Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 9 (2016) 219e229

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Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity

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Original article Review of the subfamily (, ) from Cambodia

Ulziijargal Bayarsaikhan a, Sol-Moon Na b, Yang-Seop Bae a,b,* a Bioresource and Environmental Center, Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Songdo-dong, Incheon, South Korea b Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Songdo-dong, Incheon, South Korea article info abstract

Article history: The subfamily Aganainae is reviewed for the first time from Cambodia. Fifteen species of five genera are Received 3 February 2016 recognized from Cambodia. Key and diagnoses for the genera and all species are provided. The adults and Received in revised form genitalia are illustrated for all examined species. 25 February 2016 Copyright Ó 2016, National Science Museum of Korea (NSMK) and Korea National Arboretum (KNA). Accepted 27 February 2016 Production and hosting by Elsevier. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http:// Available online 5 March 2016 creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Keywords: Erebidae Aganainae new record Cambodia

Introduction labial palpus long, upward, with the third segment long, slender; (2) forewing vein M2 arises closer to the origin of M3 than M1, in The subfamily Aganainae Boisduval, 1833, belonging to family the lower part of the discal cell, so that the cubital vein appears to Erebidae (Fibiger and Lafontaine 2005; Zahiri et al 2012), includes be four-branched; and (3) M2 in the hindwing is present giving around 109 described species of 11 genera worldwide (Zahiri et al vein Cu a four-branched appearance. Aganaines have been recorded 2012). Aganainae has often been treated as the family Hypsidae feeding on Moraceae, Apocynaceae, and Asclepiadaceae (Holloway (e.g. Holloway 1976; Inoue et al 1982) and Aganaidae (e.g. Inoue 1988; Common 1990), and lactiferous plant families that contain and Sugi 1958e1961) or as a subfamily Hypsinae of Arctiidae (e.g. cardenolides. The larvae of Aganaines have fully developed or only Seitz et al 1914e1915; Daniel 1943), and also Aganainae (Watson slightly reduced abdominal prolegs (Zahiri et al 2012). et al 1980); subfamily Aganainae of (e.g. Holloway The subfamily Aganainae is a poorly studied group in the fauna 1988; Scoble 1992; Kitching and Rawlins 1998). Recently, it has of Cambodia. Up to now, there have been only two recorded species been treated as subfamily Aganainae belonging to the family Ere- in Cambodia (Barlow 1982; Kononenko and Pinratana 2005). bidae by Fibiger and Lafontaine (2005) and Zahiri et al (2012). Aganainae are mostly large, robust, colorful , both as Materials and methods larvae and adults, and like many taxa that have poisonous larval hosts, they are often aposematic day flyers (Kitching and Rawlins During our expeditions of Cambodia in 2009e2015, we were 1998). Aganainae was best defined by the combination of the able to make a rich collection of aganaine moths, which consisted of following unique characters (Holloway 1988; Zahiri et al 2012): (1) 202 Cambodian specimens. In the present study, we recognized 15 species of 5 genera in Cambodia. Illustrations of adults and genitalia are provided and the specimens used in this study are deposited in the collection of Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea, and * Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] (Y.-S. Bae). the National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR), Incheon, ¼ Peer review under responsibility of National Science Museum of Korea (NSMK) and Korea. Abbreviations used in this study are as follows: TS type Korea National Arboretum (KNA). species; TL ¼ type locality. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2016.02.010 pISSN2287-884X eISSN2287-9544/Copyright Ó 2016, National Science Museum of Korea (NSMK) and Korea National Arboretum (KNA). Production and hosting by Elsevier. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). 220 U Bayarsaikhan et al. / Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 9 (2016) 219e229

Systematic accounts UIK-1426; 1_, Cambodia, Seima (N1211 04500,E1070001600), 3.VII.2011 (Bae et al); 1\, Cambodia, Seima (N121401200, Family Erebidae E1070203500), 12.XI.2011 (Bae et al); 1_,1\, Cambodia, Seima Subfamily Aganainae (N1214056.8000,E10703017.1000), 15.VIII.2013 (Bae et al), Gen. slide No. UIK-1415; 1_, Cambodia, Samkos (N1212045.600, Key to the genera of subfamily Aganainae from Cambodia by external E10253019.200), 16.II.2012 (Bae et al); 1_, Cambodia, Samkos morphology (N121203900,E1045305500), 18.II.2012 (Bae et al); 1_,2\, Cambodia, 1. Forewing and hindwing with bright yellow ground color and Samkos (N121203900,E1025305500), 19.II.2012 (Bae et al); 1_, some light spots in the fore- Cambodia, Samkos (N1212040.4300,E10253042.3800), 20.VII.2012 wing...... Felder, 1874 (Bae et al); 1_, Cambodia, Samkos (N121203800,E1025305500), - Forewing and hindwing with different ground color or 19.VII.2012 (Bae et al); 1_, Cambodia, Bokor (N1037042.100, pattern...... 2 E10403053.900), 15.I.2013 (Bae et al); 1_, Cambodia, Pramaoy 2. Forewing with white streak from base to termen; adults do not (N1212038.7200,E10253054.7600), 8.II.2014 (Bae et al). show sexual dimorphism...... 3 Remarks. This species did not show sexual dimorphism. Wing - Forewing with white streak from medial part to termen; adults coupling of the male of this species is same as the female, and both show sexual dimorphism...... 4 sexes have only one retinaculum. Therefore, it is difficult to 3. Forewing yellow, brown, and dark brown, with spot, wedge, and distinguish the sex (Figure 1). This species is reported for the first elongated patch; hindwing yellow, orange, and white, with spot, time from Cambodia. and bands...... Hübner, 1819 - Forewing bluish gray-brown, bluish brown, and gray-brown, (Walker, 1854) with a few dark spots and small orange yellow basal area; Peridrome Walker, 1854: 444. TS: Hypsa orbicularis Walker, 1854. hindwing with one patch on the middle of the costa or Aganopis Herrich-Schäffer, [1856]: 12. TS: Aganopis subquadrata band...... Neochera Hübner, 1819 Herrich-Schäffer, (1856). 4. Forewing with irregular orange band on the base in the female; Anagnia Walker, 1854: 446. TS: Hypsa subfascia Walker, 1854. forewing of the male without orange yellow band or patch; hindwing without spot or band.....Euplocia Hübner, 1819 Species of this genus show sexual dimorphism. The wings of the - Forewing and hindwing with orange yellow basal area in the male are short, broad, the shortening occurring over the basal half both sexes...... Peridrome Walker,1854 of the wing such the distal cells are shortened relative to the rest in Genus Agape (Felder, 1874) comparison with the female. Male genitalia: apical part of sacculus Agape Felder, 1874: pl. 106, f. 4. TS: Agape cyanopyga Felder, 1874. bifurcated; valva upcurved over the apical half. Female genitalia: Spilobotys Butler, 1887: 123. TS: Spilobotys arctioides Butler, 1887. ductus bursae narrow at connected part to corpus bursae; corpus bursae long, wrinkled, with two band-shaped signa (Holloway Species of this genus are light yellow, with orange spots or fascia 1988). Two species have been collected from Cambodia. on the forewing. Abdomen bright yellow, with dark blue dorsal bands. Male genitalia: valva simple, narrow; uncus slender, Key to the genus Peridrome species from Cambodia by external pointed; tegumen shouldered, but not all species; saccus large, morphology bifurcated. Female genitalia: ductus bursae long, sclerotized; 1. Ground color of forewing gray-brown or dark brown with white corpus bursae elongate, wrinkled (Holloway 1988). Only one spe- streaking on the veins...... 2 cies has been collected from Cambodia. - Ground color of forewing gray-brown without white streaking on the veins...... Peridome orbicularis (male) Agape chloropyga (Walker, 1854) 2. Forewing with basal 2/3 orange-brown color; base of the costa Hypsa chloropyga Walker, 1854: 455. TL: Australia. with two dark spots on white ground color...... Hypsa analis Walker, 1856: 1677. TL: Brazil (Parà)...... Peridome subfascia (male) Agape cyanopyga Felder, 1874: pl. 106, f. 4. TL: Luzon and Amboina. - Forewing with basal 1/2 orange-yellow color; base of the costa Agape chloropyga var. snelleni Gaede, 1914: 74. TL: with more than two dark spots onwhite ground color...... 3 (Seram). 3. Forewing with rectangular orange-yellow basal area.... Agape chloropyga: Holloway, 1988: 79...... P. orbicularis (female) - Forewing with irregular orange-yellow basal area...... Diagnosis (Figures 2A, 2B, 5A, 7A). Wingspan 62e67 mm...... P. subfascia (female) A. chloropyga differs from any other aganaine by having golden Peridrome orbicularis (Walker, 1854) yellowish wings with five brown spots at median area and two Hypsa orbicularis Walker, 1854: 445. TL: North , . black spots at basal area of forewing; the forewing have no reti- Aganopis subquadrata Herrich-Schäffer, [1856] 1850e1858: 12. TL: naculum in the male. The male genitalia can be distinguished by Bangladesh. having a broad shouldered tegumen; ductus bursae long and Eriocrypta longipennis Herrich-Schäffer, [1856]: 12. Unavailable sclerotized, and large, oval corpus bursae with two signa in the name (Holloway, 1988). female genitalia. Peridrome orbicularis: Holloway, 1988: 80. Distribution. Cambodia (Bokor, Cardamom, Mondulkiri, Pra- maoy, Samkos, Seima), Thailand, Philippines, South , Diagnosis (Figures 2C, 2D, 5B, and 7B). Wingspan 72e77 mm. Indonesia, India, Moluccas, North Australia. P. orbicularis can be distinguished by having a broad, subquadrate, Host plant. Unknown. grayish brown forewing, with five dark spots on the orange ground Material examined. 1_, Cambodia, Mondulkiri, 3-8.VII.2009 (Bae color basal area in the male. Female is similar to that of P. subfascia, et al), Gen. slide No. UIK-1427; 1_, Cambodia, Mondulkiri, 17- but this species can be distinguished from the latter by having a 19.X.2009 (Bae et al); 1_, Cambodia, Mondulkiri (N122804.100, wide orange basal area to the forewing and hindwing, and terminal E10711030.700), 8.X.2010 (Bae et al); 1\, Cambodia, Cardamom area with white streaking on the veins and the space between the (N115608300,E1032303800), 29.VI.2011 (Bae et al), Gen. slide No. U Bayarsaikhan et al. / Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 9 (2016) 219e229 221

Figure 1. Abdomen and wing coupling of Agape chloropyga (Walker, 1854). A, ventral view of male abdomen; B, ventral view of female abdomen; C, wing coupling of male; D, forewing of male; E, frenulum of female. veins. In the male genitalia, it can be distinguished by having a (Bae et al); 3_,2\, Cambodia, Bokor (N103701500,E104500000), narrow, curved upwards valva, and apical part of sacculus sym- 14.VII.2012 (Bae et al), Gen. slide No. UIK-1411, UIK-1412; 1_,2\, metrically bifurcated; large, peanut-shaped corpus bursae with two Cambodia, Kulen (N133604300,E1040605500), 15.II.2013 (Bae et al); band-shaped signa in the female genitalia. 2_, Cambodia, Samkos (N1212025.900,E10252025.200), 17.II.2013 Distribution. Cambodia (Bokor, Kep, Seima), Thailand, Myanmar, (Bae et al); 1_,2\, Cambodia, Kep (N122902500,E10418012.900), India, Indonesia, Philippines, China. 13.I.2013 (Bae et a.); 2_,1\, Cambodia, Kep (N1029037.8000, Host plant. Apocynum spp. (Apocynaceae; Holloway 1988). E1041805.4000), 19.VIII.2013 (Bae et al); 2_,5\, Cambodia, Seima Material examined. 1_, Cambodia, Seima (N121004800, (N121004800,E1065805400), 2.VII.2011 (Bae et al); 1_, Cambodia, E1065805400), 1.VII.2011 (Bae et a.); 1_,1\, Cambodia, Bokor Seima (N121604400,E1070305600), 12.XI.2011 (Bae et al); 1\, (N103701500,E104500000), 14.VII.2012 (Bae et al), Gen. slide No. UIK- Cambodia, Seima (N1214056.8000,E1073017.1000), 15.VIII.2013 (Bae 1413, UIK-1414a; 2_,1\, Cambodia, Bokor (N1037045.600, et al). E1040501800), 14.I.2013 (Bae et al); 1_,3\, Cambodia, Bokor Remarks. This species shows a striking sexual dimorphism, and (N1037042.100,E10403053.900), 15.I.2013 (Bae et al); 1\, Cambodia, reported for the first time from Cambodia. Kep (N102900900,E1041704400), 16.VII.2012 (Bae et al). Remarks. This species shows a striking sexual dimorphism, and Genus Euplocia Hübner, [1819] reported for the first time from Cambodia. Euplocia Hübner, [1819]: 172. TS: Phalaena membliaria Cramer, 1780. Peridrome subfascia (Walker, 1854) Hypsa subfascia Walker, 1854: 446. TL: East India. The species of this genus shows some sexual dimorphism: white Anagnia subfascia: Barlow, 1982:77. streaking in the forewing spaces as well as on the veins, and sec- Peridrome subfascia: Holloway, 1988: 79, 92. ondary sexual characters of the male: folded semicircular flap on the basal third of costal area of the forewing. Male genitalia: valva Diagnosis (Figures 2E, 2F, 5C, and 7C). Wingspan 72e77 mm. with angular process in the center of the costa; vesica with scler- P. subfascia differs from congeners by having brown ground color otized part and small, scobinate. Female genitalia: basal area of terminal area of the forewing and hindwing, with white streaking ductus bursae sclerotized; scobinate bands run almost the length of on the veins in male; Female is similar to that of P. orbicularis, but the corpus bursae, with stout, brouder part in basal end (Holloway, the former can be distinguished by the following aspects: in the 1988). Only one species has been collected from Cambodia. wings, orange basal area of P. subfascia smaller than P. orbicularis, and terminal area with white streaking only on the veins. In the Euplocia membliaria (Cramer, 1780) male genitalia, valva broad, curved upwards, with one angular Phalaena membliaria Cramer, 1780: 139, 175. TL: East India. process in the middle of the costa, and apical part of sacculus Aganais renigera Felder, 1874: pl. 106. asymmetrically bifurcated; corpus bursae large, peanut shaped, Euplocia moderata Butler, 1875: 327. TL: Java. wrinkled with one large, rounded at distal end of signum, bifur- Euplocia inscospicua Butler, 1875: 328. TL: Macassar. cated at proximal end of signum in the female genitalia. Euplocia radians Snellen, 1879: 77. TL: Indonesia. Distribution. Cambodia (Bokor, Kep, Kulen, Mondulkiri, Pursat, Euplocia membliaria: Barlow, 1982:77. Samkos, Seima), Thailand, Malaysia, India, Indonesia, Philippines, Taiwan. Diagnosis (Figures 2G, 2H, 5D, and 7D). Wingspan 72e79 mm. Host plant. Unknown. E. membliaria differs from any other aganaine by having bluish Material examined. 1\, Cambodia, Mondulkiri, 3-8.VII.2009 (Bae brown gray ground color wings, with folded semicircular flap on et al); 1_, Cambodia, Pursat (N1205034.200,E10311 010.100), 4.V.2010 the costa in the male, and irregular orange band on the base of the 222 U Bayarsaikhan et al. / Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 9 (2016) 219e229

Figure 2. Adults of Aganainae. A, Agape chloropyga (Walker), male; B, ditto, female; C, Peridrome orbicularis (Walker), male; D, ditto, female; E, P. subfascia (Walker), male; F, ditto, female; G, Euplocia membliaria (Cramer), male; H, ditto, female; I, N. marmorea (Walker), male; J, ditto, female.

forewing in the female. In the male genitalia, the base of gnathos is et al); 1_,1\, Cambodia, Bokor (N1037042.7000,E1043050.5000), sclerotized; valva rectangular, convex prominent in the middle of 18.VIII.2013 (Bae et al); 1_, Cambodia, Bokor (N1039030.7300, the costa, with small hairs in the apical part of valva, and sclerotized E1040303.7400), 4.II.2014 (Bae et al); 3\, Cambodia, Samkos process in the ventro-distal part of valva; large, wrinkled, bottle- (N121203900,E1025305500), 18.II.2012 (Bae et al); 1\, Cambodia, shaped corpus bursae, with two large, tadpole-shaped signa at Samkos (N1212040.4300,E10253042.3800), 20.VII.2012 (Bae et al); cervix bursae in the female genitalia. 1_, Cambodia, Kulen (N133604300,E1040605500), 15.II.2013 (Bae Distribution. Cambodia (Bokor, Kulen, Samkos, Seima), Thailand, et al). Malaysia, India, Indonesia, Java, Philippines, Burma, South China, Remarks. This species shows a few sexual dimorphisms, and is Japan. reported from Cambodia by Barlow (1982). Host plant. Unknown. Material examined. 3_,5\, Cambodia, Seima (N1211 04500, Genus Neochera Hübner, [1819] E1070001600), 2.VII.2011 (Bae et al), Gen. slide No. UIK-1416, UIK- Neochera Hübner, [1819]: 173. TS: Phalaena dominia Cramer, [1780]. 1417; 1\, Cambodia, Seima (N1211 04500,E1070001600), 3.VII.2011 Philona Walker, 1854: 456. TS: Hypsa inops Walker, 1854. (Bae et al); 3_,2\, Cambodia, Bokor (N103605200,E1040504400), 13.VII.2012 (Bae et al); 3_,3\, Cambodia, Bokor (N103605200, This genus comprises four named species, subdivided into two E1040504400), 14.VII.2012 (Bae et al); 3_,2\, Cambodia, Bokor groups: Neochera domina Cramer and Neochera marmoreal Walker; (N1037045.600,E1040501800), 14.I.2013 (Bae et al); 3_,2\, Neochera inops Walker and Neochera privata Walker (Holloway Cambodia, Bokor (N1037042.100,E10403053.900), 15.I.2013 (Bae 1988). All of the species in this genus can be distinguished by U Bayarsaikhan et al. / Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 9 (2016) 219e229 223

Figure 3. Adults of Aganainae. A, Neochera inops (Walker), male; B, ditto, female; C, Neochera dominia (Cramer), male; D, (Walker), male; E, ditto, female (from Vietnam); F, A. paphos (Fabricius), male; G, ditto, female; H, A. egens (Walker), male; I, ditto, female. having a white streak only on the veins in the forewing, and a dark ground color forewing and hindwing, with white streaking on the color patch on the middle of costa in the hindwing (Holloway veins, and hindwing with one dark brown patch in upper side of 1988). Three species has been collected from Cambodia. discal cell. In the male genitalia, paddle-shaped valva, and sacculus sclerotized, tubular, waved; corpus bursae peanut-shaped, with Key to the genus Neochera species from Cambodia by external two band-shaped cornuti, one near center, another near posterior morphology part in the female genitalia. 1. Ground color of wings with bluish brown..... N. marmorea Distribution. Cambodia (Bokor, Osam, Samkos), Thailand, - Ground color of wings with bluish brown...... 2 Malaysia, North India, Indonesia. 2. Ground color of hindwing pure white...... N. domina Host plant. Unknown. - Ground color of hindwing pure yellow...... N. inops Material examined.2\, Cambodia, Samkos (N121203900, E1025305500), 18.II.2012 (Bae et al), Gen. slide No. UIK-1419; 1_, Neochera marmorea (Walker, 1856) Cambodia, Samkos (N121204100,E1025403700), 19.II.2012 (Bae et al), Hypsa marmorea Walker, 1856: 1674. TL: Bangladesh (Silhet). Gen. slide No. UIK-1418,1418a; 2\, Cambodia, Samkos (N1212040.4300, Neochera marmorea: Barlow, 1982:76. E10253042.3800), 20.VII.2012 (Bae et al); 1_,Cambodia,Samkos (N1212025.900,E10252025.200),17.II.2013 (Bae et al); 1_,1\, Cambodia, Diagnosis (Figures 2I, 2J, 5E, and 7E). Wingspan 73e82 mm. Osam (N12103100,E10311 0400), 21.II.2012 (Bae et al); 1_,3\, Cambodia, N. marmorea differs from the congeners by having bluish brown Bokor (N103605200,E1040504400), 13.VII.2013 (Bae et al). 224 U Bayarsaikhan et al. / Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 9 (2016) 219e229

Figure 4. Adults of Aganainae. A, (Fabricius), male; B, ditto, female; C, A. producta (Butler), male (from Vietnam); D, ditto, female; E, A. javana (Cramer), male; F, ditto, female; G, A. plaginota (Butler), male; H, ditto, female; I, A. subsimilis (Walker), male; J, ditto, female.

Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Distribution. Cambodia (Kep, Osam, Samkos, Seima), Thailand, Cambodia. India, Bangladesh, Indonesia. Host plant. Larvae were reported as feeders of lives of weed Neochera inops (Walker, 1854) (Kononenko and Pinratana 2005). Hypsa inops Walker, 1856: 457. TL: Bangladesh. Material examined.1_, Cambodia, Seima (N1211 04500, Neochera inops: Barlow, 1982:76. E1070001600), 2.VII.2011 (Bae et al), Gen. slide No. UIK-1421; 1\, Cambodia, Seima (N121405400,E1070301500), 11.XI.2011 (Bae et al), Diagnosis (Figures 3A, 3B, 5F, and 7F). Wingspan 53e56 mm. Gen. slide No. UIK-1422; 1_, Cambodia, Seima (N1214056.8000, N. inops differs from the congeners by the forewing with three dark E10703017.1000), 15.VIII.2013 (Bae et al); 1_, Cambodia, Samkos spots at base and yellow ground color of hindwing, with dark (N121203900,E1025305500), 18.II.2012 (Bae et al); 1\, Cambodia, brown distal area. In the male genitalia, valva and sacculus asym- Samkos (N121203800,E1025305500), 19.VII.2012 (Bae et al); 1\, metrically bifurcated; corpus bursae oval, with two tadpole-shaped Cambodia, Kep (N102900900,E1041704400),16.VII.2012 (Bae et al); 1_, signa at anterior part, tail of signa surround on the corpus bursae in Cambodia, Kep (N122902500,E10418012.900),13.I.2013 (Bae et al); 1\, the female genitalia. Cambodia, Osam (N12103100,E10311 0400), 21.II.2012 (Bae et al). U Bayarsaikhan et al. / Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 9 (2016) 219e229 225

Figure 5. Male genitalia of Aganainae. A, Agape chloropyga (Walker); B, Peridrome orbicularis (Walker); C, P. subfascia (Walker); D, Euplocia membliaria (Cramer); E, N. marmorea (Walker); F, Neochera inops (Walker); G, Neochera dominia (Cramer).

Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Lacides Walker, 1854: 456. TS: Noctua ficus Fabricius, 1775. Cambodia. Petalia Walker, 1854: 457. TS: Hypsa plagiata Walker, 1854. Pseudhypsa Kirby, 1892: 384. TS: Phalaena speciosa Drury, 1773. Neochera dominia (Cramer, 1780) Phalaena dominia Cramer, 1780: 123, 174. TL: Coromandel. All of the species in this genus can be distinguished by having a Neochera dominia: Holloway, 1988: 83. small oval orange yellow patch of scent scales anterior to the center of the hindwing subcostal on the upper side in the males. Male Diagnosis (Figures 3C and 5G). Wingspan 68e72 mm. N. dominia genitalia: valva simple, elongate; aedeagus usually short, broad, is differs from congeners by having bluish gray ground color fore- vesica large, with small group of cornuti or single cornutus. Female wing, with bold white streaking on the veins and pure white genitalia: ductus bursae not sclerotized basally, corpus bursae with ground color hindwing, with bluish black spots in terminal area. In circular signa or absent (Holloway 1988). Eight species have been the male genitalia, saccus rectangular, with upside little narrow, collected from Cambodia. and juxta with sclerotized, semicircular spur. Distribution. Cambodia (Bokor, Kep), Thailand, Myanmar, India, Key to the genus Asota species from Cambodia by external morphology South China, Taiwan, Indonesia, Philippines, North Australia. 1. Ground color of forewing pure yellow...... 2 Host plant. Marsdenia spp. (Asclepidacea; Holloway 1988). - Ground color of forewing gray-brown and dark brown....3 Material examined.1_, Cambodia, Bokor (N103701500, 2. Forewing with large, dark brown patch at basal area- E1040500000), 14.VII.2012 (Bae et al), Gen. slide No. UIK-1420; 1_, ...... A. javana Cambodia, Kep (N122902500,E10418012.900), 13.I.2013 (Bae et al). - Forewing with about five dark spots at basal area.... A. egens Remarks. Only males had been collected in Cambodia up to now. 3. Ground color of hindwing pure white with dark spots or This species was reported from Cambodia by Kononenko and bands...... 4 Pinratana (2005). - Ground color of hindwing yellow with dark spots or bands...... 5 Genus Asota Hübner, [1819] 4. Forewing with white streak at dorsal area...... A.paphos Asota Hübner, [1819]: 164. TS: Phalaena javana Cramer, 1780. - Forewing with white wedge at middle area...... A.plana Damalis Hübner, [1819]: 172. TS: Noctua caricae Fabricius, 1775. 5. Forewing with white costal fascia...... A. producta Hypsa Hübner, [1819]: 172. TS: Phalaena silvandra Stoll, 1781. - Forewing without white costal fascia...... 6 Euimata Billberg, 1820: 91. TS: Phalaena alciphron Cramer, 1777. 6. Center of forewing with one white small spot...... A. caricae Psephea Billberg, 1820: 86. TS: Noctua caricae Fabricius, 1775. - Center of forewing with irregular spot or patch...... 7 Aganais Boisduval, 1832: 248. TS: Noctua caricae Fabricius, 1775. 7. Forewing with two white spots...... A. plaginota Aspa Walker, 1854: 452. TS: Phalaena heliconia Linnaeus, 1758. - Forewing with one white longitudinal patch..... A. subsimilis 226 U Bayarsaikhan et al. / Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 9 (2016) 219e229

Figure 6. Male genitalia of Aganainae. A, Asota plana (Walker); B, A. paphos (Fabricius); C, A. egens (Walker); D, A. caricae (Fabricius); E, A. producta (Butler); F, A. javana (Cramer); G, A. plaginota (Butler); H, A. subsimilis (Walker).

Asota plana (Walker, 1854) Distribution. Cambodia (Bokor, Samkos, Seima), Thailand, Viet- Hypsa plana Walker, 1854: 450. TL: Java. nam, Nepal, India, , Indonesia, South China, Taiwan, Asota plana: Inoue, 1982: 652. Japan. Host plant. spp. (Moracea; Holloway 1988). Diagnosis (Figures 3D, 3E, 6A, and 7H). Wingspan 59e62 mm. Material examined.1_, Cambodia, Seima (N121004800, A. plana differs from congeners by having forewing with broad E1065805400), 2.VII.2011 (Bae et al), Gen. slide No. UIK-1405, UIK- white wedge, and dark spots at yellow ground color basal area. In 1650V; 2_, Cambodia, Samkos (N121300600,E1025500800), the male genitalia, sacculus asymmetrically bifurcated, and vesica 19.II.2012 (Bae et al); 1_, Cambodia, Bokor (N1037042.100, without cornutus. E10403053.900), 15.I.2013 (Bae et al). U Bayarsaikhan et al. / Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 9 (2016) 219e229 227

Figure 7. Female genitalia of Aganainae. A, Agape chloropyga (Walker); B, Peridrome orbicularis (Walker); C, P. subfascia (Walker); D, Euplocia membliaria (Cramer); E, N. marmorea (Walker); F, Neochera inops (Walker); H, Asota plana (Walker); I, A. paphos (Fabricius); J, A. egens (Walker); K, A. caricae (Fabricius); L, A. producta (Butler); M, A. javana (Cramer); N, A. plaginota (Butler); O, A. subsimilis (Walker).

Remarks. Only males had been collected in Cambodia to date. white streak at dorsal area, and pure white ground color hindwing Females were collected from Vietnam. This species is reported for with dark gray dorsal area and longitudinal dark gray bands. In the the first time from Cambodia. male genitalia, aedeagus with two large spine-shaped cornuti; ductus bursae with sclerotized in middle part, and appendix bursae Asota paphos (Fabricius, 1787) of corpus bursae slightly sclerotized in the female genitalia. Noctua paphos Fabricius, 1787: 137. TL: Thailand. Distribution. Cambodia (Pursat, Samkos), Thailand, North India, Asota paphos: Holloway, 1988:87. Indonesia, China. Host plant. Unknown. Diagnosis (Figures 3F, 3G, 6B, and 7I). Wingspan 70e72 mm. Material examined.1_, Cambodia, Pursat (N1205034.200, A. paphos differs from congeners by having forewing with broad E10311010.0100), 4.V.2010 (Bae et al), Gen. slide No. UIK-1425; 1\, 228 U Bayarsaikhan et al. / Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 9 (2016) 219e229

Cambodia, Samkos (N1212042.3500,E10253040.6900), 21.VII.2012 et al); 1\, Cambodia, Osam (N120103100,E10311 00400), 21.II.2012 (Bae et al), Gen. slide No. UIK-1400. (Bae et al); 1\, Cambodia, Koh Kong (N103605200,E104504400), Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from 15.VII.2012 (Bae et al); 3_,3\, Cambodia, Bokor (N103601500, Cambodia. E1040601200), 15.VII.2012 (Bae et al), Gen. slide No. UIK-1409; 2\, Cambodia, Bokor (N1037045.600,E1040501800), 14.I.2013 (Bae et al); Asota egens (Walker, 1854) 1\, Cambodia, Kep (N102900900,E1041704400), 16.VII.2012 (Bae Hypsa egens Walker, 1854: 453. TL: North India. et al); 1_, Cambodia, Samkos (N121203900,E1025305500), 18.II.2012 Hypsa nebulosa Butler, 1875: 322. TL: Sarawak. (Bae et al); 3\, Cambodia, Samkos (N1212025.900,E10252025.200), Asota egens: Holloway, 1976:5. 17.II.2013 (Bae et al); 1\, Cambodia, Mondulkiri (N1221013.0600, E1071909.0600), 14.VIII.2013 (Bae et al). Diagnosis (Figures 3H, 3I, 6C, and 7J). Wingspan 59e67 mm. Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from A. egens differs from congeners by having a pure yellow ground Cambodia. color wings, with dark clear spots on the base of the forewing; in the male genitalia, aedeagus with two cornuti, one long, slender Asota producta (Butler, 1875) spine-shaped, another very small; ductus bursae with sclerotized in Hypsa producta Butler, 1875: 320. TL: Ceylon. posterior part, and appendix bursae of corpus bursae membranous Hypsa strigivenata Butler, 1875: 321. TL: Penang. in the female genitalia. Damalis producta: Moore, 1882: 52, pl. 101, f. 1, 1a. Distribution. Cambodia (Bokor, Cardamom, Samkos, Seima), Asota producta stigmatica Rothschild, 1897: 320. TL: Java. Thailand, Indonesia, New Guinea, India, Nepal, Taiwan, South West Asota producta: Holloway, 1976:5. China, Japan. Host plant. Ficus spp. (Moracea) (Holloway 1988). Diagnosis (Figures 4C, 4D, 6E, and 7L). Wingspan 68e71 mm. Material examined.2\, Cambodia, Cardamom (N115804700, A. producta is superficially similar to A. caricae, but can be distin- E1032202200), 29.VI.2011 (Bae et al); 1\, Cambodia, Seima guished by the forewing with white costal streak from base to 2/3 (N1211 04500,E1070001600), 2.VII.2011 (Bae et al), Gen. slide No. length of costa, in A. caricae, the forewing without white costal UIK-1407; 1_, Cambodia, Seima (N1214056.8000,E10703017.1000), streak; in the female genitalia, ductus bursae wrinkled, and ap- 15.VIII.2013 (Bae et al), Gen. slide No. UIK-1406; 1\, Cambodia, pendix bursae slightly sclerotized. Seima (N121604400,E1070305600), 12.XI.2011 (Bae et al); 1\, Distribution. Cambodia (Bokor, Cardamom, Samkos, Seima), Cambodia, Samkos (N121203900,E1025305500), 18.II.2012 Thailand, Indochina, Nepal, India, Sri Lanka, South China, Hainan Is., (Bae et al); 1_,1\, Cambodia, Samkos (N1212040.4300, Indonesia. E10253042.3800), 20.VII.2012 (Bae et al); 3_, Cambodia, Bokor Host plant. Unknown. (N103701500,E1040500000), 14.VII.2012 (Bae et al); 1_,1\, Material examined.1\, Cambodia, Cardamom (N115804700, Cambodia, Bokor (N1037042.100,E10403053.900), 15.I.2013 (Bae E1032202200), 29.VI.2011 (Bae et al), Gen. slide No. UIK-1408, UIk- et al). 1649V; 1\, Cambodia, Samkos (N1212040.4300,E1025303800), Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from 20.VII.2012 (Bae et al); 1\, Cambodia, Bokor (N1037045.600, Cambodia. E1040501800), 14.I.2013 (Bae et al); 1\, Cambodia, Seima (N1214056.8000,E1073017.1000), 15.VIII.2013 (Bae et al). Asota caricae (Fabricius, 1775) Remarks. Only females have been collected in Cambodia to date. Noctua caricae Fabricius, 1775: 596. TL: India. Males were collected from Vietnam. This species is reported for the Phalaena alciphron Cramer, [1777]: 58, (147), pl. 133. TL: India. first time from Cambodia. Asota caricae: Holloway, 1976:5. Asota javana (Cramer, 1780) Diagnosis (Figures 4A, 4B, 6D, and 7K). Wingspan 52e65 mm. Phalaena javana Cramer, 1780: 146. TL: Samarang, Java. A. caricae is superficially similar to A. plaginota, and A. producta, but Asota flaviventris Rothschild, 1897: 332. TL: N. Luzon. can be distinguished from A. plaginota by having the forewing with Asota javana: Holloway, 1988: 89. one smaller white distal spot, in A. plaginota, forewing with two white spots, one small, one large, irregular. Also distinguished from Diagnosis (Figures 4E, 4F, 6F, and 7M). Wingspan 75e77 mm. A. producta by the forewing without white costal streak, in A. javana is differs from congeners by having a pure yellow ground A. producta, forewing with white costal streak from base to 2/3 color wings, forewing with dark brown, large, irregular patch in the length of the costa. The three species also differ in characters of the median area and two white spots within patch, and hindwing with female genitalia: in A. caricae, ductus bursae shorter than other two dark brown inside postmedial line. In the male genitalia, aedeagus species, with sclerotized plate, and appendix bursae very strongly with slender, spicula bundle; corpus bursae with slim, ring-shaped sclerotized; in A. plaginota, ductus bursae wrinkled, and appendix signum in the female genitalia. bursae sclerotized; in A. producta, ductus bursae wrinkled, and Distribution. Cambodia (Bokor, Seima), Thailand, Indonesia. appendix bursae slightly sclerotized. Host plant. Unknown. Distribution. Cambodia (Bokor, Kep, Koh Kong, Mondulkiri, Material examined.1_,1\, Cambodia, Seima (N121405400, Osam, Samkos, Seima), Thailand, Indonesia, Nepal, South West E1070301400), 11.XI.2011 (Bae et al), Gen. slide No. UIK-1423, UIK- China, Taiwan, Japan. 1404; 1\, Cambodia, Seima (N122902500,E10418012.900), 13.I.2013 Host plant. Lansium domesticum (Meliacea), Psidium guajava (Bae et al); 1_, Cambodia, Bokor (N100305200,E1040504400), (Myrtacea), Lycopersicon esculentum (Solanacea), Ficus racemosa, 13.VII.2013 (Bae et al). and (Moracea) (Kononenko and Pinratana, 2005); Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Ficus, (Moracea), (Guttiferae), (Verbe- Cambodia. nacea), and (Dipterocarpacea; Holloway, 1988). Material examined.2\, Cambodia, Seima (N121004800, Asota plaginota (Butler, 1875) E1065805400), 1.VII.2011 (Bae et al), Gen. slide No. UIK-1410A; 2\, Hypsa plaginota Butler, 1875: 320. TL: India. Cambodia, Seima (N1214011.3000,E1070203700), 12.I.2013 (Bae Asota plaginota: Moriuti, 1996:33. U Bayarsaikhan et al. / Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 9 (2016) 219e229 229

Diagnosis (Figures 4G, 4H, 6G, and 7N). Wingspan 55e64 mm. Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR), funded by the Ministry of A. plaginota is similar to A. caricae, but the former can be distin- Environment (MOE) of the Republic of Korea (NIBR201504201). guished by the following aspects: in the forewing with two white spots, one small, one large, irregular, in A. caricae, the forewing with References one smaller white distal spot; in the male genitalia, aedeagus with one spine-shaped cornutus and scobinate, in A. caricae, one spine- Barlow HS. 1982. An introduction to the Moths of South East Asia. Kuala Lumpur: The shaped cornutus bigger than A. plaginota, and without scobinate; Malaysian Nature Society. e ductus bursae wrinkled, and appendix bursae less sclerotized than Billberg GJ. 1820. Enumeratio Insectrum in Museo. pp. 1 138. Boisduval JA. 1832. Voyage de découvertes de l’Astrolabe exécuté par ordre du Roi, A. caricae in the female genitalia. pendant les années 1826-1827-1828-1829, sous le commandément de M. J. Distribution. Cambodia, Thailand, India, Indonesia. Dumont d’Urville. Faune entomologique de l’Océan Pacifique, avec l’illustration des insectes nouveaux recueillis pendant le voyage. Lépidoptères in d’Urville, Host plant. Unknown. e e \ Voy. Astrolabe (Faune ent. Pacif.) 1:1 267, pls. 1 5. Material examined.1 , Cambodia, Seima, 3-8.VII.2009 (Bae et al), Butler AG. 1875. A list of Lepidoptera referable to the genus Hypsa of Walker’s List, 0 00 Gen. slide No. UIK-1403; 1\, Cambodia, Seima (N12 11 45 , with descriptions of new genera and species. Transactions of the Entomological E1070001600), 3.VII.2011 (Bae et al); 1\, Cambodia, Samkos Society of London 4:315e329. 0 00 0 00 _ \ Butler AG. 1887. Illustrations of typical specimens of Lepidoptera Heterocera in the (N12 12 42.35 ,E10253 40.69 ), 21.VII.2012 (Bae et al); 1 ,3, collection of British Museum. 7:IVþ124. 0 00 0 00 Cambodia, Bokor (N10 36 52 ,E104 05 44 ), 13.VII.2012 (Bae et al), Common IFB. 1990. Moths of Australia. New York: E.J. Brill and Melbourne University Gen. slide No. UIK-1424; 2\, Cambodia, Bokor (N1037042.100, Press. e 0 00 \ Cramer P. 1777. Uitlandsche Kapellen 2(9 16):58 (147), pl. 133. E104 03 53.9 ), 15.I.2013 (Bae et al); 1 , Cambodia, Bokor Cramer P. 1780. Uitlandsche Kapellen 3 (23e24). 139, 175. 0 00 0 00 (N10 37 42.7 ,E1043.50 50.50 ), 17.VIII.2013 (Bae et al); 1\, Daniel F. 1943. Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Arctiidae Ostasiens unter besonderer Cambodia, Kep (N122902500,E10418012.900), 13.I.2013 (Bae et al). Berücksichtigung der Ausbeuten H. Höne’s aus diesem Gebiet (Lep. Het.). II Teil. fi Hypsinae, Micrarctiinae, Spilosominae, . Mitteilungen der München Remarks. This species is reported for the rst time from Entomologischen Gesellschft 33:673e759. Cambodia. Fabricius JC. 1775. Systema Entomologiae: sistens Insectorum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, Adiectis Synonyms, Locis, Descriptionibus, Observationibus: Asota subsimilis (Walker, 1864) 596. Fabricius JC. 1787. Mantissa insectorum sistens species nuper detectas adiectis Hypsa subsimilis Walker, 1864: 212. TL: Singapore. synonyms, observationibus, descriptionibus, emendationibus. Mantissa Insec- Asota subsimilis: Barlow, 1982:76. torum 2:137. Felder R. 1874. Reise Ost. Fregatte Novara (Zool.) 2:106. fi e Fibiger M, Lafontaine JD. 2005. A review of the higher classi cation of the Noc- Diagnosis (Figures 4I, 4J, 6H, and 7O). Wingspan 52 57 mm. tuoidea (Lepidoptera) with special reference to the Holarctic fauna. Esperiana A. subsimilis differs from congeners by having a white, elongated 11:7e92. patch in the center of the forewing, and golden yellow ground color Gaede M. 1914. Ueber die Lepidopteren-Gattung Agape Snellen. Entomologische Rundschau 31:74. hindwing, with dark brown apical area and terminal area. In the Herrich-Schäffer GAW. 1856. Sammlung neuer oder wenig bekannter aussereur- male genitalia, aedeagus with one slender spine-shaped cornutus; opäischer Schmetterlinge, 1856. Heterocera (Nachfalter) 1:12. ductus bursae with sclerotized anterior part, and appendix bursae Holloway JD. 1976. Moths of Borneo with special reference to Mt. Kinabalu. Kuala Lumpur: Malayan Nature Society and Sabah Foundation. slightly sclerotized in the female genitalia. Holloway JD. 1988. The Moths of Borneo, part. 6: family Arctiidae, subfamilies Synto- Distribution. Cambodia (Bokor, Cardamom, Kep, Koh Kong, Pra- minae, Euchromiinae, Arctiinae; Noctuidae misplaced in Arctiidae (Camptoloma, maoy, Pursat, Samkos), Thailand, Malaysia. Aganaidae). Kuala Lumpur: Southdene Sdn Bhd. Hübner J. 1819. Verzeichniss bekannter Schmettlinge, (11):161e176. Host plant. Unknown. Inoue H, Sugi S. 1958e1961. Checklist of the Lepidoptera of Japan. Tokyo: Kodansha. Material examined.2_,1\, Cambodia, Koh Kong, 17-19.X.2009 Inoue H, Sugi S, Kuroko H, et al. 1982. Moths of Japan. Tokyo: Kodansha. (Bae et al), Gen. slide No. UIK-1401, UIK-1402; 2_,1\, Cambodia, Kirby WF. 1892. A synonymic catalogue of Lepidoptera Heterocera (Moths). 0 00 0 00 _ \ Sphinges and Bombyces Synonymic Catalogue of Lepidoptera Heterocera. (Moths), Pursat (N12 05 34.2 ,E10311 10.1 ), 4.V.2010 (Bae et al); 3 ,4 , e 0 00 0 00 1:1 951. Cambodia, Cardamom (N11 58 47 ,E10322 22 ), 28.VI.2011 (Bae Kitching IJ, Rawlins J. 1998. The . In: Kristensen NP, editor. Handbook of et al); 2\, Cambodia, Samkos (N121204100,E1025403700), 17.II.2012 Zoology, Lepidoptera, Moths and Butterflies, Vol. 1. Evolution, Systematics, and e (Bae et al); 1_, Cambodia, Kep (N102902500,E1041801300), Biogeography. Berlin: W. de Gruyter. pp. 355 401. _ 0 00 Kononenko VS, Pinratana A. 2005. Moths of Thailand, Noctuidae, Vol. 3. Thailand, 17.VII.2012 (Bae et al); 1 , Cambodia, Kep (N12 29 25 , Bangkok: Brothers of Saint Gabriel. 261 pp. 0 00 E104 18 12.9 ), 13.I.2013 (Bae et al); 2_,3\, Cambodia, Kep Moore R. 1882. Heterocera. The Lepidoptera of Cyelon 2:89e198. (N1029037.8000,E1041805.4000), 19.VIII.2013 (Bae et al); 2_,3\, Moriuti S. 1996. Aganaine moths (Lepidoptera: noctuidae) from Thailand in the 0 00 0 00 Collection of the Entomological Laboratory, University of Osaka Prefecture. Cambodia, Bokor (N10 36 52 ,E10405 44 ), 13.VII.2012 (Bae Bulletin of the University of Osaka Prefecture Series B 48:25e43. 0 00 0 00 et al); 1\, Cambodia, Bokor (N10 37 42.1 ,E104 03 53.9 ), 15.I.2013 Rothschild FRS. 1897. Description of some new species and subspecies of Lepi- (Bae et al); 2_, Cambodia, Bokor (N1039032.500,E1040302400), doptera. Novitates Zoologicae 4:332. \ 0 00 Scoble MJ. 1992. The Lepidoptera. Form, function and diversity. Oxford: Oxford Uni- 18.VIII.2013 (Bae et al); 1 , Cambodia, Pramaoy (N12 12 38.72 , versity Press. 0 00 E102 53 54.76 ), 8.II.2014 (Bae et al). Seitz A. 1914e1915. Arctiidae. In: Seitz A, editor. The Macrolepidoptera of the world. Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from II. Division: Fauna Exotica. Stuttgart: A. Kernen. pp. 105e290. 10 (Bombyces and Sphinges of the Indo-Australian Region). Cambodia. Snellen PCT. 1879. Lepidoptera van Celebes verzameld door Mr. M.C. Piepers, met aanteekeningen en beschrijving der nieuwe soorten. Tijdschrift voor Entomolo- gie 22:77. Acknowledgments Walker F. 1854. List of the specimens of lepidopterous in the collection of the British Museum 2:279e581. Walker F. 1856. List of the specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection of the We are grateful to Dr J.B. Heppner, Florida Museum of Natural British Museum 7:1508e1886. History, University of Florida, Gainesville, for reading the original Walker F. 1864. Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Heterocera in the British Museum 31:212. Watson A, Fletcher DS, Nye IMB. 1980. Noctuoidea: Arctiidae, Cocytiidae, Cte- manuscript carefully before submitting. We also thank the students nuchidae, Dilobidae, Dioptidae, Lymantriidae, Notodontidae, Strepsimanidae, of the Diversity Laboratory, Division of Life Sciences, Thaumetopoeidae, Thyretidae. In: Nye IWB, editor. The generic names of moths Incheon National University: Mu Jie Qi, Young-Don Ju, Bo-Sun Park, of the world. Vol. 2. London: The Trustees, British Museum (Natural History). p. 228. Jae-Won Kim, and Dong-Jun Lee, for their kindness and encour- Zahiri R, Holloway JD, Kitching IJ, et al. 2012. Molecular phylogenetics of Erebidae agement. This work was supported by a grant from the National (Lepidoptera, Noctuoidea). Systematic Entomology 37:102e124.