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Avrasya Etüdleri AVRASYA ETÜDLERİ 50 2016-2 BALKANLAR ÖZEL SAYISI TİKA T.C. BAŞBAKANLIK Türk İşbirliği ve Koordinasyon Ajansı Başkanlığı Turkish Cooperation and Coordination Agency Avrasya Etüdleri hakemli bir dergidir. TÜBİTAK/ULAKBİM SBVT tarafından taranmakta ve dizinlenmektedir. Türk İşbirliği ve Koordinasyon Ajansı Başkanlığı tarafından yılda iki kez yayımlanır. Dergide ifade edilen görüş ve fikirler yalnızca yazarlarına aittir; Türk İşbirliği ve Koordinasyon Ajansı Başkanlığının düşünce ve politikasını yansıtan metinler olarak değerlendirilemez. Kapak Fotoğraf: Drina Köprüsü ISSN 1300-1604 İletişim TİKA, GMK Bulvarı No:140 Çankaya-ANKARA Tel: +90(312)9397000 ● Faks: +90(312)9397515-16 [email protected] ● www.tika.gov.tr AVRASYA ETÜDLERİ Yıl: 22, Sayı: 50 (2016/2) TİKA Adına Sahibi Dr. Serdar ÇAM Başkan Yayın Kurulu Dr. Serdar ÇAM Mehmet Süreyya ER Dr. Zülküf ORUÇ Tolga KESKİN Yazı İşleri Müdürü Dr. Zülküf ORUÇ Editör Dr. Mehmet KAHRAMAN ([email protected]) ([email protected]) Konu Editörü Prof. Dr. Rıdvan CANIM ([email protected]) Danışma Kurulu Prof. Dr. Mehmet AKKUŞ Ankara Üniversitesi Yrd. Doç. Dr. Bülent AKYAY Trakya Üniversitesi Prof. Dr. Rıdvan CANIM Trakya Üniversitesi Prof. Dr. Ömer ÇAHA Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi Prof. Dr. Uğur DOĞAN Ankara Üniversitesi Yrd. Doç. Dr. Mehmet DOĞAN Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Prof. Dr. Saadettin GÖMEÇ Ankara Üniversitesi Prof. Dr. Ramazan GÖZEN Marmara Üniversitesi Prof. Dr. Ömer Soner HUNKAN Trakya Üniversitesi Prof. Dr. Nihat IŞIK Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Yrd. Doç. Dr. Şükrü İNAN İnönü Üniversitesi Doç. Dr. Aşkın KOYUNCU Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Yrd. Doç. Dr. Cengiz SAMUR Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Prof. Dr. Fikret TÜRKMEN Ege Üniversitesi Prof. Dr. Nasuh USLU Sosyal Bilimler Üniversitesi Prof. Dr. Ahmet UZUN Akdeniz Üniversitesi Prof. Dr. Ekrem YILDIZ Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Baskı: Hangar Marka İletişim Reklam Hizmetleri Yayıncılık Ltd. Şti. Konur Sokak 57/4 Kızılay / Ankara Tel: (0312) 425 07 34 Faks: (0312) 425 07 36 İçindekiler / Contents Zerrin TORUN Strengths and Weaknesses of the European Union Police Mission in Bosnia-Herzegovina / 7-24 Bosna-Hersek’teki Avrupa Birliği Polis Operasyonu’nun Güçlü ve Zayıf Yönleri Ali HÜSEYİNOĞLU Past and present of Islam in the Balkans: The case of Greece / 25-48 Balkanlarda İslam’ın Dünü ve Bugünü: Yunanistan Örneği Utku KIRLIDÖKME Yunanistan’ın Türkiye Algısı Çerçevesinde Oluşan Balkan Politikası / 49-72 Greece’s Balkan Policy in the Frame of the Perception of Turkey Kader ÖZLEM Bulgaristan Romanlarının Güncel Sorunlarına Yönelik Bir Değerlendirme / 73-97 An Evaluation About the Current Problems of the Romans of Bulgaria İrfan KALAYCI - Barış AYTEKİN Türkiye-Balkan İlişkileri Üzerine (Geçmişten Geleceğe) Ekonomi-Politik Notlar / 99-126 Political Economy Notes (From Past to Future) on Turkey – Balkans Relationships Engin ÇAĞMAN 18. Yüzyılın İkinci Yarısında İstanbul’un İaşesinde Balkanlar ve Karadeniz’in Önemi / 127-151 The Importance of the Balkans and the Black Sea in the Provisioning of Istanbul During the Second Half of the 18th Century Mümin Yaşarov İSOV Bulgaristan’da Balkanolojinin Kurumsal Araştırma ve Eğitimsel Gelişimindeki İlk Teşebbüsler / 153-180 Initial Steps of Organizing Balkanistic Science in Bulgaria Ali DİKİCİ Bosna Savaşı’nda Srebrenica Savunmasının Komutanı Naser Oriç’in Hikâyesi / 181-217 The Story of Naser Orić who Defended Srebrenica during the War in Bosnia Fatma RODOPLU İkinci Bulgar Devleti’nin Kuruluşunda Kumanların Rolü / 219-234 The Role of Cumans in the Foundation of the Second Bulgarian State Vahit Cemil URHAN Ayastefanos ve Berlin Antlaşmaları Sürecinde Karadağ’ın Bağımsızlığını Kazanması / 235-258 Gaining Independence of Montenegro in the Process of San Stefano and Berlin Treaties Mustafa BUDAK Balkanlarda Osmanlı Hoşgörüsü mü Osmanlı Adaleti mi? / 259-277 Is the Ottoman Justice or the Ottoman Tolerance in Balkans? Selim Hilmi ÖZKAN Balkanlar’da Bir Osmanlı Şehri: Sofya (1385-1878) / 279-314 An Ottoman City in the Balkans: Sofia (1385-1878) Mustafa KAHRAMANYOL - Fahriye EMGİLİ Tito ve Balkan Siyaseti / 315-349 Tito and Balkan Politics Djuneis NURESKİ Osmanlı'dan Günümüze Makedonya’daki Türk Kültürü ve Makedonya’nın Türk Kültür Tarihindeki Yeri ve Önemi / 351-388 Turkish Culture In Macedonia From The Ottomans Until Today And The Importance Of Macedonia In Turkish Cultural History Meral JAHJAİ Osmanlɪ Yazɪsɪ İle Yazɪlan Arnavut Edebiyatɪnɪn Dini Karakteri / 389-404 Albanian Literature with the Ottoman Language Written in Religious Characters Hüseyin MEVSİM Yazarın Kahramanına Âşık Olma Hâli: Vera ve Cem Olayı / 405-418 The Author Who Fell in Love with Her Character: Vera and Cem Case İbrahim GÜLTEKİN Sevdalinka Sevdalinka mıdır? / 419-452 Is Sevdalinka Sevdalinka? Musa DEMİR İvo Andriç’in Drina Köprüsü Adlı Romanında Osmanlı Algısına Genel Bir Bakış / 453-470 A General Overview to Ottoman Perception in the Novel Drina Bridge by Ivo Andric Mehmet KAHRAMAN Türk Anlatı Geleneği ve Saltıknâme / 471-489 Turkish Narrative Tradition and Saltıknâme Mustafa BALCI Necati Cumalı’nın Dila Hanım Kitabında Dil ve Üslup / 491-506 Language and Style in Dila Hanım by Necati Cumalı Selma SOL Kadının Dönüşüm Mekânı: Rumeli Türküleri Örneği / 507-528 Women’s Transformatıon Space: The Case of Rumeli Folk Songs Deniz MELANLIOĞLU Bosna Hersek Örneğinde Yabancı Dil Olarak Türkçe Öğrenen Çocukların Dinleme Alışkanlıkları / 529-546 The Listening Habits of Children Learning Turkish as a Foreign Language: An Example from Bosnia and Herzegovina T.C. Türk İşbirliği ve Koordinasyon Ajansı Başkanlığı Türk Cooperation and Koordination Agency AVRASYA ETÜDLERİ 50/2016-2 (7-24) Strengths and Weaknesses of the European Union Police Mission in Bosnia-Herzegovina Zerrin TORUN1 Abstract This article analyses the strengths and weaknesses of the European Union Police Mission in Bosnia-Herzegovina. First, it provides an overview of the mission through the changes in its mandates. Then, it outlines the mission’s performance with a view to present its achievements and failures. Third, it focuses on the problems the mission faced with regard to coherence and local ownership. The article argues that the mission shows the importance of coordination between different instruments of the EU and the degree to which the host society embraces reform initiatives. During the mission’s lifetime the problem regarding the coordination between the EU missions in the field was resolved; however, police reform could not be followed through due to the intransigence of local actors. Keywords: European Union Police Mission, Bosnia-Herzegovina, EUFOR Althea, Police Reform. 1 Assist. Prof. Dr., Middle East Technical University, Department of International Relations, zerrin@metu. edu.tr 8 Bosna-Hersek’teki Avrupa Birliği Polis Operasyonu’nun Güçlü ve Zayıf Yönleri Öz Bu makale Bosna-Hersek’teki Avrupa Birliği Polis Operasyonu’nun güçlü ve zayıf yönlerini incelemektedir. Öncelikle, değişen görev tanımları üzerinden operasyonun çerçevesi sunulacaktır. Daha sonra, başardıkları ve başaramadıklarını sunmak üzere operasyonun ulaştığı ve ulaşamadığı hedeflerin özeti sunulacaktır. Üçüncü olarak, operasyonun tutarlılık ve yerel sahiplenme bakımından karşılaştığı sorunlara yoğunlaşılacaktır. Makale, bu operasyonun AB’nin farklı enstrümanları arasındaki eşgüdümün ve reform girişimlerinin yerel halk tarafından ne kadar benimsendiğinin önemini gösterdiğini iddia etmektedir. Operasyon süresince, alandaki AB operasyonları arasındaki eşgüdüm sorunu çözülse de, polis reformu yerel aktörlerin izin vermemesi sebebiyle devam ettirilememiştir. Anahtar kelimeler: Avrupa Birliği Polis Operasyonu, Bosna-Hersek, EUFOR Althea, Polis Reformu 9 1. Introduction The European Union’s Security and Defence Policy was developed in response to the Union’s failures in dealing with the disintegration of Yugo- slavia. The fact that the EU did not have capabilities to prevent and stop the wars in its neighbourhood provided the impetus for establishing the in- stitutional structure for this new policy in 1999. As a result of the neutral (explain) and Nordic member states’ insistence, ESDP comprised of both military and civilian capabilities. The civilian crisis management tools were developed in order to deploy rule of law, police, civil administration and civil protection missions. The EU decided a police headline goal to have 5000 police officers by 2003 and welcomed the creation of a Committee for Civilian Crisis Man- agement (CIVCOM) at the Feira European Council in June 2000. Following this a Police Action Plan was adopted at the Gothenburg European Council in June 2001. In December 2001 at the European Council in Laeken the EU declared the operational capability of ESDP.2 In mid-2001 the UN Special Representative of the Secretary General (SRSG) in Bosnia- Herzegovina (BiH), Ambassador Jacques-Paul Klein during his visit to the Council Secretariat of the European Union suggested that the EU take over the task of international policing in BiH. This led to preparations in the Council Secretariat, and in the autumn of 2001 an explor- atory mission composed of officials from both the Council Secretariat and the European Commission was sent to Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Coun- cil Secretariat delegation in this mission recommended that the EU should take over the responsibility of international policing after the United Nations (UN). In March 2002 the Council formally decided to launch EUPM – the EU’s first ESDP mission. Then, a planning team was established. On the basis an agreement between
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