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Pdf 420.71 K 151 داوري و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران / ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﻗﺎرچ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه آﻻﻳﻨﺪه ﻫﺎي ﻧﻔﺘﻲ ... / رﺳﺘﻨﻴﻬﺎ، ﺟﻠﺪ )1(12 ، 1390 / 151 رﺳﺘﻨﻴﻬﺎ Rostaniha 12(1): 1-12 (2011) (1390 ) -1 12 :( )1 12 ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﻗﺎرچ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه آﻻﻳﻨﺪه ﻫﺎي ﻧﻔﺘﻲ در ﺷﻤﺎل ﻏﺮب اﻳﺮان Identification of some fungal species involved in biodegradation of petroleum pollutants in Northwest of Iran درﻳﺎﻓﺖ /6/3: 1389 / ﭘﺬﻳﺮش : /Received: 25.08.2010 / Accepted: 05.04.2011 1390 16/1 ﻣﻬﺪي داوري : ﻣ ﺮﺑﻲ ﮔﺮوه ﮔﻴﺎه ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻣﺤﻘﻖ اردﺑﻴﻠـﻲ، ,M. Davari : Instructor, Department of Plant Protection University of Mohaghegh Ardebili, P.O. Box 179, اردﺑﻴﻞ، ﺻﻨﺪوق ﭘﺴﺘﻲ Ardebil, Iran 179 (E-mail: mdavari@uma.ac.ir) (E-mail: mdavari@uma.ac.ir) ﻣﻬﺪي ارزﻧﻠﻮ : اﺳﺘﺎدﻳﺎر ﮔﺮوه ﮔﻴﺎه ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺰ، ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺰ M. Arzanlou: Assistant Prof., Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, اﺳﺪاﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﺑﺎي اﻫﺮي : اﺳﺘﺎد ﮔﺮوه ﮔﻴﺎه ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺰ ، ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺰ Tabriz, Iran A. Babai-Ahari: Prof., Department of Plant Protection, ﭼﻜﻴﺪه University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran ﺑﻪ دﻟﻴﻞ اﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻗﺎرچ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮوه " ﻣﺨﻤﺮﻫﺎي ﺳﻴﺎه" در ﻣﺤﻴﻂ زﻳﺴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺼﻮص ﻧﻘﺶ آن ﻫﺎ در ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ آﻻﻳﻨﺪه ﻫﺎي ﻧﻔﺘﻲ و Black yeast fungi play critical role in degradation of ﻋﺪم اﻃﻼع ﻛﺎﻓﻲ از ﻗﺎرچ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺰﺑﻮر در اﻳﺮان، ﺗﻨﻮع زﻳﺴﺘﻲ اﻳﻦ ﮔﺮوه از petroleum polluted soils. Little attention has been paid to the biodiversity of black yeast fungi in Iran. In this paper, ﻗﺎرچ ﻫﺎ در دو ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺰ و اروﻣﻴﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻋﻤﺪه ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ و diversity of black yeast fungi was studied in petroleum ﭘﺎﻻﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺷﻤﺎل ﻏﺮب ﻛﺸﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ . ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ، ، polluted soils in Tabriz and Urmia regions. Soil samples ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮداري از ﺧﺎك ﻫﺎي آﻟﻮده ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮاد ﻧﻔﺘﻲ ﻣﺤﻮﻃﻪ اﻧﺒﺎرﻫﺎي ﻧﻔﺖ were collected from petroleum polluted areas in vicinity of ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺰ و اروﻣﻴﻪ در ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن 1388 اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ . ﺟﺪاﺳﺎزي ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ oil storage tanks in Tabriz and Urmia cities (East and West روش ﺷﻨﺎورﺳﺎزي در روﻏﻦ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ ﺑﺎ اﻧﺪﻛﻲ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات روي ﻣﺤﻴﻂ Azarbaijan provinces) in summer 2009. Isolation was ﻛﺸﺖ اﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻲ ﻣﻴﻜﻮﺳﻞ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ و در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﺗﻌﺪاد 38 ﺟﺪاﻳﻪ carried out by using "floatation in mineral oil" method with ﺑﺎ ﭘﺮﮔﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻴﺮه رﻧﮓ ﺟﺪ اﺳﺎزي ﺷﺪ . ﺟﺪاﻳﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻗﺎرﭼﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ از minor modifications on Mycosel medium. In total, 38 ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﺳﺎزي ﺑﻪ روش ﻣﺨﻄﻂ ﻧﻤﻮدن ﻣﻜﺮر، از روي isolates with melanized colonies were recovered and then ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت رﻳﺨﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ و ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ، purified using repeated streaking method. Fungal isolates ﺗﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ . ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه، were identified based on morphological charactersitics to ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي species level as Exophiala heteromorpha , E. spinirera , ،E. spinifera ،Exophiala heteromorpha E. xenobiotica , Cadophora malorum , Alternaria malorum , Alternaria ،Cadophora malorum ،E. xenobiotica Cladosporium cladosporioides ،malorum و Cladosporium cladosporioides and Aureobasidium pullulans ; Aureobasidium pullulans ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ از ﺑﻴﻦ آن ﻫﺎ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي , of those Exophiala heteromorpha , E. pinifera A. pullulans ،E. xenobiotica ، E. spinifera ،E. heteromorpha و E. xenobiotica , urobasidium pullulans and Cadophora C. malorum ﺑﺮاي ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ ﺑﺎر از اﻳﺮان ﮔﺰارش ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ و ﮔﺰارش malorum represent new records for mycobiota of Iran and ﺑﻘﻴﻪ ﻗﺎرچ ﻫﺎ از ﺧﺎك ﻫﺎي آﻟﻮده ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮاد ﻧﻔﺘﻲ ﺑﺮاي اﻳﺮان ﺟﺪﻳﺪ the rest are new reports from petroleum polluted soils in ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ . .Iran واژه ﻫﺎي ﻛﻠﻴﺪي : آﻻﻳﻨﺪه ﻫﺎي ﻧﻔﺘﻲ، ﺗﻨﻮع زﻳﺴﺘﻲ، زﻳﺴﺖ ﺳﺎﻟﻢ ﺳﺎزي، ,Keywords: Biodiversity, bioremediation, black yeast ﻣﺨﻤﺮ ﺳﻴﺎه petroleum pollutants 2 / 2 داوري و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران / ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﻗﺎرچ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه آﻻﻳﻨﺪه ﻫﺎي ﻧﻔﺘﻲ ... / رﺳﺘﻨﻴﻬﺎ، ﺟﻠﺪ )1(12 ، 1390 ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ را در اﻧﺴﺎن اﻳﺠﺎد ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ . ﺑﺎ اﻳﻦ وﺟﻮد ﺗﻌﺪادي از ﻗﺎرچ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﺳﻮم اﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻗﺎرچ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﻮﺟﻮدات ﻫﻤﻪ ﺟﺎزي در ﺑﻪ ﻣﺨﻤﺮﻫﺎي ﺳﻴﺎه در راﺳﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي دﻳﮕﺮ آﺳﻜﻮﻣﻴﺴﺖ ﻫﺎ ﻗﺮار دارﻧﺪ . زواﻳﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ زﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﺑﺸﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻛﺴﻲ ﭘﻮﺷﻴﺪه ﻧﻴﺴﺖ . ﮔﺴﺘﺮه در ﺟﺪ ول 1 ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﺗﺎﻛﺴﻮﻧﻮﻣﻴﻚ ﺗﻌﺪادي از ﻗﺎرچ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺣﻀﻮر و ﻧﻘﺶ ﺑﻴﻤﺎري زاﻳﻲ آن ﻫﺎ در ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن، ﺣﻴﻮاﻧﺎت و اﻧﺴﺎن ﺑﻪ ﻣﺨﻤﺮﻫﺎي ﺳﻴﺎه ذﻛﺮ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ (,De Hoog & Yurlova 1994 از ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮف و ﻓﻮاﻳﺪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎر آن ﻫﺎ در ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ داروﻳﻲ و ﻏﺬاﻳﻲ و Haase et al. 1995, Prenafeta-Boldú et al. 2006, Arzanlou .(et al. 2007, Arzanlou 2010 اﻛﻮﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ، ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎه ﻣﻬﻢ اﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺟﻮدات را در ﺑ ﻴﻦ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﺿﺎﻳﻌﺎت ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ درون ﺧﺎك و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ آﺑﻲ، ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﻣﻮﺟﻮدات زﻧﺪه آﺷﻜﺎر ﻣﻲ ﺳﺎزد . ﮔﺮوﻫﻲ از ﻗﺎرچ ﻫﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺑﻪ اﻧﺒﺎﺷﺖ ﻣﻮاد ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎ ﻳﻲ ﺳﻤﻲ و رادﻳﻮاﻛﺘﻴﻮ ﺧﻄﺮﻧﺎك در ﺳﻄﺢ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﺨﻤﺮﻫﺎي ﺳﻴﺎه ( black yeasts) ﻣﻌﺮوف ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ، زﻣﻴﻦ و زﻳﺮ زﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد . از ﻃﺮﻓﻲ رﺷﺪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻧﻔﺖ و ﺑﻪ دﻟﻴﻞ ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﻳﻲ در ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ آﻻﻳﻨﺪه ﻫﺎي ﻧﻔﺘﻲ، ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ ﺳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ و ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ آن ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ و اﻧﺘﺸﺎر ﻫﺮ ﭼﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ اﻳﻦ ﻣﻮاد ﺑﻴﻤﺎري زاﻳﻲ در اﻧﺴﺎن از ﮔﺮوه ﻫﺎي ﻣﻬﻢ ﻗﺎرﭼﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎر ﻣﻲ روﻧﺪ ﻣﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺷﺪه و ﻫﻴﺪروﻛﺮﺑﻦ ﻫﺎي ﻧﻔﺘﻲ را در ردﻳﻒ ﮔﺴﺘﺮده ﺗﺮﻳﻦ و در ﻋﻠﻮم زﻣﻴﻦ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ، ﻋﻤﺮان، ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ، ﻣﻮزه داري و آﻻﻳﻨﺪه ﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﻴﻂ زﻳﺴﺖ ﻗﺮار داده اﺳﺖ . در ﻣﻴﺎن ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎه وﻳﮋه اي دارﻧﺪ ( De Hoog et al. 2000, Gadd ﻫﻴﺪروﻛ ﺮﺑﻦ ﻫﺎي ﻧﻔﺘﻲ، ﻫﻴﺪروﻛﺮﺑﻦ ﻫﺎي آروﻣﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺣﻠﻘﻪ اي 2008 ). ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻛﻠﻲ، ﻗﺎرچ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮوه ﻣﺨﻤﺮﻫﺎي ﺳﻴﺎه ( Poly Aromatic Hydrocarbons = PAHs ) ﺑﻪ دﻟﻴﻞ دارا ﺑﻮدن و ﺧﻮﻳﺸﺎوﻧﺪان آن ﻫﺎ ﺳﻪ ﻧﻘﺶ اﺳﺎﺳﻲ در ﻣﺤﻴﻂ زﻳﺴﺖ دارﻧﺪ : ﺧﻮاص ﺳﻤﻲ، ﺟﻬﺶ زاﻳﻲ و ﺳﺮﻃﺎن زاﻳﻲ از اﻫﻤﻴﺖ زﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ -1 ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﻣﺨﻤﺮﻫﺎي ﺳﻴﺎه در زﻳﺴﺖ - ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻮردارﻧﺪ ( Charles & Bonnie 1992 ). روش ﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﺪاول ﺳﺎﻟﻢ ﺳﺎزي ( bioremediation) ، ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ آﻻﻳﻨﺪه ﻫﺎي ﻧﻔﺘﻲ ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ، ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ و ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﭘﺎﻛﺴﺎزي اﻳﻦ ﻧﻮ ع آﻻﻳﻨﺪه ﻫﺎ ﺑﻮﻳﮋه و اﻧﻮاع ﻫﻴﺪروﻛﺮﺑﻦ ﻫﺎي آروﻣﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺣﻠﻘﻪ اي در ﺧﺎك ﻛﻪ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ، ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ و ﻣﺘﺨﻠﺨﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ، ﺑﻪ دﻟﻴﻞ آﻟﻮده ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺧﺎك و ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺑﺴﺘﺮﻫﺎي زﻳﺴﺘﻲ وﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ از ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﺣﻼﻟﻴﺖ، ﻏﻴﺮﻗﻄﺒﻲ و آب ﮔﺮﻳﺰ ﺑﻮدن ﻫﻤﻮاره ﺑﺎ ( Prenafeta-Boldú et al . 2006, Gadd 2001 ). ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺗﻲ ﻣﻮاﺟﻪ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ . ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ دﻟﻴﻞ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎن ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﻣﺤﻴﻂ -2 ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻨﻔﻲ اﻳﻦ ﻗﺎرچ ﻫﺎ در اﻳﺠﺎد ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺶ زﻳﺴﺘﻲ زﻳﺴﺖ، ﻫﻤﻮاره ﺑﻪ دﻧﺒﺎل روش ﻫﺎي اﺛﺮﺑﺨﺶ، اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي، ﺳﺎده و ( bioweathering) ، دﮔﺮﮔﻮﻧﻲ ﻫﺎي ﺑﻴﻮﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ و ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﺑﺮاي ﭘﺎﻛﺴ ﺎزي اﻳﻦ ﻧﻮع آﻻﻳﻨﺪه ﻫﺎ در ﺧﺎك ﺑﻮده اﻧﺪ . در روش ﺻﺨﺮه ﻫﺎ، ﺳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ، ﺑﺘﻮن ، ﺳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎي زﻳﻨﺘﻲ، زﻳﺴﺖ ﺳﺎﻟﻢ ﺳﺎزي ﻳﺎ ﺳﻤﻴﺖ زداﻳﻲ ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻲ از رﻳﺰﺳﺎزواره ﻫﺎ ﺑﻮﻳﮋه ﺷﻴﺸﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ و ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﻲ، آﺛﺎر ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ، ﻋﺘﻴﻘﻪ ﻫﺎ، ﻓﻠﺰات و ﻗﺎرچ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ زﻳﺴﺘﻲ ( biodegradation ) ﻳﺎ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ آﻟﻴﺎژﻫﺎي آن (ﻫﺎ Gorbushina et al. 1994, Gadd 2008 ). ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻲ آﻻﻳﻨﺪه ﻫﺎي آﻟﻲ و در ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﭘﺎﻛﺴﺎزي ﻣﺤﻴﻂ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده -3 ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻨﻔﻲ آن ﻫﺎ از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اﻳﺠﺎد ﺑﻴﻤﺎري ﻫﺎي ﻣﻬﻢ در اﻧﺴﺎن ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد و ﻳﻚ روش ﺳﺎده و اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي و ﺑ ﺎ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ دراز ﻣﺪت ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺻﺎ ﻋﻔﻮﻧﺖ زاﻳﻲ در ﻣﻐﺰ و ﺳﺎﻳﺮ اﻧﺪام ﻫﺎ در اﻓﺮاد ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎﻛﺴﺎزي آب و ﺧﺎك از آﻻﻳﻨﺪه ﻫﺎي آﻟﻲ ﺑﻮﻳﮋه در ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﻫﺎي زﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ اﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﻛﻪ ﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﻛﺸﻨﺪه ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ( biofilters ) ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎر ﻣﻲ رود . در واﻗﻊ اﻳﻦ ﻧﻮع ﻗﺎرچ ﻫﺎ، ( De Hoog et al. 2000, Arzanlou 2010 ). ﻫﻴﺪروﻛﺮﺑﻦ ﻫﺎي ﺣﻠﻘﻮي ﻓﺮار را ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﻣﻨﺤﺼﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮد ﻛﺮﺑﻦ اﺻﻄﻼح ﻣﺨﻤﺮﻫﺎي ﺳﻴﺎه اﺻﻄﻼح راﻳﺠﻲ در و اﻧﺮژي ﺟﺬب ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ( Prenafeta-Boldú et al. 2006 ). ﺑﺪﻳ ﻬﻲ آراﻳﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻗﺎرچ ﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ و ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ﻗﺎرچ ﻫﺎي اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻗﺎرچ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ و ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻗﺪم در ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه رﻧﮕﺪاﻧﻪ ﻣﻼﻧﻴﻦ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ ﻓﺎز ﻣﻴﺴﻠﻴﻮﻣﻲ داراي راﺳﺘﺎي ﭘﺎﻛﺴﺎزي ﻣﺤﻴﻂ زﻳﺴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎر ﻣﻲ .رود ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻓﺎز ﻣﺨﻤﺮي در ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻛﺸﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ، ا ﻃﻼق ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺗﻨﻮع زﻳﺴﺘﻲ و ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺶ آن ﻫﺎ، ﻣﻨﺸﺎء و ﺑﺴﺘﺮﻫﺎي رﺷﺪ ( De Hoog et al. 2000 ). اﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﺨﻤﺮﻫﺎي ﺳﻴﺎه ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻗﺎرچ ﻫﺎي ﺑﻴﻤﺎري زاي اﻧﺴﺎن ﻧﻴﺰ در ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ . ﺑﺎ ﻫﻴﺪروﻛﺮﺑﻦ ﻫﺎي آروﻣﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻴﺮه Herpotrichiellaceae ، ﻋﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻫﺎي ﮔﺴﺘﺮده ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ و ﭘﺎﻻﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ در دو اﺳﺘﺎن راﺳﺘﻪ Chaetothyriales ، زﻳﺮ رده Chaetothyriomycetidae ، آذرﺑﺎﻳﺠﺎن ﺷﺮﻗﻲ و آذرﺑﺎﻳﺠﺎن ﻏﺮﺑﻲ ﺑﻮﻳﮋه ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎي ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺰ و اروﻣﻴﻪ و رده Eurotiomycetes ﺗﻌﻠﻖ دارﻧﺪ و از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ آن ﻫﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان ﻋﺪم وﺟﻮد ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ از وﺿﻌﻴﺖ اﻳﻦ ﮔﺮوه ﻗﺎرﭼﻲ در اﻳﺮان و ﺑﻪ ﺟﻨﺲ Capronia اﺷﺎره ﻛﺮد ﻛﻪ ﻓﺮم ﻫﺎي ﻏﻴﺮﺟﻨﺴﻲ آن ﺑﻮﻳﮋه ﺷﻤﺎل ﻏﺮب، ﺗﻨﻮع زﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻗﺎرﭼﻲ دﺧﻴﻞ در ﺑﻪ اﺳﺎﻣﻲ Exophiala ،Cladophialophora و Rhinocladiella ﺳﻤﻴﺖزداﻳﻲ ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻲ در ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ . ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺑﻴﻤﺎرﮔﺮﻫﺎي ﻓﺮﺻﺖ ﻃﻠﺐ، آﻟﻮدﮔﻲ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻐﺰي و ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻲ داوري و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران / ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﻗﺎرچ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه آﻻﻳﻨﺪه ﻫﺎي ﻧﻔﺘﻲ ... / رﺳﺘﻨﻴﻬﺎ، ﺟﻠﺪ )1(12 ، 1390 3 / 3 ﺟﺪول 1 - ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﺗﺎﻛﺴﻮﻧﻮﻣﻴﻚ ﻣﺨﻤﺮﻫﺎي ﺳﻴﺎه ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻫﻴﺪروﻛﺮﺑﻦ ﻫﺎي آروﻣﺎﺗﻴﻚ در ﺑﻴﻦ ﻗﺎرچ ﻫﺎ ﻫﺎ Table 1. Taxonomic position of black yeasts involved in aromatic hydrocarbons degradation between fungi ردﻳﻒ ﺟﻨﺲ ﺗﻴﺮه راﺳﺘﻪ رده ﻣﻨﺒﻊ Reference Class Order Family Genus No. Prenafeta-Boldú Capronia ( آﻧﺎﻣﻮرف: et al., 2006, ، Cladophialophora De Hoog et al., Eurotiomycetes Chaetothyriales Herpotrichiellaceae 1 Ramicloridium ، Exophiala و Arzanlou ,2006 et al . 2007 (Rhinocladiella Sogonov et al. Pseudeurotium Eurotiomycetes Eurotiales Pseudeurotiaceae 2 ( آﻧﺎﻣﻮرف : Teberdinia) 2005 آﻧﺎﻣﻮرف ﻫﺎي Prenafeta-Boldú Eurotiomycetes Eurotiales Trichocomaceae 3 et al. 2006 Aspergillus , Paecilomyces, Penicillium Bionectria ochroleuca Cox et al. 1996 Sordariomycetes Hypocreales Bionectriaceae 4 ( آﻧﺎﻣﻮرف : Clonostachys rosea) Ophiostoma Cox 1995 Sordariomycetes Ophiostomatales Ophiostomataceae 5 ( آﻧﺎﻣﻮرف : Sporothrix) Prenafeta-Boldú Davidiella Dothideomycetes Dothideales Mycosphaerellaceae 6 ( آﻧﺎﻣﻮرف: et al. 2006 (Cladosporium De Hoog & 7 آﻧﺎﻣﻮرف Dothideomycetes Dothideales Dothideaceae Aureobasidium Yurlova 1994 روش ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ -1 ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺧﺎك آﻟﻮده ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮاد ﻧﻔﺘﻲ ﻣﺤﻠﻮل، ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪت 30 دﻗﻴﻘﻪ در دﻣﺎي 22 20- درﺟﻪ ﺳﻠﺴﻴﻮس ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮداري از ﺧﺎك ﻫﺎي آﻟﻮده ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮاد ﻧﻔﺘﻲ ﻣﺤﻮﻃﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﺷﺪﻧﺪ . ﺳﭙﺲ 20 ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﻟﻴﺘﺮ ﮔﺎزوﻳﻴﻞ ( ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎي روﻏﻦ اﻧﺒﺎر ﻧﻔﺖ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺰ و اروﻣﻴﻪ در ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن 1388 اﻧ ﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ . ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ ) ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻛﺪام از ﻓﻼﺳﻚ ﻫﺎي ارﻟﻦ اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻧﻤﻮده و ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻴﻠﭽﻪ ﻋﺎري از ﺧﺎك و ﺷﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه، از ﻋﻤﻖ ﺻﻔﺮ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪت ﭘﻨﺞ دﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﺑﺎ ورﺗﻜﺲ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺪت ﺗﻜﺎن داده ﺷﺪﻧﺪ .
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