THE StaffordshireNorth Staffordshir e Field Club.

ANNUAL REPORT

AND TRANSACTIONSampleCountyS 1907-1908.

EDITED BY

W. WELLS BLADEN, Studies

Honorary Secretary.

VOL. XLII.

STAFFORD :

T. & C. MORT, LTD., PRINTERS, 39, GREENGATM STREET.

1908.

CONTENTS.

TAGli. Council for 1908-9 5 Excursions and Evening Meetings, 1908-9 ...... 7 Past Presidents 8 Garner Medal Awards ...... 9 Treasurer's Accounts ...... 11 Members ...... 13 Associated Societies ...... 29 Rules 31 Garner Memorial Rules...... 33 Annual Report—WSample. Wells BladeCountyn 36 Report of Museum Sub-Committee and The Ward Memorial Committee ...... 40 President's Address—W. D. Spanton, F.R.C.S 42 Report of Delegate to British Association—John R. B. Masefield, M.A 58 Zoological Report—John R. B. Masefield ...... 61 Staffordshire Bats—John R. B. Maseficld Studies68 Notes on the Habits of the Common Lizard and Blind- Worm—B. Bryan.. .. 74 Entomological Report.—E. D. Bostock, F.E.S. .. .. 82 Botanical Report—W. T. B. Ridge, F.C.S 85 Geological Report—F. Barke, F.G.S...... 89 Meteorological Report—W. Wells Bladen 90 Archaeological Report—C. Lynam, F.S.A...... 94 An Ancient Churchyard Cross at Rolleston—C. Lynam .. 99 Some Ancient Sites in North Staffordshire—Rev. T. Barns, M.A 103 Photographic and Sketching Report—E. B. Wain and W. H. Rider 149 Old Church Towers of Staffordshire—J. H. Beckett, A.R.I.B.A. 156 CONTENTS—continued.

EXCURSIONS. PAGE. 1.—Cloud End and Biddulph 167 Staffordshire2.—Eccleshall, Chebsey, Gnosall , and Ellenhall .. .. 170 3.—Cheltenham, Tewkesbury, and Gloucester .. .. 177 4.—Norbury, Ellastone, and Wootton ...... 188 5.—Longnor ...... 192 6.—Leicester and Charnwood Forest ...... 197 7.—Coventry , 202

EVENING MEETINGS. 1.—Newcastle ...... 205 2.—Stoke-on-Trent 206 3.—Hanley .. .. 209 4.—-Annual Meeting—Stoke-on-Trent ...... 212

SampleILLUSTRATIONSCounty. FACING PAGE 1.—Nymphoea Lotus ...... 46 Nelumbium speciosum 2.—Acanthus Mollis ' 53 A. Mollis A. Spinosus 3.—Old House, Cheadle 98 4.—Supposed Font of Cheadle Old Church .. .Studies. .. 98 5.—Font from Croxden Parish...... 98 6.-—Fragment of Ancient Font of Barlaston Church. . .. 98 7.—Cross in Rolleston Churchyard ...... 99 8.—S. Laurence, Gnosall ...... 166 9.—-Interior of S. Laurence, Gnosall ...... 166 10._Ditto ditto (Details) .. ..166 11.—S. Laurence, Chapel Chorlton ...... 166 12.—All Saints, Forton 166 13.—S. Peter, Norbury ...... 166 14.—Ditto ditto • • ..- • .. .. 166 5

COUNCIL FOR 1908-9.

President : W. D. SPANTON, F.R.C.S. StaffordshireVice-Presidents : SIR THOMAS WARDLE, F.G.S., F.C-S. C. LYNAM, F.S.A., F.R.I.B.A. ALEX. SCRIVENER. JOHN R. B. MASEFIEI.D, M.A. WHEELTON HIND, M.D., B.S., F.R.C.S., F.G.S. W. S. BROUGH. T. S. WILKINS, F.R.M.S. A. M. MCALDOWIE, M.D., F.R.S.Edin. W. WELLS BLADEN. F. BARKE, F.G.S. REV. C. F. L. BARNWELL. A. T. DANIEL, M.ASample. County REV. F. J. WROTTESLEY, M.A. (The above have served the Office of President.) J. L. CHERRY. S. UNWIN. JOHN BLAIKIE, F.G.S., F.L.S. J. H. BECKETT, A.R.I.B.A. REV. F. C. R. JOURDAIN, M.A., M.B.O.U. Studies J. T. STOBBS, A.SC., F.G.S. E. D. BOSTOCK, F.E.S. LOUIS H. JAHN. E. B. WAIN, M.Inst.C.E. W. H. RIDER. REV. T. BARNS, M.A.

Elected Members of Council : J. C. BLADEN. R. S. MILNER. J. T. BREALEY. G. A. MITCHESON, F.G.S. A. S. Dix. A. R. P. PIERCY. W. H. EARL. W. T. B. RIDGE, F.C.S. ALFRED MEIGH. A. F. WENGER.

Treasurer : Hon. Secretary: JOHN R, B. MASEFIELD. W. WELLS BLADEN. 6

COUNCIL FOR 1908-9—(Continued). Librarian : Auditor : H. H. GODDARD. J. C. BLADEN, C.A. StaffordshireDelegate to the Meeting of the British Association : SIR THOMAS WARDLE. Natural History Museum Committee : F. BARKE. J. R. B. MASEFIELD. J. L. CHERRY. A. SCRIVENER. C. LYNAM. W. D. SFANTON. W. WELLS BLADEN, Editorial Committee : The PRESIDENT. J. L. CHERRY. The TREASURER. DR. HIND. The SECRETARY. C. LYNAM. E. D. BOSTOCK. ALEX. SCRIVENER. SampleLibrary CountyCommittee : The PRESIDENT. J. H. BECKETT. The TREASURER. W. H. EARL. The SECRETARY. C. LYNAM. F. BARKE. W. T. B. EIDGE. Collector : W. H. EARL, C.A., 2, Queen Street, Newcastle, Staffs., to whom all Subscriptions, without exception, are to Studiesbe paid. Sections : A. ZOOLOGY Chairman—J. R. B. MASEFIELD. B. ENTOMOLOGY , E. D. BOSTOCK. C. BOTANY , W. T. B. RIDGE. D. MICROSCOPY DR. JOHN. E. GEOLOGY „ F. BARKE. F. METEOROLOGY „ W. WELLS BLADEN. G. ARCHAEOLOGY ,, C. LYNAM. H. PHOTOGRAPHY „ E. B. WAIN. I. SKETCHING „ W. H. RIDER. Members wishing to join any Section should inform the Chairman. All Members of the Club are eligible to attend the Sectional Meetings. 7

COUNCIL FOR 1908-9—(Continued). Local Secretaries : Local Treasurers : .. .. H. J. STEELE .. .. DR. KING ALCOCK. StaffordshireCHEADLE .. .. J. R. B. MASEFIEL D .. ERNEST W. H. BLAGG. HANLEY .. .. A. M. Dix L. H. JAIIN. LEEK S. UNWIN R. S. MILNER. LONGTON .. .. E. P. TURNER .. .. G. A. MITCHESON. NEWCASTLE .. W. H. EARL .. .. A. F. WENGER. STOKE .. .. J. II. BECKETT .. .. DR. HIND. STONE .. .. E. D. BOSTOCK .. .. W. J. HARDING. TUNSTALL .. .. D. SHERWIN .. .. E. B. WAIN. UTTOXETER .. T. S. WILKINS .. .. A. T. DANIEL.

EXCURSIONS AND EVENING MEETINGS, 1908-9. EXCURSIONS. 1.—Saturday, ApriSamplel 25th ...... ALTON AND ILAM. Leader—MRCounty. WILKINS. 2.-—Saturday, May 9th LILLESHALL. Leaders—THE PRESIDENT AND MR. SCRIVENER. 3.—Friday, June 12th, to Saturday, June 20th .. NORMANDY. MR. LYNAM AND MR. ANDREW OLIVER. 4.—Saturday, July 25th .. CONSALL, KINGSLEY, AND CHEADLE. Leader—MR. MASEFIELD. 5.—Saturday, August 15th, NORTON-IN-HALES AND MUCKLESTONEStudies. Leaders—REV. T. BARNS AND REV. A. C. OLIVER. 6.—Saturday, September 19th ...... SHUTLINGSLOW. Leaders—MR. BARKE AND MR. RIDGE. 7.—Thursday, October 22nd ...... DERBY. Leader—REV. F. C. R. JOURDAIN. EVENING MEETINGS. 1.—Thursday, November 19th ...... STOKE. Local Secretary—MR. BECKETT. 2.—Thursday, January 21st ...... HANLEY. Local Secretary—MR. A. S. Dix. 3.—Thursday, February 18th ...... STONE. Local Secretary—MR. BOSTOCK. 4.—Thursday, March 25th—ANNUAL MEETING .. STOKE. Local Secretary—MR. BECKETT. 8

PAST PRESIDENTS. Staffordshire 1865,6,7,8,9. JAMES BATEMAN, F.R.S., F.R.H.S., F.L.S. (1869. Chairman, EOIIERT GAKNEB, F.E.O.S., F.L.S.)

1870,86,87 J. T. ARLIDGE, B.A., M.D., F.R.C.P.

1871. REV. J. S. BROAD, M.A.

1872. 91, 92. Tiros. WARDLE, F.C.S., F.G.S.

1873. 84. JAMES YATKS, M.R.C.S.

1874. 98. CHARLES LYNAM, F.S.A., F.R.T.B.A.

1875. JOHN WARD, F.G.S.

1876. W. MOLYNEUX, F.G.S., F.R.Hist.S. 1877. SampleW. S. BROUGHCounty. 1878. R. GARNER, F.R.C.S., F.L.S.

1879. 99, 1900. REV. T. W. DALTRY, M.A., F.L.S., F.E.S.

1880. E. EARL.

1881. W. CHALLINOR, M.A.

1882. 3, 1906, 7. W. D. SPANTON, F.R.C.S. 1.885, 1905. ALEX. SCRIVENER. Studies 1888. T. S. WILKINS, F.R.M.S.

1889. 1903. J. R. B. MASEFIELD, M.A.

1890. ALEX. M. MCALDOWIE, M.D., F.R.S.Edin.

1893, 4. WHEELTON HIND, M.D., B.S., F.R.C.S., F.G.S.

1895. W. WELLS BLADEN.

1896. F. BARKE, F.G.S.

1897. C. E. DERANCE, ASSOC. Inst. C.E., F.G.S.,

F.R.G.S., F.R.Met.S., II.M. Geological Survey.

1901. REV. C. F. L. BARNWELL.

1902. A. T. DANIEL, M.A.

1904. REV. F. J. WROTTESLEY, M.A. LIST OF MEMBERS. StaffordshireCORRECTED TO MARCH 25TH, 1908. TOTAL NUMBER, 522.

HONORARY MEMBERS.

Elected. 1872 Dunedin, Most Rev. S. T. Nevill, D.D., Bishop of, Otago, New Zealand 1886 Bonney, Professor the Rev. T. G., D.Sc., LL.D., F.R.S., F.S.A., F.G.S., 9, Scroope-terrace, Cambridge 1887 Wragge, Clement. L., F.R.G.S., F.R.Met.S., 26, Jasper-road, Upper Norwood, London, S.E. 1892 Yates, JamesSample, M.R.C.S., CountyHockwold, Brandon , Norfolk. 1899 Dawkins, Professor W. Boyd, M.A., D.Sc., F.R.S., F.S.A., F.G.S., Fallowfield House, Fallowfield, Manchester. 1903 Hardy, Sir Reginald, Bart., Dunstall Hall, Burton-on-Trent

ORDINARY MEMBERS. 1869 Adams, Frank, , Stoke-on-Trent 1898 Adams, Mrs. H., The Croft, Lancaster-road, NewcastleStudies, Staffs. 1908 Adcock, G. F., Trentham, Stoke-on-Trent 1908 Adcock, Mrs., Trentham, Stoke-on-Trent 1605 Adie, T. G., High-street, Stone 1891 Alcock, S. King, M.D., Portland House, Burslcm 1906 Alcock, W., 3, Bank-street, Cheadle, Staffs. 1903 Alexander, Rev. H. R., M.A., Checkley, Tean, Stoke-on-Trent 1899 Allen, W. E., Daintry-strect, Leek 1884 Allen, W. S., Woodhead Hall, Cheadlc, Staffs. 1907 Anderson, J. B., M.B., CM., Copcland-street, Stoke-on-Trent 1906 Armitage, J. W., Ironmarket, Newcastle, Staffs. 1905 Afmitage, Mrs. J. W., Ironmarket, Newcastle, Staffs. 1898 Arrowsmith, Thos., Lymewood, Wolstanton, Stoke-on-Trent 1893 Ash, F. W., The Villas, Stoke-on-Trent 14 LIST OF MEMBERS. VOL. XLII.

1893 Ashcroft, S., Lodge, Longton 1906 Ashwell, J. B., The Quarry, Hartshill, Stoke-on-Trent 1884 Astbury, G. S., Eccleshall, Staffs. Staffordshire1899 Atkinson, R., Granville-square , Stone 1885 Audley, Jas. A., B.Sc., A.R.C.Sc., F.I.C., F.C.S., 17, Glad• stone-place, Hanley

1905 Babb, C. E., Stone 1905 Babb, Mrs., Stone 1891 Baggulcy, John, High-street, Newcastle, Staffs. 1903 Baines, Arthur, Lichfield House, Hanley 1907 Baker, F. M., Metropolitan Bank, Dudley 1884 Bamber, W. H., Hill-street, Stoke-on-Trent 1906 Bamford, C. R„ St. Mary's Mount, Uttoxcter 1899 Bamford, H. B., The Old House, Uttoxeter 1893 Bamford, S. B., Hawthornden, Uttoxctcr 1898 Bardslcy, RevSample. G. B., B.A.County, Greenhead House , Burslem 1876 Barkc, F., F.G.S., Stoke Lodge, Stoke-on-Trent, Vice- President 1876 Barkc, Mrs., Stoke Lodge, Stoke-on-Trent 1897 Barnes, Jonathan, F.G.S., South Cliff House, Higher Brough- ton, Manchester 1898 Barns, Rev. Thomas, M.A., Hilderstonc Vicarage, Stone, Vice-President Studies 1888 Barnwell, Rev. C. F. L., Stramshall Vicarage, Uttoxetcr, V ice-President 1901 Barnwell, F. A. L., Mayfield, Ashbourne, Derbyshire 1899 Barrow, George, F.G.S., 28, Jermyn-strcet, London, S.W. 1907 Bateman, Rev. Rowland, M.A., Biddulph Vicarage, Conglcton 1904 Bates, Albert, The Croft, Congleton 1896 Bates, Robert, Lansdown Villa, London-road, Newcastle, Staffs. 1893 Beckett, J. H., A.R.I.B.A., Longton, Vice-President 1906 Beckett, Miss, St. Mary's Cottage, Market Drayton 1905 Beech, Miss, Station-road, Stone 1903 Beetenson, G. H., Sunnyside, Chell, Tunstall 1905 Benett, Miss, Grange-road, Burslem 1905 Benham, Mrs. George B., Oulton Cross, Stone VOL. XLII. LIST OF MEMBERS. 15

1894 Bennett, Geo., 87, Liverpool-road, Stoke-on-Trent 1902 Beresford, Rev. W., St. Luke's Vicarage, Leek 1905 Bermingham, G. E., Rose Bank House, Leek Staffordshire1908 Bevan, Rev. ]., The Manse , Stone 1903 Bibbey, Thomas, Alsager, Cheshire 1871 Bickley, T., Barlaston, Stoke-on-Trent 1903 Bickley, Miss, Barlaston, Stoke-on-Trent 1889 Billington, Charles, Studleigh, Porthill, Longport, Stoke 1899 Bishton, Thomas H., Market-street, Leek 1898 Bladen, J. C, Basford Park, Stoke-on-Trent 1893 Bladen, J. O., Bank House, Basford, Stoke-on-Trent 1897 Bladen, Mrs. J. O., Bank House, Basford, Stoke-on-Trent 1875 Bladen, W. Wells, Stone, Vice-President, Hon. Secretary, and Editor 1906 Bladen, Miss Wells, Stone 1907 Bladen, Mrs. K. Wells, Stirchley, Shifnal, Salop 1883 Blagg, C. J.Sample, Greenhill, Cheadle,'StaffsCounty. 1890 Blagg, E. W. II., Greenhill, Cheadle, Staffs. 1906 Blagg, Miss H. M., Caverswall Castle, Stoke-on-Trent 1868 Blaikie, John, F.G.S., F.L.S., Newcastle, Vice-President 1903 Blair, George, Normacot, Longton 1901 Blakiston, Rochfort F., Stafford 1908 Blaylock, T. T., School of.Art, Leek 1905 Boardman, Mrs., Uttoxeter-road, Longton Studies 1891 Bolton, Frank A., Moor Court, Oakamoor, Cheadle, Staffs. 1883 Bostock, Edwin D., F.E.S., Stone, Vice-President 1893 Bostock, H. J., Shawms, Radford Bank, Stafford 1901 Boulton, Mrs. W., Grange Cottage, Burslem 1905 Boulton, Miss, Grange Cottage, Burslem 1906 Boulton, Stanley, Grange Cottage, Burslcm 1901 Bourne, John, Hilderstone Hall, Stone 1903 Bowers, C. II., Wolstanton, Stoke-on-Trent 1906 Bowers, Wm. Aubrey, Caverswall Castle, Stoke-on-Trent 1902 Boycc, A. E., Randwick, Queen's-road, Stoke-on-Trent 1901 Brain, E., 31, -road, Fenton, Stoke-on-Trent 1905 Brandon, W. J., The Redlands, Stone 1892 Brcaley, J. T., The Knoll, Rudyard, Leek 1897 Brealey, Thos., Daisy Bank, Leek 16 LIST OF MEMBERS. VOL. XLII.

1891 Brett, Arthur, Alton, Staffs. 1900 Brett, Cyril, Alton, Staffs. 1901 Broadbcnt, S. S., L.R.C.P., L.E.C.S., 75, Stoke-road, Stoke Staffordshire1867 Brough, W. S., Leek, Vice-President 1883 Brown, Rev. G. B., M.A., Aston Vicarage, Stone 1903 Bullock, C. E., Barlaston, Stoke-on-Trent 1895 Burne, Miss C. S., 5, Iverna Gardens, Kensington, W. 1907 Burne, S. A. H., Loynton Hall, Newport, Salop 1890 Burton, William, F.C.S., Clifton Junction, near Manchester 1907 Burton, Rev. J. A., M.A., The Vicarage, Bratleley, near Stafford

1894 Cadman, Jas. C, The Cloughs, Newcastle, Staffs. 1903 Cadman, Miss Amy, Stoke-on-Trent 1899 Cadman, John, B.Sc., F.G.S., H.M. Inspector of Mines, The Cloughs, Newcastle, Staffs. 1905 Campbell, SampleW., Bagnall-streetCounty, Hanley 1908 Carr, J. C, Cedar Lodge, Brereton, Rugeley 1904 Carter, Rev. A. W., M.A., Shclton Rectory, Stoke-on-Trent 1900 Cartledge, George, Daisy Bank, Horton, Leek 1890 Challinor, Edward S., Craig-y-Dderwrn, Bcltwys-y-coed 1893 Challinor, Reginald, Fenton, Stoke-on-Trent 1882 Challinor, William E., Pickwood, Leek 1906 Chear, John, 57, Stanley-street, Tunstall Studies 1865 Cherry, J. L., Rowley Park, Stafford, Vice-President 1882 Clare, John, M.R.C.S., Pall Mall, Hanley 1901 Clivc, J. II., c/o the Furlong Mills Co., Burslem 1902 Coc, W. J., F.R.C.V.S., Copcland-street, Stoke-on-Trent 1894 Cole, R. 1L, Endon, Stoke-on-Trent 1894 Cole, Mrs. R. IL, Endon, Stoke-on-Trent 1907 Coleman, H. F., B.A., Denstonc College, Staffs. 1906 Cooper, Issac A., The School House, Cheadle, Staffs. 1894 Cooper, W. A., Waverley House, Snow Hill, Hanley 1906 Copeland, John, 2, Havelock Place, Shclton, Stoke-on-Trent 1891 Coupe, Mrs., Milwich Hall, Stone 1893 Course, Geo. W., Knowle. Lodge, Stoke-on-Trent 1907 Course, Mrs. Geo. W., Khowle Lodge, Stoke-on-Trent: 1906 Cox, F. S., West View, Cheadle, Staffs. VOL. XLII. LIST OF MEMBERS. 17

1893 Crump, Ven. Archdeacon, M.A., Hartshill Close, Stoke 1884 Cull, T. B., Cheadle, Staffs. Staffordshire1889 Dain, Fred., Knovvsley, Waterloo-road, Burslem 1904 Dale, F. W., Stafford-street, Hanley 1884 Daltry, Rev. Sidney J., M.A., Penzance 1890 Daltry, Bertram H. R., M.A., Madeley, Stevenage, Herts. 1905 Daltry, Harold W., 93, Albert-street, Crewe 1908 Dandy, Norman J., Thistleberry-avenue, Newcastle, Staffs. 1890 Daniel, A. T., M.A., Alleyne's Grammar School, Uttoxcter, V ice-President 1901 Dawson, G. J. Crosbic, M.I.C.E., F.G.S., May Place, New• castle, Staffs. 1892 Day, R. W., Fenton, Stoke-on-Trent: 1905 Deakin, C. H., 17, -street, Newcastle, Staffs. 1879 Dishley, H., The Limes, Leek 1885 Dix, A. StuartSample, Bank HouseCounty, Endon, Stoke-on-Tren t 1903 Dix, H. R., Beech Mount, Endon, Stoke-on-Trent 1905 Button, Philip C, Walton, Stone

1906 Eardley, Chas. J., Hosten House, Tunstall 1884 Earl, VV. H., 36, Florence-street, Newcastle, Staffs. 1890 . Earl, Mrs. W. H., 36, Florence-street, Newcastle, Staffs. 1871 Edge, J. Wilcox, Huntley, Wolstanton, Stoke-on-TrenStudiest 1898 Edge, Mrs. J. Wilcox, Huntley, Wolstanton, Stoke-on-Trent 1904 Edwardes, John, M.A., Denstone College, Staffs. 1877 Edwards, Aaron, Lansdown House, Dresden, Stoke-on-Trent 1908 Edwards, S., King-street, Newcastle, Staffs. 1907 Elliott, W. L., Trentham, Stoke-on-Trent 1896 Elmitt, S. F., L.D.S., King-street, Newcastle, Staffs. 1906 Elphinstone, C. W., High Grove, Stoke-on-Trent 1884 Emery, Ernest E., Albert: House, Blythc Bridge, Stoke 1902 Emony, Miss M. E., The Lodge, Saverley Green, Blyth Bridge, Stoke-on-Trent 1906 Espley, Miss M. G., B.Sc, 83, Seaford-street, Hanley

1885 Faulkner, W. J., Brooklands, Leek 1891 Faram, Mrs. H. C, The Cliff, Hartshill, Stoke-on-Trent 18 LIST OF MEMBERS. VOL. XL1I.

1883 Fcnnell, H., 7, MoUart-street, Hanley 1907 Fernie, E., M.D., Granville Cottage, Stone 1905 Fernie, Mrs., Granville Cottage, Stone Staffordshire1899 Fletcher, Mrs., Tillington , Stafford 1900 Fogg, Arthur, Sherburne-terrace, Leek 1904 Ford, A. P., Temple-street, Basford, Stoke-on-Trent 1905 Forshaw, Edward, Tun., The Moor House, Uttoxctcr 1904 Frain, R. C, C.E., Oxford-terrace, Basford, Stoke-on-Trent 1899 Freer, R., M.D., Rugeley, Staffs. 1903 Furnival, Miss A. M., Regent-street, Stoke-on-Trent 1905 Furnival, Arthur, Hawthorn Lodge, Stone 1905 Furnival, Mrs. Arthur, Hawthorn Lodge, Stone

1894 Gallimorc, John, Newcastle, Staffs. 1873 Garle, Wm., Fradswell, Stafford 1876 Garlc, Mrs., Fradswell, Stafford 1905 Geen, Frcdk.Sample, Cliffe Ville, CountyStoke-on-Trent 1898 Gibson, Walcot, B.Sc., F.G.S., H.M. Geological Survey, 28, Jcrmyn-street, London, S.W. 1904 Goddard, H. H., The Villas, Stoke-on-Trent, Librarian 1895 Goddard, Mrs. J. S., Glebe House, Fenton, Stoke-on-Trent 1901 Godwin, Thomas, Jasper-street, Hanley 1905 Goggs, Rev. W. M., Hanford Vicarage, Stoke-on-Trent 1906 Goodin, Miss, Chatterley House, Hanley Studies 1890 Goodsori, John H., 84, Gilman-street, Hanley 1906 Goodwin, F. T. H., Erskinc House, Dresden, Stoke-on-Trent 1902 Goodwin, Harold, Sunnyside, Leek 1906 Goodwin, W. E., 225, Waterloo-road, Burslem 1906 Goodwin, Miss W. E., 225, Waterloo-road, Burslem 1901 Goodwin, W. V. S. Gradwell, Red Heath, Silvcrdalc, New• castle, Staffs. 1907 Grayston, F. A., Liverpool-street, Tamworth 1902 Greene, H. Barrett, Staffordshire Sentinel, Hanley 1902 Gregory, John, 82, Moorland-road, Burslem 1904 Gregory, T. W. D., F.C.S., Lynton, Basford Park, Stoke-on- Trent 1884 Griffith, Joseph, Newcastle, Staffs. 1906 Griffith, Joseph, Jim., M.A., LL.B., Newcastle, Staffs. VOL. XLII. LIST OF MEMBERS. 19

1877 Haigh, F., Woodroyd, Longsdon, Stoke-on-Trent 1900 Haigh, Mrs. F., Woodroyd, Longsdon, Stoke-on-Trent 1900 Haigh, Alfred, Woodroyd, Longsdon, Stoke-on-Trent 1877 Haines, J. R., A.M.I.C.E., F.G.S., Adderley Green, Longton Staffordshire1907 Halcomb, Mrs., Trentham , Stoke-on-Trent 1890 Hall, John Payne, Cokayne House, Uttoxeter 1889 Hall, Mrs. J. H., 4, Oxford-terrace, Basford Park, Stoke 1905 Hall, Miss Dorothy, 4, Oxford-terrace, Basford Park, Stoke 1906 Hall, Robt., Hall's Croft, Rudyard, Leek 1906 Hall, Mrs. Robt., Hall's Croft, Rudyard, Leek 1903 Hammersley, Gilbert, Alsager, Cheshire 1869 Hampton, Thomas, Park House, Stone 1890 Hampton, Miss, Park House, Stone 1876 Hampton, Wm., F.C.S., 38, Lichfield-street, Hanley 1895 Harding, W. J., M.A., Alleyne's Grammar School, Stone 1907 Harding, R. C, Old Rectory, Norton-in-the-Moors, Stoke-on- Trent SampleCounty 1888 Hardy, R. T. A., Heath House, Uttoxeter 1887 Harris, J. TV, The Radfords, Stone 1905 Harris, Miss, The Radfords, Stone 1907 Harris, Guy, The Radfords, Stone 1901 Harrison, F., M.A., School House, Newcastle, Stall's. 1901 Hartley, Thos., Invcrcloy, Spencer-avenue, Leek 1900 Hassam, A., F.G.S., Holly Lodge, Wolstanton, Stall's. 1905 Hastings, R. S., Piccadilly, Hanley Studies 1904 Hayes, Samuel, 22, Cheapside, Hanley 1898 Heath, Allen S., F.G.S., Temple House, Basford, Stoke 1898 Heath, Mrs. Allen S„ Temple House, Basford, Stoke 1903 Heath, Arthur, Stockton Brook, Stoke-on-Trent 1900 Heath, Miss, Sncyd House, Burslem 1902 Heath, James, Hillcroft, Spencer-avenue, Leek 1905 Heath, Mrs. James, Hillcroft, Spencer-avenue, Leek 1901 Heath, Robert, Biddulph Grange, Congleton 1874 Heaton, G. H., Endon, Stoke-on-Trent 1902 Henderson, Sir Alex., Bart., 18, Arlington-street, S.W. 1896 Henshaw, A. M., F.G.S., Talke, Stoke-on-Trent 1896 Henshaw, S., Chatterley, Stoke-on-Trent 1908 Hewett, A., Eversley House, Normacot, Stoke-on-Trent ASSOCIATED SOCIETIES WITH WHICH THE CLUB EXCHANGES PUBLICATIONS.

StaffordshireBarrow Naturalists' Field Club . Belfast Naturalists' Field Club. Birmingham and Midland Institute Scientific Society. Birmingham Natural History and Philosophical Society. Brighton and Hove Natural History and Philosophical Society. Bristol Naturalists' Society. British Association for the Advancement of Science. British Museum (Natural History). Buchan Field Club. Burton-on-Trent Natural History and Archaeological Society. Caradoc and Severn Valley Field Club. Cardiff Naturalists' Society. Cheltenham NaturaSamplel Science Society. Chester Society of Natural ScienceCounty, Literature, and Art. Conchological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Cotteswokl Naturalists' Field Club. Denstone College Natural History Society. Derbyshire Archaeological and Natural History Society. Dudley and Midland Geological and Scientific Society. Eastbourne Natural History Society. Edinburgh Geological Society. Studies English Ceramic Society. Essex Archaeological Society. Essex Field Club. Glasgow, The Natural History Society of. Hastings and St. Leonard's Natural History Society. Hertfordshire Natural History Society. Holmesdale Natural History Club. Huddersfield Naturalist and Photographic Society. Hull Scientific and Naturalists' Field Club. Isle of Man_Natural History and Antiquarian Society. Lancashire and Cheshire Antiquarian Society. Linnean Society of London. Liverpool Geological Society. 30 ASSOCIATE!) SOCIETIES. VOL. XLII.

Liverpool Naturalists' Field Club. Manchester Field Club. Manchester Field Naturalists' and Archaeologists' Society. Manchester Geological and Mining Society. StaffordshireManchester Literary and Philosophica l Society. Manchester Microscopical Society. Manchester Museum, Owens College. Marlborough College Natural History Society. Norfolk and Norwich Natural History Society. Northamptonshire Natural History Society and Field Club. Northumberland, Durham, and Newcastle-on-Tyne Natural History Society. Nottingham Naturalists' Society. Oldham Microscopical Society and Field Club. Royal Meteorological Society. Southport Society of Natural Science. Warwickshire NaturalistsSample' and CountyArchaeologists' Fiel d Club. Woolhope Naturalists' Field Club. Worcester Diocesan Architectural and Archaeological Society. Worcestershire Naturalists' Club. Yorkshire Naturalists' Union.

Elliott Society of Sciences and Arts, Chaiiestown, S.C., U.S.A. Instituto Geologico de Mexico. Newport R.I., U.S.A., Natural History Society. Studies Ottawa Field Naturalists' Club, Canada. Philadelphia, The Academy of Natural Sciences of. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. United States Geological Survey, Washington, D.C. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Division of Ornithology and Mammalogy, Washington, D.C. Kongl. Vittcrhets Historic och Antiqvitcts, Akademien, Stock• holm, Sweden. Copies of Transactions are also sent to the British Museum (Library) ; to the Bodleian Library, Oxford; the University Library, Cambridge ; the Advocates' Library, Edinburgh ; the Library of Trinity College, Dublin ; the William Salt Library, Stafford ; and to the Free Libraries of Burslem, Hanley, Leek, Longton, Newcastle, Stoke-on-Trent, Fenton, and Birmingham. REPORT. Staffordshire Read at the Forty-third Annual Meeting, held at Stoke-on-Trent, March 25th, 1908.

In presenting their Report at this the Forty-third Annual Meeting of the North Staffordshire Field Club, your Council is able to congratulate the members upon the completion of another year of good work. In the last Annual Report it was announced that the hope that the Club might some day have a Natural History Museum was on the eve of realization. During the past year progress has been made, and it is confidently hoped that the Museum may be opened in theSample early summerCounty. It is a great pleasur e to each of us that Mr. Spanton has consented to take the Presidency for another year, in order that he may see the Museum—to initiate which he has done so much—opened during his term of office. The Excursions have been carried out as arranged, with the exception of that to Leicester, in September, which was extended to two days, and in October, instead of goinStudiesg to Man• chester, a most enjoyable and instructive visit was made to Coventry. The dates, places of Excursions, Leaders, and num• bers present have been :— I.—Cloud End and Biddulph, on Saturday, April 27th. Leader : Mr. E. B. Wain. 50. II.—Eccleshall, Chebscy, Gnosall, and Ellenhall, on Tuesday, May 28th. Leader : Mr. Scrivener. 40. III.—Cheltenham, Tewkesbury, and Gloucester, Thursday, June 20th, to Wednesday, June 26th. Leaders : Mr. Lynam and Dr. McAldowie. 30. IV.—Ellastone and Wootton, on Saturday, July 27th. Leader : Rev. C. F. L, Barnwell. 87, VOL. XLII. ANNUAL REPORT. 37

V.—Longnor, on Saturday, August 24th. Leader: Mr. R. S. Milner. 54. VI.—Leicester, on Friday and Saturday, September 20th Staffordshireand 21st. Leader : The President . 30. VII.—Coventry, on Saturday, October 19th. Leaders: Messrs. Masefield and Wells Bladen. 35. The average attendance, 46, was slightly less than that of the previous year, and much below that of the summer of 1906. Three Evening Meetings have been held :— I.—Newcastle, Wednesday, November 20th. Local Secre• tary : Mr. Earl. 75. II.—Stoke, Thursday, January 23rd. Local Secretary : Mr. Beckett. 104. III.—Hanley, Wednesday, February 26th. Local Secretary : Mr. Ridge. 67. SampleCounty The average attendance being 82. The Addresses and Papers given—a larger number than usual—have been as follows :— I.—Morton Church, by Mr. J. H. Beckett, A.R.I.B.A. II.—Bridestoncs, by Mr. Alex. Scrivener. III.—Biddulph Old Hall, by Mr. Alex. ScrivenerStudies. IV.—Chebsey Church, by Mr. Alex. Scrivener. V.—Chebsey Church, by Rev. C. M. S. Patterson. VI.—Eccleshall Church, by Mr. Alex. Scrivener. VII.—Ecclcshall Castle, by Mr. Alex. Scrivener. VIII.— Gnosall Church, by Mr. C. Lynam, F.S.A., F.R.I.B.A. IX.—Ranton Priory, by Mr. Alex. Scrivener. X.—Ellenhall Church, by the Rev. H. G. Hopkins, M.A. XL—St. Mary's Church, Cheltenham, by Mr. John Sawyer. XII.—The Ancient Camps near Cheltenham, by Mr. A. Cardew, M.R.C.S. XIII.—Tewkesbury Abbey, by Mr. W. G. Bannister, Sacriston. ANNUAL ADDRESS

StaffordshireBY THE PRESIDENT—W . D. SPANTON, F.R.C.S.

THE INFLUENCE OF PLANT-LIFE ON ART.

My first impulse at the end of another Presidential year was to ask you to forgive me for not inflicting upon you any sort of formal address, but my sense of gratitude overpowered it, and led me to feel I should be wanting in my duty if I set such a bad example to any of my successors in this chair. You have hitherto been very indulgent to my shortcomings, and I shall have to ask you to extend your forbearance for even a little longer whilSamplee I make a few desultory remarks on some subjects which I am well awareCounty may be already familia r to many of those present. First, however, let me thank you very sincerely for the marked honour you have conferred upon me in electing me once again your President. While it is to me a great pleasure and privilege to hold this office, I cannot help thinking it is more due to your kindlStudiesy feelings towards myself than to any special deserving of my own that I occupy this honourable position. I should like first to say a few words about what has been accomplished during the past year. Many of you will recollect that at our last Annual Meeting I expressed a hope that we should be able to establish a Natural History Museum in con• nection with our Club, and foreshadowed then what appeared to be a practicable scheme for its accomplishment. I am glad to be able to tell you that your Museum Committee have suc• ceeded in bringing the matter to a satisfactory conclusion—a consummation largely due to the generous manner in which the Hanley Town Council, through its Museum Committee, has met our proposals. To Alderman Shirley especially we arc VOL. XLII. ANNUAL ADDRESS. 43

indebted for this. The agreement which has mutually been entered into has culminated in our having an excellent Natural History room in the Hanley Museum, on terms which are, I think, Staffordshireentirely satisfactory from bot h a financial and scientific point of view. This enables us to have in perpetuity a Museum which we can call our own, devoted to those objects which this Club has always striven to secure—more especially with a view to collect and to safeguard local specimens by placing them in per• manent security.

We have already a considerable collection of such objects, and it now remains for each member of the Club to endeavour to secure for the Museum additional specimens, in order to render it as complete as possible.

I ought to add that the accomplishment of this would have been impossible Samplebut for the generous aid of our old member, Mr. L. Jahn, whose enthusiasmCounty as a curator know s no bounds. To him our warmest thanks are due. All he asks in return is the scientific assistance of the Officers of all the Sections in making it as perfect as possible. Those who have seen similar local Museums on a far more extensive scale, such as Chester, Leicester, and other towns, will appreciate what we aim at—not only a museum of local Natural History objects, but afterwards one of wider scope, which will become a valuablStudiese educational focus for the students of this district on the one hand, and an incentive to others to take up the study of Natural History in its relation more especially to the practical work in which they are engaged. If you can only interest people sufficiently, there is no limit to the good seed which may be thus sown, for some of it—let us hope much—is certain to fructify, and thus benefit, not only the individual, but the entire community. You will I know be pleased to hear that Sir Oliver Lodge has promised to come to the formal opening about the end of June.

The efforts which were made to found a Memorial of our late esteemed member, John Ward, F.G.S., have met with such success that the Geological collection which he left has been acquired, and will form a prominent feature in the Museum. Staffordshire REPORT OF DELEGATE TO THE MEETING OF THE CORRESPONDING SOCIETIES OF THE BRITISH ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE.

BY JOHN R. B. MASEFIELD, M.A.

On the 1st and 6th August, 1907, I attended as your Delegate at the Annual Conference of Delegates of the Corresponding Societies, held at the Leicester Meeting of the British Associa• tion. Of the 115 Affiliated and Associated Societies, 60 were represented at the two days' Conference under the Presidency of Mr. H. J. MacSample-kinder, M.A.County, who delivered a n Address on "The Advancement of Geographical Science by Local Scientific Societies." The speaker emphasised the necessity of supple• menting the actual survey and mapping of any particular locality by special study of its fauna and flora, and he gave as an instance under the head of "Moorlands," the distinguishing on the map the bilberry summits, the cotton grass bogs, the heather moors, the grass heaths, the natural pastures, and the lowlanStudiesd swamps, with their characteristic plants, birds, insects, &c. In other words, the object is to have a complete analysis of each district from a geographical standpoint, and the duty of some member of each Society would be to correlate the results obtained by the different specialist sections. This member would extract from the work of the botanists, the archaeologists, the geologists, and others the data for the construction of his scheme of maps, and it would fall naturally to him to suggest the formation of new sections and to enlist the enthusiasm of fresh students for the purpose of filling in lacunae in the local researches. What finer work for the efforts of a local Society, said the President, than to produce a text-book for the local schools, which shall rouse and satisfy interest in the surrounding country side and in the local monuments, generate local patriotism, and establish an outlook VOL. XLII. REPORT OE DELEGATE TO THE B.A. 59

into the larger world on a concrete foundation rather than on the sands of more book learning ? Such a text-book might also be correlated with the local museum, arranged for visual Staffordshireinstruction, and so classified as to prompt systematic thought. The Rev. R. Ashington Bullen, B.A., introduced the subject of "The Advisability of Appointing a Committee for the Photo• graphic Survey of Ancient Remains in the British Isles." I was pleased, in the discussion which followed, to be able to assure the Meeting that our Photographic Section was always on the alert to take photographs of any object of interest in our County. At the same time, may I remind our members of the importance of arranging and indexing photographs and of endorsing upon them particulars of date, locality, and object taken, so as to afford ready reference and information to those who are studying the history of our County. Mr. Carlton ReaSample, B.C.L., M.A.County, read a paper on " A Plea that Local Societies should give greater attention to the investigation of the Fungi occurring in their districts, with Suggestions for the Encouragement of the Study of the Group." This is a subject I have been anxious for our Club to take up for many years, and its importance to science cannot be over-estimated, whether we look upon Fungi as a source of food-supply or as a source of disease to plant and animal life. Of course, it is a subject re• quiring close study to enable the student to identifStudiesy the various species, and the aid of the microscope is indispensable for the examination of the spores and minute species, but I do urge our members to take up the study of this group. The British Myco- logical Society is ready to give expert assistance, and no doubt would arrange for an expert to visit our district and to join one of our Autumn Excursions.

Other subjects brought before the Conference were :— Further investigation of the Drift: Watching new sinkings and borings and examination of cores :

The collecting of local terms applicable to geology and geo• graphy : 60 REPORT OF DELEGATE TO THE B. A. VOL. XLII.

The study of the Centipedes and Millipedes: Mr. Wilfred Mark Webb, of Odstock, Hanwell, London,appealing for specimens, and promising a booklet on the subject and collecting tubes to Staffordshireanyone willing to assist him, results being published by the Ray Society; and The photographing of ascertained types of local population : advocated by Mr. G. L. Gomme. Such were the principal topics brought to the notice of the Conference, and I do trust some of them may appeal to our members, and lead to their further study, and thus not only promote the objects of our Club but also assist in the scientific investigation of the British Association.

SampleCounty

Studies REPORTS OF SECTIONS.

StaffordshireA.—ZOOLOGY.—CHAIRMAN—MR . MASEFIELD. In February last I paid a visit to our Staffordshire semi- albino Badger in the Zoological Gardens, Regent's-park, where it shares a home with a mate of the same variety from Oakham, Rutlandshire. The Superintendent of the Gardens has since written that he is sanguine of our hopes of perpetuating this race of the Badger being realized. Another instance of this same variety of the Badger has occurred in Oxfordshire, as reported by Mr. O. V. Aplin.1 An Otter is reported by Rev. F. C. R. Jourdaiif as trapped on the Dove in January, 1907. May I commend to the notice of all fishermen a recent paper on the Otter by Mr. W. Payne Collier,2 which clearlSampley states thCountye benefits resultin g to the pre• servation of fish from the presence of a limited number of Otters on a river, and by their keeping in check Eels and Frogs, two of the largest devourers of fish-spawn. Our local Bats I have fully dealt with in a paper recently read before the Club, showing that out of the 15 reputed species of British Bats, we can include seven species in our County list, namely :—The Noctulc, Whiskered Bat, Long-eareStudiesd Bat, Dau- benton's Bat, Pipistrelle, and the Serotine on the authority of Mr. F. Coburne, and the Lesser Horse-Shoe Bat on the authority of Mr. J. G. Millais. I once more appeal to our members to assist me in obtaining specimens of Bats, for their further study. I exhibit an interesting variety of the Rat (Mus decumanus). It was caught at Wood Eaton, and is darker in colour than the Brown Rat, and has a white patch on the breast (not in the centre, but a little to the right side) and white fore-feet. It is clearly a variety of the Brown Rat, with probably a strain of albinism from a cross with a tame " fancy " rat. The four recognised species of British Rats are:—The Old Black Rat (Mus raltus),

1 Zoologist, Sept., 1907, p. 331. 2 Zoologist, March, 1907, p. 92, 62 ZOOLOGY. VOL. XLII.

the Brown or Hanoverian Rat (M. decumanus), M. alexandrinus, and M. hibernicus, the last having a white patch on the breast. By the kind permission of the Duke of Bedford I am able Staffordshireto give up-to-date results supplie d by Colonel Oliphant of the interesting experiments being carried out at Woburn to try to restore the original breed of Chartley White Cattle. Of the original animals removed to Woburn, only the black bull is left, but a heifer is also there on loan from Chartley. By cross-breeding the following results have been obtained :— Cross. Results. Three cow calves, West High• land type ; shaggy coats. Two Chartley White bull will probably be white or cream and colour, like the dams ; the third West Highland cows. is red. Two born March, 1907, SampleCountythe third in May . Two steers, born in June and Chartley White bull July, 1906. Both of Chartley and type; white, black muzzles Jersey cows. and ears, and black markings on legs. Bull calf, born 23rd May, 1907. This has reverted to the Jersey Chartley-Vaynol mil Studies type; born of a dark fawn and colour, now of a blackish tint, Jersey cow. with a few scattered white hairs. Chartley bull (at Chartley) One cow calf, born 6th June, and 1907. Pure white, with black White Welsh cow (Lamphey nose, and the ears turning breed). black inside ; legs not marked. One cow calf, born 5th Septem• Chartley pure black bull ber, 1907. This calf is a and typical Chartley ; white, with White Welsh cow. black nose, and markings on legs. StaffordshireAN ANCIENT CHURCHYAR D CROSS AT ROLLESTON.

P>Y C. LYNAM, F.S.A.

Read February 26th, 1908. The subject of the ancient standing crosses in the churchyards and elsewhere of our County has always been one of interest with members of our Club, arising from the fact, no doubt, that our shire is rich in examples of this class of ancient relics. They were recorded by our early historians, and by them esteemed as valuable possessionsSample. Not all, but most of which they wrote, continue to this day, and abouCountyt them has clustere d a degree of interest surpassing what has been bestowed on kindred sub• jects of other characteristics. In some cases they have been restored from a fragmentary condition by members of our Club, and from our centre a general appreciation of their value, as rare antiquities, has been secured. It has been thought amongst us that there was until lately no instance existing we were not acquainted withStudies, but in the publication known as the " Reliquary" for January of this year, there is a communication from Dr. G. A. Auden, of York, claiming the standing cross placed within recent years to the west of the tower of Rolleston Church in this County as one of the Pre-Norman class. When this article in the " Reliquary " first caught my eye, it was with some degree of shame one felt convicted that our Club had missed noticing this example, fixed in so conspicuous a position. But. calling to mind the Club's visit to Rolleston, in the time of Sir Oswald Moslcy's residence at the Hall, and particularly remembering my own familiarity with the Church and churchyard, up to a few years ago, some relief to the shock came about. 100 ANCIENT CHURCHYARD CROSS. VOL. XLII.

Within a few days of that time Rolleston was visited, and, behold, there stands the cross referred to by Dr. Audcn. It is placed close—too close—to the west wall of the tower, Staffordshirebut on inquiry it turned ou t that it had been fixed as recently as ten or twelve years ago, and that it had come, first, from the shrubbery of the Hall, and there, from the south porch of the neighbouring Church of Tatcnhill, where it had formed part of the flooring. So even at this early stage of remissness of our having overlooked this early cross vanished. But there did hang about my recollection of our visit to Rolleston that Sir Oswald Mosley, a truly learned natural• ist and archaeologist, pointed out to us as we walked from the Hall to the Church this self-same stone when laid flat amidst the shrubs, but then it was not in a condition or position to be examined. Now we comeSample to the cross itself, and at first sight its general character strikes one as not thaCountyt of the Pre-Norma n class, at all events, it has no fellow in this County. Comparing with it the crosses at Leek and Ham, it will be seen that the head of this cross is altogether out of proportion with theirs, and is also out of proportion with the shaft. Then the outline is not that of a simple circle, but is broken in its form, and the shouldering between the head and the shaft is a peculiarity ; and, further, the treatment of the ornamentation deals with mouldingsStudies, both on the edges and faces, to an extent not elsewhere met with. - Mr. Auden leaves the height of the original shaft as doubtful, and certainly the present proportions of head and shaft are quite unusual.

Thus far the facts do not favour the classification assigned to the work by Mr. Auden, but now an apparent contradiction arises, for in the carving of the detail, use is made of the various forms commonly accepted as pre-Norman work, such as knot-work, intcrlacings, and the key pattern, &c. This, to me, was a puzzle, and well nigh threw me back to my adventurous opinion ex• pressed in the Journal of the British Archaeological Association for 1873, where, in a paper on the " Churchyard Crosse of Stafford• shire," it is advanced that the features above-named might have StaffordshireOLD CHURCH TOWER S OF STAFFORDSHIRE.

BY J. H. BECKETT, A.R.I.B.A.

Continuing this subject, which commenced last year,* it is proposed to describe briefly the Churches of Gnosall, Forton, Norbury, and Chapel Chorlton.

S. LAURENCE, GNOSALL. This church is an important one, and from nearly every standpoint ranks as one of the first in the county. As a matter of fact, there arSamplee few in existencCountye that rival it in interest, and viewing this subject.—as it is intended to do—with the eye of the Sketching Section, it is not too much to say that the materials offered for study in this building are almost unequalled. Tower.—Referring to the tower—the primary feature in these notes, this claims attention for sundry reasons. In the first place, its position over the crossing gives it an advantage over the usual west end tower, and adds much toStudies the effect of the grouping. A central tower is not by any means a common feature in Staffordshire churches, and where it occurs the building which it crowns is nearly always an important one. As may be seen from the sketch (Plate VIII.), the exterior of the tower of Gnosall is of a simple character, and its beauty is the result of good proportions and picturesque arrangement of detail. The irregular spacing of the battlements, and of the ornament under the parapet, adds to, rather than detracts from, the pleasing effect. The little carving that exists is well executed. The general outline suggests massiveness, but, as a matter of fact, the total height from the floor of the crossing to the top of the parapet is 73 feet.

* Trans. North Staffs. Field Club, vol. xli„ p. 108. VOL. XLII. OLD CHURCH TOWERS OF STAFFS. 157

Taking the tower storey by storey, the sketch of the interior (Plate IX.) will help to show that the most impressive portion of the whole edifice is the arrangement of the tower arches at the crossing. These are of Norman character, very massive, and Staffordshirecarved with ornament typica l of the period. This last applies especially to the western arch, with its imposts and capitals. Unfortunately, the ornament on the capitals, &c, has been mutilated. Possibly the grouping of these arches—more particu• larly the view of the south transept, as seen through the crossing from the chancel, affords subjects for sketching hardly to be surpassed. The upper storeys of the tower are approached by a circular stair turret in the south-west angle of the south transept—thence a passage or " gallery " in the Norman Triforium on the west of this transept leads to the ringing chamber. A stair turret in the south-west angle of the towers gives access to the clock chamber, belfry, Sampleand roof. County Reference to the sketch of the exterior (Plate VIII.) will give some idea as to the height to which the Norman masonry now extends, namely, just one course below the clock face on the north side. Above this is the 15th-century and subsequent work. The belfry is an interesting chamber, 14 feet highStudies, with walls 3 feet thick. The "features" of the masonry, such as the windows, are of " Perpendicular " date, the external jambs of these being worked in two hollow chamfers. There are six bells, of more or less interest, and in- addition a small " call" bell, which latter has no inscription. The north-west bell is ancient, with a " black-letter " inscription. Three of the bells bear date 1711, one 1784, and the sixth 1818. On the western side of the old-timber bell-framing are inscribed the names of Churchwardens and the date 1789.

In each angle of the belfry occurs a corbelling-out of the masonry in nine rounded courses. This suggests that at one time a spire must have been contemplated, as there appears to be nothing else in the structure necessitating the additional strength. StaffordshireJOURNAL OF PROCEEDINGS. EXCURSIONS.

I.—HORTON, CLOUD END, AND BIDDULPH.

Saturday, April 27th, 1907.

LEADER—MR. E. B. WAIN. For the first excursion of the season, unfortunately, the weather turned out wet and stormy, and somewhat marred the pleasure of the visit to a district which abounds in fine scenery and places of interestSample. County Assembling at .Stoke Station, the members drove by way of Milton and Endon to Horton, where the fine church of that parish was inspected. Mr. J. H. Beckett gave an interesting description of the building. He said the Vicar (the Rev. Bennett Blakeway) had kindly supplied him with the result of his investigations with respect to this church. He had very logically comStudiese to the con• clusion that the present church occupied the site more or less of a previous one, this being founded on his own observations and on references to authorities. From what was given in Loxdale's MS., he (the Vicar) deduced that a priest officiated at Horton as early as 1270, and from Sleigh's " Leek " that an Archdeacon of Stafford received payment in connection with the chapel at Horton in 1318. Also, the latter authority stated that Horton, Cheddleton, and Ipstones were chapels-of-ease to Leek up to 1450. From this it might reasonably be concluded that a church existed there from the 13th-century onwards, and to this a north aisle was apparently added about the middle of the 15th-century. This aisle now existed, and was probably the only portion of the previous church remaining, the present chancel, nave, and 168 JOURNAL OF PROCEEDINGS. VOL. XLII.

tower being erected in late Perpendicular or Tudor times. This theory was confirmed (and this the Vicar drew attention to) by the fact that the masonry of this north aisle did not course with that adjoining, the latter being obviously built at a subse• Staffordshirequent date. The tracery of the windows of this north aisle had been renewed, but the old work remaining was good 15th- century Gothic. The remainder of the church was, generally speaking, of the late Perpendicular period, and, though for the most part excellently designed, probably later in the style than might be at first supposed. This did not apply to the south arcade, south aisle, and porch, which were built or re-built about. 40 years ago. The chancel had been modernized to some extent, as would be seen very obviously inside, but the cast window could be criticised from the outside, and did not strike one as at all the sort of thing the designer of the chancel intended. The three-light side windows were a treat in comparison, one of the peculiarities beinSampleg the absenceCounty of cusping in th e heads of the lights, which might be noticed in all the old windows throughout the building. A 13th-ccntury altar-slab, with crosses incised, was now on the south side of the church, and was not in use. The tower was perhaps the most charming part of the whole church. The proportions and detail were excellent, and he knew of no better-designed tower in the neighbourhood. Coming to the interior of the church, the first impression of the chancel was disappointing, as the chancel arch and roof werStudiese very far from harmonising with the old Tudor detail. The cast window did not impress one, but, on the other hand, the screen was a good bit of modern work. That a rood-loft existed was obvious from the doorway in the north wall of the nave. Coming to the nave, it was pretty clear that the north arcade was part of the Tudor re-building, whilst the south arcade was included in the work of 40 years ago. The roof trusses were probably also of the late Tudor date, and, although not of what would be now called scientific construction, seemed to have done their work well for a few centuries. The tower arch was fairly lofty and in two chamfered rings. The lower portion was filled up with an oak- panelled screen, of considerable interest. The south aisle having been re-built about 40 years ago, it was surprising to find the 202 JOURNAL OF PROCEEDINGS. VOL. XLH.

VII.—COVENTRY.

StaffordshireSaturday, October Wth, 1907.

LEADERS—MESSRS. J. R. B. MASEFIELD AND WELLS BLADEN. It being customary for the members of this Club to make their last excursion of the year to some locality beyond the area of their usual operations, no place could have been more happily chosen than Coventry. To this city, so long and intimately connected with the ecclesiastical history of our own County, the last excursion of the year was made. The party was taken charge of by Mr. T. S. Burbidge, who proved a most delightful guide to the archaeological treasures of the " city of the tall spires." Passing up WarwicSamplek Lane, Countypast the restored steepl e of Christ Church—the only remaining portion of the monastery of Grey Friars, built in the reign of Edward III.—on, through Grey Friars Lane—until 1812 the principal entrance into the city on the south-west side—past an early example of timber frame• work at the rear of the " Coventry Arms " to High Street. Cross• ing to Bailey Lane, at the corner a brief halt was made to look at a picturesque half-timber-work house of the time of Henry VII.—now used as a bank, the party proceeded Studiesto St. Mary's Hall, where they were met by the curator, Mr. McKnight. St. Mary's Hall—or rather the greater part of the present building—was begun in 1394, and completed in 1414, but it contains some very much older work. Aid. W. Andrews, F.G.S., of Coventry, considers certain portions of the masonry of what is called Caesar's Tower to be pre-Conquest work. The most famous of the many interesting contents of the Hall is the Tapestry which hangs below the north window. It probably dates from the beginning of the 16th-century, and is supposed to commem• orate the visit of Henry VI. and Queen Margaret to Coventry on September 21st, 1451, when they were the guests of the Prior of the Benedictines for a week. In the Muniment Room the ancient and valuable documents were seen. VOL. XLII. JOURNAL OF PROCEEDINGS. 203

The earliest is a charter from Ranulph, Earl of Chester, of the reign of Henry II. (the Earls of Chester formerly had a castle at Coventry, and the town was divided into two parts—•" the StaffordshireEarl's half" and "the Prior' s half").* Leaving the Hall, the next stopping-place was what is called " Palace Yard," being an ancient house, celebrated in the annals of Coventry. Formerly the residence of the Hopkins' family— whose coat-of-arms was pointed out on a leaden spout on the east side—and, we are told, " of a stately character, sumptuously fitted," it has been degraded into a bottling stores and a motor- parts factory. The Princess Elizabeth, daughter of James I., was removed here from Coombe Abbey on the discovery of the Gunpowder Plot in 1605. In 1687 James II. held full court here, and in 1688 the Princess Anne (afterwards Queen) was a guest, followed in 1690 by Prince George of Denmark. Ford's HospitaSamplel was the nexCountyt stopping-place ; a beautiful and picturesque half-timbered almshouse, founded in 1529 by the will of William Ford, a Coventry merchant. This building is also known as " Grey Friars " Hospital, from either its situation in Grey Friars Lane or its proximity to the Grey Friars Monastery. After passing down Butcher Row, Bull Ring, and Ironmonger Row—-three of the old streets, the party returned for lunch to the King's Head Hotel, from a top window of whicStudiesh the in• quisitive tailor, " Peeping Tom," looks down on modern Coventry ; a sad downfall for a figure made in the reign of Henry VII. as an effigy of St. George for one of the religious houses of the city ! After luncheon the party were met at St. Michael's Church by the Rev. J. H. B. Masterman, M.A., of Queen's College, Birmingham, the newly-appointed vicar, and Mr. A. J. Brookes, a member of the vestry of the church, who gave a lucid account of his ideas respecting the building. St. Michael's Church is an

* Coventry has older charters than these, the most ancient having been discovered some twenty years ago by Dr. de Grey Birch. This, which is in the British Museum, is an Anglo-Saxon MS. of Edward the Confessor, converting a nunnery of the Order of St. Benedict into a monastery. In this charter the name of the Countess Godiva (Godgyuce) appears in conjunction with that of her husband, Leofric, as a benefactor. Whilst the Earl gave part of the " vill " and twenty- four manors to the church, she gave gold, silver, and other ornaments to the abbey, "and to do so." says Timmins, "literally stripped herself thereof." 204 JOURNAL OF PROCEEDINGS. VOL. XLlt.

early and remarkably fine specimen of Perpendicular architecture, with a fine tower and spire. As the church now exists, it was practically erected between 1373 and the middle of the next century, and was the outcome of the munificence of the Botoner Staffordshirefamily at Coventry. Leaving St. Michael's, Holy Trinity was visited, where the party were met by the Rev. Canon Beaumont, who conducted them over the building. The oldest part of the present church dates from the middle of the 13th-century—the remaining por• tions (except tower and spire, rebuilt 1667) is but a little older than St. Michael's. The old stone pulpit, brass eagle, font (Decorated), and Elizabethan alms-box all attracted attention. After leaving Holy Trinity, the principal places on the pro• gramme having been visited, the party viewed the remains of the Cathedral (circa. 1260), the remains of the Swanswell or Priory Gate—one of the few remaining portions of the ancient fortifica• tions of the citySample; the church Countyof St. John's Hospital , converted into a grammar school in 1572, and now used as a mission room ; and also paid a visit to the cellars of Messrs. Collins & Co., wine merchants, which are said to have been built in the chancel of the Cathedral, and where some remarkable fungus was examined. The weather was delightful—it was a real St. Luke's summer day—and before leaving for home thanks to the leaders were given. The return journey was made via Birmingham,Studies just before arriving at which city the train passed through a thunderstorm. VOL. XLII. EVENING MEETINGS. 205

Staffordshire EVENING MEETINGS.

I.—NEWCASTLE.

Wednesday, November 20th, 1907. The first Evening Meeting of this Club for the current winter season was held in the Council Chamber of the Municipal Build• ings, Newcastle. Mr. W. D. Spanton occupied the chair, and there was a large attendance. The new members elected included one each from Shropshire, Derbyshire, Worcestershire, and Warwickshire, and Mr. W. Wells Bladen remarked that these new members desireSampled to join Countychiefly in order to obtain copies of the Club's " Transactions." The President said one of the original members of the Club, Mr. J. L. Cherry, of Stafford, had recently suffered a sad loss in the death of his wife, and he thought it would be comforting to him to feel that the sympathy of the members of the Club went out to him in his sorrow. He proposed the following resolu• tion :—" The members of the North StaffordshireStudies Field Club desire to express their sympathy with Mr. J. L. Cherry in the bereavement that has recently befallen him." Mr. Wells Bladen seconded this resolution, which was passed. Mr. J. H. Beckett then read a paper, consisting of " Notes on the Dutch Tour, by members of the Sketching and Photo• graphic Sections." In addition to the general notes compiled by himself, Mr. Beckett read notes by Mr. W. H. Rider, leader of the excursion; Mr. A. F. Wenger, Mr. J. T. Brealey, and Mr. J. 0. Bladen. A large number of sketches and photographs, made by members during the tour, were exhibited around the room, and attracted much attention, the pictures covering a Wide range of Dutch scenery, architecture, &c. Specimens of Delft ware and other interesting objects were also exhibited. 206 EVENING MEETINGS. VOL. XLII.

Mr. B. Bryan, of Longton, read a paper, giving the result of original observations of the habits of the common lizard and blind-worm. The paper contained an amount of detailed informa• tion concerning these reptiles, the whole being the results of Mr. StaffordshireBryan's careful observation of lizards and blind-worms preserved by himself. Hearty votes of thanks were passed to Messrs. Beckett and Bryan for their papers. In reference to the latter, the President said it revealed the true instinct of a naturalist. Mr. Masefield referred to the observations of Mr. Bryan as very valuable. He had added a great deal to their knowledge of these reptiles. His observations were new. He added that ladies need not think these creatures were objectionable to keep, and mentioned that he knew of a lady who kept a pet blind-worm in her work-basket for sixteen years. No doubt reptiles and birds were very closely allied indeed. Sample At the close of the meeting, lighCountyt refreshments wer e served.

11 .—STOKE-ON-TRENT.

Thursday, January 22nd, 1908. Studies The second Evening Meeting of the season was held at the North Stafford Hotel, Stoke, on Thursday evening. Mr. W. D. Spanton, President, occupied the chair and there was a good attendance. An interesting collection of sketches by members of the Sketching Section was exhibited in the room. Mr. Masefield exhibited a British pseudo-scorpion, Obisium museorum, which was found in decaying leaves. Specimens have been discovered locally by Mr. Masefield, Mr. E. D. Bostock, Mr. B. Bryan, and Mr. Jahn. It is an exceedingly interesting family of insects, and diligent search is being made for other members of it. Some admirable sketches and photographs were on view, amongst the artists represented being Mr. E. B. Wain, the Rev. C. F. L. Barnwell, Mr. C. J. Eardley, Mr. Stubbs, Miss Meigh, and Mr. Jenkinson (photographs), Messrs. W. H. Rider, J. Brcarley and Staffordshire APPENDIX.

THE DALTRY LIBRARY.

ADDITIONS, TO MAY, 1908.

BRITISH MUSEUM PUBLICATIONS. General Guide. Guide to Fossil Repli'.ia. Guide to Fossil SampleInvertebrates. County Guide to Great Game Animals. Guide to Linnceus Exhibition. Guide to Mammalia. Guide to Old Natural History Books. Guide to Plant Classification. Guide to Reptilia. Illustrations of British Blood-sucking Flies. Studies List of British Seed Plants and Ferns. Oates, Eugene W. Catalogue of the Collection of Eggs, vol. iv.

Geological Society of London, History of, 8vo. Illustrated, 1907. Johnson, T. Fielding. Glimpses of Ancient Leicester. Leicester and District, Guide to. Prepared for Meeting of British Association, 1907. Staffordshire, Victoria History of, vol. i. Traquair, Dr., F.R.S. Report on Fossil Fishes Collected by the Survey of Scotland, &c. Paper covers. Year-book of the Scientific and Learned Societies of Great Britain and Ireland, 1907, 8vo. Zoologist, The. 1st Series, vols. 1, 2, 3, 5. 4 vols. VOL. XLII. APPENDIX. 217

TRANSACTIONS OF SOCIETIES. Architectural Societies (Associated), Reports and Papers, vol. 28. British Association for the Advancement of Science, 1907. StaffordshireCardiff Naturalists' Society. Illustrated, 1904-6. 2 vols. Coiteswold Naturalists' Field Club, vols. 13, 14, 15. 2 vols. Derbyshire Archaeological and Natural History Society, vol. 30, 1906. Edinburgh Geological Society. Illustrated, vol. viii. Essex Field Club, vol. 14. Glasgow, Natural History Society of, vol. 7, 1902-5. Manchester Field Naturalists' and Archaeologists' Society. 1901-6. Illustrated, 8vo. Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society, vol. 51. Manchester Microscopical Society. Reports, 1903-6. Palceontological Society. Transactions, vol. 61. Illustrated 4to. Southport Society of Natural Science. Reports, 1902-7. Yorkshire Naturalists' Union. The Algae-Flora of Yorkshire. Ditto Sampleditto CountyThe Fungus-Flora of Yorkshire. Ditto ditto North Yorkshire : Studies of its Botany, Geology, Climate, and Physical Geography. Zoological Society, Zoological Records, vols. 40, 41, 42, 43. Instituto Geologico de Mexico, Boletin del, Num. 23, 24. Paper Covers. Illustrated. 3 vols. Philadelphia, The Academy of Natural Sciences of, Studiesvol. 59.

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.

Annual Reports, 27, 28. 2 vols. Professional Paper, 57. 1 vol. Bulletins, 275, 279, 283-287, 290, 292, 295 297, 298, 300, 301, 303, 306-309, 312, 314, 316, 319, 321, 322, 325-327, 330, 331, 333, 334, 336, 339, 8vo. Illustrated. 35 vols. Mineral Resources, 1905, 1906. 2 vols. Water-Supply Papers, 162, 163, 189-193, 207, 209, 210, 213-217. 13 vols. Production of Coal, 1905. 1 vo'. The Cretaceous Flora of Southern New York and New England. Illustrated, 4to. 1 vol.