DOCSLIB.ORG

Small Mammals and Bats of PNW Forests

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Small Mammals and Bats of PNW Forests Small Mammals and Bats in Forests of the Pacific Northwest Most of the Lecture on Small Mammals & Bats is Courtesy of Professor Stephen West, School of Environmental & Forest Sciences, UW THREADS – LOOK AT THEM AS ULTIMATE INTERCONNECTORS to keep ecosystems resilient CASE STUDIES: Animal species dependent upon forests for some phase of their survival, not generalist species that can live anywhere, some are keystone species important in the recovery rate of forest landscapes impacted by disturbances, they are important interconnectors of structures/functions in forests TODAY: Mammals and bats – adapted to disturbances & different phases of forest growth, utilize the entire landscape and not just a few habitats, greatly impacted by land use, some are on endangered species lists, some are part of human mythological stories continuing case studies Coqui – highly adapted to disturbances, increase the resilience of tropical forests to disturbances, loved in Puerto Rico and hated in Hawaii [cultural reasons] Salmon – keystone species that is also a cultural symbol, fertilizes forests with ocean nutrients Mycorrhizas – allow forests to grow in nutrient poor and toxic environments, symbionts that nitrogen enrichment kills, humans eat their fruiting bodies (mushrooms) 2 Mammals in Washington Shrews, Predators Moles, & • Most species are small & Large Bats • Most are rodents, Mammals 30% shrews, moles, or bats 20% • The most familiar mammals (big and Rodents diurnal) are the most 50% uncommon Who are active at night and not daytime? 1 Mammals in Washington • 84 of 107 Do Not terrestrial Use species use Use Forest Forest forests Habitat Habitat • Details of natural 79% 21% history and geographic distribution vary widely Small Mammals & Forest Q: When species shift occurs Succession with small mammals?? [not talking about bats] A: 15 – 25 years or when tree canopies close cover Marsh and Trowbridge’s shrews Shrew-mole Vagrant shrew Coast mole Townsend’s mole Tree and flying squirrels Meadow voles Southern red-backed vole Jumping mice Keen’s mouse Deer mouse Gophers Ground squirrels Chipmunks Within a Forest Stand: Logs as Habitat for Small Mammals STRUCTURES IMPORTANT • Protection from physical environment • Protection from predators • Food sources – insects [like a kitchen in your house] • Lookout structures • Travel routes 2 Logs as Habitat for Small Mammals • Large logs provide more habitat and they last longer • We are still realizing benefits from stumps and logs from the original forest • We are not replacing these elements as we lose our old growth forests [small logs have been tied together to mimic old logs but not work as well] Only Bats & Forest Succession • Use early successional areas Roosting & water bodies for Foraging foraging • Roost in forests with suitable trees & snags • High quality habitat 1 2 3 4 5 6 Grass- Shrub- Pole- Young Mature Old is close to food, forb seedling sapling growth water, and roosts Successional Stages • Commuting a hassle for bats as well! HABITAT or LIVING QUARTERS: Bats, such as the brown long-eared bat (Plecotus auritus), sometimes roost beneath loose bark http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/images/ic/credit/640x395/b/br/brown_long-eared_bat/brown_long- eared_bat_1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/life/Brown_long- eared_bat&h=395&w=640&sz=44&tbnid=Y6VhPnuaIbpZuM:&tbnh=90&tbnw=146&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dpicture%2Bof%2Bbrown%2Blong- eared%2Bbat%26tbm%3Disch%26tbo%3Du&zoom=1&q=picture+of+brown+long- 9 eared+bat&docid=f60vvXRuSvxvgM&hl=en&sa=X&ei=gJaUT8PKNqmsjALM8Mwu&ved=0CDQQ9QEwAg&dur=1656 3 Bat Day Roosts: Large Living Trees • Exfoliating bark of old trees provides roosts unlike young conifers • Source for large snags • Roosts often are on southern exposures and on forest edges Silver-haired bat photo by J. Scott Altenbach “Some bats roost under slabs of bark Bats have few predators, and human activity causes them the most harm. Some “tree bats”, such as Keen’s Long-eared Myotis, are dependent on old growth forest for roosting.” http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-MtmZOTq8oGw/UZq59NcjYnI/AAAAAAAAHyk/a9XLf6YFWlk/s1600/underbark.jpg http://pellawildlifecompany.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/silver-haired-bat-falls- creek-pest-control.jpg http://www.sierraforestlegacy.org/images/NewsRoom/Silver-haired%20bat.jpg Bat Day Roosts: Large Snags [dead trees] • Provide thermal choices for bats • Cavities provide space for maternity colonies 4 Bats need to drink water and there are more insects to eat around water bodies http://hoothollow.com/Images%20May%202009/Bat%20drinking%20Q%202757.jp; http://hoothollow.com/Image%20Super%20Folder/Images%20- %20Mammal%20Super%20Folder/Mammals%20-%20Bats%20Arizona/Bat%20drinking%20Q_2798.jpg g A little history of small mammals in the Pacific Northwest and why early European settlers thought forests were biological deserts in the western parts of Washington state 12% disturbed by humans http://www.lonewolfguides.com/rifle-elk-deer-combo/ TEMPERATE CONIFEROUS FOREST (Old growth Douglas-fir) 5 12% disturbed by humans TEMPERATE CONIFEROUS FOREST (Old growth Douglas-fir) Why were small mammals, e.g., rodents or rats, not thought to be “GOOD EATS” by most people of Western European ancestry? Plague of 1348-49 spread in London Bubonic plague victims of 14th century London, uncovered in the 1980s in an excavation at the Old Royal Mint. Photograph: Rex Features http://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/aug/17/black-death-rats-off-hook I am the small mammal that carried the fleas that carried the bacteria causing plague!! http://medievaleurope.mrdonn.org/plague.html 6 “Rattus Rattus, the Black Rat: Besides terrorizing many a rodent-phobe, rats have served as vehicles for various human diseases throughout history. Along with fleas, they have been responsible for numerous outbreaks of the bubonic plague” http://www.history.com/topics/black-death/photos RESULT OF the BLACK PLAGUE or DEATH Black Death is estimated to have killed 30–60% of Europe's total population It took 150 years for Start here Europe's population to recover http://www.ucalgary.ca/HIST/ tutor/imagemid/blackdeath.gif 'Ratatouille‘ – cook was a rat with a whisk and a dream http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/tv-movies/ratatouille-gallery-1.99622?pmSlide=1.9977; http://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/13/dining/13rata.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 7 Small Mammals and Bats – There is another side to their story as important animals who need forests as part of their life-cycle • Some characteristics of the fauna – Who are these guys? • A brief natural history of the Insectivores, Rodents, and Bats • Forest environments as habitat – Important habitat elements, their occurrence, and arrangement in space and time • Influences of forest management on communities of small mammals and bats They’re Everywhere… They use every stratum of the forest Species are: – in the ground – on the ground – in the shrubs – in the trees Creeping vole – In the air Golden-mantled ground squirrel • Forest layers are one key to their diversity Townsend’s Big-eared Townsend’s Bat mole hills Steve never talked about these guys: Almost Small… But Still Famous Ermine Mountain beaver Snowshoe hare 8 Mammals in Washington • Most species are small • Most are rodents, shrews, moles, or bats • The most familiar mammals (big and diurnal) are the most uncommon FIRST GROUP: The Shrew-moles They are Insectivores – What does it mean to be an insectivore?? • Shrews, the shrew- mole, and moles Masked shrew • 12 species – nine shrews and three Mole hills moles • Along with bats (flying shrews), the least known of our mammalian fauna Shrew-mole Shrew-mole • A prized oddity of the Pacific Northwest • Smallest mole in North Shrews, America Predators Moles, & • In form and behavior Bats & Large halfway between a Mammals 30% shrew and a mole 20% • Related species in Japan and China Rodents • Common in forests west 50% of the Cascade crest Eats earthworms, insects, snails and slugs 9 Range, Canada it is considered an endangered species Townsend’s mole • Both species larger than shrew- mole & fully subterranean • Feed exclusively on soil invertebrates [these are mostly insects] – not garden plants!! Feeding Habits The Townsend Mole feeds primarily on insect larvae and earthworms. Moles are also known to eat other pest's in the lawn that damage roots of plants. Steve said to give these guys a break since they don’t eat garden Townsend’s mole plants. They are good for us because they eat insects. http://wdfw.wa.gov/living/moles.html Moles: MOLE FACTS: spend almost their entire lives underground . Come to the surface at have small weak eyes, small hips for night to search for food, turning around in tight places nesting material, and velvety fur that is reversible to make new territories backing up easy. Because secluded life underground and their strong, musky odor, moles are unpalatable to most mammalian predators; however, raccoons and coyotes do dig them out, presumably to eat them Townsend’s . Moles are also killed by mole hill domestic dogs and cats, but rarely eaten Moles are fast diggers - . Maximum life span tunnel at a rate of 15 ranges from four to six feet per hour. years. http://wdfw.wa.gov/living/moles.html Mammals in Washington Shrews, Predators Moles, & • Most species are small & Large Bats • Most are rodents, Mammals 30% shrews, moles, or bats 20% • The most familiar mammals (big and Rodents diurnal) are the most 50% uncommon 10 SECOND GROUP: The Rodents according to Professor West • If God is inordinately fond of beetles, rodents must also be on the list… • More rodents worldwide than any other group • 50% of Washington’s terrestrial mammals are rodents (51 species) Columbian ground squirrel Squirrels: Chipmunks • Familiar to most people as they are BLEND IN WITH FOREST fairly large, diurnal – COLOR: active during the day Townsend’s chipmunk – west time, distinctively side forests marked • Three species in Washington forests • Feed on variety of BLEND IN WITH plant material, esp.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Pacific Water Shrew Sorex Bendirii
    COSEWIC Assessment and Update Status Report on the Pacific Water Shrew Sorex bendirii in Canada ENDANGERED 2006 COSEWIC COSEPAC COMMITTEE ON THE STATUS OF COMITÉ SUR LA SITUATION ENDANGERED WILDLIFE DES ESPÈCES EN PÉRIL IN CANADA AU CANADA COSEWIC status reports are working documents used in assigning the status of wildlife species suspected of being at risk. This report may be cited as follows: COSEWIC 2006. COSEWIC assessment and update status report on the Pacific watershrew Sorex bendirii in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. vi + 28 pp. (www.sararegistry.gc.ca/status/status_e.cfm). Previous report: Galindo-Leal, C. and J.B. Runciman. 1994. COSEWIC status report on the Pacific water shrew Sorex bendirii in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. 1-33 pp. Production note: COSEWIC would like to acknowledge David Nagorsen for writing the update status report on the Pacific water shrew Sorex bendirii, prepared under contract with Environment Canada, and overseen and edited by Mark Brigham, Co-chair (Terrestrial Mammals), COSEWIC Terrestrial Mammals Species Specialist Subcommittee. For additional copies contact: COSEWIC Secretariat c/o Canadian Wildlife Service Environment Canada Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3 Tel.: (819) 997-4991 / (819) 953-3215 Fax: (819) 994-3684 E-mail: COSEWIC/[email protected] http://www.cosewic.gc.ca Également disponible en français sous le titre Évaluation et Rapport de situation du COSEPAC sur la musaraigne de Bendire (Sorex bendirii) au Canada – Mise à jour. Cover illustration: Pacific water shrew – by Ron Altig. ©Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada 2006 Catalogue No.
    [Show full text]
  • Mammal Species Native to the USA and Canada for Which the MIL Has an Image (296) 31 July 2021
    Mammal species native to the USA and Canada for which the MIL has an image (296) 31 July 2021 ARTIODACTYLA (includes CETACEA) (38) ANTILOCAPRIDAE - pronghorns Antilocapra americana - Pronghorn BALAENIDAE - bowheads and right whales 1. Balaena mysticetus – Bowhead Whale BALAENOPTERIDAE -rorqual whales 1. Balaenoptera acutorostrata – Common Minke Whale 2. Balaenoptera borealis - Sei Whale 3. Balaenoptera brydei - Bryde’s Whale 4. Balaenoptera musculus - Blue Whale 5. Balaenoptera physalus - Fin Whale 6. Eschrichtius robustus - Gray Whale 7. Megaptera novaeangliae - Humpback Whale BOVIDAE - cattle, sheep, goats, and antelopes 1. Bos bison - American Bison 2. Oreamnos americanus - Mountain Goat 3. Ovibos moschatus - Muskox 4. Ovis canadensis - Bighorn Sheep 5. Ovis dalli - Thinhorn Sheep CERVIDAE - deer 1. Alces alces - Moose 2. Cervus canadensis - Wapiti (Elk) 3. Odocoileus hemionus - Mule Deer 4. Odocoileus virginianus - White-tailed Deer 5. Rangifer tarandus -Caribou DELPHINIDAE - ocean dolphins 1. Delphinus delphis - Common Dolphin 2. Globicephala macrorhynchus - Short-finned Pilot Whale 3. Grampus griseus - Risso's Dolphin 4. Lagenorhynchus albirostris - White-beaked Dolphin 5. Lissodelphis borealis - Northern Right-whale Dolphin 6. Orcinus orca - Killer Whale 7. Peponocephala electra - Melon-headed Whale 8. Pseudorca crassidens - False Killer Whale 9. Sagmatias obliquidens - Pacific White-sided Dolphin 10. Stenella coeruleoalba - Striped Dolphin 11. Stenella frontalis – Atlantic Spotted Dolphin 12. Steno bredanensis - Rough-toothed Dolphin 13. Tursiops truncatus - Common Bottlenose Dolphin MONODONTIDAE - narwhals, belugas 1. Delphinapterus leucas - Beluga 2. Monodon monoceros - Narwhal PHOCOENIDAE - porpoises 1. Phocoena phocoena - Harbor Porpoise 2. Phocoenoides dalli - Dall’s Porpoise PHYSETERIDAE - sperm whales Physeter macrocephalus – Sperm Whale TAYASSUIDAE - peccaries Dicotyles tajacu - Collared Peccary CARNIVORA (48) CANIDAE - dogs 1. Canis latrans - Coyote 2.
    [Show full text]
  • MAMMALS of WASHINGTON Order DIDELPHIMORPHIA
    MAMMALS OF WASHINGTON If there is no mention of regions, the species occurs throughout the state. Order DIDELPHIMORPHIA (New World opossums) DIDELPHIDAE (New World opossums) Didelphis virginiana, Virginia Opossum. Wooded habitats. Widespread in W lowlands, very local E; introduced from E U.S. Order INSECTIVORA (insectivores) SORICIDAE (shrews) Sorex cinereus, Masked Shrew. Moist forested habitats. Olympic Peninsula, Cascades, and NE corner. Sorex preblei, Preble's Shrew. Conifer forest. Blue Mountains in Garfield Co.; rare. Sorex vagrans, Vagrant Shrew. Marshes, meadows, and moist forest. Sorex monticolus, Montane Shrew. Forests. Cascades to coast, NE corner, and Blue Mountains. Sorex palustris, Water Shrew. Mountain streams and pools. Olympics, Cascades, NE corner, and Blue Mountains. Sorex bendirii, Pacific Water Shrew. Marshes and stream banks. W of Cascades. Sorex trowbridgii, Trowbridge's Shrew. Forests. Cascades to coast. Sorex merriami, Merriam's Shrew. Shrub steppe and grasslands. Columbia basin and foothills of Blue Mountains. Sorex hoyi, Pygmy Shrew. Many habitats. NE corner (known only from S Stevens Co.), rare. TALPIDAE (moles) Neurotrichus gibbsii, Shrew-mole. Moist forests. Cascades to coast. Scapanus townsendii, Townsend's Mole. Meadows. W lowlands. Scapanus orarius, Coast Mole. Most habitats. W lowlands, central E Cascades slopes, and Blue Mountains foothills. Order CHIROPTERA (bats) VESPERTILIONIDAE (vespertilionid bats) Myotis lucifugus, Little Brown Myotis. Roosts in buildings and caves. Myotis yumanensis, Yuma Myotis. All habitats near water, roosting in trees, buildings, and caves. Myotis keenii, Keen's Myotis. Forests, roosting in tree cavities and cliff crevices. Olympic Peninsula. Myotis evotis, Long-eared Myotis. Conifer forests, roosting in tree cavities, caves and buildings; also watercourses in arid regions.
    [Show full text]
  • Terrestrial Mammal Species of Special Concern in California, Bolster, BC, Ed., 1998
    Terrestrial Mammal Species of Special Concern in California, Bolster, B.C., Ed., 1998 147 Watch List Accounts Salinas ornate shrew, Sorex ornatus salaries Paul W. Collins Museum records of S. o. salarius extend from the vicinity of the mouth of the Pajaro River (Watsonville Slough), Santa Cruz County (Rudd 1948), south along the immediate coast to Carmel (Von Bloeker 1939). This subspecies was originally described as inhabiting coastal salt-marshes and adjacent sandhill areas in the vicinity of Monterey and Carmel bays, Monterey County (Von Bloeker 1938, 1939). According to Williams (1986), it occupies riparian, wetland and upland terrestrial communities in the vicinity of the Salinas River Delta. The capture of 61 ornate shrews near the Salinas River mouth in July 1990 with 700 trap-nights of effort suggests that S. o. salarius may still be common in the area (J. Maldonado pers. comm.). More recent data than these on the distribution and status of this subspecies were not available during the preparation of this document. Although the Salinas ornate shrew has a restricted distribution in a region under pressure from urban and agricultural developments, it occupies a diversity of habitats, and much of the remaining coastal salt marshes within its geographic range are protected from development. Recent surveys indicate it is still common. Rudd (1948) and Junge and Hoffmann (1981) questioned the currently accepted taxonomy of ornate shrews from the vicinity of Monterey Bay. A more extensive range-wide genetic and morphologic evaluation of ornate shrews is currently under way (Maldonado pers. comm.). Results of that study should help to clarify whether ornate shrews from the vicinity of Monterey Bay warrant subspecific recognition.
    [Show full text]
  • List of 28 Orders, 129 Families, 598 Genera and 1121 Species in Mammal Images Library 31 December 2013
    What the American Society of Mammalogists has in the images library LIST OF 28 ORDERS, 129 FAMILIES, 598 GENERA AND 1121 SPECIES IN MAMMAL IMAGES LIBRARY 31 DECEMBER 2013 AFROSORICIDA (5 genera, 5 species) – golden moles and tenrecs CHRYSOCHLORIDAE - golden moles Chrysospalax villosus - Rough-haired Golden Mole TENRECIDAE - tenrecs 1. Echinops telfairi - Lesser Hedgehog Tenrec 2. Hemicentetes semispinosus – Lowland Streaked Tenrec 3. Microgale dobsoni - Dobson’s Shrew Tenrec 4. Tenrec ecaudatus – Tailless Tenrec ARTIODACTYLA (83 genera, 142 species) – paraxonic (mostly even-toed) ungulates ANTILOCAPRIDAE - pronghorns Antilocapra americana - Pronghorn BOVIDAE (46 genera) - cattle, sheep, goats, and antelopes 1. Addax nasomaculatus - Addax 2. Aepyceros melampus - Impala 3. Alcelaphus buselaphus - Hartebeest 4. Alcelaphus caama – Red Hartebeest 5. Ammotragus lervia - Barbary Sheep 6. Antidorcas marsupialis - Springbok 7. Antilope cervicapra – Blackbuck 8. Beatragus hunter – Hunter’s Hartebeest 9. Bison bison - American Bison 10. Bison bonasus - European Bison 11. Bos frontalis - Gaur 12. Bos javanicus - Banteng 13. Bos taurus -Auroch 14. Boselaphus tragocamelus - Nilgai 15. Bubalus bubalis - Water Buffalo 16. Bubalus depressicornis - Anoa 17. Bubalus quarlesi - Mountain Anoa 18. Budorcas taxicolor - Takin 19. Capra caucasica - Tur 20. Capra falconeri - Markhor 21. Capra hircus - Goat 22. Capra nubiana – Nubian Ibex 23. Capra pyrenaica – Spanish Ibex 24. Capricornis crispus – Japanese Serow 25. Cephalophus jentinki - Jentink's Duiker 26. Cephalophus natalensis – Red Duiker 1 What the American Society of Mammalogists has in the images library 27. Cephalophus niger – Black Duiker 28. Cephalophus rufilatus – Red-flanked Duiker 29. Cephalophus silvicultor - Yellow-backed Duiker 30. Cephalophus zebra - Zebra Duiker 31. Connochaetes gnou - Black Wildebeest 32. Connochaetes taurinus - Blue Wildebeest 33. Damaliscus korrigum – Topi 34.
    [Show full text]
  • Mammalogy Lab 2: Didelphimorphia and Soricomorpha (Opossums
    Mammalogy Lab 2: Didelphimorphia and Soricomorpha (opossums, shrews and moles) Order Didelphimorphia, Family Didelphidae—American opossums Virginia opossum—Didelphis virginiana 1) dental formula = I5/4 C1/1 P3/3 M4/4 2) prominent sagittal crest 3) fenestrated palatines 4) angular process medial from mandible Didelphis virginiana • Up to 25 young in a litter • 2g at birth • ~ 3 months in the pouch • ~ 8-9 young emerge • Only species in the Didelphidae that ranges north into the US & Canada • Omnivorous – insects, beetles, small mammals and birds, grain, berries and fruits, grass, carrion… garbage! Order Soricomorpha, Family Soricidae—shrews 1) incomplete zygomatic arches 2) at least some teeth tipped with red or black 3) cheek teeth dilambdodont 4) bicuspid I1 Soricidae • Need to eat every few hours – very fast metabolism • Eat twice their own body weight daily! • Rarely live longer than 18 months • Several large litters • Red on teeth is iron – differential wear creates sharp cutting edges pygmy shrew—Sorex (Microsorex) hoyi 4 1 2 1) only 3 unicuspids readily visible from side Sorex hoyi • Smaller (1-3g) in southern parts of range • Larger (4-7g) in Alaska and Northern regions • Variable habitat – open fields to wooded slope; wet and dry soils • Range across Canada and northern USA • Quite rare – abundance underestimated due to trapping methods? (pitfall traps better than typical small mammal traps) water shrew—Sorex palustris 1) skull length > 19 mm 2) rostrum short, relative to S. bendirii Pacific water shrew—Sorex bendirii 1) skull length > 19 mm 2) rostrum longer and more downcurved, relative to S. palustris Sorex palustris Adapted for swimming – stiff hairs on feet increase SA for aquatic propulsion.
    [Show full text]
  • Life History Account for Vagrant Shrew
    California Wildlife Habitat Relationships System California Department of Fish and Wildlife California Interagency Wildlife Task Group VAGRANT SHREW Sorex vagrans Family: SORICIDAE Order: INSECTIVORA Class: MAMMALIA M003 Written by: J. Harris Reviewed by: H. Shellhammer Edited by: S. Granholm, R. Duke Updated by: CWHR Program Staff, May 2000 DISTRIBUTION, ABUNDANCE, AND SEASONALITY The vagrant shrew is common to abundant in the Sierra Nevada and Cascades from the Oregon border to northern Inyo Co., and along the coast from the Oregon border to Monterey Bay. Optimal habitats are valley foothill and montane riparian, aspen, wet meadow, annual and perennial grasslands, and fresh and saline emergent wetlands. Also occurs in a variety of chaparral and wooded habitats. Vagrant shrews can be found in California from sea level to 3750 m (12,000 ft) (Findley 1999). SPECIFIC HABITAT REQUIREMENTS Feeding: Feeds mainly on invertebrates: insects, worms, snails, slugs, and spiders. Also eats fungi, small mammals, roots, young shoots, and probably seeds. Forages under litter on moist surfaces, underground, and in moist accumulations of dead plant material. Whitaker et al. (1983) reported it ate more flying insects and caterpillars, and fewer terrestrial insects and worms, when grazing pressure was heavy. Cover: Prefers dense litter or ground cover. Uses vole runways. Reproduction: Makes a nest of dry grass, moss, or other materials under logs, roots, or dense vegetation. (Findley 1999). Water: This species may require water. Clothier (1955) reported that vagrant shrews were not found farther than 180 m (600 ft) from water. Pattern: Prefers patchy, open areas with wet micro-habitats such as damp meadows and streambanks.
    [Show full text]
  • Provisional List of Mammals for Bridle Trails State Park
    Provisional List of Mammals for Bridle Trails State Park Mammals known to be or potentially occurring in the park. Compiled by Jim Erckmann July 2011 from lists and distribution information published by Burke Museum and list developed by Dr. Dennis Paulson, Director Emeritus, Slater Museum * Introduced X Observed Notes Order DIDELPHIMORPHIA (New World opossums) DIDELPHIDAE (New World opossums) X Didelphis virginiana , Virginia Opossum * Order INSECTIVORA (insectivores) SORICIDAE (shrews) X Sorex vagrans , Vagrant Shrew Sorex monticolus , Montane Shrew Sorex trowbridgii , Trowbridge's Shrew TALPIDAE (moles) X Neurotrichus gibbsii , Shrew-mole X Scapanus townsendii , Townsend's Mole Scapanus orarius , Coast Mole Order CHIROPTERA (bats) VESPERTILIONIDAE (vespertilionid bats) Myotis lucifugus , Little Brown Myotis Myotis yumanensis , Yuma Myotis Myotis evotis , Long-eared Myotis Myotis volans , Long-legged Myotis Myotis californicus , California Myotis Lasiurus cinereus , Hoary Bat Lasionycteris noctivagans , Silver-haired Bat Eptesicus fuscus , Big Brown Bat Order LAGOMORPHA (lagomorphs) LEPORIDAE (hares and rabbits) X Sylvilagus floridanus , Eastern Cottontail * Mammals of BTSP_rev3 2020 Page 1 of 2 July 2011 Notes Order RODENTIA (rodents) APLODONTIDAE (mountain beaver) X Aplodontia rufa , Mountain Beaver SCIURIDAE (squirrels) X Tamias townsendii , Townsend's Chipmunk X Sciurus carolinensis , Eastern Gray Squirrel * X Tamiasciurus douglasii , Douglas' Squirrel Glaucomys sabrinus , Northern Flying Squirrel MURIDAE (rats and mice) x Peromyscus maniculatus , Deer Mouse Peromyscus keeni , Forest Deer Mouse Microtus oregoni , Creeping Vole X Rattus rattus , Black Rat * Rattus norvegicus , Norway Rat * Mus musculus , House Mouse * DIPODIDAE (jumping mice) Zapus trinotatus , Pacific Jumping Mouse ERETHIZONTIDAE (Porcupines) X Erethizon dorsatum, North American Porcupine Order CARNIVORA (carnivores) CANIDAE (canids) X Canis latrans , Coyote Breeds in park URSIDAE (bears) X Ursus americanus , American Black Bear.
    [Show full text]
  • Conservation Assessment for the Pygmy Shrew in Washington Page 1
    Conservation Assessment for the Pygmy Shrew (Sorex hoyi hoyi) in Washington Jennifer Gervais June 2015 Oregon Wildlife Institute Interagency Special Status and Sensitive Species Program USDA Forest Service Region 6, Oregon and Washington USDI Bureau of Land Management, Oregon and Washington Disclaimer This Conservation Assessment was prepared to compile the published and unpublished information on the pygmy shrew (Sorex hoyi hoyi). If you have information that will assist in conserving this species or questions concerning this Conservation Assessment, please contact the interagency Conservation Planning Coordinator for Region 6 Forest Service, BLM OR/WA in Portland, Oregon, via the Interagency Special Status and Sensitive Species Program website at http://www.fs.fed.us/r6/sfpnw/issssp/contactus/ EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Species: Pygmy shrew (Sorex hoyi hoyi) Taxonomic Group: Mammal Management Status: This species is given a conservation status of “least concern” by the IUCN, and it has no Federal status in the United States. NatureServe (2012) ranks this species as a G5, indicating the species is secure globally. However, the Washington Natural Heritage Program ranks the species as S2S3 for the state, classifying the species as rare or uncommon, imperiled and very vulnerable to extirpation. Based on this state rank, the species is considered a Sensitive species for the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and Forest Service in Washington State. The species is considered to be documented on Spokane BLM lands, and the Colville National Forest suspects this species to occur on their lands. In Washington, there are approximately 120 records of this species’ occurrence (e.g., Stinson and Reichel 1985, Stinson 1987, Hallett and O’Connell 1997, O’Connell et al.
    [Show full text]
  • SHREWS Robert H
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln The aH ndbook: Prevention and Control of Wildlife Wildlife Damage Management, Internet Center for Damage 1-1-1994 SHREWS Robert H. Schmidt Utah State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/icwdmhandbook Part of the Environmental Sciences Commons Schmidt, Robert H., "SHREWS" (1994). The Handbook: Prevention and Control of Wildlife Damage. 55. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/icwdmhandbook/55 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Wildlife Damage Management, Internet Center for at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in The aH ndbook: Prevention and Control of Wildlife Damage by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Robert H. Schmidt Assistant Professor Department of Fisheries and Wildlife SHREWS Utah State University Logan, Utah 84322-5210 Fig. 1. A masked shrew, Sorex cinereus Identification Damage Prevention and Fumigants The shrew is a small, mouse-sized Control Methods None are registered. mammal with an elongated snout, a Trapping dense fur of uniform color, small eyes, Exclusion and five clawed toes on each foot (Fig. Mouse trap (snap trap). Rodent-proof structures also exclude 1). Its skull, compared to that of shrews. Small box trap. rodents, is long, narrow, and lacks the zygomatic arch on the lateral side Cultural Methods Pit trap. characteristic of rodents. The teeth are Mowing may decrease preferred Shooting small, sharp, and commonly dark- tipped. Pigmentation on the tips of the habitat and food. Not practical. teeth is caused by deposition of iron in Repellents Other Methods the outer enamel.
    [Show full text]
  • Buena Vista Lake Ornate Shrew Species Status Assessment
    Buena Vista Lake Ornate Shrew Species Status Assessment August 2020 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Region 10 Sacramento, California Version 1.0 GENERAL SUMMARY In this Species Status Assessment (SSA) we (the US Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS)) assess the current and future viability of the Buena Vista Lake ornate shrew (BVLOS, “the shrew,” Sorex ornatus relictus). “Viability” refers to the ability of a species or subspecies to avoid extinction. Three factors contribute to viability: resiliency, redundancy, and representation. These refer to the ability of populations to withstand environmental and demographic stochasticity and disturbances, the ability of the species to recover from catastrophic losses, and the ability of the species to maintain representative genetic variation, thereby allowing it to adapt to novel environmental changes (Shaffer and Stein 2000, pp. 308-311). The BVLOS is a small mammal known from 11 sites in the southern portion of the San Joaquin Valley, California (the Tulare Basin). They require moist soils, dense groundcover, and diverse prey populations of insects, earthworms, and other small invertebrates. The known occupied sites constitute remnant patches of wetland and riparian habitat, which were considerably more extensive prior to development of the region for agriculture in the early- 1900s. We listed the BVLOS as endangered in 2002 and designated critical habitat for it in 2013. Important stressors influencing the viability of the subspecies include agricultural and urban development, insufficient water supply, potentially toxic levels of selenium in various water sources, pesticides, and inbreeding depression. Despite these stressors, BVLOS currently shows greater redundancy and representation than what was known at the time of listing.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Taxa for Which MIL Has Images
    LIST OF 27 ORDERS, 163 FAMILIES, 887 GENERA, AND 2064 SPECIES IN MAMMAL IMAGES LIBRARY 31 JULY 2021 AFROSORICIDA (9 genera, 12 species) CHRYSOCHLORIDAE - golden moles 1. Amblysomus hottentotus - Hottentot Golden Mole 2. Chrysospalax villosus - Rough-haired Golden Mole 3. Eremitalpa granti - Grant’s Golden Mole TENRECIDAE - tenrecs 1. Echinops telfairi - Lesser Hedgehog Tenrec 2. Hemicentetes semispinosus - Lowland Streaked Tenrec 3. Microgale cf. longicaudata - Lesser Long-tailed Shrew Tenrec 4. Microgale cowani - Cowan’s Shrew Tenrec 5. Microgale mergulus - Web-footed Tenrec 6. Nesogale cf. talazaci - Talazac’s Shrew Tenrec 7. Nesogale dobsoni - Dobson’s Shrew Tenrec 8. Setifer setosus - Greater Hedgehog Tenrec 9. Tenrec ecaudatus - Tailless Tenrec ARTIODACTYLA (127 genera, 308 species) ANTILOCAPRIDAE - pronghorns Antilocapra americana - Pronghorn BALAENIDAE - bowheads and right whales 1. Balaena mysticetus – Bowhead Whale 2. Eubalaena australis - Southern Right Whale 3. Eubalaena glacialis – North Atlantic Right Whale 4. Eubalaena japonica - North Pacific Right Whale BALAENOPTERIDAE -rorqual whales 1. Balaenoptera acutorostrata – Common Minke Whale 2. Balaenoptera borealis - Sei Whale 3. Balaenoptera brydei – Bryde’s Whale 4. Balaenoptera musculus - Blue Whale 5. Balaenoptera physalus - Fin Whale 6. Balaenoptera ricei - Rice’s Whale 7. Eschrichtius robustus - Gray Whale 8. Megaptera novaeangliae - Humpback Whale BOVIDAE (54 genera) - cattle, sheep, goats, and antelopes 1. Addax nasomaculatus - Addax 2. Aepyceros melampus - Common Impala 3. Aepyceros petersi - Black-faced Impala 4. Alcelaphus caama - Red Hartebeest 5. Alcelaphus cokii - Kongoni (Coke’s Hartebeest) 6. Alcelaphus lelwel - Lelwel Hartebeest 7. Alcelaphus swaynei - Swayne’s Hartebeest 8. Ammelaphus australis - Southern Lesser Kudu 9. Ammelaphus imberbis - Northern Lesser Kudu 10. Ammodorcas clarkei - Dibatag 11. Ammotragus lervia - Aoudad (Barbary Sheep) 12.
    [Show full text]