North Staffordshire Naturalists' Field Club and Archaeological Society Was Held on Thursday Night, at the North Stafford Hotel, Stoke, Mr

Staffordshire

SampleCounty

AND

ARCHAEOLOGICASampleCountyL SOCIETY .

ANNUAL EEPORTStudies.

1886.

P. DILWORTH, PRINTER, NEWCASTLE. OFFICERS. y 1886-7. PRESIDENT: J. T. ARLIDGE, ESQ., A.M., M.D., LOND. StaffordshireVICE-PRESIDENT S : R. GARNER, ESQ., P.L.S. W. LITCHFIELD, ESQ. W. D. SPANTON, ESQ., P.R.C.S. W. H. GOSS, ESQ., P.G.S., P.M.S (Delegate to the British Aaociation.) A. LEECH, ESQ., P.G S. JAMES YATES, ESQ. A. M. MCALDOWIE, ESQ., M.D. T. WARDLE, ESQ., P.Q.S., F C.S. C. L WRAQGE, ESQ., P.R.G.S., P.M.S. 0. LTNAM, ESQ., P.R.I.B.A. T. S. WILKINS, ESQ. J. WARD, ESQ., P.O.8. REV. W. EARLE, M.A. W. S. BROUQH, ESQ. W. WELLS BLADEN, ESQ. REV. THOS. W. DALTRT, M.A. P.L.S. JOHN R. B. MASEPIELD, ESQ. M.A. E. EARL, ESQ. J. BLAIKIK, ESQ., P.G.S., I'.L.S. W. CHALLINOR, ESQ., M.A. JOHN RIDGWAY, ESQ. ALEX. SCRIVENER, ESQ. REV. D. EDWARDES, M.A. J. L. CHERRY, ESQ. F. E. KITCHENER, ESQ., M.A., F.L.S. A. SMITH, ESQ. T. J. ROBINSON, ESQ., P.G.S. E. BRUNT, ESQ., F.G.S., P.N.HIST.S. JAMES KIRKBY, ESQ. TREASURER: W. DUNNETT SPANTON, ESQ. SECRETARY: SampleCounty LIBRARIAN: REV. THOS. W. DALTRY. J. BLAIKIE, ESQ.

LOCAL SECRETARIES; LOCAL TREASURERS:

B0RSLEM AND TUNSTALL . MR. D. SHERWIN .. MR. E. PORRKSTER HUGHES. CHEADLE . MR. J. R. B. MASEPIELD .. MR. J. HUMPHREYS. HANLEY . MR. W. HAMPTON .. MR. L. H. JAHN. LEEK ... . MR. W. E. CHALLINOR .. MR. J. B. BLADES. LONGTON . MR. J. WARD .. MR. G. A. MITCHESON. NEWCASTLE . MR. W. H. EARL ... .. MR. E. EARL. STOKE . MR. J. KIRKBY ...... MR. A. SCRIVENER. STONE MR. W. H. BISHOP REV. W. EARLE. UTTOXETER . MR. T. S. WILKINS MR. E. ASBURYStudies. COMMITTEE: MR. W. B. ALLISON. MR. THOMAS HAMPTON. MR. T. BLACK8HAW. MR. L. H. JAHN. MR. EDWIN BOSTOCK, F.L.S. MR. THOS. A. RICKMAN. MR. F. J. EMERY. MR. T. J. SMITH. MR. S. EYRE. MR. J. E. WORTH. LIBRARY COMMITTEE: THE PRESIDENT. MR. ALEX. SCRIVENER. MR. BLAIKIE. MR. SPANTON. MR. T. HAMPTON. MR. J. WARD. MR. W. HAMPTON. THE SECRETARY. COLLECTOR: MR. W. K. MOSTON, 24, CHEAPSIDE, HANLEY, To whom all Subscriptions, without exception, are to be paid. EXCURSIONS AND EVENING MEETINGS. 1886-7.

Staffordshire EXCURSIONS ; LEADER : 1—Thursday, April 29th, Gawsworth \ ^ Scrivener and Marion ...... j

2—Thursday, May 20th, Whitmore, ) m A ^h Maer, and Broughton ...... f

3—Thursday, June 17th, Cannock Chase, | in conjunction with the Chester > Mr. Masefield. Society of Natural Science ... J

4—Tuesday and Wednesday, July 20th ) ^e Secretar and 21st, Church Stretton ... J '

5—Saturday, August 21st, Trentham, ) T1 p, Sample -i f 7T 7 T 7 (*i County_£ f J-lid L lGSlvlGllU . Hanchurch and bwynnerton ... J

6—Wednesday, September 22nd, Battle- l ^r field and Haughmond Abbey ... ) ' •*

7-Wednesday, October 20th, M^U^ Manor ...... J StudiesJ

EVENING MEETINGS : LOCAL SECRETARY ." —

1—Thursday, November 18th, New- 1 Mr w H Earl castle ...... J

2—Thursday, January 20th, Hartley ... Mr. W. Hampton.

3—Thursday, February 17, Uttoxeter... Mr. T. S. Wilkins.

4—Thursday, March 17th, Stoke-on- \ ^ Kirkb Trent—Annual Meeting J ' •'' StaffordshireREPOR T

Read at the Twenty-first Annual Meeting, held at Stoke-upon-Trent,

March 18th, 1886.

Your Committee are now in the position of being able to con• gratulate the assembled members on the completion of the twenty- first year of the existence of the Worth Staffordshire Naturalists' Field Club and Archaeological Society. To-day the Club comes of age. Twenty-one years have glided by since a small company were gathered together by Mr. Spanton at the Old Etruria Infirmary, the effect of whosSamplee deliberations Countywas the ushering int o existence of the North Staffordshire Naturalists' Field Club, which was its title for eleven years, and who were the nucleus of the ever lengthening list of members, which appears from year to year in the Report. And your Committee cannot but feel that the position taken by the Club among kindred societies has fully justified its existence ; it is one of the few local societies privileged to send a delegate to the meetings of the British Association : its published papers and addresses testify to the ability and devotioStudiesn to science of its leading members, and its annual reports, which have gone on steadily increasing in bulk until that of last year contained 140 pages of closely printed matter, amply prove their industry, and their desire to popularise science. And if it be asserted that all this is the work of but a few, yet it is to be feared that this is the expe• rience of most societies of the kind—" non cuivis contingit adire Corinthum"—there must be listeners as well as speakers, learners as well as teachers, and after all it is a matter of no little satisfac• tion that so many persons in this busy district have from time to time been brought together to participate in the excursions and evening meetings, and to listen to papers and discussions on Natural History aud Archaeology. It is certainly an evidence that there is a growing desire for instruction in these things—that there is in most people an inborn love of nature, and a desire for an intelligent acquaintance of her workings. The object of such societies is not only to make scientific researches and investigations, but also, and JO

Staffordshire

SECTIONAL REPORTS.

I.—ENTOMOLOGY.

There is so very little to be said of the proceedings of the ento• mological section during the past year, that the only excuse I can offer for putting forth a report at all would seem to be that of all the sections which were founded in the year 1876 the entomological alone has made a continuous yearly report, and I am therefore naturally unwillinSampleg to let even onCountye year pass withou t some record. I may as well say at once that there are no additions to be made to the North Staffordshire list of Lepidoptera ; at the same time a few insects have been noticed which have only been recorded once or twice previously. For instance, Acherontia Atropos, the Death's Head moth, is reported in the larval stage from Uttoxeter, and although there are plenty of records of this fine moth from Burton - on-Trent, I do not think that our transactions contain more than one other instance of its appearance in North Staffordshire, and that occurred at Madeley, where a larva, which had Studiesbeen injured by the digging-fork, was brought to me from a potato field. In the same way Sphinx Gonoolvuli, the convolvulus hawk moth, has for the second time put in an appearance at Madeley. These two, the largest of British moths, have, however, been abnormally plentiful in England during the past autumn ; and this fact suf• ficiently accounts for their re-appearance in this district. Another of the hawk moths, Chcerocampa Celerio, and a still scarcer one, has been unusually abundant in the southern counties, but we have no record of it at present from North Staffordshire.

The comparative abundance of these three insects in England was, however, exceptional, for the autumn, which is the time of year in which they appear, was otherwise anything but a prolific one. Many of the common butterflies, which may usually be seen flitting about in every garden in August and September, and which in the previous year were very abundant, were all but entirely 19

Staffordshire

EXCURSIONS.

I.—BLITHFIELD, ABBOT'S BROMLEY, AND HOAR CROSS.

TUESDAY, APRIL 25TH, 1885. SampleCounty (From the Staffordshire Sentinel).

This was the first excursion of the present season. The weather waa golden, and more reminiscent of summer than of spring. Nearly sixty members put in an appearance, to be rewarded by a day of gorgeous sun- niness, and by glimpses of one of the grandest parks, of one of the most venerable and historically-interesting churches, and of th:> most elaborate of all village fanes within the county of Stafford.

From the usual starting-point, Stoke-on-Trent, the memberStudiess proceeded by train in their customary saloon carriage to Uttoxeter, the " Uttok- cestre" of Leland, and the " Uttocester" of Erdeswick, to be famed throughout all time for the noted penance undergone by that most massive of all Staffordshire intellects, Dr. .Samuel Johnson, in the Market-place of the old town not less than for the traces of Roman encampments which exist not far from its boundaries.

It was not, however, the intention of the members to halt at Uttoxeter for the purpose of viewing its points of interest, or of seeking an inspec• tion of that charter which Earl Ferrers, in 1252, granted to the worthy Uttoxeter burgesses. Vehicles were in readiness at the railway station to convey the members of the club to Bagot's Park, and upon a signal from the leader of the excursion, Mr. T. S. Wilkins, of Uttoxeter, who awaited the arrival of the party, the members were soon whisked away from those wonderful pastures of the Dove whereof Leland writes so glibly. After a drive of more than half-a-dozen miles throngh budding hedgerows, the banks of which were here and there dotted with clustering primroses, lilied anemones, and other spring flowers, and through occa• sional stretches of wood, in which the bright green tints of the newly- expanded, feather-like foliage of the larch contrasted strongly with the darker tints of the Scotch fir and with the as-yet-naked, unfoliaged Staffordshire

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Studies 125

Staffordshire

ANNUAL MEETING.

STOKE-UPON-TRENT, THURSDAY, MARCH 18TH, 1886.

Sample(From the StaffordshireCounty Sentinel.)

The twenty first annual meeting of the North Staffordshire Naturalists' Field Club and Archaeological Society was held on Thursday night, at the North Stafford Hotel, Stoke, Mr. Alexander Scrivener (president) in the chair. There was a large attendance of members, ladies and gentlemen, representative of the whole district. On the tables the usual display of specimens and objects of interest was laid out, and embraced a curious selection. Amongst the books was a copy of the first edition of Dr. Johnson'Studiess tragedy of Irene, published in the year 1749, and Thomson's Edward and Eleanora, the property of Mr. A. Leech, F.G.S. The volume has a peculiar interest to Staffordshire, on account of the local fame of its author. The tragedy proved a comparative failure, only running for a few nights at Drury Lane. The leading part, that of Deme• trius, was taken by Dr. Johnson's friend, David Garrick; the chief lady being the once well-known Mrs. Cibber, who played the r61e of Aspasia. Mr. E. Earl had on view a copy of Kirby and Spence's " Introduction to Entomology," a quantity of coins and fossilised ammonites in excellent condition, recovered at Lyme Eegis, Dorset• shire. A copy of " The postage and telegraph stamps of Great Britain," issued by the Philatelic Society, and a further collection of coins was lent by Mr. W. H. Earl; and Dr. A. Macindoe, exhibited a number of beetles and other insects common to Central America. Mr. E. Hewitt displayed a complete series of Mudie's National Medals, commemorative of British victories (forty in THE Staffordshire METEOROLOGY OF BURSLEM,

FOR

THE YEARS 1882-3-4-5, SampleCounty

FROM

DIURNAL OBSERVATIONS Studies

BY.

JNO. ED. WORTH, F.R. MET. SOC,

Assoc. Mem. Inst. C.E., London. Staffordshire

METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS, 1882. (As supplied Monthly to the Registrar General, Somerset House, London.)

Taken at Burslem at a Station 556-5 feet above mean sea level at Liverpool. Latitude 63° 3' N. Longitude 2° 10' W.

Mean Tem• WIND RAIN Temperature of Air in Month Vapour 0 Pressure of perature Atmosphere in Relative proportion of Month Mean. In a cubic Month Elas- foot Amount ji air High• Low• Of all Of all Dew o f Ai r Range Daily Air tie Col• "Short 0— 6 N. o f Humidit y est est High• Low• point E. S. W. •01 0 o r Mea n Degre e lected Range force Mea n weigh t of Satu Strengt h Mean o f a cubi c foo t mor e fel l Cal m Saturation=10 0 Mean Range est est Estimate d 0—10

ration No . o f Day s

Deg. 1882. Inches Inches Deg. Deg. Deg. Deg. Deg.Sample Deg. Deg.County Inch. Gr'ns Gr'ns Gr'ns Inches January... 50-7 29-4 21-3 43-3 35-8 7-5 39-4 0-4 3 16 12 1 8-4 13 2-393 41-0 February 30-185 "i-697 52-2 28-4 23-8 44-8 38-0 6-8 0-4 3 2 13 10 7-9 15 2-195 March ... 29-945 1-771 59-2 29-4 29-8 49-5 37-6 11-9 42-5 0-6 3 12 16 7-1 13 2-495 April 29-755 1-384 58-8 310 27-8 62-1 39-3 12-8 44-4 0-5 8 i'6 11 6 6-8 18 3-734 May 30-029 1-144 69-8 86-8 33-0 59-8 45-5 14-3 61-5 ... 0-5 3 8 13 7 4-7 14 1-860 June 29-868 1-090 73-2 41-7 31-5 61-5 47-7 13-8 62-9 0-6 6 2 S 12 "i 8-0 21 6-893 July 29-797 1-147 75-7 45-5 30-2 67-6 50-4 17-2 57-0 0-5 2 20 9 8-3 25 4-488 August ... 29-876 1-156 75-8 44-4 31-4 65-8 61-5 14-3 56-8 6T6 83 0-4 8 "i .8 12 ..1. 7-3 17 3-467 September 29-857 1-179 66-6 37-4 29-2 60-5 45-8 14-7 52-4 46-0 79 0-3 8 5 11 6 6-8 16 2-099 October ... 29-828 1-413 64-6 •29-3 35-3 53-6 42-3 11-3 47-4 43-8 88 0-5 8 12 10 6 7-2 23 4-846 November 29-668 •957 56-5 26-6 29-9 46-3 35-7 10-6 40-6 37-0 87 0-5 6 4 6 14 6-8 23 6-480 December. 29-639 1-241 62-7 15-6 37-1 40-5 33-6 6-9 37-2 35-1 92 Studies0-5 7 4 11 9 8-8 20 4-884 Barometer corrected and reduced to 32° Fab. at sea level. Highest reading of Barometer 30-775 on 20th February. Highest reading of Thermometer in shade, 75-8° on 9th Aug. Lowest do. do. 28-805 on 1st March. Lowest do. do. do. 15-6° on 12th Dee. Range of Atmospheric Pressure during year, l-970 inches. Range of Temperature during the year 60-2 degrees. Thermometric readings taken four feet above the ground in shade. Observations taken at 9 a.m. and 9 p.m. daily. REGISTER OF RAINFALL. Collected at Burslem, from 1st January to 31st December, 1882.

Measured at 9 a.m. Latitude 53° 3' N.; Longitude 2° 10' W. Staffordshire556'5 feet abov e mean sea level.

Day of JAN. FEB. MAR. APR. MAY JUNE JULY AUG. SEPT OCT. NOV. DEC. Month

1 •054 •727 •134 •025 •125 •174 •217 •148 2 •319 •078 •063 •028 •038 •293 •141 •172 •008 3 •203 •276 •012 •006 •006 •207 •152 •142 •141 4 •108 •007 •228 •456 •bio •282 •041 •703 •414 5 •208 •008 •578 •112 •002 •018 •018 •004 •889 6 •005 •046 •207 •007 •557 •215 •008 •036 •006 •071 7 •039 •030 •010 •313 •639 •005 •247 •448 8 •012 •061 •105 •423 •079 9 •303 •271 •005 •161 •437 •053 •004 •244 •028 •049 10 •003 •008 •103 •415 •075 •298 11 •037 •146 •018 •168 •346 •023 12 •007 •bio •019 •219 •520 •253 •205 13 •008 •005 •303 •041 •064 •161 •219 •618 14 •014 •121 •259 •178 •455 •198 •112 •139 15 •037 •398 •009 •040 •145 •065 •087 •002 •016 16 •070 •006 •339 •684 •190 •199 •bio •018 17 •095 •006 •042 •315 •031 •140 •120 18 •008 •010 Sample•198 •128 •086 •010 •086 County•076 19 •095 •029 •464 •101 •160 •219 20 •200 •344 •008 •022 •338 •341 •101 21 •193 •165 •048 •130 •105 •065 •285 •093 •006 22 •006 •031 •178 •079 •828 •141 •379 •125 23 •442 •215 •382 •621 •178 •248 •073 •069 24 •105 •298 •270 •023 •274 •034 •518 •080 •079 1-372 •030 25 •005 •053 •225 •084 •040 •318 •158 •087 •060 •321 •004 •008 26 •110 •618 •071 •235 •040 •006 •829 •018 •237 •289 27 •005 •572 •011 •074 •439 •040 •148 •197 28 •028 •119 •552 •175 •116 •278 •008 •001 •841 •004 •078 •060 •285 •056 29 •566 •262 •023 •359 •340 •470 •098 •006 SO •283 •012 •728 •048 •008 31 •226 •423 •021 •iis •092 Studies

Total Rainfall 2-393 2-195 2-496 8-734 1-860 6-893 4-488 3-467 2-099 4-846 5-480 4-884 for Month

Greatest •566 •572 •727 •728 •439 •618 •639 •634 •340 1-37S •708 •889 on Fall in on on on on on on on on on on on 6th 24 hoars 29th 27th 1st. 30th 27th 14th 7th 16th 29th 25 th 4th

No. of Days on 13 15 13 18 14 21 25 17 16 23 23 20 which •010 or more fell

Readings are entered against the day on which they are read. Total Rainfall in the above twelve months 43'834 inches.

Number of days on which -010 or more rain fell 218. Greatest fall in 24 hours, 1-372 inches, on 25th October. 147

StaffordshireLIST OF MEMBERS CORRECTE D TO MARCH, 1887.

TOTAL ZDsTTJIMIIBIEia, 385.

HONORARY MEMBERS. Dunedin, Right Rev. the Bishop of, D.D., Otago, N.Z. Davis, J. E., 4, Whitehall Place, London. Broad, Rev. J. S., M.A., Pentney Vicarage, Swaffham, Norfolk. Garner, R., F.R.C.S., F.L.S., Stoke, Vice-President. Bonney, Professor T. G., D.Sc, LL.D., F.R.S., F.G.S., 23, Denning Road, Hampstead, N.W.

ORDINARY MEMBERS. Acton, John, HillsidSamplee Villa, Stoke CountyBaker, J., 47, Soh o Hill, Birming• Adams, Frank, Stoke ham Adams, Richard, Liverpool-road, Bakewell, A. E., Great Fenton Stoke Ball, D., F.R.C.S., The Shirleys, Alcock, John, M.R.C.S., Burslem Macclefield Allen, Miss, Liehfield-street, Bamber, W. H., Liverpool-road, Hanley Stoke

Allen, W. S. ) Woodhead Barke, F., Stoke

Allen, Mrs. I w *Ti Barke, Mrs. ALLENJ Wm. ) Hall, Cheadle Barker, Ed.,Chapel-street, Cheadle Arlidge, J. T., M.D., Lond., The Barker, Rev. RichardStudies, Noah's Ark, High Grove, Stoke, PRESI• Uttoxeter DENT Barlow, George, Hanley Asbury, Edward, Uttoxeter Bartlett, William. M.R.C.S., L.D.S., Asbury, Mrs. 25, Ironmarket, Newcastle Ash, Frederic, Stoke Ville, Stoke Baxter, Miss, Mayfield House, Ash, Mrs. Newcastle Ashdown, Miss, Cottage Hospital, Beach, F., National Provincial Longton Bank, Stone Ashdown, Rev. G. M., Ruabon, N. Beardmore, Jeremiah, Bucknall Wales Bebbington, James, 8, Bethesda- Ashwell, John B., Stoke street, Hanley Ashworth, Miss, Kingsland, New• Bickley, T., Broad-street, Hanley castle Bilton, Ernest, Regent-st., Stoke Astbury, G. S., Eccleshall Birks, Arthur, Ivy Cottage, Great Astley, D. G., Shelton-under- Fenton Harley, Newcastle Bishop, W. H, The Radfords, Audley, James A., Mechanics' In• Stone stitute, Hanley Blackshaw, T., Burslem Averill, Mrs., Bank House, Longton Blackshaw, Miss Bladen, Wm., 17, Newcastle-road, Baines, A., Lichfield House, Hanley Hanley 154

OOlsTTEUTS. PAGE List of Officers, 1886-7 2 Excursions and Evening Meetings 3 Treasurer's Report 4 Report of Committee ... 5 StaffordshireSectional Reports :— I. Entomology ...... 10 II. Zoology 12 Excursions :— I. Blithfield, Abbot's Bromley, and Hoar Cross 19 II. Yarlet, Chartley, and Stowe 24 Address by Rev. J. G. Wood, M.A., F.L.S., " A Country Walk" 24 Paper by Mr. J. R. B. Masefield, M.A., " The Wild Cattle of Chartley Park" 32 Paper by Mr. E. T. Tylecote, M.D., Chartley and Stowe" 35 III. Hereford, Ross, Monmouth, Tintern, and Chepstow 42 List of Plants found by Mr. E. W. Hollinshead 44 TV. Brewood, Boscobel, and White Ladies" 46 Paper read by Mr. Penderel Brodhurst, " Boscobel" ... 47 Address by Mr. Lynam, F.R.I.B.A., " White Ladies" ... 49 V. Dimsdale, Chesterton, Audley, and Betley 51 Papers by A. Leech, F.G.S. :— 1. SampleDimsdale and itsCounty Historic Associations 51 2. Old Chesterton 53 3. Audley and its Historic Associations 55 4. Historic Sketch of Betley 57 VI. Southwell 67 Paper by Mr. A. Scrivener 67 VII. Wrenbury and Combermere Abbey 69 Evening Meetings :— Leek (not held) 75 I. Hanley 75 Paper by Mr. W. D. Prendergast, M.D., M.C.H., M.A.O., " The Osteological Identity of the VertebrataStudies" ... 77 Paper by Mr. E. Hewitt, " Coins and Medals, &c." .. 85 II. Cheadle 96 Paper by Mr. J. R. B. Masefield, " M.A., " The Land and Fresh Water Shells of North Staffordshire" ... 98 Paper by Mr. A. M. M'Aldowie, M.D., " The Development and Decay of the Pigment Layer on Birds' Eggs"... 113 Paper by Mr. R. Garner, F.L.S., " Blackberries" ... 121 III. Stoke—Annual Meeting 125 Annual Address by the President, Mr. A. Scrivener ... 128 Autobiography of Mr. R. Garner, F.L.S., vide Frontis• piece 130 Meteorological Observations at Burslem, by Mr. J. E. Worth 135 Rainfall in 1886, by Mr. J. B. Piercy 144 Catalogue of Books 145 Associated Societies 146 List of Members 147 Rules ...... ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• • • ••• ••• 153

P. DILWORTH, PRINTER, NEWCASTLE.