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The Effects of Egypt's Civil Uprising on the Kasr Dobara Evangelical Church

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The Effects of Egypt's Civil Uprising on the Kasr Dobara Evangelical Church Forced Out of the Walls: The Effects of Egypt’s Civil Uprising on the Kasr Dobara Evangelical Church (A Case Study) by Sameh Hanna A Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Knox College and the Toronto School of Theology In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Ministry awarded by Knox College and the University of Toronto © Copyright by Sameh Hanna 2018 Forced Out of the Walls: The Effects of Egypt’s Civil Uprising on the Kasr Dobara Evanglical Church (A Case Study) Sameh Hanna Doctor of Ministry Knox College and the University of Toronto 2018 Abstract The Kasr Dobara Evangelical Church is situated one block away from Cairo‘s Tahrir Square, the primary location for the vast majority of the historical events of the January 25, 2011 revolution. Cairo‘s Tahrir Square and the Kasr Dobara Evangelical Church (KDEC) continued to be the principle focal points up to and including the June 30 uprising some three years later. During this period of massive change in the history of Egypt, the Coptic church realized the need for political action in the face of persecution, and Kasr Dobara Evangelical Church was a focal example of leadership and service in this new Christian activism. For the first time in the history of Christianity in Egypt, Christians ventured out of the sanctuary of their churches to protest against the traditional oppression of government. The theological understanding and leadership provided by the pastors, leaders, and members of KDEC encouraged significant change, including a new rapprochement between Christians and Muslims. Documenting the involvement of KDEC in the revolution, and its resultant influence on the history of Egyptian Christianity, led me to the following thesis question: In what way did the civil uprising on January 25, 2011, and the years that followed, force the Kasr El Dobara ii Evangelical Church in Cairo, Egypt, out of its traditional reclusiveness into exerting an unprecedented influence in the society? iii Dedication To Nivine Hanna My wife, soul mate & best friend Your tireless hands and praying heart Made this research possible & To my daughters Sandra & Rachel Hanna The joy of my life You are the greatest gifts I could have received iv Acknowledgements First and above all, I would love to praise and thank God, the Lord of my life who changed the course of my life, who guided me in His steps and provided me this opportunity, granting me the capability to proceed successfully. Foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my wife Nivine Hanna for her continuous support throughout my life and for her patience, motivation, enthusiasm, and immense contribution during the years of my D. Min studies, challenging me to dig deeper, probe further, and question everything during the progress of this research. This thesis appears in its current form due to the assistance and guidance of several people. It has been a pleasure and privilege to partner with many faculty members and staff of the Toronto School of Theology on the D. Min journey. I was honoured to work under Rev. Dr. Andrew Irvine, Adjunct Faculty in Pastoral Theology, Director of the TST Doctor of Ministry Program & Director of the Centre for Clergy Care and Congregational Health, who believed in me since I was a student at Knox College doing my M. Div (2004 -2006). I was privileged and thankful that I had him as my supervisor. My grateful thanks go also to Dr. Joseph G. Schner, Professor Emeritus at Regis College, who has been so very helpful in developing my thesis subsequently. My sincere thanks also go to Rev. Dr. Sameh Maurice, the Senior Pastor of Kasr El Dobara Evangelical Church, who is not only the Senior Pastor of KDEC, but also my leader and mentor. Despite his busy schedule, he always took the time to listen to me and discuss matters related to my ministry and studies. He also provided me v with his valuable advice. I am so blessed and honoured to serve in this church under his leadership. A very special thank you goes to Ashraf Hanna, for his exceptional effort and support in bringing this research to the light in a timely manner. I owe him much for his time, effort, incomparable editing skills and his immense contribution in developing the arguments presented in this research. I also appreciate the input of many KDEC church members and the friends of KDEC who have participated in answering the surveys and questionnaire. I would love to express my gratefulness for KDEC board members, who have expressed their love and support alongside with the congregation. A special thank you goes to Dalia Hanna who helped in the editing process. I also add a big thank you to the Media House staff who has worked hard at compiling and creating the accompanying audio visuals of this research. A special thank you also goes to the anonymous reviewers whose comments and suggestions were immensely helpful for the refinement of this research. I would like to express my appreciation to the input of many church members and my ministry base group, back in Toronto, Canada, who have guided the progress of my thesis. A special thank you goes to Sarah Attia. Lastly, but not least, I would l like to express my deep gratitude to Dr. Rev. Anwar Hanna, the former vice president and Former Minister of the Chapel Presbyterian Church in Markham, Toronto, Canada who passed away to be with our Lord Jesus Christ in 2014. He was a great mentor and guided me all through my studies and life time in Canada. I owe this great man a lot. vi Table of Contents Abstract ........................................................................................................................................... ii Dedication ...................................................................................................................................... iv Acknowledgements ..........................................................................................................................v Table of Contents .......................................................................................................................... vii Introduction ......................................................................................................................................1 Chapter 1: Background, Context and Thesis Statement ..................................................................4 1.1. Background ..........................................................................................................................4 1.2. Theology of Ministry ...........................................................................................................8 1.3. Context of Ministry ............................................................................................................10 1.4. Thesis Statement ................................................................................................................16 Chapter 2: Historical and Theological Background .......................................................................18 2.1. Historical Issues (Christianity in Egypt) ............................................................................18 2.2. Theological and Biblical Issues .........................................................................................60 2.3. Perspectives on Religion and Politics ................................................................................68 Chapter 3: Methodology ................................................................................................................88 3.1. Advantages and Disadvantages of the Case Study ............................................................89 3.2. Conducting a Step-Wise Case Study .................................................................................92 3.3. Data Collection ..................................................................................................................95 3.4. Timeline ...........................................................................................................................101 Chapter 4: Results ........................................................................................................................102 4.1. Surveys .............................................................................................................................103 4.2 Individual interviews .......................................................................................................166 4.3 Observations ....................................................................................................................173 vii Chapter 5: Discussion of Results .................................................................................................179 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................................199 Bibliography ................................................................................................................................204 Appendix A: Research Consent Form ........................................................................................217 Appendix B: Interview Survey ....................................................................................................220 Appendix C: One-to-One Questionnaire ....................................................................................222 Appendix D: Survey Questionnaire .............................................................................................225
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