City of

Profile

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Contents

1 Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…6 2 Background information……………………………………………………………………………………………..7 2.1 Location (geography) ...... 8 2.2 General information ...... 8 2.3 Climate ...... 16 2.4 Local government (administration) ...... 18 2.5 History, tradition and cultural heritage ...... 19 3 Natural resources ...... 21 4 Human resources ...... 23 4.1 Population statistics (number of inhabitants and population growth) ...... 23 4.2 Population by type of neighborhood ...... 24 4.3 Population events...... 24 4.4 Population by marital status ...... 25 4.5 Major age groups ...... 25 4.6 Gender structure of population ...... 27 4.7 Ethnic structure of population ...... 28 4.8 Religious structure of population ...... 29 4.9 Language structure of population ...... 29 4.10 Population by work-ability ...... 29 4.10.1 Structure population by work-ability and gender ...... 29 4.10.2 Working population by profession and sector of work ...... 30 4.11 Educational structure of population ...... 31 4.12 Families and households ...... 32 4.12.1 Families ...... 32 4.12.2 Households...... 32 4.13 Migration of population ...... 33 4.13.1 Moved in ...... 33 4.13.2 Daily commuting ...... 34 5 Housing resources ...... 35 5.1 Housing statistics ...... 35 5.2 Housing construction ...... 37 5.3 Market prices ...... 38 6 Economy ...... 39 6.1 Economy structure by sectors ...... 40 6.2 Industry ...... 45 6.3 Agriculture ...... 49 6.4 Forestry ...... 52 6.5 Total production ...... 53 6.6 Companies according to number of employees ...... 53 6.7 Macroeconomic indicators ...... 53 6.8 Export structure ...... 55 6.9 Export structure by destination ...... 55 City economy...... 56 6.10 City budget revenues ...... 56 6.11 City budget expenditures ...... 56 Institutions ...... 56 6.12 Public utility enterprises ...... 56 6.13 Public enterprises ...... 57 6.14 Financial institutions ...... 57 Investments ...... 58 6.15 Realized investments in private sector ...... 59 6.16 Planned investments in private sector ...... 59 6.17 Investment structure ...... 61 6.18 Industrial zones and industrial parks ...... 62 6.18.1 Sites of industrial zones/parks ...... 63 6.18.2 Topographic characteristics of sites ...... 63 6.18.3 Access roads ...... 64 2 2

6.18.4 Zoning ...... 64 6.18.5 Soil composition ...... 64 6.18.6 Available utility infrastructure ...... 64 6.18.7 Capacity development costs and operation costs of industrial zones/parks ...... 65 6.19 Other investment sites ...... 65 6.20 City incentives ...... 66 6.21 Taxes – local, regional and national...... 68 6.22 Permitting process ...... 69 7 Labor ...... 73 7.1 Number and structure of employed ...... 73 7.2 Employment by sectors ...... 73 7.3 Average wages ...... 74 7.4 Wages by sectors ...... 75 7.5 Employment ...... 75 7.6 Unemployment ...... 76 7.7 Unemployment rate ...... 76 7.8 Unemployment by education level ...... 77 7.9 Unemployment by length of unemployment ...... 77 7.10 Unemployment by age structure ...... 77 8 Public resources ...... 78 8.1 Traffic infrastructure ...... 78 8.1.1 Road infrastructure ...... 78 8.1.2 Rail transportation and infrastructure...... 79 8.2 Utility infrastructure...... 79 8.2.1 Water and sewage...... 80 8.2.2 District heating ...... 80 8.2.3 Power infrastructure ...... 80 8.2.4 Tele-communication systems ...... 80 8.3 Energy ...... 81 8.4 Health care and social welfare ...... 81 8.5 Education facilities ...... 82 9 Environment ...... 84 9.1 Air quality (pollution) ...... 84 9.2 Soil quality ...... 84 9.3 Water quality ...... 85 9.4 Solid waste management ...... 86 ...... 86 10 Travel ...... 87 10.1 Number of visitors ...... 89 10.2 Hotel capacities ...... 90 11 Quality of life ...... 91 11.1 Public capacities and recreation programs ...... 91 11.1.1 Sports capacities (play courts, recreation centers, stadiums) ...... 91 11.2 Churches and temples ...... 92 Saborna Church ...... 92 11.3 City gathering centers...... 93 11.3.1 Libraries ...... 93 11.3.2 Cultural centers ...... 93 11.3.3 Theaters ...... 93 11.3.4 Museums ...... 94 11.4 Cultural activities (events, celebrations, festivals, parades, ceremonies, concerts)...... 94 11.5 Entertainment and services ...... 96 11.5.1 Restaurants ...... 97 11.5.2 Cinemas ...... 97 11.5.3 Shopping areas and retail centers ...... 97 12 Local development in relation with regional and national strategic documents ...... 98

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List of Tables Table 1. Basic information about the municipality and the district (area and population), 2002 ...... 7 Table 2. Basic information about neighborhoods and cadastral municipalities, 2007...... 8 Table 3. Information about neighborhoods (type, number of population, area) 2002, ...... 9 Table 4. List of neighborhoods and related cadastral municipalities ...... 11 Table 5. List of local communities ...... 14 Table 6. Climate indicators ...... 17 Table 7. Structure of representatives in the municipal assembly, 2008 ...... 19 Table 8. Structure of land, 2006 ...... 21 Table 9. Comparative population statistics, census data...... 23 Table 10. Estimated number of population in the period 2000-2006 ...... 24 Table 11. Structure of population by type of neighborhood, 2002 ...... 24 Table 12. Population events, 2006 ...... 24 Table 13. Structure of female population above 15, by number of newborn children, 2002 ...... 24 Table 14. Structure of population above 15 by marital status and age, 2002 ...... 25 Table 15. Structure of population by age and gender, 2002 ...... 25 Table 16. Structure of population according to basic categories, 2002 ...... 27 Table 17. Age indicators, 2006...... 27 Table 18. Gender structure, 2002 ...... 27 Table 19. Ethnic/national structure of population, 2002 ...... 28 Table 20. Religious structure of population, 2002 ...... 29 Table 21. Language structure of population, 2002...... 29 Table 22. Population by work-ability and gender, 2002 ...... 29 Table 23. Structure of working population by profession and gender, 2002 ...... 30 Table 24. Structure of population above 15 according to level of education, 2002 ...... 31 Table 25. Structure of families according to number of children, 2002 ...... 32 Table 26. Structure of families by type, 2002...... 32 Table 27. Structure of households according to number of members, 2002 ...... 32 Table 28. Moved in according to time periods ...... 33 Table 29. Structure of people who moved in according to the area of origin, 1940-2002 ...... 33 Table 30. Daily commuting according to the type, 2002...... 34 Table 31. Commuting to work – by sectors, 2002 ...... 34 Table 34. Structure of collective apartments, 2002...... 36 Table 35. Structure of apartments according to type and utility infrastructure, 2002...... 36 Table 36. Structure of apartments according to age of construction, 2002 ...... 36 Table 37. Structure of occupied apartments according to number of households and members, 2002 .37 Table 40. Value of constructed housing units, 2006 ...... 37 Table 41. Market prices of housing, 2010 ...... 38 Table 42. Prices of new apartments, II half 2007...... 38 Table 43. Number of enterprises by sectors and size, 2008 ...... 40 Table 44. Number of employees by sectors and size of enterprise, 2008...... 41 Table 45. Structure of enterprises, institutions and other legal entities by sectors, 31.12.2007 ...... 42 Table 46. Structure of shops by sectors, 2008 ...... 43 Table 47. Structure of shops by type of organization, 12.04.2007 ...... 44 Table 51. Structure of total agricultural land in the municipality according to the use, 2007 ...... 50 Table 52. Structure of privately owned agricultural land according to the use, 2007 ...... 51 Table 53. Production of crops, industrial plants, vegetables and forage crops, 2007 ...... 51 Table 54. Fruit and grapes production, 2007 ...... 51 Table 55. Livestock production, 01.12. 2007 ...... 51 Table 56. Average livestock, 01.12. 2007 ...... 52 Table 57. Sale and purchase of agricultural products, 2007 ...... 52 Table 59. Size of enterprises by number of employees in 2007 ...... 53 Table 60. GDP by sectors, 2005...... 53 Table 61. GDP according to ownership structure, 2005 ...... 54 Table 62. GDP of enterprises, 2005 ...... 54 Table 63. Basic information about enterprises, 2005 ...... 54 Table 64. Export structure by type of products and services ...... 55 Table 65. Export structure by destination ...... 55

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Table 66. City budget revenues, 2007 ...... 56 Table 67. City budget expenditures, 2007...... 56 Table 70. List of banks 2010...... 57 Table 71. List of insurance companies 2010 ...... 57 Table 72. Realized investments in last 5 years, 2008 ...... 59 Table 73. Planned investments in the next 2 years ...... 59 Table 74. FDI structure by country of origin ...... 61 Table 75. Realized investments by type of construction and technical structure, 2007 ...... 61 Table 76. List of industrial zones and industrial parks ...... 62 Table 77. List of companies in industrial zones and industrial parks, 2008 ...... 62 Table 80. Structure of employed in enterprises, institutions, cooperatives and organizations, by sectors, 2009 ...... 73 Table 81. Average wage per employee, February 2008 ...... 74 Table 83. Average untaxed wage by sectors, 2007 ...... 75 Table 84. Free jobs, 2008 ...... 75 Table 85. Employment structure, 2008 ...... 75 Table 86. Unemployment structure gender, December 2008 ...... 76 Table 87. Number of unemployed by age, breakdown by years ...... 76 Table 90. Unemployed by years of waiting for job, 2009 ...... 77 Table 91. Unemployed by age, 2009 ...... 77 Table 93. Length of roads, 2007 ...... 79 Table 94. Turnover of goods and passengers in rail transport, 2005 ...... 79 Table 95. Postal services, 2007...... 80 Table 96. Energy use, 2007 ...... 81 Table 97. Health care capacities, 2007 ...... 81 Table 98. Investments in health care and social welfare, 2007 ...... 81 Table 100. Users of social welfare – minors, 2007 ...... 82 Table 101. Users of social welfare – adults, 2007 ...... 82 Table 102. Capacity of education institutions, broken by years ...... 82 Table 103. Investments in education, 2007 ...... 82 Table 104. Number and structure of education institutions, 2006...... 82 Table 105. Number of pupils, students and users of education institutions, 2007 ...... 83 Table 106. Average number of pupils, students and residents in education institutions, 2007 ...... 83 Table 107. Number of pupils in primary schools, 2008 ...... 84 Table 108. Number and structure of tourists and overnight stays, 2006 ...... 89 Table 109. Hotel capacities, 2009 ...... 90 Table 111. Number of cinemas, cinema seats, projections and visitors, 2006 ...... 97

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Preamble

Profile of the community emerged as a need for gathering and classification of the economic indicators and other relevant data in one document which will be used as the starting point for working out the economic development strategy of the city of Leskovac. In the process of gathering and preparation of the quantitative data, the data from the following institutions are used: Statistical Office of the Republic of and its web-site (www.statserb.gov.rs) National Employment Service and its web-site (www.nsz.gov.rs) and Republic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia and its web-site (www.hidmet.sr.gov.yu) as well as from the local office of the National Employment Service. The data from the following municipal strategic documents are used: The Strategy of the Sustainable Development of the Municipality of Leskovac, Development Programme of the Municipality of Leskovac and Local Ecological Action Plan. All the data and information in the Profile are presented through tables, charts and relevant text and it is necessary to updated and adjust them to the available sources on the regular basis. Creation of city profile as overall document with all segments of developing business and way of living in Leskovac city is activity based on cooperation and agreement with USAID signed between City of Leskovac and USA Embassy. Creation of City profile is angagement of local government, i.e. the Agency for Local Economic Development of the City of Leskovac.

1 Introduction

Jablanica district is located in southeasern part of Serbia on the area of 2 769 km2.Administative centre is Leskovac. City of Leskovac is on the area of 1025 km2 and it is the fifth municipality by it size in Republic of Serbia. Leskovac is the significant transit centre connecting Southern Europe () through to North West Europe and is connected to the Adriatic Sea through and through Sofia and the Black Sea to the Euro Asian corridor.Leskovac is on Pan Europian corridor 10 (HIGHWAY Belgrade- Skopje). Through Leskovac pass railway Beograd- Atina.

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Table 1. Basic information about the municipality and the district (area and population), 2002 Number Share in total population Population Share in total area (%) Area of (%) density 2 (km ) populatio Munic (inhabitants Leskovac District Serbia District Serbia n* ipality / km2) 44.0 Urban zone 449 43.80 16.21 0.51 68826 5 28.57 0.93 153.3 55.9 Rural zone 576 56.20 20.79 0.65 87426 5 36.29 1.18 151.8 Municipality 1025 100 37.00 1.16 156252 100 64.86 2.12 152.4 District 2770 / 100 3.13 240923 / 100 3.26 87.0 Serbia 88361 / / 100 7381579 / / 100 95.3 * Data from Census 2002.

2 Background information In the hearth of the vast and fertile valley of the Leskovac basin 50 km long and 45 km wide Leskovac is located, full of the various geographic and tourist attractions and sites which will catch the attention of the most refined visitors. With 144 settlements the Municipality of Leskovac is the most divided municipality in Serbia. The three of the settlements are urban type settlements where Leskovac is the economic, socio-political, cultural and immigration centre of the territory. Leskovac is the city with the tradition in textile industry,cosmetic industry, grill festival …

The very area of the Leskovac municipality is situated at the high from 210 to 240 above sea level and is located in the fertile basin, bordered by Babicka Gora (1098m), Selicevica (903m) and to the East and mountain (1409m) and Pasjaca to the West and Kukavica mountain (1442m) and Cemernik (1638m) to the South. It is opened to the Nis basin to the North and through Gorge connected to the - basin. The North geographical width of the town is 42o52’ and the East geographical longitude is 21o57’. The Municipality of Leskovac with 162.000 inhabitants and the area of 1,025km2 is one of the largest municipality in Serbia. It is located in the heart of the vast and fertile Leskovac basin (50km long and 45km wide), the biggest morpho-tectonic depression in Serbia. It covers the part of the river valley and part of its principal left affluent valleys– the Vetrenica and rivers. The main feature of the geographical-traffic position of the Municipality is its position in the composite Morava – Vardar valley. The main network of the trans-European transport including even the intercontinental roads and rail transport passes along it. Its largest settlement, the city of Leskovac, is located where natural communications with intersection of all directions leading to the valleys of the Juzna Morava, , Jablanica and rivers flow in or out.

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2.1 Location (geography)

2.2 General information

Table 2. Basic information about neighborhoods and cadastral municipalities, 2007 Leskovac District Number of neighborhoods 144 336 Number of urban neighborhoods 3 7 Number of non-urban neighborhoods 141 329 Number of cadastral municipalities 140 336 Average area of cadastral municipality (km2) 7.1 8.2 144 336

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Table 3. Information about neighborhoods (type, number of population, area) 2002, Type of neighborh Share in total population No. Neighborhood Number of population ood(urban of the municipality (%) /other) 1 Leskovac urban 61204 40.00 2 Babicko other 515 0.33 3 other 521 0.33 4 Barje other 372 0.24 5 other 600 0.38 6 other 629 0.40 7 other 79 0.05 8 Bobiste other 1782 1.14 9 other 1571 1.00 10 Bojisina other 245 0.16 11 Bocevica other 151 0.10 12 other 3531 2.14 13 Brijanovce other 364 0.23 14 Brestovac other 2086 1.33 15 other 1211 0.77 16 Bricevlje other 241 0.15 17 other 295 0.19 18 Bunuški cifluk other 505 0.32 19 Velika Biljanica other 516 0.33 20 Velika Grabovnica other 1452 0.93 21 Velika Kopasnica other 676 0.43 22 Velika Sejanica other 791 0.51 23 other 1013 0.65 24 other 11 0.01 25 other 232 0.15 26 other 3090 1.98 27 other 584 0.37 28 Vucje urban 3258 2.08 29 Gagince other 132 0.08 30 other 118 0.07 31 other 732 0.47 32 Gornja Bunusa other 633 0.40 33 Gornja Jajina other 637 0.40 34 Gornja Kupinovica other 189 0.12 35 Gornja Lokosnica other 134 0.09 36 Gornja other 210 0.13 37 Gornje Krajince other 786 1.40 38 other 454 0.29 39 other 1756 1.12 40 Gornje Trnjane other 250 0.16 41 other 762 0.49 42 Gradasnica other 472 0.30 43 Grajevce other 404 0.26 44 other 277 0.18 45 Grdanica other 605 0.39 46 Grdelica urban 2383 1.52 47 Grdelica selo other 1172 0.75 48 other 1875 1.20 49 Dedena Bara other 802 0.51

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50 other 321 0.20 51 Donja Bunusa other 306 0.20 52 other 1338 0.86 53 Donja Kupinovica other 97 0.06 54 Donja Lokosnica other 1060 0.68 55 Donja Slatina other 300 0.19 56 other 1487 0.95 57 Donje Krajince other 764 0.49 58 other 454 1.06 59 Donje Stopanje other 1136 0.73 60 Donje Trnjane other 289 0.18 61 Donji Bunibrod other 644 0.41 62 Draskovac other 791 0.51 63 other 245 0.16 64 Drcevac other 309 0.20 65 Dusanovo other 236 0.15 66 Zabljane other 724 0.46 67 Zivkovo other 669 0.43 68 Zizavica other 189 0.12 69 Zaguzane other 339 0.22 70 Zaluznje other 482 0.30 71 Zlokucane other 217 0.14 72 Zlocudovo other 271 1.45 73 other 259 0.17 74 Igrište other 292 0.19 75 other 428 0.27 76 Jašunja other 514 0.33 77 Jelasnica other 289 0.18 78 Kaludjerce other 206 0.13 79 Karadjordjevac other 417 0.27 80 Kaštavar other 68 0.24 81 Kovačeva Bara other 167 0.11 82 other 362 0.23 83 Koracevac other 192 0.12 84 other 47 0.03 85 Kukulovce other 298 0.19 86 other 825 0.53 87 Kutles other 651 0.42 88 Lipovica other 1287 0.82 89 Ličin Dol other 139 0.09 90 Mala Biljanica other 207 0.13 91 Mala Grabovnica other 275 0.18 92 Mala Kopasnica other 255 0.16 93 other 778 0.50 94 Međa other 872 0.56 95 other 63 0.54 96 other 546 0.35 97 Miroševce other 1053 0.67 98 other 14 0.01 99 Mrstane other 1431 0.92 100 other 898 0.06 101 other 1315 0.84 102 other 128 0.08 103 other 120 0.08 104 other 317 0.20

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105 (kod Grdelice) other 2210 1.41 106 Oraovica (kod Crkovnice) other 152 0.10 107 Orasac other 582 0.37 108 other 173 0.11 109 Padez other 58 0.04 110 Palikuca other 387 0.25 111 other 484 0.31 112 other 108 0.07 113 Pečenjevce other 1776 1.14 114 other 216 0.14 115 Podrimce other 283 0.18 116 (varos) other 1222 0.78 117 Predejane (selo) other 491 0.31 118 Presecina other 448 0.29 119 other 642 0.41 120 Ravni Del other 78 0.05 121 other 903 0.58 122 other 904 0.58 123 Rajno polje other 739 0.47 124 Rudare other 551 0.35 125 other 436 0.27 126 other 431 0.28 127 Slatina other 639 0.41 128 Smrdan other 155 0.10 129 other 1344 0.86 130 other 402 0.26 131 Suševlje other 228 0.15 132 other 521 0.33 133 Tulovo other 739 0.47 134 other 380 0.24 135 other 1794 1.15 136 other 30 0.02 137 other 133 0.08 138 other 141 0.09 139 Cekmin other 915 0.59 140 Cifluk Razgojnski other 335 0.21 141 Cukljenik other 636 0.40 142 Sainovac other 216 0.14 143 Sarlince other 854 0.55 144 Sisince other 639 0.41

Table 4. List of neighborhoods and related cadastral municipalities No. Neighborhood Cadastral municipality Area (km2) 1 Leskovac Leskovac 229.293,02 2 Babicko Babicko 188.442,81 3 Badince Badince 25.322,42 4 Barje Barje 160.871,03 5 Belanovce Belanovce 77.213,25 6 Beli potok Beli potok 29.699,24 7 Bistrica Bistrica 76.662,59 8 Bobiste Bobiste 43.418,21 9 Bogojevce Bogojevce 73.447,84 10 Bojisina Bojisina 48.143,04 11 Bocevica Bocevica 27.751,86 12 Bratmilovce Bratmilovce 35.713,11 11 11

13 Brejanovce Brejanovce 20.443,36 14 Brestovac Brestovac 96.079,89 15 Brza Brza 11.844,09 16 Bricevlje Bricevlje 53.900,54 17 Bukova glava Bukova glava 101.209,75 18 Bunusa Bunusa 89.767,11 19 Velika Biljanica Velika Biljanica 42.660,74 20 Velika Grabovnica Velika Grabovnica 106.626,88 21 Velika Kopasnica Velika Kopasnica 66.401,87 22 Sejanica Sejanica 82.808,52 23 Veliko Trnjane Veliko Trnjane 94.028,98 24 Vilje Kolo Vilje Kolo 10.736,01 25 Vina Vina 70.606,77 26 Vinarce Vinarce 132.382,92 27 Vlase Vlase 40.055,02 28 Vucje Vucje 378.856,18 29 Gagince Gagince 120.802,48 30 Gorina Gorina 113.951,54 31 Gornja Jajina Gornja Jajina 38.578,10 32 Gornja Kupinovica Gornja Kupinovica 69.377,04 33 Gornja Lokosnica Gornja Lokosnica 41.814,57 34 Gornja Slatina Gornja Slatina 17.745,24 35 Gornje Krajince Gornje Krajince 45.179,39 36 Gornje Sinkovce Gornje Sinkovce 25.587,08 37 Gornje Stopanje Gornje Stopanje 68.613,45 38 Gornje Trnjane Gornje Trnjane 19.549,10 39 Gornji Bunibrod Gornji Bunibrod 50.859,64 40 Gradasnica Gradasnica 92.198,60 41 Grajevce Grajevce 55.367,33 42 Graovo Graovo 106.768,25 43 Grdanica Grdanica 68.953,72 44 Grdelica varos Grdelica varos 6.222,45 45 Grdelica selo Grdelica selo 56.610,27 46 Guberevac Guberevac 123.036,87 47 Dedina Bara 66.213,23 48 Dobrotin Dobrotin 34.812,30 49 Donja Jajina Donja Jajina 68.905,61 50 Donja Kupinovica Donja Kupinovica 20.554,90 51 Donja Lokosnica Donja Lokosnica 80.080,43 52 Donja Slatina Donja Slatina 14.764,66 53 Donje Brijanje Donje Brijanje 157.992,29 54 Donje Krajince Donje Krajince 45.863,85 55 Donje Sinkovce Donje Sinkovce 25.267,67 56 Donje Stopanje Donje Stopanje 92.447,89 57 Donje Trnjane Donje Trnjane 18.803,41 58 Donji Bunibrod Donji Bunibrod 38.455,69 59 Draskovac Draskovac 62.430,34 60 Drvodelja Drvodelja 40.567,12 61 Drcevac Drcevac 67.647,86 62 Dusanovo Dusanovo 41.664,32 63 Zabljane Zabljane 45.156,90 64 Zivkovo Zivkovo 63.322,21 65 Zizavica Zizavica 10.381,67 66 Zaguzane Zaguzane 33.201,43 67 Zaluznje Zaluznje 63.219,59

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68 Zlokucane Zlokucane 20.052,79 69 Zlocudovo Zlocudovo 14.402,61 70 Zoljevo Zoljevo 47.741,60 71 Igriste Igriste 62.892,48 72 Jarsenovo Jarsenovo 140.036,25 73 Jašunja Jašunja 123.860,85 74 Jelasnica Jelasnica 45.775,36 75 Kaludjerce Kaludjerce 59.261,48 76 Karadjordjevac Karadjordjevac 78.869,35 77 Kastavar Kastavar 49.516,10 78 Kovaceva Bara Kovaceva Bara 51.481,41 79 Kozare Kozare 50.881,95 80 Koracevac Koracevac 43.950,16 81 Krpejce Krpejce 33.375,71 82 Kukulovce Kukulovce 33.322.09 83 Kumarevo Kumarevo 30.476,88 84 Kutles Kutles 50.442,71 85 Lipovica Lipovica 77.083,07 86 Licin Dol Licin Dol 42.057,63 87 Mala Biljanica Mala Biljanica 12.178,72 88 Mala Grabovnica Mala Grabovnica 27.639,29 89 Mala Kopasnica Mala Kopasnica 17.481,67 90 Manojlovce Manojlovce 43.005,08 91 Medja Medja 74.504,04 92 Melovo Melovo 66.994,66 93 Milanovo Milanovo 55.749,80 94 Mirosevce Mirosevce 105.782,69 95 Mrkovica Mrkovica 49.285,11 96 Mrstane Mrstane 69.105,05 97 Navalin Navalin 51.624,28 98 Nakrivanj Nakrivanj 292.718,36 99 Nesvrta Nesvrta 28.155,97 100 Novo Selo Novo Selo 217.948,89 101 Nomanica Nomanica 10.474,53 102 Oraovica (koid Grdelice) Oraovica (koid Grdelice) 208.057,09 103 Orasac Orasac 86.876,18 104 Oruglica Oruglica 295.832,35 105 Padez Padez 94.433,78 106 Palikuca Palikuca 38.072,28 107 Palojce Palojce 75.672,27 108 Petrovac Petrovac 28.957,25 109 Pecenjevce Pecenjevce 136.964,09 110 Piskupovo Piskupovo 35.951,40 111 Podrimce Podrimce 57.566,44 112 Predejane (varos) Predejane (varos) 5.167,44 113 Predejane (selo) Predejane (selo) 92.829,44 114 Presecina Presecina 36.800,03 115 Priboj Priboj 66.361,62 116 Ravni Del Ravni Del 91.241,01 117 Radonjica Radonjica 63.593,97 118 Razgojna Razgojna 94.492,43 119 Rajno polje Rajno polje 80.634,69 120 Rudare Rudare 60.555,15 121 Svirce Svirce 58.020,50 122 Slavujevce Slavujevce 59.650,80

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123 Slatina Slatina 159.664,02 124 Smrdan Smrdan 23.752,27 125 Strojkovce Strojkovce 96.171,70 126 Stupnica Stupnica 132.159,12 127 Susevlje Susevlje 54.656,92 128 Todorovce Todorovce 50.110,99 129 Tulovo Tulovo 114.821,14 130 Tupalovce Tupalovce 31.455,21 131 Turekovac Turekovac 131.885,00 132 Crveni Breg Crveni Breg 104.568,66 133 Crkovnica Crkovnica 224.740,12 134 Crcavac Crcavac 72.098,52 135 Cekmin Cekmin 121.276,69 136 Cifluk Razgojnski Cifluk Razgojnski 32.492,16 137 Cukljenik Cukljenik 73.232,71 138 Sainovac Sainovac 24.448,82 139 Sarlince Sarlince 65.532,59 140 Sisince Sisince 60.336,17

Table 5. List of local communities Neighborhood of local community No. of Share of total city No. Local communities (MZ) population population (%) 1 Babicko Babicko 515 0.33 2 Badince Badince 521 0.33 3 Barje Barje,Kaludjerce, Crcavac 719 0.46 4 Vina Vina 232 0.15 5 Belanovce Belanovce 600 0.38 6 Beli Potok Beli Potok 629 0.40 7 Bogojevce Bogojevce 1,571 1.01 8 Bojisina Bojisina 245 0.16 9 Brejanovce Brejanovce 364 0.23 10 Brestovac Brestovac 2,086 1.34 11 Brza Brza 1,211 0.78 12 Bricevlje Bricevlje 241 0.15 13 Bukova Glava Bukova Glava 295 0.19 14 Bunuski cifluk Bunuski Cifluk 505 0.32 15 G. Bunusa G. Bunusa 633 0.41 16 D. Bunusa D. Bunusa 306 0.20 17 V. Biljanica V. Biljanica 516 0.33 18 V. Grabovnica V. Grabovnica, M.Grabovnica 1,452 0.93 19 V. Kopasnica V. Kopasnica 676 0.43 20 M. Kopasnica M. Kopasnica 255 0.16 V. Sejanica, Kovačeva Bara, Vilje V. Sejanica 969 21 Kolo 0.62 22 V. Trnjane V. Trnjane 1,013 0.65 23 Vinarce Vinarce 3,090 1.98 24 Vlase Vlase 584 0.37 25 Vucje Vucje 3,258 2.09 26 Gorina Gorina 732 0.47 27 G.Jajina G.Jajina 637 0.41 28 G.Kupinovica G.Kupinovica 189 0.12 29 G.Krajince G.Krajince 786 0.50 30 G.Lokosnica G.Lokosnica 134 0.09 31 G.Sinkovce G.Sinkovce 454 0.29 32 G.Slatina G.Slatina 210 0.13

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33 Golema Njiva Golema Njiva 118 0.08 34 G.Trnjane G.Trnjane 250 0.16 35 G.Bunibrod G.Bunibrod 762 0.49 36 Gradasnica Gradasnica 472 0.30 37 Grajevce Grajevce 404 0.26 38 Graovo Graovo 277 0.18 39 Grdanica Grdanica 605 0.39 40 Grdelica Grdelica 2383 1.53 41 Grdelica selo Grdelica selo 1172 0.75 42 Guberevac Guberevac 1875 1.20 43 Dedena Bara Dedena Bara 802 0.51 44 Dobrotin Dobrotin 321 0.21 45 Donja Jajina Donja Jajina 1338 0.86 46 Donja Kupinovica Donja Kupinovica 97 0.06 47 Donja Lokošnica Donja Lokošnica 1060 0.68 48 Donja Slatina Donja Slatina 300 0.19 49 Donje Brijanje Donje Brijanje 1487 0.95 50 Donje Krajince Donje Krajince 764 0.49 51 Donje Stopanje Donje Stopanje 1136 0.73 52 Donje Trnjane Donje Trnjane 289 0.18 53 Donji Bunibrod Donji Bunibrod, Zizavica 833 0.53 54 Draskovac Draskovac 791 0.51 55 Drcevac Drcevac 309 0.20 56 Dusanovo Dusanovo 236 0.15 57 Zabljane Zabljane 724 0.46 58 Zivkovo Zivkovo 669 0.43 59 Zaguzane Zaguzane 339 0.22 60 Zaluznje Zaluznje 482 0.31 61 Zlokucane Zlokucane 217 0.14 62 Zlocudovo Zlocudovo 271 0.17 63 Zoljevo Zoljevo 259 0.17 64 Jarsenovo Jarsenovo 428 0.27 65 Jasunja Jasunja 514 0.33 66 Jelasnica Jelasnica 289 0.18 67 Karadjordjevac Karadjordjevac 417 0.27 68 Kozare Kozare 362 0.23 69 Kukulovce Kukulovce 298 0.19 70 Kumarevo Kumarevo 825 0.53 71 Kutles Kutles 651 0.42 72 Lipovica Lipovica 1287 0.82 73 Mala Biljanica Mala Biljanica 207 0.13 74 Manojlovce Manojlovce 778 0.50 75 Medja Medja 872 0.56 76 Milanovo Milanovo 546 0.35 77 Miroševce Miroševce 1053 0.67 78 Mrstane Mrstane 1431 0.92 79 Navalin Navalin 898 0.57 80 Nakrivanj Nakrivanj 1315 0.84 81 Novo Selo Novo Selo 120 0.08 82 Nomanica Nomanica 317 0.20 Oraovica (kod Grdelice), Nesvrta, 83 Oraovica 2210 1.41 Bistrica Oraovica (kod Oraovica (kod Crkovnice) 152 84 Crkovnice) 0.10 85 Orašac Orasac 582 0.37

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Oruglica, Gagince, Melovo, Ravni Oruglica 446 86 del 0.29 87 Palikuca Palikuca 387 0.25 Palojce, Licin Dol, Krpejce, Palojce 821 88 Bocevica 0.53 89 Petrovac Petrovac 108 0.07 90 Pecenjevce Pecenjevce, Kastavar 1844 1.18 91 Piskupovo Piskupovo 216 0.14 92 Podrimce Podrimce 283 0.18 Predejane (varoš), Koracevac, 93 Predejane (varos) 1458 0.93 Crveni Breg, Mrkovica 94 Predejane (selo) Predejane (selo) 491 0.31 95 Presecina Presecina 448 0.29 96 Priboj Priboj 642 0.41 97 Radonjica Radonjica 903 0.58 98 Razgojna Razgojna 904 0.58 99 Rajno polje Rajno polje 739 0.47 100 Rudare Rudare 551 0.35 101 Svirce Svirce 436 0.28 102 Slavujevce Slavujevce, 431 0.28 103 Igrište Igrište 292 0.19 104 Slatina Slatina 639 0.41 105 Smrdan Smrdan 155 0.10 106 Strojkovce Strojkovce 1344 0.86 107 Stupnica Stupnica 402 0.26 108 Susevlje Susevlje 228 0.15 109 Todorovce Todorovce 521 0.33 110 Tulovo Tulovo 739 0.47 111 Tupalovce Tupalovce 380 0.24 112 Turekovac Turekovac 1794 1.15 113 Crkovnica Crkovnica 133 0.09 114 Cekmin Cekmin 915 0.59 115 Cifluk Razgojnski Cifluk Razgojnski 335 0.21 116 Cukljenik Cukljenik 636 0.41 117 Sainovac Sainovac 216 0.14 118 Sarlince Sarlince 854 0.55 119 Sisince Sisince 639 0.41 120 Drvodelja Drvodelja 245 0.16

On the city of Leskovac teritory, fallowing local communities ore formed: “Anciki”, „Bobiste”, ”Bratmilovce”,” Veljko Vlahovic”, „Veternica”, „Gornje Stopanje”, „Donje Sinkovce”, „Dubocica”, „Rade Zunic”, „Stojan Ljubic”, „Morava”, „Mose Pijade”, „Milentije Popovic”, „Prva juznomoravska brigada”, „Kosta Stamenkovic”, „Hisar”, „Centar” i „Marko Crni”.

2.3 Climate Mild moderate continental climate with the average annual temperature if 11.40oC, precipitation of 628mm and moderate sea level (210 – 240) m, exceptionally favorable for living and economy. Moderate continental climate determined by the geographical width (430 average width), sea level (210 – 240 m) and relief (favourable arrangement of hilly and plain areas), has contributed to the region’s favourable conditions for living and basic economy activities. That is why its epicentral settlement Leskovac located in almost the geometrical centre of the Leskovac valley has got its 600 year long written history and it is believed that the settlement was inhabited even in year 2000 b.c.

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• Maximum temperature is 42oC. • This temperature was measured in 5 July 2000. • The minimum temperature is 30.3oC. • This temperature was measured in 13 January 1985. • Maximum precipitation: 92,00mm • This precipitation was measured in 26 June, 1954. • Maximum snow: 124 cm • This was measured in 3 January 1963.

Table 6. Climate indicators Municipality TEMPERATURE Average air temperature – January (ºC) -0.4 Average air temperature – July (ºC) 21.4 Average air temperature – per year (ºC) 11.4 Average number of frosty days – per year 95.5 Average number of days with tropical temperature – per year 30.8 AIR HUMIDITY Average humidity of air – per year (%) 77.0 SUNNY DAYS Average number of bright days – per year 79.0 Average number of cloudy days – per year 114.9 FALLS Average falls – per year (mm) 600 - 800 FALLS by TYPE Average number of snowy days – per year 31 Average number of days with snow cover – per year 47.1 Average number of foggy days – per year 42.2 Average number of days with hale – per year 0.6

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2.4 Local government (administration)

Statute

City assembly

Mayor

City council

11 City departments

City administration:

• City administration for urban planning, construction, communal – housing matters • City administration for inspection • City administration for financies • City administration for assests and legal affair • City administration for economy and agriculture • City administration for social affairs • City administration for environment protection • City administration for general affairs • City administration for City Assembly matters and the City Council • City administration for providing services to citizens – Citizens Assistance Centre • City administration for public procurement

The newly established Agency for local economic development will be in charge of the economic development of the City of Leskovac. The Agency was established as a legal follower of the Development Fund of the City of Leskovac (part of which was a sector for local economic development), Guarantee Fund for the City of Leskovac, Fund for Agricultural Development and Fund for Scholarships and Grants on the territory of the City of Leskovac. Primary activities of the Economic Development Agency are: -comprehensive work on the strategic development documents, as well as coordination of work of all the city institutions with the above mentioned documents, comprehensive work on development projects with the provision of donor and coninvestor funds, maintenance of the existing funds, attracting new ones and expanding business activities, forming databases and operating a unique information system for the City of Leskovac, contacts and and a direct support to the local business community, comprehensive activities on the promotion of the city and other activities of importance for local economic development. On the territory of the City of Leskovac the following have been located and are succesful: • Regional institution: Regional Chamber of Economy, Development Centre for Jablanica and Pcinja Districts, Regional Agency for Economic Development and Entrepreneurship and Regional Centre for Support and Promotion of Export, Textile Information Centre, Centre for Crossborder Cooperation. • Nongovernment organizations: Education Centre, National Parliament, Resource Centre.

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Table 7. Structure of representatives in the municipal assembly, 2008 Share in total number of Number of representatives in the representatives in the municipal municipal assembly assembly (%) TOTAL 75 100 DS 25 33.33 SRS 23 30.67 G17+ 7 9.33 DSS 5 6.67 NS 4 5.33 SNS 3 4.00 SPS 3 4.00 PUPS 2 2.67 SDP 2 2.67 PSS 1 1.33

2.5 History, tradition and cultural heritage

A Greek historian Herodot mentions in V century BA that on a place or near todays Leskovac there was an Ilyrian (dardan) settlement, around which there were fields of hemp. In the II century, after defeating Ilurians, the Romans found a settlement on the left bank of river Veternica and they build fortress on , which dominated the town and road. There are no data about the first centuries of life of our predecessors on this area until XII century. Area around Leskovac under the name of Glubočica (Dubočica) was given as a present from Greek emperor Manojlo to Nemanja in XII century, as an area of Glubočica, where Leskovac settlement was situated. During the times of emperor Dušan and immediately after him some villages in Dubočica as well as Leskovac were given to monasteries as presents. Emperor Stefan Dušan gave village of Leskovac to Hilendar Monastery in 1348. In 1395 Efimija (duchess Milica) with her sons Vuk and Stefan gave to Svetogorski monastery Sv. Pantelejmon a house and two men in Leskovac. At that time Leskovac was mentioned for the first time as a town.

By the end of XVIII century Leskovac is already the center of big Leskovac pashalik that covered the territory of former Alaxi - Hisar (Kruševac) and Paraćin. French geographer Ami Bue wrote in 1837 that Leskovac had 3,000 houses, 2,400 Christian and 500 Turkish, 30 Roma and 10 Jewish, and total of 15,000 citizens. Occupation of Leskovac area by Austro Hungary, Germany and Bulgaria (from 1915 - 1918), did great damage to citizens, economy and it stopped the development of the town. Leskovac achieved the maximum in economic development by the beginning of II world war. On April 6th and 8th in 1941 Leskovac was bombarded for the first time. Bombs fell around railway station, main street towards Hisar, a foundry "Sava" was destroyed as well as transport company "Begović and i Đokić". entered into Leskovac on April 12th in 1941 and occupied it. 19 19

Leskovac suffered lots of material damage and loss of lives during the Second World War, but it suffered a real catastrophe only days before liberation, on September 6th in 1944. American bombardiers "B29" – around 50 airplanes, without any motive or reason, as allies, destroyed numerous quarters and killed so many citizens. The exact number of victims or injured was never identified, it ranges from 2, 5 to 4 thousand victims. 1840 houses were destroyed and damaged. Leskovac was liberated on September 11th 1944.

Factory "Gligorije Petrović i komp", was confiscated in June 1945 and it and it worked under the name T. I. "Kosta Stamenković" as a state owned company. 176 textile machines were taken from this factory in the period from 1945-1952 into other towns (, Titograd, Užice, , Višegrad, Požarevac, Beograd, Tetovo, and ). According to the legend there is a belief under the hill near the place where town is situated nowadays there was a lake, but it was drained and hazel tree „leska“grew there. A settlement got the name after it as Leskovac over 600 years ago, but during Turk occupation it was called Hisar according to the Turkish word that means fortress.

Sop Djokics hause is located at Masarik square and is old 120 years.It was made in the Balcans style of the architecture construction of the 19th centery with ground floor and the first floor. There is no opening in the ground floor and the entrance is beneath the divan place. The basement is large and is more than a half of ground floor. The most beautiful premises are on the floor. In the biggest room there is the engraving ceiling, which is very rare. Rosettes on the windows,doors,fence and the floor are differently formed. The building was renewed and rebuild in 1980 in the same style.

Bora Piksla house,old National Museum facility build in XIX century, with one floor in balcanian style. Nowday, we have permanent postulate of National museum which shows enterier of Leskovac houses build in XIX century.

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3 Natural resources

City of Leskovac agricultural land occupies the area of 576 km2, of which 371 km2 is arable land, while forest covers the area of 162 km2.

Table 8. Structure of land, 2006 Share of Share in Share of municipality total area the district Municipality in the same District Serbia of the in the same 2 type land in 2 2 (km ) municipality (km ) type land in (km ) the district (%) Serbia (%) (%) Total area 1,025 100 37.00 2,770 3.13 88361 Agricultural land 576 56.20 38.28 1.505 2.98 50529 Arable land 371 36.20 51.20 725 2.20 32987 Forests 162 15.80 31.21 519 2.62 19845

City Area(km2) Total area Agriculture area Arable area Forests 7%

25% 43%

25%

Since the climate characteristic, Leskovac city has a numerous natural beauties. There are plenty of mountains, lakes, rivers and canyons.

Rivers The biggest river in Leskovac area is Južna Morava that flows from south towards north and together with Zapadna Morava makes Velika Morava. Južna Morava has the following confluents: Vlasina, that flows from Vlasina Lake and flows through and ; Veternica, that flows through Leskovac; Jablanica, that begins under the mountain of Golja and flows through Medveđa and ; Pusta Reka, that flows from mountain Radan, fills in Brestovac Lake and flows through . Vučjanka, which flows from mountain Kukavica, flows through Vučje and becomes part of Veternica. Leskovac area is also known for rivers Kozaračka reka, Predejanska, Kopašnička and Sušica.

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Flora and Fauna Natural resources of Leskovac area are favourable for great variety of plants and animals. Most common wild animals are: deer, wild boar, rabbit, partridge and pheasant. A great variety of herbs and other useful plants grow here. The first flora research in this area was conducted by the founder of Serbian botanist, Josif Pančić at the end of 19th century. He found a very rare plant on Ostrozub, endemorelict bay-cherry (Prunus Laurocerasus). For over a hundred years this plant attracts attention of botanists from the whole world, since it was found only here, in Bulgaria and on 2-3 other locations. That is why Ostrozub is protected as a natural reserve. There are around 50 rare, mainly good for health, plants in Leskovac area.

Grdelička gorge A wide Leskovac valley becomes full of hills under the forests only ten kilometers south of town. That is where a vivid Grdelica gorge begins. The south part is called Momina gorge. River South Morava flows through it. 25 km away from Leskovac there is a nice mountain picnic resort Predejane surrounded by forests, hills, protected from winds and with no fog- an ideal place for resting.

Babicka gora hills This mountain beauty is rich with different wild animals. It is special because the sigh from the hills towards Suva planina is exquisite, so it can be a good starting point for walking tours through mountainous area.

Canyon of Vucjanka River River Vucjanka flows through rocky riverbed through mountain Kukavica. It made beautiful channels, waterfalls and miniature lakes. Canyon is several kilometers long and has many attractive bathing locations. In the middle of Vucjanka canyon there is one of the oldest hydroelectric power plants on Balkans. It was built in 1903 and it is still functioning.

Kukavica

Potential for tourism development for Leskovac is mountain Kukavica, which is situated among Vranje valley at south, Leskoavc at north and Grdelica gorge at east, as well as valley of Veternica. Peak is Vlajna which is 1441 meters high. It covers the area of 587 m2. This mountain is only 16 km away from Leskovac. Local bus lines connect the town to it often enough and roads are also good. Mountain Kukavica has good natural conditions for development of mountain and hunting tourism, since there are many wild animals such as wild boar and deer. There are also many other birds and animals, as well as predators. PC "Srbija sume" is responsible for it. Registered hunting areas are "Kukavica" which is at 1360 meters above sea level. Beneath the peak there is a ski path 600 k long and 100 m wide, with average sloe of 22 %. Кukavica is an ideal place for sportists preparation, mounteneering and walking, rural tourism and exploitation of medical herbs.

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4 Human resources

4.1 Population statistics (number of inhabitants and population growth)

Number of citizens increased over the last four decades but it slowed down significantly between two censuses. According to the last census in 2002 municipality has 162,000 of people, including those who live abroad. This was a significant immigration area in the past century from all the surrounding municipalities, so that 65,000 moved into town at that period. According to the natality and mortality rates in teh period from 1996-2002 it is obvious that the trend is negative and it looses the power of natural generator and regeneration of people, while emigrational potentials from immediate surroundings are used, so it is now a neutral factor of growth. Age structure of citizens is obviously ageing, which leads to disharmony among age groups. It is not stable yet and changes are still expected towards even bigger ageing with growing demographic consequences. Independently from future trends of natural and migration component, the trend so far set up a considerable demographic potential in the municipality, one of the biggest in the Republic of Serbia, which makes an important factor for economic growth of the municipality, even republic, according to the number and skills It is estimated that directly or indirectly there are 28,000 people who are connected to agriculture directly or indirectly, which makes 17% of people or 39% of active people which can be considered as high percentage of agriculture population. Level of education as well as the structure is far below the needs in the town.

Table 9. Comparative population statistics, census data 1948 1953 1961 1971 1981 1991 2002 Number of population in the municipality* 113158 121311 134250 147487 159001 161986 161086 Change of population number / 8,153 12,939 13,237 11,514 2,985 -900 Population growth in the municipality (%) / 7.20 10.67 9.86 7.81 1.88 -0.56 Number of population in the district* 231,280 244,128 254,855 260,982 262,531 255,011 247,834 Population growth in the district (%) / 5.56 4.39 2.40 0.59 -2.86 -2.81 Population growth in Serbia (%) / 6.34 8.37 7.86 7.31 1.21 0.90 * Number of population calculated by the previous methodology (used before census 1991)

Rate of Growth of inhabitants in the City

12 10 8 6 4

2

0 1953 1961 1971 1981 1991 2002 -2

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Table 10. Estimated number of population in the period 2000-2006 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Number of population in the municipality 156,877 156,224 155,544 154,895 154,113 153,084 156,877 Overall change of population number in the municipality 156,877 -653 -680 -649 -782 -1,029 156,877 Population growth in the / municipality (%) -0.42 -0.44 -0.42 -0.50 -0.67 -0.42 Population growth in the district (%) / -0.42 -0.44 -0.42 -0.50 -0.67 -0.42 Population growth in Serbia / (%) -0.05 -0.26 -0.23 -0.30 -0.39 -0.05

4.2 Population by type of neighborhood Table 11. Structure of population by type of neighborhood, 2002 Municipality District Serbia

Number Share (%) Number Share (%) Number Share (%) Urban population 68826 44.05 98420 40.85 4225896 56.36 Other population 87462 55.95 142.503 59.15 3272105 43.64 Total population 156252 100 240.923 100 7498001 100

4.3 Population events According to the natality and mortality rates in teh period from 1996-2002 it is obvious that the trend is negative and it looses the power of natural generator and regeneration of people, while emigrational potentials from immediate surroundings are used, so it is now a neutral factor of growth. Age structure of citizens is obviously ageing, which leads to disharmony among age groups. It is not stable yet and changes are still expected towards even bigger ageing with growing demographic consequences. Independently from future trends of natural and migration component, the trend so far set up a considerable demographic potential in the municipality, one of the biggest in the Republic of Serbia, which makes an important factor for economic growth of the municipality, even republic, according to the number and skills.

Table 12. Population events, 2006 Municipality District Serbia Newborn 1337 1935 68102 Newborn per 1000 of population 8.8 8.3 9.2 Deceased 2028 3256 102805 Deceased per 1000 of population 13.3 14.0 13.9 Birth rate -691 -1321 -34703 Birth rate per 1000 of population -4.5 -5.7 -4.7

Table 13. Structure of female population above 15, by number of newborn children, 2002 Share in female population above Municipality 15 in the municipality (%) Total 66291 100 Did not give birth 13586 20.49 1 child 11313 17.07 2 33280 50.20 Gave 3 5974 9.01 birth 4 1387 2.09 5 and more 735 1.1

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4.4 Population by marital status

Table 14. Structure of population above 15 by marital status and age, 2002 Share in total population of Municipality the municipality (%) Total 130554 100 Single 26955 20.65 Married 87040 66.67 Divorced 3307 2.53 Widows / widowers 5150 3.94 Unknown 56 0.04

4.5 Major age groups

Table 15. Structure of population by age and gender, 2002 Share in total population of the Municipality municipality (%) Total 156252 100 Total population male 77641 49.69 female 78611 50.31 Total 7548 4.83 0-4 male 3956 2.53 female 3952 2.53 Total 8689 5.56 5-9 male 4586 2.94 female 4103 2.63 Total 9461 6.05 10-14 male 4836 3.10 female 4625 2.96 Total 10362 6.63 15-19 male 5299 3.39 female 5063 3.24 Total 10462 6.70 20-24 male 5315 3.40 female 5147 3.29 Total 10774 6.90 25-29 male 5445 3.48 female 5329 3.41 Total 10037 6.42 30-34 male 5065 3.24 female 4972 3.18 Total 10437 6.68 35-39 male 5326 3.41 female 5111 3.27 Total 10816 6.92 40-44 male 5534 3.54 female 5282 3.38 Total 12291 7.87 45-49 male 6405 4.10 female 5886 3.77 Total 11563 7.40 50-54 male 5895 3.77

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female 5668 3.63 Total 7832 5.01 55-59 male 3919 2.51 female 3913 2.50 Total 9667 6.19 60-64 male 4648 2.97 female 5019 3.21 Total 10088 6.46 65-69 male 4632 2.96 female 5456 3.49 Total 8006 5.12 70-74 male 3463 2.22 female 4543 2.91 Total 4803 3.07 75-79 male 1905 1.22 female 2898 1.85 Total 1843 1.18 80-84 male 742 0.47 female 1101 0.70 Total 511 0.33 85-89 male 204 0.13 female 307 0.20 Total 159 0.10 90-94 male 62 0.04 female 97 0.06 Total 31 0.02 95 and over male 11 0.01 female 20 0.01 Total 872 0.56 unknown male 393 0.25 female 479 0.31

Age Structure

104241

25698 25461

872

up to 14 15 - 64 over 65 unknown

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Table 16. Structure of population according to basic categories, 2002 Municipality, 2002 Municipality, 2006 Share in total Share in total Number of Number of population of the population of the population population* municipality (%) municipality (%) Preschool age 0-6 10,892 6.97 11,190 7.36 School age 7-14 14,806 9.48 13,380 8.80 Working age 15-64 104,241 66.71 101,042 66.49 Population above 65 25,441 16.28 26352 0.00 Population above 18 / / 121,858 80.19 Fertile women 15-49 36,790 23.55 34,823 22.92 Total 156,252 100 151,964 100 * estimate by RSO

Age Structure

1% 16% 16%

up to 14 15 - 64 over 65 unknown

67%

Table 17. Age indicators, 2006. Municipality District Serbia Average age 40.57 40.92 40.89 Expected life time - male 70.73 70.67 70.42 Expected life time - female 75.58 75.43 75.82 Aging index* 99.19 103.46 103.17 * Age index is equal to relation of number of population aged 60 years or more and Number of population aged up to 19 years inclusive

4.6 Gender structure of population

Table 18. Gender structure, 2002 Structure of Structure of Structure of Municipality population in the population in the population u Serbia municipality (%) district (%) (%) Male 156252 201.25 49.80 48.63 Female 78611 101.25 50.20 51.37 Total 77641 100 100 100

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4.7 Ethnic structure of population

Table 19. Ethnic/national structure of population, 2002 Municipality District Serbia Share in Share in Share in total total total Number Number Number population population population (%) (%) (%) 147,414 94.34 225,092 93.43 6,212,838 82.86 Montenegrins 284 0.18 725 0.30 69,049 0.92 Yugoslavs 122 0.08 147 0.06 807,721 10.77 23 0.01 2,841 1.18 61,647 0.82 Bosniaks 5 0.00 7 0.00 136,087 1.81 Bulgarians 85 0.05 109 0.05 20,497 0.27 Bunjevci 0.00 3 0.00 20,012 0.27 0.00 0 0.00 40,054 0.53 Gorani 1 0.00 2 0.00 4,581 0.06 Hungarians 16 0.01 26 0.01 293,299 3.91 Macedonians 251 0.16 326 0.14 25,847 0.34 13 0.01 18 0.01 19,503 0.26 Germans 7 0.00 9 0.00 3,901 0.05 Roma 6,989 4.47 9,900 4.11 108,193 1.44 Romanians 3 0.00 11 0.00 34,576 0.46 Russians 16 0.01 25 0.01 2,588 0.03 Ruthenians 1 0.00 3 0.00 15,905 0.21 Slovaks 4 0.00 5 0.00 59,021 0.79 Slovenians 22 0.01 25 0.01 5,104 0.07 Ukrainians 8 0.01 8 0.00 5,354 0.07 Croats 67 0.04 93 0.04 70,602 0.94 Czechs 3 0.00 3 0.00 2,211 0.03 Others 44 0.03 58 0.02 11,711 0.16 Undecided 225 0.14 692 0.29 107,732 1.44 Regional 58 0.04 71 0.03 11,485 0.15 belonging Unknown 591 0.38 724 0.30 75,483 1.01 Total 100 100 100

Serb Montenegrian Yugoslav Albanian Bosnak Bulgarian

Goranian Hungarian Macedonian Muslim Ge rma n Roma

Rumanian Russian Rusinian Slovak Slovenian Ukrainian Croat Czech Other Neuter Regional qualification Unknown

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4.8 Religious structure of population

Table 20. Religious structure of population, 2002 Municipality District Serbia

Number (%) Number (%) Number (%) Muslims 389 0.25 3,239 1.34 239,658 3,19 Jews 0 0.00 0 0.00 785 0,01 Catholics 117 0.07 152 0.06 410,976 5,48 Orthodox 147,743 94.55 227,484 94.42 6,371,584 84,97 Protestants 2,853 1.83 2,893 1.20 80,837 1,08 Pro-oriental cults 9 0.01 10 0.00 530 0,00 Other religion 202 0.13 285 0.12 18,768 0,25 Believer, but is not a member 0 0.00 0 0.00 473 0,00 of any religious confession Undeclared 1,946 1.25 3,525 1.46 197,031 2,63 Is not a believer 88 0.06 114 0.05 40,068 0,53 Unknown 2,905 1.86 3,221 1.34 137,291 1,83 Total 156,252 100 240,923 100 7498,001 100

4.9 Language structure of population

Table 21. Language structure of population, 2002. Municipality District Serbia

Number (%) Number (%) Number (%) Serbian 148,673 95.15 227,872 94.58 6,620,699 88,30 Albanian 18 0.01 2,835 1.18 63,835 0,85 Bosnian 3 0.00 4 0.00 134,749 1,80 Bulgarian 50 0.03 63 0.03 16,459 0,22 Vlachs 0.00 0.00 54,818 0,73 Hungarian 11 0.01 17 0.01 286,508 3,82 Macedonian 197 0.13 244 0.10 14,355 0,19 Roma 6,672 4.27 8,974 3.72 82,242 1,10 Romanian 2 0.00 9 0.00 34,515 0,46 Slovak 4 0.00 5 0.00 57,498 0,76 Croatian 56 0.04 78 0.03 27,588 0,37 Other languages 101 0.06 127 0.05 40,858 0,54 Unknown 465 0.30 695 0.29 63,877 0,85 Total 156,252 100 240,923 100 7,498,001 100

4.10 Population by work-ability

4.10.1 Structure population by work-ability and gender

Work-able population in city of Leskovac is consist of 46,04% of total population and more then 30% are supported. Most of Work-able population are occupied in Agriculture, hunting and forestry area and Processing industry. Table 22. Population by work-ability and gender, 2002 Share in total Share in total work-able Municipality population of the population of the municipality (%) municipality (%) Total Population 156,252 100 /

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Total 71,947 46.05 100 Active (work-able) male 42,007 26.88 58.39 population female 29,940 19.16 41.61 Total 53,621 34.32 74.53 Employed active male 32,403 20.74 45.04 population female 21,218 13.58 29.49 Total 2,882 1.84 / With personal male 14,655 9.38 / income female 14,227 9.11 / Total 55,131 35.28 / Supported male 20,801 13.31 / female 34,330 21.97 / Total 292 0.19 / Working abroad working 196 0.13 / (to 1 year) Family members 96 0.06 /

4.10.2 Working population by profession and sector of work

Table 23. Structure of working population by profession and gender, 2002 Legislators, Service Farming, Unskilled, appointed Specialist Public providers fishery Machine Military Total Technicians Craftsmen simple Unknown officials, workers servants and shop and operators officers jobs managers workers forestry T 1473 2659 7064 2229 4867 14604 4070 6007 3206 613 3851 1473 Total* M 1115 1379 3142 1277 2770 7909 3593 3907 1958 584 2330 1115 F 358 1280 3922 952 2097 6695 477 2100 1248 29 1521 358 Agriculture, T 38 36 147 98 28 14511 75 135 323 - 20 38 hunting and M 31 28 83 38 14 7839 73 131 252 - 15 31 forestry F 7 8 64 60 14 6672 2 4 71 - 5 7 T 1 - - - - 2 - - - - - 1 Fishery M 1 - - - - 2 - - - - - 1 F ------T - - 1 1 6 ------Mining M - - - - 4 ------industry F - - 1 1 2 ------T 314 354 1846 700 73 47 1850 4572 766 1 1072 314 Processing M 235 209 907 454 45 35 1479 2526 394 1 584 235 industry F 79 145 939 246 28 12 371 2046 372 - 488 79 T 17 43 195 73 24 - 215 137 26 - 76 17 Energy M 14 34 115 45 22 - 212 129 13 - 61 14 F 3 9 80 28 2 - 3 8 13 - 15 3 T 73 62 276 106 52 2 917 186 574 1 7 73 Construction M 63 42 161 58 24 2 901 181 520 1 7 63 F 10 20 115 48 28 - 16 5 54 - - 10 T 614 85 585 254 2894 4 314 139 322 - 446 614 Trade M 458 49 253 138 1486 2 297 136 250 - 287 458 F 156 36 232 116 1408 2 17 3 72 - 159 156 T 48 7 71 50 577 2 43 23 96 - 78 48 Hotels and M 39 6 26 27 350 2 28 22 37 - 46 39 restaurants F 9 1 45 23 227 - 15 1 59 - 32 9 T 111 138 483 266 154 12 223 592 118 - 197 111 Transport and M 97 63 221 180 130 8 220 578 71 - 127 97 communication F 14 75 262 86 24 4 3 14 47 - 70 14 Financial T 21 42 188 44 7 - 3 7 16 - 29 21 activities M 15 23 68 20 5 - 3 7 2 - 10 15 30 30

F 6 19 120 24 2 - - - 14 - 19 6 Real estate T 30 66 119 19 5 2 25 11 65 - 34 30 operations and M 18 50 54 10 4 1 25 10 22 - 19 18 other business related F 12 16 65 9 1 1 - 1 43 - 15 12 activities Public T 40 259 484 241 386 - 51 38 82 610 236 40 administration M 32 151 298 91 377 - 48 38 35 581 162 32 and defense F 8 108 186 150 9 - 3 - 47 29 74 8 T 25 814 747 71 7 3 22 15 215 1 183 25 Education M 19 352 339 22 4 3 22 14 104 1 90 19 F 6 462 408 49 3 - - 1 111 - 93 6 Health care T 35 579 1391 109 119 2 100 73 338 - 289 35 and social M 25 259 266 56 33 2 89 68 47 - 86 25 protection F 10 320 1125 53 86 - 11 5 291 - 203 10 Other utility T 62 123 289 80 139 17 62 49 153 - 63 62 and public M 36 78 225 50 67 13 56 47 112 - 42 36 activities F 26 45 64 34 72 4 6 2 41 - 21 26 Private T - - - - 1 - - - 3 - - - households- M ------1 - - - employers F - - - - 1 - - - 2 - - - Exterritorial T - - 1 ------organizations M ------and bodies F - - 1 ------T 44 51 241 113 18 - 169 28 108 - 1121 44 Unknown M 32 35 126 66 16 - 139 20 97 - 794 32 F 12 10 115 47 2 - 30 8 11 - 327 12 *T – Total; M – male; F – female.

4.11 Educational structure of population

Table 24. Structure of population above 15 according to level of education, 2002 Municipality (Number) Municipality (%) Serbia (%) Femal Fem Total Male Female Total Male Total Male e ale 13055 Total Population (>15) 64263 66291 100 100 100 4 100 100 100 Total 13220 2412 10608 10.1 3.75 16.0 5.66 2.53 8.55 Unqualified illiterat 10174 1274 8900 7.79 1.98 3.59 1.09 5.92 e 13.43 Total 2655 1163 1492 2.03 1.80 2.25 2.00 1.23 2.70 1-3 grades – illiterat elementary 57 22 35 0.04 0.03 0.05 0.03 0.06 e 0.05 12.3 15.9 4-7 grades – elementary 20908 9891 11017 16.0 15.39 16.62 14.19 0 4 22.9 24.7 Basic general high 26958 13493 13465 20.1 20.10 20.31 23.88 7 2 46.0 53.5 Full general high 48113 26412 21701 36.8 41.09 32.74 41.07 8 0 Basic higher 4882 2795 2087 3.74 4.34 3.14 4.51 9.37 6.92 13.5 11.2 Full higher 5636 3406 2230 4.31 5.30 3.36 6.52 4 9 Unknown 8182 4691 3491 6.26 7.29 5.26 2.18 4.53 2.54 Illiterate – Total 10231 1296 8935 7.83 2.01 13.5 3.64 1.11 5.98

31 31

Stucture of The Inhabitants Older Than 15 Years by The Education Level

60000 50000

40000 30000 20000 10000 0 Total Illiterate Total Illiterate Without school education 1-3 grades of Primary school 4-7 grades of Primary High school College Faculty Unknown Illiterate in total Primary school education education education education

City (No.) Total 130554 City (No.) Men 64263 City (No.) Women 66291

4.12 Families and households

4.12.1 Families Table 25. Structure of families according to number of children, 2002 Share in total Municipality families in the municipality (%) Total families 48224 100 Families without children 17155 35.57 Families with children 31069 64.43 Families with one child 14104 29.25 Families with two children 15221 31.56 Families with three children 1535 3.18 Families with four children 168 0.35 Families with five and more children 41 0.09 Families with children below 25 25290 52.44 Children below 25 42137 / Average number of children below 25 per family 0.87 /

Table 26. Structure of families by type, 2002. Share in total families of the Municipality municipality (%) Total families 48224 100 Couples without children 17155 35.57 Couples with children 26418 54.78 Single mothers with children 3453 7.16 Single fathers with children 1198 2.48

4.12.2 Households Table 27. Structure of households according to number of members, 2002 Share in total Number households of the municipality (%) Total 46583 100 With one member 6515 13.99 Households in the 2 10751 23.08 municipality 3 8183 17.57 4 10408 22.34 32 32

5 5052 10.85 6 3900 8.37 7 1185 2.54 8 372 0.80 9 120 0.26 10 and more 97 0.21 Municipality 3.35 / Average number of District 3.29 / household members Serbia 2.97 /

4.13 Migration of population

4.13.1 Moved in Table 28. Moved in according to time periods Share in total number Share in total number Number of people who moved in of people in (%) municipality (%) Number of people in 156252 / 100 municipality Number of people who live in municipality from the 98260 / 62.89 beginning Total 57992 100 37.11 1940 and before 968 1.67 0.62 1941-1945 894 1.54 0.57 1946-1960 10902 18.80 6.98 Moved in 1961-1970 10699 18.45 6.85

1971-1980 10526 18.15 6.74 1981-1990 9413 16.23 6.02 1991-2002 10460 18.04 6.69 Unknown 4130 7.12 2.64

Number of Immigrants in Leskovac

15000 10000 5000 0

1940 and... 1941-1945 1946-1960 1961-1970 1971-1980 1981-1990 1991-2002

Table 29. Structure of people who moved in according to the area of origin, 1940- 2002 Share in total number of Municipality people who moved in the municipality (%) Moved in – Total 57992 100 Serbia – Total 54100 93.29 Other place within the Moved in from 29872 51.51 municipality 21918 37.79 33 33

Vojvodina 817 1.41 Kosovo 1493 2.57 Montenegro 192 0.33 Bosnia and Herzegovina 686 1.18 Croatia 903 1.56 Macedonia 1044 1.80 Slovenia 223 0.38 Other countries 307 0.53 Unknown 537 0.93

4.13.2 Daily commuting Table 30. Daily commuting according to the type, 2002 Share in total number Municipality of people commuting (%) Daily commuting – Total 19531 100 Total 12800 65.54 Other neighborhood in the same 10191 52.18 Daily municipality commuting to Other municipality 1571 8.04 work Other country 2 0.01 Unknown 1036 5.30 Total 6731 34.46 Pupils 6162 31.55 Students 569 2.91 Daily Other neighborhood in the same commuting to 5617 28.76 municipality school Other municipality 647 3.31 Other country 1 0.01 Unknown 466 2.39

Table 31. Commuting to work – by sectors, 2002 Share in total number of Municipality people commuting (%) Total daily commuting 12800 100 Agriculture, hunting and forestry 490 3.83 Fishery 1 0.01 Mining industry 5 0.04 Processing industry 5,637 44.04 Energy (electric energy, gas, water) 265 2.07 Construction 963 7.52 Vehicle sale and repair 1,176 9.19 Hotels and restaurants 336 2.63 Transport, storage and communications 868 6.78 Financial operations 38 0.30 Real-estate and other business activities 116 0.91 Public administration, defense and social 714 5.58 Education 676 5.28 Health care and social protection 809 6.32 Utilities and other public services 259 2.02 Private households – employers - 0.00 Exterritorial organizations and bodies - 0.00 Unknown 447 3.49

34 34

5 Housing resources Total dwellings of City of Leskovac is consist of 50.000 apartments 3 milion m2. Average size of dwellings are 62 m2. In 248 dwelling houses are 6.726 collective apartments, total size 336.330 m2, with average size of 50m2. Most of them are Apartments owned by natural entities, 98,69%, tworoom and three room apartments. Dinamic build of apartments was at 1960, but after 2000 year number of new built apartments is drastically reduced.

5.1 Housing statistics Table 32. Comparison of population according to different censuses 1971 1981 1991 2002 Number of apartments in the municipality 34,739 43,729 47,565 48,951 Number of apartments per 100 residents 23.6 27.5 29.4 30.4 Municipality Increase in number of / / / / apartments (%) Number of apartments per 100 residents 23.1 27.8 30.6 32.4 District Increase in number of / / / / apartments (%) Number of apartments per 100 residents 26.6 30.4 32.7 34.8 Serbia Increase in number of / / / / apartments (%)

40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 1971 34739 0 1981 43729 No. Of Growth of No. Of Growth of No. Of Growth of habitations habitations habitations habitations habitations habitations 1991 47565

on 100 number on 100 number on 100 number 2002 48951 inhabitants inhabitants inhabitants

Leskovac District Serbia

Table 33. Number and size of apartments, other occupied space, collective apartments and other type of living, 2002 Municipality Average District Serbian Total per average average number/size apartment Number of apartments 51,753 / / / Apartment size (m2) 3,247,495 62.75 61.62 64.78 Number of residents in apartments 157,718 3.0 2.8 2.6 Number of other occupied space 172 / / / Other residential space size (m2) 5,937 34.52 35.91 33.63 Number of people in other occupied space 447 2.6 0.0 3.0 Collective apartments 10 / / / Area of the collective apartments 14,652 1465.20 1157.63 1480.78 Number of people in the collective 892 89.2 73.1 83.9 apartments

35 35

Table 32. Structure of collective apartments, 2002. Municipality District Total number of collective apartments 10 16 Barracks for workers 1 2 Hostel for single persons - 1 Boarding schools for students and pupils 2 4 Home for children and young people with learning - - problems Home for vulnerable children - - Home for pensioners, old and vulnerable 1 1 Home for veterans - - Monastery beds - - Other collective apartments 6 8

Table 33. Structure of apartments according to type and utility infrastructure, 2002. Share in total 2 Average apartment size (m ) apartments of Municipalit the y Municipali municipality District Serbia ty (%) Apartments – Total 48951 100 63.66 62.71 66.04 Apartments owned by natural 48310 98.69 63.80 68.96 66.31 entities studio 888 1.81 17.85 17.88 18.16 One-room 6885 14.07 32.52 32.43 33.77 apartment Two-room 15380 31.42 53.44 52.89 56.01 Type of apartment apartment Three-room 15645 31.96 68.80 67.70 73.69 apartment Four-room 6548 13.38 84.34 83.97 94.34 apartment Five room and over 3603 7.36 118.19 117.83 135.95 Water network 42720 87.27 65.80 65.77 68.16 Connected to Electric power 48527 99.13 63.84 62.92 66.24 network Equipped Bathroom 33416 68.26 68.52 69.28 70.25 with Toilet 28332 57.88 67.84 68.72 70.10

Table 346. Structure of apartments according to age of construction, 2002

Share in total 2 Average apartment size (m ) apartments of Municipality the Municipali municipality District Serbia ty (%) Total apartments 48,951 100 63.66 62.71 66.04 until 1918 638 1.30 48.04 48.99 60.12 1919-1945 2,393 4.89 50.77 50.82 57.31 1946-1960 6,473 13.22 52.27 52.01 55.49 1961-1970 11,072 22.62 60.98 60.27 60.04 Newly built 1971-1975 5,710 11.66 688.06 68.41 68.13 apartments 1976-1980 7,466 15.25 68.96 68.81 71.97 1981-1985 5,136 10.49 69.57 70.37 75.78 1986-1990 4,605 9.41 71.26 70.60 75.50 1991-1995 2,037 4.16 70.30 70.37 78.07

36 36

1996-2000 1,538 3.14 69.85 70.66 76.09 2001 230 0.47 71.68 71.20 70.40 1st quarter of 2002 42 0.09 89.74 77.69 73.63

Table 357. Structure of occupied apartments according to number of households and members, 2002 Share in total apartments Municipality of the municipality (%) Occupied apartments –Total 44259 100 1 household 41862 94.58 2 households 2,125 4.80 3 and more households 208 0.47 1 person 5566 12.58 2 9354 21.13 Apartments with 3 7354 16.62 4 9562 21.60 5 5458 12.33 6 4586 10.36 7 and more 2379 5.38

5.2 Housing construction Tabela 38. New residential units by year of construction 2007 2008 2009 Newly built residential units (individual residence) 108 143 164 Newly built residential units (collective residence) 46 38 207 Average size of new residential units (m2) 55 55 55 Tabela 39. Housing construction, 2007. Opština Okrug Srbija Number of apartments – Total 220 424 46,244 Finished apartments 85 177 19,049 Unfinished apartments 135 247 27,195 Average size of finished construction (m2) 89.07 86.72 69.46 Number of unfinished construction per 1000 inhabitants 0.6 0.8 2.6 Table 36. Value of constructed housing units, 2006 Share in total value of Municipality all construction works (€)* (%) Value of completed construction works - Total 30,030,583 100 Apartment construction - Total 1,995,799 6.65 Private apartment construction 1,418,967 4.73 Other type of ownership – apartment construction 576,832 1.92 * Medium exchange rate NBS in 2006 37 37

5.3 Market prices

Table 371. Market prices of housing, 2010 Size of apartment Location Price (€/m2)* center 700 Studio apartment suburb 600 center 700 One room apartment suburb 550 center 600 Two room apartment suburb 530 center 650 Three room apartment suburb 550 center 600 Over three room suburb 500 center 550 Houses suburb 450

Table 382. Prices of new apartments, II half 2007 Serbia Municipality Beograd (average) Average size of apartment (m2) 97 61 53 Price of apartment (€/m2) 454 1459 1132 Price of construction land (€/m2) 148 425 290 Price of construction (€/m2) 409 825 677 Other costs (€/m2) 22 209 165

1600 1400 1200 1000

800 Leskovac 600 Beograd 400 200 Serbia 0 Average size of Habitation Cost of the Constructing Other costs Habitation (m2) cost(€/m2)* structural land costs(€/m2) (€/m2) (€/m2)

38 38

6 Economy

Potentials of the Leskovac City

The city of Leskovac, as a gravitating economic centre of , covers the territory of 1025km2 and is one of the biggest municipalities on the territory of the Republic of Serbia. The municipality is situated in the centre of vast and fertile Leskovac valley formed by the South Morava, the Veternica and the Jablanica rivers covering the territory of 700km2, and is surrounded by the mountains called Kukavica, Radan and Pasjache on the west side and Babichka Gora and the Vlasina river on the east and southeast side. The valley is 50km long and 45km wide and lies on the 42º59 of the north geographic latitude and 21º57 of the east geographic longitude. The city of Nis is on the north of Leskovac city (the most north point being a place called Brestovac). It borders Kosovo and Metohija on the west (with its small part), with Vranje and Vladicin Han. The east borderlines are the municipalities of Crna Trava and Vlasotince..

General characteristics

Leskovac is a city, which lies on the corridor of the passage of international trains traveling from Europe to Skoplje, Thessalonica and Athens. The most important road is E- 75, which connects Hungarian with Macedonian border. Regional roads to Pristina, Pirot and go through Leskovac. Leskovac is 45 km away from Nis; 280km from Belgrade, 155km from Sofia, and 160 kilometars from Skoplje.There is an airport in each of these cities, enabling guests visiting Leskovac to reach it. With its 144 settlements, Leskovac municipality is one of the most scattered municipalities in Serbia. Three settlements are of a city type, out of which Leskovac is the economic, socio-political, cultural and emigrational centre of the entire area. 65 000 people currently live in it, which is 40% of the entire population.

39 39

6.1 Economy structure by sectors

Table 393. Number of enterprises by sectors and size, 2008 Share in total number of Number of enterprises enterprises (%) Big Medium Small Total Big Medium Small Total TOTAL 9 39 928 976 0,92 4,00 95,08 100 Agriculture and hunting 1 2 36 39 2,56 5,13 92,31 4,00 Forestry ------0,00 Water ------0,00 Fishing ------0,00 Mining - - 1 1 0,00 0,00 100,00 0,10 Food processing, drinks and - 7 46 53 0,00 13,21 86,79 5,43 tobacco Textile and textile products - 2 38 40 0,00 5,00 95,00 4,10 Leather processing and leather - - 1 1 0,00 0,00 100,00 0,10 products Wood processing and - 3 34 37 0,00 8,11 91,89 3,79 manufacture of wood products Celluloses and paper production, - - 18 18 0,00 0,00 100,00 1,84 publishing activities Coal and crude oil products ------0,00 Chemical products, synthetic 2 3 14 19 10,53 15,79 73,68 1,95 fibers Rubber and plastic products - 1 12 13 0,00 7,69 92,31 1,33 Other non-metal mineral - 1 10 11 0,00 9,09 90,91 1,13 production Metal and metal products 2 1 18 21 9,52 4,76 85,71 2,15 Machines and equipment - 1 6 7 0,00 14,29 85,71 0,72 Electrical and optical devices - 1 10 11 0,00 9,09 90,91 1,13 Vehicle production - - 1 1 0,00 0,00 100,00 0,10 Other processing industry - 14 14 0,00 0,00 100,00 1,43 Processing industry - Total 4 20 222 246 1,63 8,13 90,24 25,20 Production and distribution of 1 1 1 3 33,33 33,33 33,33 0,31 electric power, water and gas Construction - 4 64 68 0,00 5,88 94,12 6,97 Wholesale, retail, vehicle sale and 2 5 378 385 0,52 1,30 98,18 39,45 repair Hotels and restaurants - 1 10 11 0,00 9,09 90,91 1,13 Transport, storage and - 4 90 94 0,00 4,26 95,74 9,63 communications Financial activities - - 1 1 0,00 0,00 100,00 0,10 Real estate operations, leasing, provision of services to legal - - 55 55 0,00 0,00 100,00 5,64 entities Public administration, defense and ------0,00 mandatory social insurance Education - - 23 23 0,00 0,00 100,00 2,36 Health care and social protection - - 12 12 0,00 0,00 100,00 1,23 Other collective, public and - 2 24 26 0,00 7,69 92,31 2,66 personal services Exterritorial organizations and - - - 0 - - 0,00 bodies

40 40

Table 404. Number of employees by sectors and size of enterprise, 2008 Number of employees in Share in total number of enterprises employees in enterprises (%) Big Medium Small Total Big Medium Small Total TOTAL 2.607 3.845 4.294 10.746 24,26 35,78 39,96 100 Agriculture and hunting 273 24 123 420 65,00 5,71 29,29 3,91 Forestry 293 1 294 99,66 0,00 0,34 2,74 Water ------0,00 Fishing ------0,00 Mining ------0,00 Food processing, drinks and - 534 264 798 0,00 66,92 33,08 7,43 tobacco Textile and textile products - 443 415 858 0,00 51,63 48,37 7,98 Leather processing and leather - - 10 10 0,00 0,00 100,00 0,09 products Wood processing and - 254 178 432 0,00 58,80 41,20 4,02 manufacture of wood products Celluloses and paper - - 81 81 0,00 0,00 100,00 0,75 production, publishing activities Coal and crude oil products ------0,00 Chemical products, synthetic 1.207 187 76 1.470 82,11 12,72 5,17 13,68 fibers Rubber and plastic products - 123 64 187 0,00 65,78 34,22 1,74 Other non-metal mineral - 173 45 218 0,00 79,36 20,64 2,03 production 41 41

Metal and metal products 289 228 116 633 45,66 36,02 18,33 5,89 Machines and equipment - 72 54 126 0,00 57,14 42,86 1,17 Electrical and optical devices - 61 41 102 0,00 59,80 40,20 0,95 Vehicle production ------0,00 Other processing industry - - 92 92 0,00 0,00 100,00 0,86 Processing industry - Total 1.496 2.075 1.436 5.007 29,88 41,44 28,68 46,59 Production and distribution of 403 63 59 525 76,76 12,00 11,24 4,89 electric power, water and gas Construction 399 380 779 0,00 51,22 48,78 7,25 Wholesale, retail, vehicle sale 142 260 1.102 1.504 9,44 17,29 73,27 14,00 and repair Hotels and restaurants - 44 142 186 0,00 23,66 76,34 1,73 Transport, storage and - 545 436 981 0,00 55,56 44,44 9,13 communications Financial activities - - 2 2 0,00 0,00 100,00 0,02 Real estate operations, leasing, provision of services to legal - - 156 156 0,00 0,00 100,00 1,45 entities Public administration, defense ------0,00 and mandatory social insurance Education - - 60 60 0,00 0,00 100,00 0,56 Health care and social - - 189 189 0,00 0,00 100,00 1,76 protection Other utility, public and - 435 208 643 0,00 67,65 32,35 5,98 personal services Exterritorial organizations and ------0,00 bodies

Table 415. Structure of enterprises, institutions and other legal entities by sectors, 31.12.2007 Share in total number of Municipality enterprises (%) TOTAL 2.218 100 Industry and mining 89 4,01 Agriculture and fishery 29 1,31 Forestry 1 0,05 Water power - 0,00 Construction 36 1,62 Transport and communications 30 1,35 Commerce 189 8,52 Hotel industry and tourism 4 0,18 Craft and personal services 16 0,72 Housing and utilities 3 0,14 Financial and other services 39 1,76 Education and culture 324 14,61 Health care and social protection 24 1,08 Social/political groups and organizations 562 25,34

42 42

Leskovac have 899 shops with 1992 employees. Perdominant sector is wholesale, retail, vehicle sale and repair with over 48,20% participation, and also real estate operations, leasing, provision of services to legal entities (8,23%), hotels and restaurants with 6,90%, food processing, drinks and tobacco (6,45%) and construction (5,01%).

Table 426. Structure of shops by sectors, 2008 Share in total Share in total Number of number of Number of shops number of employees in employees shops (%) shops in shops (%) TOTAL 899 100 1.992 100 Agriculture and hunting 3 0,33 - 0,00 Forestry - 0,00 - 0,00 Water - 0,00 - 0,00 Fishing - 0,00 - 0,00 Mining 1 0,11 - 0,00 Food processing, drinks and 58 6,45 317 15,91 tobacco Textile and textile products 28 3,11 59 2,96 Leather processing and leather 1 0,11 0,00 products Wood processing and 31 3,45 188 9,44 manufacture of wood products Celluloses and paper production, publishing 12 1,33 10 0,50 activities Coal and crude oil products - 0,00 - 0,00 Chemical products, synthetic 4 0,44 5 0,25 fibers Rubber and plastic products 12 1,33 22 1,10 Other non-metal mineral 12 1,33 31 1,56 production Metal and metal products 22 2,45 60 3,01 Machines and equipment 2 0,22 11 0,55 Electrical and optical devices 9 1,00 9 0,45 Vehicle production - 0,00 - 0,00 Other processing industry 21 2,34 53 2,66 Processing industry - Total 212 23,58 765 38,40 43 43

Production and distribution of 0,00 0,00 electric power, water and gas Construction 45 5,01 95 4,77 Wholesale, retail, vehicle sale 438 48,72 784 39,36 and repair Hotels and restaurants 62 6,90 160 8,03 Transport, storage and 15 1,67 13 0,65 communications Financial activities 21 2,34 18 0,90 Real estate operations, leasing, provision of services 74 8,23 86 4,32 to legal entities Education 3 0,33 1 0,05 Health care and social 7 0,78 25 1,26 protection Other utility, public and 18 2,00 45 2,26 personal services

Table 437. Structure of shops by type of organization, 12.04.2007 Share in total number Municipality of shops (%) TOTAL 4222 100 Shops by individual owners 3663 86 Shops owned by partners 35 0.83 Shops registered by employed person or pensioner 524 12.41

Table 48. Structure of working population by sectors, 2002 Share in total number of Municipality active population (%) Working population - Total 53621 100 Agriculture, hunting and forestry 15606 29.10 Fishery 3 0.00 Mining industry 14 0.03 Processing industry 12775 23.82 Energy (electric energy, gas, water) 814 1.52 Construction 3211 6.00 Vehicle sale and repair 5941 11.08 Hotels and restaurants 1070 1.99 Transport, storage and communications 2413 4.50 Financial operations 356 0.66 Real-estate and other business activities 425 0.79 Public administration, defense and social 2438 4.55 Education 2239 4.18 Health care and social protection 3115 5.81 Utilities and other public services 1064 1.98 Private households - employers 4 0.07 Exterritorial organizations and bodies 2 0.00 Unknown 2131 3.97

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6.2 Industry

At the end of 18th century, Leskovac was center of big Leskovac and takes the teritory of all former part of Alandzi-Hisar ( Krusevac) and Paracin. During the Ottman rule, Leskovac was their center named as Dubocica. At half of 19th century, Leskovac was second city by its size, after Belgrade, had 13 textile factories, so was named as Serbian Mancester. Until II world war, Leskovac was very economic developed and had high developed textile industry.( 1938 with 18000 inhabitants). With trade and industry developing, banking was on higher level.

Today, Leskovac has 4 predominant industries: hemical, food, textile and wood industry. • Hemical industry: Zdravlje Actavis, , „Bulcvat“ ,DCP „Hemigal“. • Textile industry: SKKR „ROSSO“ „Martes“ D.O.O., • Food industry: Mesokombinat“, „Mlekara“ -Leskovac, „Ulpin“, „Porečje“ –Vučje, „Strela Kljajić“ D.O.O. -Leskovac„ Tomaco“ AD „ Umi-pek“ Leskovac. • Wood industry: „Drvopromet“ Leskovac, „Produkt“ Pecenjevce, SSZR „Mita“ , „Nikolic Stanko“, „Furnier“ Leskovac, „Randjelovic“ Vucje. Also, Leskovac has a metal, electro and constructon industry.

Chemical industry

As part of hemical industry, predominant production of pharmaceutic raw materials, medicines, cosmetic products, polypropilenic and polyetilenic products, thermoinsulation and hydroinsulation materials.

The most successful: • „ZDRAVLJE-Actavis“ • DCP “HEMIGAL“, • „NEVENA“ • „BANE KOMERC“

Company „Zdravlje - Actavis“, Leskovac – produces pharmaceutic raw materials and medicines. A leading manufacturer of drugs for gastroenterology and cardiology for more than 50 years, Zdravlje has been part of Actavis Group since 2002 and continues to be one of the largest generic pharmaceutical companies in Serbia.Zdravlje applies the highest standards GMP certificat Ministary of health, Republic of Serbia and EU GMP certificat of Danish Agency for drugs.

Company “DCP Hemigal” was founded 22.03.1995. years and his primary activity is the development and production of cosmetic preparations. During the years the company has continuously developed and insisted on product quality, detailed and strict internal control and making a fast and efficient transport of products to customers, thereby achieve satisfaction of end users and has become one of the best-known manufacturer of cosmetic preparations in the region. represented in the market of Serbia, but also in markets neighboring countries: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia and Croatia.

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Food industry

Primary production predominant: • crops 356.246 tons annually • vegetable growing 156.892 tons annually • fruit production 212.401 tons annually

Most sucessfull are: • „POREČJE“ Vučje – Leskovac • „JUG-PROM“ - Leskovac, • „STRELA“ Klajić - Leskovac, • „FUNGO-JUG“ - Leskovac,

The capacities of cold storage are over 40.000 tons of vegetable products and all sorts of berries (cherries, strawberries, raspberries). Over 80% of these products are for the EU market-y.

Social company „Porecje“ Vucje – Leskovac

• agricultural plant with predominant production of fruit on modern plantations,cooling capacities for frozen fruit, vegetable, distillation for production of alcoholic drinks (rakija), as well as a wide variety of products of warm fruit and vegetable processing • 400 ha of modern plantation orchards (pears, apples, peaches, cherries) at an altitude of 600 meters • on the area of 50 ha fruit-planting material is produced • By building of 3 mikroaaccumulations of 395.000 cubic meters of water, irrigation of 70 % of total area under fruit plantation is enabled • the capacity of deep freezing storage is 7.000 tons • distillation premise for the production of several types of rakija (annual capacity of 2500 tons, one of the famous types being „viljemova rakija„) • realized export 3.500.000 euro • the entire cycle from the primary production to the warm processing of fruit and vegetable of 8000 tons capacity • tender sale of the company

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AD “TomaCo“ Leskovac

• Production of sweets (turkish delights, candies, waffles, chocolates, cream) • annual production capacity 4 000 tons • adequate machinery for this type of production • fifty-year old tradition in the production of sweets

„ Umi-pek“ Leskovac

• production of bread, pastry and fodder • 3 automatic lines for the production of bread and pastry (45.000 loaves of bread and a ton of pastry daily) • mill capacity 27.000 tons yearly • silo capacity with authomatic drier 3200 tons yearly • 135 employees

„Mesokombinat“ Leskovac • „Minced meat for barbecue“ with a geographic origin mark • production of raw and processed meat with the famous „mince meat“ • slaughter-house of 3700 m2 capacity ( 90 livestock, 300 pigs and 1000 lambs daily) • 2500 tons of meat are produced and processed yearly on the area of 4 ha • administration building of 250m2 and supporting buildings of 170m2 • adequate infrastructure • the biggest built • in capacity in south Serbia in the area of slaughter-housing • contract terminated and second aukcion is awaited • following the termination of contract, a contract on the business and technical cooperation with the company called o raskidu „Mesokombinat Promet“ Leskovac has been signed • 115 employees

Textile industry • Leskovac is a former „Serbia “ • Primary production of raw material of various content to final products (knitted fabrics, socks, clothing) • Presence of foreign companies

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Wood industry

The production of final products is predominant (massive wood products, school furniture, pre- school furniture and office furniture, construction joinery, piece furniture, tapecirung upholstery,veneer, palettes and briquets. Partner countries: Italy, Germany, Greece, Spain, Sweden, Russia

Most important wood processing companies:

• „Drvopromet“ llc Leskovac, produces final wood products (tables, chairs), parquet, veneer, briquet • „Produkt“ llc Pecenjevce Leskovac produces boards, massive wood furniture, parquet, briquet • SSZR „Mita“, „Nikolic Stanko“ and „Furnier“ Leskovac, produce final wood products (chairs,tables,cupboards,cribs) • „Randjelovic“ llc Vucje

Metal and electro industry

Predominant production of casting, panel boards, agricultural machinery, central heating boilers, stoves, ovens, lightning products. The most successful: • „Inter lemind“ Leskovac • „Tim trade“ Leskovac

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6.3 Agriculture

The covered area is situated in the southern part of the Republic of Serbia and is surrounded by Toplica, Nisava and Pirot district, the Republic of Macedonia in the south, and Kosovo in the west and the Republic of Bulgaria on the eastern border of our country. As far as economic development is concerned, all municipalities of this area are far below the average of the Republic of Serbia, which could be witnessed from the comparative data on the national income per capita for 2000: Serbia - 16.211,00 din., the South Morava region- 10.945,00 din. The second general characteristic lies in the fact that in all of the municipalities the greatest share has agricultural population.When economy structure in question, it has been noted that agriculture represents basic economy sector in the entire area with special emphasis on the agriculture of individual sector. Almost two thirds of the area is hills and valleys. The rest is flat, which, in broader sense, constitutes the so called Leskovac valley. The majority of land types are of medium-heavy mechanic content and medium porous. As per chemical content, the land is typically acid, while the content of humus is low, with a moderate share of physiologically active phosphorus and potassium. The climate is moderately-continental, with steplike characteristics. Inadequate precipitation as well as a low level of the total precipitation during a one year period (600- 800 L/m2) presents the most important condition for agricultural production. In accordance with this fact, it could be concluded that the available water resources in this area are not enough to meet the needs of the population and the economy, as well as agriculture, so that it would be necessary to take good care of this in the forthcoming period.

Table 49. Structure of agricultural population according to type of household, gender and activity, 2002 Share in Share in total agricultural population of population of Municipality the the municipality municipality (%) (%) Population - Total 156252 100 / Total 22242 14,23 100 Agricultural population Male 11223 7,18 50,46 Female 11019 7,05 49,54 Total 19670 12,59 88,44 Agricultural population – Male 9882 6,32 44,43 households Female 9788 6,26 44,01 Total 15134 9,69 68,04 Working agricultural population Male 8300 5,31 37,32 engaged in agriculture Female 6834 4,37 30,73 Total 14302 9,15 64,30 Individual farmers Male 7663 4,90 34,45 Female 6639 4,25 29,85 Total 7108 4,55 31,96 Supported agricultural population Male 2923 1,87 13,14 Female 4185 2,68 18,82

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Table 50. Structure of agricultural households by size, 2002 Share in total Share in total number of Municipality number of agricultural households (%) households (%) Farms – Total 18366 100 / Non-farming households 10621 57.83 / Mixed households 4223 22.99 / Households without income 373 2.03 / Total 3149 17,15 100 Without land 2 0,01 0,06 do 0,1 ha 4 0,02 0,13 Agricultural 0,1 – 1 ha 726 3,95 23,05 households 1 – 5 ha 2117 11,53 67,23 5 – 10 ha 237 1,29 7,53 10 – 20 ha 57 0,31 1,81 Over 20 ha 6 0,03 0,19

400

300

200

100

0 In total with out landup to 0,1 ha 0,1 – 1 ha 1 – 5 ha 5 – 10 ha 10 – 20 ha over 20 ha Agriculture farms

Table 441. Structure of total agricultural land in the municipality according to the use, 2007 Share in total agricultural Municipality (ha) area (%) Area – Total 102500 / Agricultural area – Total 57614 100 Total 37102 64,40 Wheat 23917 41,51 Arable land and Industrial plants 986 1,71 gardens Vegetables 5433 9,43 Forage crops 5307 9,21 Orchards 3474 6,03 Vineyards 3183 5,52 Meadows 5069 8,80 Pastures 8786 15,25 Fishponds, swamps and marshes 0,00

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Table 452. Structure of privately owned agricultural land according to the use, 2007 Share in total Municipality agricultural land owned

(ha) by private households (%) Area – Total 102500 / Agricultural land owned by private households - 51306 100 Total Total 36923 71,97 Wheat 23879 46,54 Arable land and Industrial plants 985 1,92 gardens Vegetables 5431 10,59 Forage crops 5286 10,30 Orchards 2874 5,60 Vineyards 2662 5,19 Meadows 4831 9,42 Pastures 4016 7,83 Fishponds, swamps and marshes / 0,00

Table 463. Production of crops, industrial plants, vegetables and forage crops, 2007 Average crops Total crops in Share in total Average crops Average crops in the the crops in Serbia in the district in Serbia municipality municipality (t) (%) (kg/ha) (kg/ha) (kg/ha) Wheat 27.871 18.638.811 0,15 2.655 2.591 Corn 16.561 3.904.825 0,42 1.392 1.331 Sugar beet 12 3.206.380 0,00 1.000 1.000 Sunflower 3 294.502 0,00 1.500 914 Beans 1.938 39.224 4,94 800 696 Potatoes 15.353 743.282 2,07 7.600 5.834 Legume 266 435.499 0,06 2.483 2.507 Alfalfa 6.046 904.838 0,67 3.481 3.399 Meadows (hay) 4.664 1.013.773 0,46 877 1.176 Pastures (hay) 2.574 360.413 0,71 288 349 Table 474. Fruit and grapes production, 2007 Number of Total yield Average yield fruit-bearing Share in total Average yield Average yield in the in the trees/grape- yield in in the district in Serbia municipality municipality vines in the Serbia (%) (kg/tree) (kg/tree) (t) (kg/tree) municipality Apple 336.503 6.651 245.228 2,71 19,8 19 Plums 469.640 77.872 680.566 11,44 16,6 17,2 Grapes 14.778.000 15.068 353.315 4,26 1,0 1,2

Table 485. Livestock production, 01.12. 2007 Share in total Share u total Municipality livestock in the livestock in Serbia district (%) /%) Total 23.710 49,28 2,18 Cattle Cows and in-calf heifers 17.071 49,77 2,63 42.148 Total 54,42 1,10 Pigs Sows and in-pig sows 8.644 57,18 1,57 Sheep Total 4.015 26,21 0,25 51 51

Breeding sheep 2.583 29,71 0,22 Poultry Total 247.411 37,21 1,51

Table 496. Average livestock, 01.12. 2007 Municipality District Serbia Cattle number per 100 ha of arable land 41 32 22 Pig number per 100 ha of arable land 73 51 76 Sheep number per 100 ha of arable land 7 10 32

Table 507. Sale and purchase of agricultural products, 2007 Share in total turnover Share in total turnover Municipality of the district (%) of Serbia (%) Wheat (t) 49 100,00 0,0073 Corn (t) - 0,00 0,0000 Beans (t) - 0,00 0,0000 Potatoes (t) 500 100,00 2,1535 Apples (t) 1.315 100,00 3,3720 Plums (t) 1.784 100,00 9,1798 Grapes (t) 0,00 0,0000 Cattle (t) 2.256 94,55 7,5002 Pigs (t) 580 88,96 0,7372 Eggs (pcs) 2.168.000 7,82 3,1820 Milk (l) 5.172.000 38,38 0,8071

6.4 Forestry

Table 58. Forested land and average density, 2006 Municipality Share of Serbia (%) Total area in the municipality (ha) 102.400 1,16 Forested area (ha) 16.255 0,82 broadleaved - 0,00 In forests (ha) conifers 12,30 3,20 broadleaved 1,99 0,02 Outside forests (ha) conifers 31,34 3,53 Average wooden mass – Total broadleaved 41.378 19,82 (m3) conifers 1.040 0,49 Average wooden mass – broadleaved 28 - technical tree (%) conifers 85 -

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6.5 Total production

6.6 Companies according to number of employees

Table 51. Size of enterprises by number of employees in 2007 Share in total enterprises of the Number of enterprises Municipality municipality (%) 0 (self-employers) 325 33,30 1-10 employees 502 51,43 11-50 employees 106 10,86 51-100 employees 18 1,84 101-250 employees 19 1,95 251-500 employees 5 0,51 501-1000 employees 1 0,10 1001-5000 employees - 0,00 over 5000 employees - 0,00 unclassified - 0,00 TOTAL 976 100

6.7 Macroeconomic indicators

Table 520. GDP by sectors, 2005. GDP GDP GDP structure in structure Municipality structure the District (€) of the Serbia (€) (€)* of Serbia municipality District (%) (%) (%) Total 112.860.258 100 147.473.670 100 11.081.087.589 100 GDP per capita 732 / 625 / 1.489 / Share in total GDP 1,02 / 1,33 / 100 / in Serbia (%) Level of GDP per capita compared 49,17 / 41,95 / 100 / to average in Serbia (%) Agriculture, hunting, forestry, 26.423.628 23,41 46.576.951 31,58 1.882.124.340 16,99 water management 53 53

Fishery 0 0,00 1.797 0,00 4.715.209 0,04 Mining 7.550 0,01 7.550 0,01 548.651.972 4,95 Processing 34.815.016 30,85 37.043.951 25,12 3.008.098.577 27,15 industry Energy production, gas 5.361.886 4,75 7.132.988 4,84 213.614.630 1,93 and water Construction 7.607.562 6,74 11.807.369 8,01 812.005.223 7,33 Wholesale, retail, and vehicle sale 24.259.486 21,50 28.334.037 19,21 2.736.933.952 24,70 and repair Hotels and 1.915.607 1,70 2.378.459 1,61 200.252.310 1,81 restaurants Transport, storage 9.772.428 8,66 11.213.050 7,60 1.154.457.002 10,42 and connections Real estate 2.191.135 1,94 2.288.952 1,55 469.383.368 4,24 operations, leasing Health care and 200.000 0,18 382.608 0,26 26.143.493 0,24 social protection Other collective, public and 305.958 0,27 305.958 0,21 24.707.514 0,22 personal services * Medium exchange rate NBS in 2005

Table 531. GDP according to ownership structure, 2005 GDP structure GDP structure Municipality of the GDP structure of the district (€)* municipality of Serbia (%) (%) (%) Total 112.860.258 100 100 100 Total 91.900.953 81,43 82,99 75,66 Privately Enterprises 53.275.528 47,20 38,55 52,59 owned Households and shops 38.625.425 34,22 44,43 23,07 Socially owned 9.467.700 8,39 7,85 3,23 Owned by cooperatives 630.527 0,56 0,48 0,68 Mixed ownership 3.714.872 3,29 3,06 6,56 Owned by state 7.146.207 6,33 5,63 13,88 * Medium exchange rate NBS in 2005

Table 542. GDP of enterprises, 2005 Municipality (€)* District (€) Serbia (€) GDP of enterprises - total 88.048.016 98.844.096 10.133.033.156 GDP of enterprises - per resident 846 / 0 * Medium exchange rate NBS in 2005

Table 553. Basic information about enterprises, 2005 Municipality – Total for Share in the District all enterprises in the Share in Serbia (%) (%) municipality Depreciation (€)* 13.813.183 81,75 0,86 Gross income (€) 74.234.833 90,59 0,87 Material expenses (€) 102.592.112 85,26 0,71 Gross product (€) 88.048.016 89,08 0,87 Number of employees 15.826 82,37 1,51 * Medium exchange rate NBS in 2005

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6.8 Export structure Table 564. Export structure by type of products and services 2005 (€)* 2006 (€)** 2007 (€)*** Livestock and livestock products 6576 273563 415389 Crop products 2693916 2107856 1941168 Animal or vegetable fat and oil - - - Ready-to-eat products - 1639 55199 Mineral products 1244823 4366021 4081118 Products of chemical and related industries 4750182 6175291 5857247 Polymeric materials, plastics, and rubber 937676 5987977 12542257 Raw leather and fur and products of these - - - Timber and wood 40662573 31970974 38785418 Pulp of wood of other fibrous cellulose materials - - - Textiles and textile products 5632887 10718963 13689604 Footwear, headwear, umbrellas 5772252 7916870 7060034 Products of stone, gypsum, cement, ceramics, and 3328 5693 - glass Non-precious metals and products of these 21818269 31158426 33777383 Mechanical equipment; machines and mechanisms, electric equipment and parts of these; audio/video - - - recording/playback devices Vehicles and road equipment 1222204 2438318 2527897 Optical, photographic, and cinematographic devices and appliances; medical/surgical devices; - - - clocks/watches; musical instruments Miscellaneous manufactured goods - - - Works of art 2131865 2381469 2839499 Miscellaneous 16406 14493 69891 Total 86892957 105517553 123642104 * Medium exchange rate NBS in 2005

6.9 Export structure by destination

Table 575. Export structure by destination 2005 (€)* 2006 (€)** 2007 (€)*** CEE states 5078443 6459195 7091720 EU 51460533 55499194 73493092 US and Canada 354720 322387 561405 Countries of Former Yugoslavia 44300414 53933607 64541078 Other - - - Total 101194110 116214383 145687295 * Medium exchange rate NBS in 2005

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City economy

6.10 City budget revenues Table 586. City budget revenues, 2007 Municipal Revenue Municipality revenue structure

(€)* structure (average) in (%) Serbia (%) Total revenues 17.195.071 100 100 Total revenues per capita 113 / 258 Operating revenues 17.159.520 99,79 96,26 Revenue obtained from sale of non-financial assets 0 0,00 0,05 Revenue from loans and sale of financial assets 35.551 0,21 3,69 * Medium exchange rate NBS in 2006

6.11 City budget expenditures Table 597. City budget expenditures, 2007 Structure of Structure of municipal expenditures Municipality (€)* expenditures (average) in (%) Serbia (%) TOTAL expenditures 16.953.367 100 100 Total expenditures per capita 112 / 264 Operating expenditures 16.827.438 99,26 75,50 Expenditures for purchasing of non-financial assets 125.929 0,74 23,48 Expenditures for repayment of loans and provision of non-financial assets 0 0,00 1,02 Budget surplus and shortfall 241.703 1,43 -2,32

Institutions

6.12 Public utility enterprises Table 68. List of public utility enterprises Br. Enterprise name Activity Production and distribution of water, maintenance of water supply systems, treatment and discharge of waste water and surface water, 1 PUC ,,Vodovod,, quality control of potable water and waste waters, connecting to the networkand network maintenance Aranging and maintaining parks, greens and recreational areas, 2 PUC,,Komunalac,, cleaning and maintenance of graveyards, chimney sweeping services, winter maintenance of streets and sidewalks Production and distribution of heating, maintenance an reconstruction of the heating facility, equipment, hydronic network, steam heating 3 PUC,,Toplana,, system and gas system, as well as heating gauges, energy audit and heating collection services Daily and investment maintenance of the cattle, vegetable and flee market, car market and the market for selling construction timber, 4 PUC,,Pijaca,, charcoal and fire wood in Leskovac and Vučje. Calculation and collection of market services. Aranging and maintaining parks, greens and recreational areas, cleaning and maintenance of graveyards, chimney sweeping services, 5 PUC “ Grdelica “ winter maintenance of streets and sidewalks. Maintenance of water supply and sewerage networks.

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6.13 Public enterprises

Table 69. List of public enterprises Br. Enterprise name Activity Spatial planning, designing constructions and other facilites, Public Company- engineering, organization and coordination of construction works 1 Direkcija za urbanizam i and technical supervision. izgradnju Planing and programming of the investment and daily maintenance of residential, residential-office buildings, 2 JP ,,Dom,, maintenance of residential and office space and management of office space, concluding contracts on apartment useage and renting business space. Public Company “ Organization of public city and intercity transport of passengers 3 Gradska autobuska and goods, maintenance of bus stops and all other activities stanica related to passenger bus transport

6.14 Financial institutions

Table 600. List of banks 2010 Br. Name of bank No. of branch offices in the city 1 Credit Agricole (Meridijan bank) 1 2 Banca Intesa 2 3 Agro bank 1 4 Alpha bank 1 5 Findomestic bank 1 6 Komercijalna bank 1 7 Eurobank EFG 1 8 AIK bank 1 9 Raiffeisen bank 1 10 Greece bank (Vojvodjanska) 1 11 Postanska stedionica 1 12 Unicredit bank 1 13 Cacanska bank 1 14 Privredna bank Beograd 1 15 Procredit bank 1 16 OTP bank 1 17 Univerzal bank (UBB bank) 1 18 KBC bank 1 19 Societe Generale bank 1 20 Hipo Group Alpe Adria 1 21 Metals bank 1 22. Opportunity bank 1

Table 611. List of insurance companies 2010 Br. Name of insurance company No. of branch offices in the city 1 Delta Generali Insurance 1 2 Uniqua Insurance 1 3 Takovo Insurance 1 4 Dunav Insurance Company A.D.O 1 5 Kopaonik Insurance 1 6 Winner Insurance 1 7 Grawe Insurance 1

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Investments

According to General Urban Plan, on the territory off the city of Leskovac, indentified are three industrial zones. Within the industrial zones are 10 working zones situated on east, north and south from the city centre. Working zones 2 and 9 making the North industrial zone. Working zones. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 10 „New” (consisted of independent celine – New 1, 2, 3 i 4) making East Industrial zone, although Working zone 1 „Zdravlje” is outside of industrial complex. Mixed industrial zone „Bunibrodske Livade” is placed south from the city centre and still not divided on working zones.

In new General Urban Plan 2010 – 2019, which production is in procedure, will be indentified another industrial zone, called South New, with the total area of 96,93 ha, and it is situated North from the city centre, on the state owned land. At the moment it is used as agricultural land.

Predefinition of the land usage is in progress as the production of Detailed regulation plan. Forming of this industrial zone is the strategic goal of the Leskovac city.

Eastern industrial zone Northern Industrial zone

The Eastern Industrial zone is located on the M-1 Niš to Skoplje road, with available access to it. The ownership is mixed (mostly private and partly state ownership). The overall area of the Eastern Business Zone is 247.1 hectares. Usable area is 60%.

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The Northern Industrial zone of the city of Leskovac represents a unique complex of an area of 59.6 hectares. In terms of percentage the usable area of this business zone amounts to over 70%. Ownership within the zone is mixed (state, private and public ownership). The Southern Industrial zone is located between the M-1 Niš to Skoplje road and the E-75 Motorway. The ownership is mixed (mostly private and partly state ownership). The overall area of the Southern Business Zone amounts to 110.5 hectares. Usable area is 20%. Distance from the Main highway 4 km, from railway 0.5 km. Particially is equipped with infrastructure.

6.15 Realized investments in private sector

Table 622. Realized investments in last 5 years, 2008 Value of Company Country of Type of Number of Year of No. investment name origin investment new jobs investment (€) Zdravlje 1 Island Privatization 3.500.000 - 2003 Activas 2 Rukis element Greece Privatization - 27 2004 3 Mlekara AD Serbia Privatization - 2005 Interlemind Brownfild and 1.325.000 2005 4 Bulgaria - AD greenfild 10.000.000 2007 Purchase of 5 Idea Croatia private - 70 2006 company Porr Werner & Weber 6 Austria Privatization 11.000.000 80 2007

7 Sight Greece Privatization - 74 2007 8 Nevena AD Bulgaria Privatization 18.000.000 - 2007 9 Umi Pek Montenegro Privatization - 2007 10 KSK Cloting Greece Privatization 1.000.000 70 2007 11 Moravka Serbia Privatization - 26 2007 12 Zlatan trag Serbia Brownfild - 100 2009 13 Sonder Jansen Holland Greendfild 3.000.000 30 2009

6.16 Planned investments in private sector

Table 633. Planned investments in the next 2 years Value of Number Country of Year of No. Company name Type of investment investment of new origin investment (€) jobs

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Serbia Introduction of quality system and 1 Gamakom d.o.o. 250.000 5 2010 investment into new technologies 2 Bio-mlek Tulovo Serbia Expanding selection / 3 2010 Serbia Introduction of 3 Termomont d.o.o. standards and new 510.000 5 2010 products Serbia Investment into 4 Starting d.o.o. 30.000 3 2010 new technologies Serbia Expanding basic activity and 5 Galpres AD. 30.000 5 2010 introducing new standards 6 Obuća Miki d.o.o. Serbia Expanding selection 100.000 10 2010 7 Tranzit komerc Serbia New technologies 70.000 5 2010 Serbia Parking lot and car 8 Ninex d.o.o. 60.000 4 2010 pool 9 Patriota Vinarce Serbia New technologies 150.000 11 2010 Serbia Expanding basic 10 Masiv Leskovac activity and new 10.000 2 2010 marketing moves Serbia Expanding 11 Alfa hem d.o.o. 40.000 3 2010 production Serbia Expanding basic activity and 12 Metla komerc 55.000 10 2010 introduction of new production services Serbia Expanding production and 13 Fungo jug d.o.o. 300.000 25 2010 opeining new production facilities 14 Delta S d.o.o. Serbia Expanding 120.000 6 2010 Serbia Expanding 15 Donikjo d.o.o. 80.000 5 2010 capacities Serbia Expanding and 16 DCP Hemigal innovating 100.000 5 2010 production Serbia Expanding 17 Strela d.o.o. 1.000.000 80 2010 production Serbia Expanding 18 Tim trade 1.000.000 25 2010 kapaciteta Serbia Expanding 19 Viktorija. d.o.o. 200.000 10 2010 kapaciteta Andrić komerc Serbia Increasing 20 1.500.000 30 2010 d.o.o. production Serbia Increasing service 21 Albatros d.o.o. 200.000 30 2010 capacity Serbia Increasing 22 Interlemind A.D 2010 production Serbia Increasing 23 Porečje Vučje 2.500.000 100 2010 production 24 PWW DP Serbia 20 Serbia Increasing 25 JMT Kompany 10 2010 production 26 Motel Predejane Serbia Expanding capacity 100.000 5 2010

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Invest gradnja Serbia 27 - 15 2010 d.o.o. Serbia Expanding 28 Mk Mesara d.o.o - 30 2010 production Braća Đokić Serbia 29 100.000 12 2010 d.o.o. 30 Panon d.o.o. Serbia 400.000 30 Energosistem Serbia 31 Expanding capacity 200.000 10 2010 Ćogurić d.o.o Expanding 32 Mermo lux Srbija 150.000 3 2010 production 33 Mitić d.o.o. Srbija Expanding capacity 150.000 30 2010 34 Incom d.o.o. Srbija 100.000 3 2010 35 Benefarm d.o.o. Srbija Expanding selection 20.000 4 2010 Introducing new 36 Nevena A.D. Srbija 190.000 - 2010 technologies 37 Velas d.o.o. Srbija Expanding services 20.000 1 2010 Expanding 38 Drvopromet d.o.o Srbija - 70 2010 production 39 STR Dit ‘s Srbija Building new facility 30.000 6 2010 Ukupno 9.765.000 611 -

6.17 Investment structure

Table 644. FDI structure by country of origin Country name 2005 (€)** 2006 (€)* 2007 (€)*** Bugarska 1.325.000 - 28.000.000 Austrija - - 11.000.000 Grcka - - 1.000.000 TOTAL * Medium exchange rate NBS in 2005 ** Medium exchange rate NBS in 2006 *** Medium exchange rate NBS in 2007

Table 655. Realized investments by type of construction and technical structure, 2007 Share in total investments Municipality (€)* of the municipality (%) Total investments 37.106.759 100 New facilities 17.351.942 46,76 Character of Reconstruction, expansion and investment adaptation 16.706.248 45,02 Maintenance 3.048.569 8,22 Construction works 18.865.756 50,84 Provision and installment of Technical equipment - local 7.298.278 19,67 structures Provision and installment of equipment - imported 10.788.954 29,08 Other 153.771 0,41 * Medium exchange rate NBS in 2006

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6.18 Industrial zones and industrial parks Leskovac has 24 locations that are ready for investing. There are 4 Greenfield locations and 18 Brownfield. Detailed description for these location is in land inventory base. Detailed description of the Leskovac valley is mentioned in Database of the Agency for Local Economic Development.

Table 666. List of industrial zones and industrial parks Ownership Average Size (m2) No. Site name (%) Available infrastructure price total available private state (€/m2) Production MIXED facilities Industrial zone 907.153 907.153 1 100 - Electrical energy water 53,2 Bunibrodske Business Livade 66 East New1,2,3,4 100 Approach road, Water, Production (Working zone 586.000 586.000 2 - Sewerage, Electrical facilities 10) energy 53,2

58 Production East Industrial Road area, Water, facilities zone (Working 3 1.631.868 700.976 42 Sewerage, Electrical 62,4 zones energy Poslovni 3,4,5,6,7,8) 77,5 North industrial 63 Production zone (2 I 9) Road area, Water, facilities 4 603.810 224.629 37 Sewerage, Electrical 64,4 energy Poslovni 79,5

Table 677. List of companies in industrial zones and industrial parks, 2008 Number of Investment No Company name Activity IZ/IP employees value (€) Processing and covering 1 Interlemind AD with metal East 196 11.325.000

2 Zdravlje Actavis Farmaceutical industry Southeast 680 3.500.000 Cultivation of flowers and 3 Cvecar & Perper AD Northern 26 - decorative plants Paint and pigment 4 Nevena color DOO East 60 - production 5 Nevena AD Soap production sapuna East 339 - Production of ropes, 6 Bim Tex East 49 - strings and nets 7 AD Mašinoteks Tool production East 30 - 8 PWW Removal of waste East 263 21.000.000 Production of wire 9 Tim Trade East 93 - products 10 Livnica AD Casting iron East 228 - Production of dairy Northern 11 Mlekara PRO DOO 58 - products Processing teas and Northern 12 DP Moravka 26 - coffee 13 AD Toma Kostić Production of confection Northern 48 - Retail and wholesale Northern 14 Zlatan trag 100 - trade 62 62

Processing and preserving Northern 15 Jugprom DOO fruit and vegetables 115 -

Production of mill Northern 16 UMI-PEK products 133 -

Production of bricks and 17 IGM Mladost roof tiles from clay East 173 -

Non-specialized wholesale Northern 18 Prima-Nova DOO food trade 67 -

SUNCE PLUS DOO Northern Other wholesale 19 LESKOVAC 14 -

6.18.1 Sites of industrial zones/parks Northern industrial zone is situated at 8 km from the highway and 1 km from the motorway. Iis distance from the railroad is 1.5 km and from the centre of the city is 1 km. New Northern Industrial Zone is situated to the North from the centre of the City of Leskovac, and its current purpose is that of agricultural land. Construction of infrastructure is currently under way, and it has been planned to take place in two phases. The first phase will consist of constructing the infrastructure on 41ha21a, on the part situated between the railroad Belgraded-Skoplje and the motorway M1 and the deadline for completion of works on the first phase of the construction of infrastructure is anticipated to be 01st June, 2010. The Eastern Industrial Zone and the Eastern New Industrial Zone 1,2,3,4 are situated along the motorway M-1, Nis-Skopje. The distance from the highway is 6 to 8 km, from the centre of the city is 1 to 3 km and from the railway line it is 0 to 1.5 km. The Southern Industrial Zone is situated between the motorway M-1 (Nis- Skopje), the motorway M-9 and the highway E-75. The international railroad Belgrade-Athens passes through this zone, which opens great possibilities for investment.

6.18.2 Topographic characteristics of sites Leskovac basin represents the largest valley in Serbia. It is 50 km long, and 45 km wide and it spreads over the area, according to various sources, from 490 km2, to around 700 km2. It is slightly slanted towards the North to the Nis valley with the slope of 1.5 degrees (there is direct communication link between the two valleys) but in the zone of KurvinTown it narrowes to only about 2.5 km. Unlike the open area to the North, on the other sides the valley is surrounded by the midrange mountains. To the South and especially to the West it slopes fan-like into the river beds. On the bottom the valley is filled with neogen lake sediments. The rim sides are sharp, with the average slope of 3-4 degrees (Western), and 4-5 degrees (Eastern rim side). The terrain of the construction area is at the altitude of 200m to 240m, which represents lowlands and mildly rippled terrain of Leskovac basin, which in the East is surrounded by Babicka gora mountain- 1059m in altitude, Selicevica - 903m in altitude, and Krusevica 913m in altitude. Behind these mountains there is a powerful range of the Suva planina - 1810m altitude, and further south the limestone mountains of Serbia. In the west the basin is surrounded by the mild and rounded mountain Radan - 1409m in altitude, while in the South there are the Kukavica - 1441m in altitude and Cemernik - 1638m in altitude. With the exception of the Suva planina which belongs to the younger terciary Oregon, all the other mountains in the area belong to the group of older fault-block mountains. The most important hills in the basin are the remnants of the eralier central lake valley, which remaine as river forks, which we can also see in the form of erosion cones along the rim of the basin. Their most imposing representatives are: the Hisar - 341min altitude, the Rudarska čuka - 371m in altitude south of Leskovac, while the highest peak is on the hill above the village Vinarce, to the north from Leskovac - 398m in altitude.

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Leskovac valley is the biggest in Serbia, 50 km long and 45 km wide and with the total area of 700m2. Valley is slightly banded to the Nis Valley by the 1,5 degrees north. It is in direct communication with Nis valley, but in the area of Korvin city it is only 2,5 km wide From the other sides, valley is surrounded by the mountains. Towards the south, especialy to the west, valley follows rivers flows.

6.18.3 Access roads The east Industrial Zone is located on the motorway M-1 Nis-Skopje. It is 6-8km far from the highway, from the centre of the city 1-3km and from the railroad 0 to 1.5km. The north Industrial Zone is situated 8 km from the highway and 1 km from the motorway. Its distance from the railroad is 1.5 km and from the centre of the city 1 km. The south Industrial Zone – International railway Belgrade-Atihens passes through this zone. Its distance from the mtorway is 0.5 km, from the highway it is 4 km and from the railroad 0.5 km.

6.18.4 Zoning According to the decision on construction land the total territory of the City of Leskovac has been divided into seven zones, and they are: the zone of the inner city core or extra zone, then the first, second, third and the fourth zone for the territory covered by the General Urban Plan, the fifth zone refers to the larger settlements on the territory of the City of Leskovac and the sixth zone which covers the settlements outside the General Urban Plan of the City of Leskovac.

6.18.5 Soil composition Basic geological characteristics of the Leskovac basin are tertiary (Neogene) layers of alluvial (Quarternary) entities, which means, the youngest sediments. The deepest parts of the bottom of the Leskovac basin consist of the Neogene layers and they start already at 20-50m deep in the alluvial plane, or according to some sources 20-28 meters. Structural drilling ascertained that they go all the way to the depth of 300 meters. The tertiary sediments are the lake clay, gravel and sand sediments which belong to the Neogene complex. These sediments cover large areas of the middle part of the basin terrain. The alluvial plane around the rivers Juzna Morava, Vlasina, Jablanica, Pusta Reka and their estuaries was built from the Od Quarternary sediments and its maximum depth is 20-50 meters or 20-28 meters. In the urban planning sense, according to the geo-mechanical characteristics of the wider city area is characterized by a stablie ground.

6.18.6 Available utility infrastructure The northern industrial zone – the infrastructure has been completed. Traffic road, water supply network, sewerage, electrical supply network. The northern newindustrial zone – Works on the infrastructure in the zone are in progress. The deadline for the completion of the first phase of works on the infrastructure for the location of 41ha21a is 01st June, 2010. The east industrial zone has an approach road, water sypply network, sewerage, electrical supply network, and within the east industrial zone there are four new zones formed (1,2,3,4). The zones within the east industrial zone are intended for greenfield investments, part of which is constructing infrastructural. Traffic road, water supply network, sewerage network, electrical supply network. The south industrial zone – Infrstructure is partly provided abd it is favourable for greenfield investments. The communal infrastructure provided is electrical supply etwork and water supply network. The General Plan foresees the construction of a railway terminal which is favourable for the creation of distribution centres.

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6.18.7 Capacity development costs and operation costs of industrial zones/parks

Costs to build capacities in the northern industrial zone are 43 €/m2 of Gross Developed Construction Area for building production facilities or 58,50 €/m2 for building office premises. Costs to build capacities in the “New Northern” are 34,20 €/ m2 for building production facilities or 47 € /m2 for office premise. The mixed industrial zone ”Bunibrodske Livade” – Costa of building are 34,20 €/m2 for building production facilities, or 47 €/m2 for building office premises. The east industrial zone - Costa of building are 43,20 € /m2 for building production facilities or 58,50 € /m2 for building office premises. The east New 1,2,3,4 - Costa of building are 34,20 €/m2 for building production facilities or 47 € /m2 for building office premises.

6.19 Other investment sites

Table 78. Other sites for investments No. Site name Ownership Size (m2) Purpose of land Other information Northern New industrial zone is located North from the centre of Leskovac, with current allocation 969.323 of agricultural 1 Northern New State owned Agricultural land land. Reallocation into construction land is in progress, as well as provision of communal infrastructure Communal infrastructure is complete in the Kosta Industrial 2 State owned 15.900 complex and Stamenkovic production connected to the city infrastructure network. Communal infrastructure is complete in the Crvena Industrial 3 State owned 43.800 complex and Zvezda production connected to the city infrastructure network.

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6.20 City incentives

Reducation in the amount of land lease The investor who is a lessor of production or office premises has the right to get reduction in the tendered amount of lease if he: - commits to employ more than 5 workers - submits a business plan - submits a statement of the number and dynamics of employment of workers - commits to deposit security funds to the amount of tendered lease

The right to reduce tendered amount of lease is acquired depending on the number of employed workers, and according to the price of the workplace, and that is:

1. From 5 to 20 employees - 1.500 points per employee, or per workplace 2. From 20 to 50 employees - 2.500 points per employee, or per workplace 3. From 51 to 200 employees - 5.000 points per employee or per workplace 4. Over 200 employees - 7.000 points per employee, or per workplace

Price of land with complete Zones Type of building EUR /m2 communal infrastructure Family Industry Office space (EUR / 100m2) residence I zone 7,35 34,1 45,75 3000 II zone 6,8 31,6 42,5 2500 III zone 6,3 29,2 39,2 2000 IV zone 5,75 26,8 35,95 1800 V zone 5,5 25,25 34,35 1300 VI zone 5,25 24,35 32,7 1000

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Tax reliefs and incentives 1. Income tax exemption in the period of 10 years for large investments; 2. Tax credit to 80% of investment into fixed assets; 3. Transfer of losses in the period of 10 years; 4. Accelerated amortization of fixed assets as expenditure in the tax balance of account; 5. Income tax exemption in the period of 5 years for concessions; 6. Reduction of tax basis for the account of income tax; 7. Exemption from paying contribution for social security for the employees younger than 30 and older than 45; 8. Import of equipment without paying customs duties within foreign investment;

1. Tax exemption Income tax exemption in the period of 10 years refers to the companies that invest in their fixed assets, i.e. in whose assets other companies invest more than 600 milion dinars, or around 7.5 milion euro and that in the period of investment they should employ full time at least 100 people. In the case of concession investment, the concession company is exempt from paying income tax for the period of 5 years, from the day the concession investment is contracted to be completed in total.

2. Tax credit Income tax can be reduced for 20% of investment into fixed assets during one year, while in some business activities (agriculture, fishery, yarn and textile production, garment production, leather goods production, primary metals, standard metal products, machines and devices, office machines and calculators, electrical machines and apparatuses, radio, TV and communication equipment , medical, precision and optical instruments, motor vehicles, sidecars and semi-sidecars and other means of transport, recycling and cinematography and video production) the reduction can be up to 80%. Income tax is reduced for 100% gross income of newly employed workers in the period of 2 years from the day of hiring, on condition that in that period the number of employees has not been reduced.

3. Transfer of losses Losses generated from business, financial and non-business transactions can be transferred on account of the income determined in the annual tax balance from the future accounting periods, not longer than 10 years.

4. Accelerated amortization Accelerated amortization which is regarded as expenditure in the tax balance account, per rates which can be up to 25% higher than the prescribed ones, can be applied for fixed assets which are used for:

• preventing air, water and soil pollution, noise reduction, energy savings, forestation, collecting and processing garbage as industrial raw materials or energy fuels; • scientific work and research; • education and training of staff Accelerated amortization refers to computer equipment as well.

5. Exemption from payin income tax for concessions In the case of concession investment the concessioner is exempt from paying tax on the income generated from the item of concession, to the period of 5 years from the day the concession investment is contracted to be completed in total.

6. Reduction of the income tax basis Basis for accounting income tax is reduced for a fixed part of 6.554 dinars, which is around 65€ a month. Expemption from paying income tax, in the case of employment of new people full time, is valid for the following periods: • 3 years: for interns younger than 30 and disabled people; • 2 years: for people younger than 30 and older than 45; • 1 year: for all people, regardless of age and other criteria. 67 67

7. EXEMPTION FROM PAYING CONTRIBUTIONS FOR SOCIAL SECURITY

Expemption from paying contribution for social security, in the case of employment of new workers full time, is valid for the following periods: • 3 years: for interns younger than 30 and disabled people; • 2 years: for people younger than 30 and older than 50 and people older than 45 (reduction is 80%).

8. Customs – free import of equipment

Import of equipment on the grounds of deposit of a foreign investor, except for passenger motor vehicles and machines for games of chance, is customs and duty free .

6.21 Taxes – local, regional and national

National taxes

Tax system of Serbia is characterized by low tax rates. Income tax is one of the most favourable in Europe, and value added tax and salary tax are less than in most countries of Western and Northern Europe.

Value added tax

Rate of value added tax is:

18% (general rate), 8% (special rate).

Income tax is payed at the rate of 10%. After-tax is payed at the rate of 20% on dividends, participation in profit in legal entitiy, copyrights and interests.

Income tax - Income tax rate is 12% for salaries, and 20% for other incomes. Other types of income are incomes generated from agriculture and forestry, independent business activities, copyrights and industrial proprietary rights, capital, fixed assets, then capital gains and other incomes. Annual income tax – The rate of annual income tax is 10%, or 15%, depending on the amount of annual income. For foreigners who have the status of residents, lower tax rate is accounted on income below 8 average annual salaries in Serbia, and higher rate on income which surpasses that amount.

Contributions for social security

Rates of contribution for social security are:

• retirement and disability insurance - 11%, • health insurance - 6,15%, • unemployment insurance – 0,75%.

Total sum of contributions for social security and salary tax are around 65% of net salary.

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6.22 Permitting process

Directions for getting building petmit

Information about location

Before the commencement of construction, you can get the information about the location on which you plan to build. The information about the location contains possibilities and limitations of building on the specified cadastral plot. The information about the location is issued by the Department for urban planning, construction, communal-housing matters, traffic and roads of the City of Leskovac, within 8 days from the day the request has been submitted.

Necessary documentation:

1. Request for issuing information about the location Competent body: Citizens Assistance Centre Leskovac, Trg revolucije 45,tel: 016/215-631, 215-614. Web: http://www.usluznicentar.com/index.php?id=33 Price: 200 RSD Account: 840-742221843-57 Price: 60 RSD Account: 840-742241843-03 2. Kopy of the plan of the plot Competent body: Service for cadastre of fixed assets,Babički odred br.1;tel :016/242-856 Web: http://www.rgz.gov.rs/sluba_detail.asp?SluzbaID=65&LanguageID=2 Price: 1.136 RSD Account: 840-742323843-92 Price: 460 RSD Account: 840-742221843-57

Objective 1. Information about the location Competent body: Citizens Assistance Centre Leskovac, Trg revolucije 45,tel: 016/215-631, 215-614 Price: 1.000 RSD Account: 840-742241843-03 With the information about the location you get all the data about what you can build with the planeed disposition on your plot.

Request for issuing Information about Request for issuing location information about the the location permit location

In case you submittes a Request is submitted at the Information about the location request for issuing information counter of the Citizens is not a necessary step for about the location, the next Assistance Centre of the City of getting building permit. step upon receiving the Leskovac. It is necessary to Information about the location information is submitting a submit a copy of the plan of contains data you need to request for issuing location the plot on which you plan to know what you can build on permit which is a necessary build. your plot. step in getting building permit.

REMARK: All the necessary information, requests and decisions can be submitted and picked up at the counter of the Citizens Assistance Centre of the City of Leskovac str.Trg revolucije 45, tel: 016/215-631.

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1. Location permit

Location permit is issued by the Department for urban planning, construction, communal-housing matters, traffic and roads of the City of Leskovac.Submitting requests and picking up permits is done on the counter of the Citizens Assistance Centre of the City of Leskovac. Location permit contains all the conditions and data necessary for the preparation of technical documentation for the building you wish to build. Deadline for issuing the decision about the location permit is 15 days from the day the request has been submitted.

Necessary documentation: 1. Request for issuing location permit Competent body: Citizens Assistance Centre Leskovac, Trg revolucije 45,tel: 016/215-631, 215-614. Web: http://www.usluznicentar.com/index.php?id=33 Price: 200 RAD Account: 840-742221843-57 Price: RSD Account: 840-742241843-03 2. Conceptual layout plan (with data about the planned disposition, type and function of the building, technical characteristics etc.) Competent body: Economic association or other legal entity registered for preparation of technical documentation. 3. Copy of the plan of the plot Competent body: Service for cadastre of fixed assets, Babički odred no.1; tel :016/242-856. Web: http://www.rgz.gov.rs/sluba_detail.asp?SluzbaID=65&LanguageID=2 Price: 1.136 RSD Account: 840-742323843-92 Price: 460 RSD Account: 840-742221843-57 4. Statement from the cadastre of fixed assets Competent body: Service for cadastre of fixed assets, Babički odred br.1; tel :016/242-856. Web: http://www.rgz.gov.rs/sluba_detail.asp?SluzbaID=65&LanguageID=2 Price: 1.136 RSD Account: 840-742323843-92 Price: 460 RSD Account: 840-742221843-57 5. Proof of ownership rights, or rights to lease construction land

Step 1 Decision about location permit Competent body: Citizens Assistance Centre Leskovac, Trg revolucije 45,tel: 016/215-631, 215-614. Price: Resident building Business facility To 100m² = 800 RSD To 100m² = 2.500 RSD 100-300m² = 1000 RSD 100-300m² = 3500 RSD Over 300m² = 5 RSD/m² Over 300m² = 10 RSD/m² Account: 840-742241843-03 REMARK: All the necessary information, requests and decisions can be submitted and picked up at the counter of the Citizens Assistance Centre of the City of leskovac str. Trg revolucije 45,tel: 016/215-631.

Decision about Location permit

Preparation of main design Technical control of the Request for issuing main design building permit

Technical control of the main design can

be carried out by the economic Request for getting building Main design can be prepared association or other legal entity which permit with other necessary by aconomic association or fulfilles conditios for the preparation of documentation can be submitted other legal entity registered in technical documentation and which is at the counter of the Citizens the approptiate register for the designated by the investor. preparation of technical Technical control of the main design Assistance Centre with other documentation. cannot be performed by the authorized documentation listed below.

design engineer who prepared the main design or who is employed in the economic association which prepared the designn.

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2. Building permit Building permit is a final document with which you can start building. Deadline for issuing building permit is 8 days from the day completed request has been submitted. Necessary documentation: 1. Request to issue building permit Competent body: Citizens Assistance Centre Leskovac, Trg revolucije 45,tel: 016/215-631, 215- 614. Web: http://www.usluznicentar.com/index.php?id=33 Price: 200din. Account: 840-742221843-57 Price: 60din. Account: 840-742241843-03 2. Location permit 3. Three copies of the main design 3a)Confirmation on the harmonization of the main design with the location permit Competent body: Department for urban planning, construction, communal-housing matters, traffic and roads of the City of Leskovac,Trg revolucije 45/6, tel: 016/212-774,251-964. Price: Resident buildings Business facilities To 100 m² = 500RSD To 100m² = 2.000RSD 100-300 m² = 600RSD 100-300m² = 3.000RSD Over 300 m² = 1.200RSD Over 300m² = 10RSD/m² Account: 840-742241843-03 4. Proof of ownership rights, or rights to lease construction land 5. Refund for arranging construction land Competent body: PC “Direkcija za urbanizam i izgradnji” , Trg revolucije 45, tel: 016/ 245-819. Price: Resident buildings Business facilities Production facilities P+1+Pk ›1.120 RSDm² 5.850 RSD /m²(with heating) 4.340 RSD /m² (with heating) P+3 ›1.720 RSD/m² 4.700 RSD/m² (without heating) 3.420 RSD/m² (without heating) larger than P+3 ›3.060 RSD /m² Account: 840-742241843-03 Step 2 Decision on building permit Competent body: Citizens Assistance Centre Leskovac, Trg revolucije 45,tel: 016/215-631, 215-614. Price: -25 RSD/m² (no matter the type of building), -1,20 RSD/m² (eco tax), -520 RSD (administrative tax). To the above price the amount for compliance of all the institutions which, on behalf of the investor, is acquired by the Directorate is added: - PC“Vodovod“=1120din. -PC“Toplana“=3200din. -ED Leskovac“=2100din., -Telekom Srbija“a.d.=3500-8000 RSD, Account: 840-742341843-24

Decision on building permit

Report on commencement Construction of Request to issue operating of construction building licence

Eight days before the commencement of works you Construction of buildings, i.e. performing workscan be carried out by Request for issuing operating are obliged to report licence is issued after the commencement of works to the an economi association, or other legal entity or entrepreneur, registered in building is complete, to the administration in charge. The Directorate that issued building report contains the date of the appropriate register for constructing buildings, i.e. for permit with the necessary commencement and deadline documentation listed in the performing works. for completion of works. point 3. The tax to be payed at the CAC counter for report is 260din.

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Necessary documentation during construction: 1. Confirmation of compatibility of the built foundation Deadline for issuing the above mentioned confirmation is 3 days from the day completed request has been submitted. Competent body: Department for urban planning, construction, communal-housing matters, traffic and roads of the City of Leskovac,Trg revolucije 45/6, tel: 016/212-774,251-964. Price: 1050 RSD Account: 840-742221843-57 Price: 1500 RSD. Account: 840-742241843-03 Necessary documentation for Confirmation of compatibility of the built foundation: - Request for issuing confirmation on compatibility of the built foundation, Competent body: Citizens Assistance Centre Leskovac, Trg revolucije 45,tel: 016/215-631, 215-614. Price: 200 RSD Account 840-742221843-57 Price: 60 RSD Account 840-742241843-03 -Geodetic curvey of the constructed foundation, Competent body: Authorised land surveyor Price: ≈8000 RSD -Notice of the investor on the completion od construction of foundation. 2. Geodetic survey of the building This survey is done after the completion of construction and it is necessary in order to determine whether the constructed building is in accord with the technical documentation, i.e. building permit. Competent body: Authorised land surveyor Price: ≈8000RSD 3. Request for performing technical inspection of the building Competent body: Department for urban planning, construction, communal-housing matters, traffic and roads of the City of Leskovac,Trg revolucije 45/6, tel: 016/212-774,251-964. Price: Technical inspection of the building is provided by the investor and they propose to the Directorate in charge the commission which forms the price of the technical inspection. 1. Operating licence Necessary documentation: 1. Request for issuing operating licence Competent body: Citizens Assistance Centre Leskovac, Trg revolucije 45,tel: 016/215-631, 215-614. Web: http://www.usluznicentar.com/index.php?id=33 Price: 200 RSD Account 840-742221843-57 Price: 60 RSD Account 840-742241843-03 2. Geodetic survey of the building –exists in the documentation 3. Main design or As-built design - exists in the documentation 4. Other evidence, opinions and confirmations In order to get operating licence certain compliances are necessary for connecting the building to communal infrastructure. Competent body: Price: PC“Vodovod“ ≈180.000 RSD PCP“Toplana“ =6547 RSD/1KW of the installed power, ED Leskovac“ =1690 RSD/1KW of the installed power, Fire protection compliance: under 150m²=7500 RSD 1000-5000m²=31.660 RSD 150-1000m²=15.830 RSD over 5000m²=60.000 RSD 5. Munites of the commission on technical acceptance of the building- exists in the documentation Step 3 Decision on the operating licence Competent body: Department for urban planning of the City of Leskovac,Trg revolucije 45/6, tel: 016/212-774,251-964. Price: Resident buildings Business facilities -5 RSD/m² -7 RSD/m² -520 RSD(administrativ tax) -520 RSD(administrativna tax) -1,20 RSD/m² (eco tax). -1,20 RSD/m² (eco tax). Account: 840-742241843-03

Decision on operating licence

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7 Labor

7.1 Number and structure of employed

Table 79. Number and structure of employed, 2007 Structure of Structure of employees in Structure of employees in Municipality the employees in the district municipality Serbia (%) (%) (%) Employees - Total 26914 100 100 100 Female 11,546 42.90 41.60 43.40 Male 15,368 57.10 58.40 56.60 Working in enterprises, institutions, cooperatives and organizations 20,733 77.03 74.27 71.56 Entrepreneurs, self-employed and workers employed by them 6,181 22.97 25.73 28.44 No. of employed by 1000 inhabitants 177 / 164 271 No. of employed in companies, institutions, cooperatives and organizations by 1000 inhabitants 136 / 122 194

7.2 Employment by sectors

Table 680. Structure of employed in enterprises, institutions, cooperatives and organizations, by sectors, 2009 Structure of Structure of Structure of employees in Municipality employees in employees in the municipality the district (%) Serbia (%) (%) Employees - Total 23622 100 100 100 Female 8354 35.37 33.93 33.26 Male 15268 64.63 66.07 66.74 Agriculture, hunting, forestry and water management 295 1.25 1.65 2.39 Fishery 0 0.00 0.00 0.05 Mining 0 0.00 0.21 1.18 73 73

Processing industry 4651 19.69 18.29 17.97 Energy production, gas and water 704 2.98 2.87 2.43 Construction 780 3.30 3.54 4.18 Wholesale, retail, and vehicle sale and repair 1963 8.31 7.22 10.22 Hotels and restaurants 143 0.61 0.91 1.19 Transport, storage and connections 1074 4.55 3.67 5.65 Financial activities 174 0.74 0.57 1.94 Real estate operations, leasing 259 1.10 0.88 4.22 Public administration 1409 5.96 6.19 3.77 Education 2764 11.70 12.31 7.14 Health care and social protection 3001 12.70 11.69 8.60 Other collective, public and personal services 970 4.11 3.61 3.02

7.3 Average wages

Table 691. Average wage per employee, February 2008 Municipality District (€) Serbia (€) (€)* Average gross wage (with taxes and contributions) 389 372 498 Average net wage (without taxes and contributions) 279 267 358 * Medium exchange rate NBS on february 2008

Table 81. Comparative average wage, breakdown by years 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2002 2003 (€)** (€)** (€)*** (€)**** (€)***** (€)* (€)** * ** ** ** ** Municipal average gross wage 168 191 193 199 257 343 407 District average gross wage 151 169 171 178 237 325 383 National average gross wage 219 255 283 308 377 484 516 Municipal average net wage 116 132 132 136 175 246 291 District average net wage 105 117 117 121 161 233 274 National average net wage 152 177 194 210 258 347 370 * Medium exchange rate NBS in 2002 ** Medium exchange rate NBS in 2003 *** Medium exchange rate NBS in 2004 **** Medium exchange rate NBS in 2005 ***** Medium exchange rate NBS in 2006 ****** Medium exchange rate NBS in 2007

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******* Medium exchange rate NBS in 2008

7.4 Wages by sectors

Table 703. Average untaxed wage by sectors, 2007 Municipality District (€) Serbia (€) (€)* Average net wage - Total 245 233 347 Agriculture, hunting, forestry and water management 121 92 266 Fishery / / 195 Mining / 151 435 Processing industry 175 368 276 Energy production, gas and water 382 123 473 Construction 117 169 311 Wholesale, retail, and vehicle sale and repair 187 102 312 Hotels and restaurants 50 214 233 Transport, storage and connections 213 521 373 Financial activities 525 486 737 Real estate operations, leasing 486 346 424 Public administration 353 312 426 Education 313 368 360 Health care and social protection 358 215 383 Other collective, public and personal services 219 219 346 * Medium exchange rate NBS in 2006

7.5 Employment

Table 714. Free jobs, 2008 Share in the District Municipality Share in Serbia (%) (%) Free jobs - Total 8,660 70.13 1.10 Number 4,311 68.55 1.42 Full time jobs % 49.78 / / Number 4,349 71.78 0.89 Short-term jobs % 50.22 / /

Table 725. Employment structure, 2008 Share in the District Municipality Share in Serbia (%) (%) Employment - Total 8,250 71.29 1.12 Employment - Number 3,751 73.12 1.09 female % 45.47 / / Employment - Number 4,499 69.84 1.14 male % 54.53 / / Number 4,049 69.23 1.44 Full time jobs % 49.08 / / Number 4,201 73.41 0.92 Short-term jobs % 50.92 / /

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7.6 Unemployment

Table 736. Unemployment structure gender, December 2008 Share in the Share in Serbia Municipality District (%) (%) Unemployed - Total 20,042 56.98 2.75 Number 10,270 57.57 2.62 Unemployed - Female % 51.24 / / Number 9,772 56.36 2.92 Unemployed - Male % 48.76 / / Seeking for job - Total 23,621 60.90 23,621 Number 12,493 62.20 2.87 Seeking for job - Female % 52.89 / / Number 11,128 59.50 3.11 Seeking for job - Male % 47.11 / / % 84.85 / / Share in total job seekers % 82.21 / / (%) % 87.81 / /

Table 747. Number of unemployed by age, breakdown by years 2000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Unemployed - Total 20574 20591 20554 20623 20466 20727 Unemployed - Female 10780 10790 10766 10804 10694 10812 Unemployed - Male 9794 9801 9788 9819 9772 9915

7.7 Unemployment rate

Table 88. Unemployment rate, 2007 Municipality District Serbia Unemployment rate - Total 45.90 51.23 27.81 Unemployment rate - female 48.87 54.89 31.92 Unemployment rate - male 43.15 47.94 24.16

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7.8 Unemployment by education level

Table 89. Unemployed by level of education, decembar 2009 Share in total number of Municipality unemployed (%) TOTAL 20922 100 Without primary education 1049 5.01 Primary education 4483 21.43 Secondary education 13702 65.49 Associate degree 951 4.55 University degree 729 3.48 Post graduate studies 8 0.04

7.9 Unemployment by length of unemployment

Table 750. Unemployed by years of waiting for job, 2009 Share in total number of Municipality unemployed (%) TOTAL 20922 100 First job 8972 42.88 up to 1 year 7388 35.31 1 - 2 years 4939 23.61 2 - 3 years 1954 9.34 3 - 5 years a 2351 11.24 5 - 8 years 1619 7.74 8 - 10 years a 728 3.48 over 10 years 1943 9.29

7.10 Unemployment by age structure Table 761. Unemployed by age, 2009 Share in total number of Age Municipality unemployed (%) TOTAL 20922 100 - 18 642 3.07 19 - 25 2544 12.16 25 - 30 2701 12.91 30 - 40 5326 25.46 40 - 50 5177 24.74 over 50 4532 21.66

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8 Public resources

8.1 Traffic infrastructure

Leskovac is a real traffic knot. International trains that travel from Europe to Skoplje, Thessalonica and Athens go through this city. 19 trains stop in Leskovac on daily basis. The railroad was introduced in Leskovac in 1886. The Leskovac valley is all in roads. The most important road is E 75 which connects Hungarian with Macedonian border. Regional roads to Pristina, Pirot and Bosilegrad go through Leskovac.

Leskovac is 45 km away from Nis; 280km from Belgrade, 155km from Sofia, and 160 kilometars from Skoplje.There is an airport in each of these cities, enabling guests visiting Leskovac to fly to and from it. Road network of Leskovac municipality consists of 614 km of categorized roads. This presents a significant increase in comparison with previous years, but this largely refers to local roads. Sections of two motorways run through the territory of Leskovac municipality (M-1 i M-9) with the total length of 64 km. The motorways are asphalted, while one section of the M-1 motorway has been modernized in the previous five-year period.

From the total length of the regional network, 68 % is under a modern roadway, and 38, 3% of the local network is under a modern roadway.

92. The road structure

Asphalted Category Length Asphalted roads (%) roads

Magistral 64 64 100 Regional 153 104 68 Local 397 152 38.3 In total 614 320 52.1

1000

614 500 397 320 100% 153 68% 152 64 64 104 38% 52% 0 Main Regional Local Total

Line modern carriage drive % with modern carriage drive

8.1.1 Road infrastructure From the 153 km of regional network, 30 km is still under road metal, 14 km are earth roads, and 5 km have still not been cut through and opened. A railroad Belgrade-Nis-Skoplje-Athens passes through the territory of Leskovac municipality. The number of passengers and the weight of the

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uploaded goods show that Leskovac still does not use, in the sufficient manner, the advantages of its involvement in the railroad system of our county, especially in terms of transports of goods, and the Leskovac industrial zone is not directly linked in the railroad network with the adequate number of industrial platforms.

Table 773. Length of roads, 2007 Share in total Municipality (km) length of roads in District (km) the district (%) Length of roads - Total 616 34.28 1,797 Asphalted roads 378 42.62 887 Total 66 43.14 153 Hi-way Asphalted roads 66 43.14 153 Regional Total 153 36.60 418 roads Asphalted roads 108 34.29 315 Total 397 32.38 1,226 Local roads Asphalted roads 204 48.69 419

8.1.2 Rail transportation and infrastructure

Railroad infrastructure was severely damaged throughout the bombing of Serbia in 1999.All serious damages have been repaired. The railroad has two lines from Belgrade to Leskovac, and only one line further south. The railroad schedule is not particularly burdened and travel from Leskovac to Belgrade lasts for about 5 hours. This is longer than traveling by a business bus to Belgrade. The state of railroad network in the entire country is in a really bad state and this then also includes this part of the country. The railroad Budapest-Belgrade-Nis-Skoplje-Athens goes through the territory of Leskovac municipality. The number of passengers and the weight of the uploaded goods show that Leskovac still does not use, in the sufficient manner, the advantages of its involvement in the railroad system of our county, especially in terms of transports of goods, and the Leskovac industrial zone is not directly linked with the railroad network with the adequate number of industrial platforms. The increase of capacities of the existent industrial platforms as to addressing of the recognized problems and weaknesses will be one of the most important tasks in the forthcoming period. Table 784. Turnover of goods and passengers in rail transport, 2005 Municipal share in total Municipality District in the district (%) Number of railway stations 1 16.67 6 Number of passengers 30,513 75.26 40,541 Number of cargo units 16,794 100.00 16,794

8.2 Utility infrastructure

Arrangement of city area-by the development of the new General urban plan, the city of Leskovac has come to a spatial direction until 2010. New and spacious areas for all types of production engaged capital in the industrial zone are planned and they could be activated anytime in accordance with the set regulation plans. In the very centre of Leskovac, in the marker zone of the city, apart from the existent already built business-trade and service centres, a couple of new ones, in blocks, are in the process of preparation („Kozara“, Dezert 2“, „Bagat“and „Stara leskovačka čaršija“, of the total area of over 87.000m2, of which more than 50.000m2 are new areas to be used and are market- aimed). In the very centre, on only two most favorable locations, over 11.000m2 of gross area are available, of which 7% have already been constructed. Amendments and additions to the GUP enable planning of new areas according to the current needs on other locations of bigger as well of smaller level of 79 79

construction. By the way, during the development of the spatial plan of the Republic of Serbia, the municipality of Leskovac has been characterized as a municipality in the zone of medium burdened area, regardless of its high level of industrialization.

8.2.1 Water and sewage

There are five public water supply systems in Leskovac municipality,one joint for Leskovac and several smaller settlements, one is intermunicipal for Grdelica and three are local ones for Vucje, Cukljenik and Predejane, all of which are of the total lenght of the main feed of 87km, 480 km of water supply network, with almost 23250 connectors while the lenght of the sewage network is 125km. Twelve smaller accumulations have been created on the territory of Leskovac municipality, of which 6 are intended for irrigation and 6 for the preparation of solutions for the chemical spread to the vineyards. The city area is characterized by a strong erosion, erosive processes and production of drifts.Certain areas, especially the right bank of the south Morava river and especially the Grdelica canyon, are characterized by erozion of a high intensity.

8.2.2 District heating

With the total lenght of district heating of 8 km, the city of Leskovac has partly met its needs for this efficient method of heating. Approximately 3100 apartments have been connected to this heating system of the total area of 168.040 m2 and business premises of 68 000 m2.

8.2.3 Power infrastructure

Apart from the basic energetic stronghold on the trafo-station TS 220/110 KV „Leskovac“with two trafo stations TS 110/10KV in Leskovac and one TS 110/35KV, the consumer is qualitatively and reliably provided with electricity. By the use of direct transformation 110/10KV in the city part, the need to build inter-transformation 35/10KV has been reduced. The medium voltage network capacity with its location and technical state still does not meet the needs of the economy and the population.

8.2.4 Tele-communication systems

The number of telephone connectors of 39494 leads to the number of 16,4 telephones per 100 inhabitants (or vice versa: one connector per 6.1 inhabitant) which is 24% less than in the Republic of Serbia in total where there are 21,6 telephones per 100 inhabitants (or, one connector per 4,9 inhabitants which is two times less than in countries with a well developed telephone network). The telephone network of the city is supported by 14 main telephone exchanges,out of which 7 are modern automatic ones are 1500 km of the total telephone network of which 20 % with an underground cable. The role of motorways in the information system is played by electronic networks in terms of PTT lines, network cables, wireless routers. The strenghtening of cooperatopm among institutions and companies could be achieved through their networking.Only one big company in Leskovac has done a complete network, while this process has been started in one public institution and in the municipal administration. Electronic business dealings have only started to develop.

Table 795. Postal services, 2007 Municipality Share in the district (%) Number of post offices 17 54.84 Number of registered users 39,712 70.82 Postal letters 901 67.09 turnover packages 8 57.14

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8.3 Energy

Table 806. Energy use, 2007 Municipality Electricity (MWh) / - out of which households 50.293 - out of which companies 5.642 Rated capacity 80% Price (RSD/kWh) 6,30 Gas (1,000 m3) / Rated capacity / Price / Drinking water (1,000 m3) / Rated capacity 60% Price (RSD/m3) 50,26 Heating (RSD/m2) / - out of which households 189.459 m2 - out of which companies 84.191 m2 Rated capacity 85-90% Price (RSD/m2) 33 - 150

8.4 Health care and social welfare

Table 817. Health care capacities, 2007 Number of beds per Number of beds Share in total beds (%) 100 inhabitants Acute 665 1750.00 4.3 Chronic 70 184.21 0.4 Psychiatric 60 157.89 0.4 Social 60 157.89 0.4 TOTAL 38 100 0.2

Table 828. Investments in health care and social welfare, 2007 Municipality (€)* Expenditures (investments) – health care and social protection 32,175,294 * Medium exchange rate NBS in 2006

Table 99. Physicians, dentists and pharmacists in health care, 2007 Share in total number of Municipality physicians (%) Physicians – Total 470 100 Physicians – general medicine 97 20.64 Physicians – on specialization 26 5.53 Physicians – specialists 347 73.83 Dentists 72 / Pharmacists 39 / Number of citizens per one physician in the municipality 323 / Number of citizens per one physician in the district 392 / Number of citizens per one physician in Serbia 368 /

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Table 830. Users of social welfare – minors, 2007 Municipality Share in total users (%) Total 1,428 100 Family problems 1,123 78.64 Children with learning difficulties 140 9.80 Children with mental difficulties 61 4.27 Children with disability 50 3.50 Children with multiple problems 32 2.24 Other juvenile users of social protection 22 1.54

Table 841. Users of social welfare – adults, 2007 Share in total number of Municipality users (%) Total 2,163 100 Persons with difficulties in behavior 7 0.32 Persons with physical and mental disability 552 25.52 Persons without income 1,098 50.76 Persons without family care 15 0.69 Old persons 363 16.78 Other adult users of social protection 128 5.92

8.5 Education facilities

Table 852. Capacity of education institutions, broken by years Number of Number of institutions Number of students education profiles Pre-school institutions 1 / Primary schools 24 / 12905 Secondary schools 12 36 6335 Higher schools (up to 2 yrs) 2 8 495 Faculties 1 7 324

Table 863. Investments in education, 2007 Municipality District (€) Serbia (€) (€)* Expenditures (investments) in education - Total 20,526,844 30,164,316 1,323,648,875 Expenditures (investments) in primary education 10,609,815 17,619,792 643,369,417 Expenditures (investments) in primary education per pupil 805 875 1,047 * Medium exchange rate NBS in 2006

Table 874. Number and structure of education institutions, 2006 Share in total institutions in Municipality the district (%) Total 88 44.44 Primary schools classes 633 59.27 Total 11 57.89 Secondary schools classes 258 70.30 Total 2 40.00 Specialized schools classes 24 82.76 Total 4 100.00 Schools for adults classes 15 100.00 Higher schools 2 100.00

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Faculties 1 100.00 Institutions for pre-school children 53 58.24 Students in boarding schools 1 100.00 Pupils in boarding schools 1 50.00

Table 885. Number of pupils, students and users of education institutions, 2007 Share u total number of Municipality pupils/students/users in the district (%) Total 13,212 65.05 Primary schools - pupils Finished school 1,682 65.37 Secondary schools - Total 6,747 71.44 pupils Finished school 1,975 77.76 Total 167 86.08 Special schools - pupils Finished school 24 100.00 Total 239 100.00 Schools for adults - Total Finished school 40 100.00 Total 1,574 100.00 Scholarship from Higher schools - students the budget 389 100.00 Finished school 491 100.00 Total 426 100.00 Scholarship from Faculties - students the budget 374 100.00 Finished school 29 100.00 Pupils and Students - Total 22,365 69.48 Pre-school institutions Juvenile users 2,650 63.55 Boarding schools for Users students 143 100.00 Boarding schools for Users pupils 98 65.77

Table 896. Average number of pupils, students and residents in education institutions, 2007 Municipality District Serbia Number of pupils per primary school 150.1 102.6 174.5 Number of pupils per in primary school class 20.9 19.0 20.6 Number of pupils per secondary school 613.4 497.1 593.6 Number of pupils per secondary school class 26.2 25.7 26.1 Number of pupils per specialized school 83.5 38.8 31.7 Number of pupils per specialized school class 7.0 6.7 6.4 Number of pupils per school for adults 59.8 59.8 144.5 Number of pupils per class in school for adults 15.9 15.9 14.5 Number of students per higher school 787.0 787.0 921.4 Number of graduate students per higher school 245.5 245.5 122.2 Number of students per faculty 426.0 426.0 1,382.6 Number of graduate students per faculty 29.0 29.0 165.5 Number of juvenile users per pre-school 50.0 45.8 82.5 institution Number of users per boarding school for 143.0 143.0 462.7 students Number of users per boarding school for 98.0 74.5 151.7 students

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Table 907. Number of pupils in primary schools, 2008 Share u total number of pupils Municipality in primary schools in the district (%) Total 12,799 19,500 Primary school Female pupils 6,103 9,381 pupils Male pupils 6,696 10,119

9 Environment

9.1 Air quality (pollution) Emission is the release of gases, steam, aerosols and other pollutants into the air from sources of pollution. Sources of air pollution: furnaces in the households, boiler-rooms and heating plants, manufacturing plants, motor vehicles, natural phenomena. The main sources of pollutants of the City of Leskovac are: - fossil fuels furnaces and - motor vehicles. Most of the large solid and liquid fuel furnaces (heating plants and boiler rooms) are located in the city of Leskovac, about 83%. Location of the furnaces in relation to the dominant wind direction is unfavorable - winds blow from the emitter towards the residential areas of the city. Transport is one of the main causes of air pollution of major settlements. Of all the pollutants that are characteristic for analysing the impact of traffic on air quality (carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, formaldehyde, lead and total hydrocarbons) in Leskovac only the concentrations of lead and nitrogen dioxide are monitored. Immission is concentration of gases, steam, aerosols and other pollutants in the air at a certain place and certain time and it shows the air quality of certain area. Testing of air pollution in Leskovac was first performed in the period from 01/02/1975 to 31/01/1976. After this one-year testing, there was a break until 1994 when again continuous monitoring of air quality in Leskovac began. Continuous measurement included only the territory of the City Leskovac, where the largest number of air pollutants is located. Institute for Public Health in Leskovac performs continuous and systematic monitoring of air quality in the city, but due to lack of funds in the 2009 measurements were not done. City Environmental Protection Department envisaged by its programme making the local registry of sources of air pollution in the territory of Leskovac and the increased number of measurement points and parameters for monitoring air quality.

9.2 Soil quality The area of Leskovac region has long been known as a true mosaic of soil types, formed under the influence of specific pedogenetic factors, which has a great effect on the layout, production characteristics and potential value of soil. Years of soil testing in the laboratory of the “Institute for Agriculture Leskovac" from Leskovac, have shown that in comparison to twenty years ago the pH value of the soil has been reduced for 0.2 to 0.3 units, on the one hand, while on the other hand, there was a reduction of percentage of humus in the soil, as well as reduction of concentration of phosphorus and potassium - which indicates that there was a deterioration of soil quality. Program of soil pollution in the territory of Leskovac City can and must focus on the following areas: - testing soil contamination in zones of sanitary protection of Leskovac water supply system and - testing soil contamination near the major roads.

City Environmental Protection Department has envisaged by its programme making the local cadastre of potential soil polluters - agricultural areas, urban cores and the water source area.

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9.3 Water quality

With his activities and attitude towards the environment, man influences the quality and use value of water. Water, by its prevalence, spreading and mobility, requires local, regional and wider protection policy.

Water supply source – ground waters and the accumulation lake “Barje” Current condition The concept of long-term water supply on the territory of the Municipality of Leskovac is reflected in meeting the needs for water by exploiting the capacities of the underground aquifer – now watersource, and by accumulating the surface waters of the Veternica river (the accumulation lake and dam "Barje"). The water supply system "Barje" covers territory of the Municipality of Leskovac with 144 settlements and around 150,000 inhabitants in total, with total quantity of high quality water of 820 lit/sek in 2010. Total quantity of water available from the accumulation lake “Barje” (Q=820 lit/sek) and from the underground aquifer (Q=500 lit/sek) is Q=1,320 lit/sek. Current supplying of the inhabitants with drinking water is done from the underground watersource, in several ways: - from central watersupply systems; - from group watersupply systems and - from private watersources and public drinking fountains (rural watersupply systems). The watersupply system from the accumulation lake "Barje" are divided in two interdependent and connected parts: - from the accumulation lake to Leskovca, and - from Leskovca towards other settlements in the municipality. This sub-system includes the distribution network of the City of Leskovac, too.

Within the water supply system of the accumulation lake "Barje", all the facilities have been built (water intake, water treatment plant, pumping stations, water main, reservoir and, at the beginning of this year, the trial operation of the regional water supply system "Barje".

Several organizations are involved in monitoring the potable water quality, with the aim of analyzing health and hygienic quality of water. Main research institutions are the Institute for public health in Leskovac, PUC “Vodovod”-Leskovac, which distributes potable water, as well as the Institute for public health “Dr Milan Jovanović – Batut“- Belgrade.

Water protection condition Business facilities and great majority of households in the municipality have ensured supply of running potable water, and only Leskovac, Vucje, Grdelica and Predejane (out of totally 144 settlements in the municipality) have central collection systems for waste water collection and discharge. Around 40% of the city (inhabitants) is covered by the central waste water collection and discharge system. Waste water from other polluters is discharged into: cesspits, watercourses, surface water collection conduits. Water, used in different ways, form the city areas with closed sewerage network, is being discharged into the river Veternica without treatment. After reception of the collected waters and before the Veternica infuses into the river Južna Morava, it flows through the settlement of Bogojevce.

Protection measures The European Union (EU) has approved to Leskovac the project of Central waste water treatment plant construction. Project value is €28 million, and the European Union, through the Agency for local self-governments infrastructure development support, will fund for 70% of the project value and the local self-government for 30%. The location of the Central waste water treatment plant is in the village of Bogojevac, before the river mouth of Veternica where it meets the river Južna Morava, and the construction should start in the beginning of this year. In order to protect the waste and surface water, 3 priority degrees of protection are established: high, medium and low. The City Directorate of Environmental Protection has envisaged by its programme preparation of the register of potential ground and surface water polluters, and ground waters quality monitoring programme. 85 85

9.4 Solid waste management Municipal waste collection is organized in the city of Leskovac and certain settlements in the territory of the City. For the collection and disposal of solid municipal waste in the territory of Laskovac and Jablanicki districts, the "PWW" DOO Leskovac is in charge, formed by the Austrian company "PWW" and the City of Leskovac, as a public-private partnership. By forming this company, organized driving and collection of solid waste is greatly improved. Municipal waste is transported by special vehicles and disposed to the regional sanitary landfill Zeljkovac. Sanitary landfill "Zeljkovac", managed by "PWW" DOO Leskovac, is a part of the National Waste Management Strategy, which stipulates building of 29 regional landfills, 44 gathering stations and 17 recycling centers in the Republic of Serbia. Location for municipal waste disposal is in Bunibrodska valley, about 7.5 km away from the center of Leskovac. The sanitary landfill is built according to the highest environmental standards, and covers an area up to 80 hectares, with a protective belt area of 30 to 40 hectares. In the second phase, construction of a recycling center, composting area and modern asylum for dogs is planned. The Ministry of Environment and Spatial Planning recognized the low waste management level as one of the biggest environmental problems in Serbia. Problems arise as a result of underdeveloped infrastructure, but also of bad habits and lack of concern for the environment. In accordance with the National Waste Management Strategy and the Law on Waste Management, the city of Leskovac is obliged to draft Local waste management plan and, in cooperation with other municipalities of Jablanicki district, Regional waste management plan. The plans would lead to the progressive advancement in the field of solid waste management services and equipment, institutional strengthening of municipalities in the Jablanicki district for the establishment of systems and waste management, raising public awareness on regional waste management, promoting a regional approach to waste management in Serbia and finally to convergence of national practices and procedures to international standards and practices.

Barje

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10 Travel Leskovac ravine, surrounded with mountains, monasteries older than five centuries, canyon of the river Vucjanka, Sijarinska spa, archeological location , Skobaljic town near Vucje, Brnjica cultural group in basin of South Morava river, Ethno-archeological park on the hill Hisar, Gradac near Zlokucane, Necropolis in Mala Kopasnica, and Vlasina lake, could be very attractive touristic destination of the South of Serbia. Unfortunately, usage of that potentials is used very small mainly because of bad marketing, which is shown with very small number of turists visiting Leskovac. Radan Mountain is located west of Lebane and belongs to the Rhodope Mountains with the highest peak of Sopot, 1409 m above sea level. Its geological basis is made of silicate rocks from the Paleozoic crystal schists. It is surrounded by a range of mountains that make Pasjaca, Vidojevic, Rgajska Mountain and Sokolovic, which protect from cold and wet currents from northern and western sides. On the east and south, it opens in Pustorecka valley and that side is exposed to strong solar heating, which results in warmer and milder climate. It produced a kind of phenomenon, because the so called oak vegetation belt with the classic 700 m has risen to 800 m - 900 m above sea level. Thanks to the warmer climate of the Radan Mountain, several endemic and rare plant species have survived, among which the most important are remains of the forests from the Tertiary period. It belongs to tame mountains and is suitable for skiing. Kukavica is a mountain settled on the south of Leskovac. Highest point is Vlajna on the 1442m above the sea. By the position of highest points, and with Golema river, mountain is devided on two parts – northern without settlements and southern where villages occure. Kukavica is border zone for a long time and very important military position. Nowdays, on the top of the Vlajna, there is a meteorological station and military facilities, but from former roman and tukish settlements almost nothing left. Vucje Hydropower plant is a derivative type of plant with water intake, water chamber, derivative channel and pipeline. Construction of the plant began by constructing a channel in 1902-1903, which brings the water above the plant. The channel itself is a curiosity. It is about 1000 meters long, with an average width and depth of 1 meter. On one side it is carved into the rock, and on the other a supporting wall was built. The natural beauty is not violated by the construction of the channel, moreover from its rim, there a beautiful view of the waterfalls, rock cliffs and the river canyon of the river Vucjanka. Most other parts of the power plant complex were built during the 1903. The oldest electric transmission line in Serbia, 17 kilometers long, connected hydropower plant and the city of Leskovac, with which the owners of the plant had a contract on lighting. In the year when Henry Ford founded his car factory, Wright brothers achieved the first successful flight in the history of mankind, and when electricity was considered a relatively new phenomenon, through the copper wires of the electric transmission line Vucje-Leskovac, the first electric current came on 24th December 1903.

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30 km away from Leskovac, on the hill towards Radan Mountain, there is an arranged archaeological site Caričin grad (Justiniana Prima), from the sixth century AD, which is considered the birthplace of the Roman Emperor Justinian I. The town consists of three architectural units, which are surrounded by ramparts. In the highest part, there is an acropolis, which was used by the Archbishopric. It is the largest church of the Caričin grad - an Episcopal basilica and palace where the seat of the Archbishop was located, the baptistery and, it is assumed, a school for training believers. Upper Town is spread around the Acropolis. It is divided by two streets into four districts. At the place where the streets intersect, there is a circular square. The central points of the quarters were the churches. Along the streets, there were craft and trade shops, public buildings and residential houses. Lower Town extends on the south from the Upper Town, on the lowest terrace. In the Lower Town, sacral buildings, public facilities and a residential quarter have been discovered so far. Skobaljić grad (Skobaljic town) is located at the top of the rocky ridge of Kukavica mountain, on the left bank of the river Vucjanka canyon, 18 km from Leskovac. It was declared a cultural heritage in 1986.The town consists of the Upper Town, Lower Town and the suburb, which stretches on the eastern side. It covers an area of 2 ha. The most powerful walls are on the western side and there is a defensive trench on the north. Upper Town is square-shaped, about 400 square meters big and powerful cultural remains are saved. Two towers are placed diagonally. The smaller tower is located next to the gate that leads into the Lower Town, and the bigger - Donzon Tower is located in the south-western part and its walls are preserved up to the ground floor. In this area, the fragments of pottery from the period of III-I century BC were found in the demolition layer of the wall built of stone and mud. The layer was dated by the Republican denar from the 100th BC. These are the remains of the fortress from the Pre-Roman times. The younger phase of fortification dates from the early Byzantine times, from the VI century. The pieces of the rampart built of stone and mortar are preserved. This rampart is damaged – intersected by the rampart from the end of the XIV and the first half of the XV century. The Lower City with the suburb of 1400m2 extends on the east from the Upper City and follows the terrain configuration. On the east side, the remains of the tower were discovered, which was built in mixed technique of brick and stone and belongs to the early Byzantine period. Spomen Park represent memorial complex on the eastern side of Hisar hill established 1971. Archeological site on the Hisar hill is located in the very heart of leskovac, at the place 24 ha. It is an ethno – archeology complex, one of the most important in Europe. There is a road from park 9 Jugovica to the top of Hisar, along which there are benches and at few places archeology probes can be seen where very important diggings were found. It is asserted that there are few layers with highly impotrant discoveries from time, middle age and later period. Discoveries show the traces of so called Brnjica culture which dates from the 13th to 10th century AD. One of the most important discoveries on Hisar is the iron needle made from the pure, non-rusty iron. The piece is compact without any additions and represents an epochal discovery. 88 88

Traces of frescoes were also found on Hisar from 12th and 13th century. The walls with Romans brick traces were discovered, and of special value is the diptych made of ivory with the buckle. The newest discovery is the silver buckle.

Gradac near Zlokucane Near the village Zlokucane there is a natural hill Gradac where archeology digging was done 1909. The material found here is part of the winch-pavement phases (younger Neolithic) with loads of elements from the early . Individual rare Latin names show short and temporary stay of at that place, probably in the time of their invasion on Greece.

Necropolis in Mala kopasnica On the way Leskovac – Grdelica, in the village Mala Kopasnica, the Roman necropolis was found with graves of burnt people. The necropolis was part of the settlement which existed in the 2nd and first years othe 3rd century. Luxurious graves show how rich the settlement was. It was obligatory to put the gifts in the graves: bronze coins, ceramics dishes, gold jewelry from glass pasta, arms and tools. Gold jewelry shows developed apprenticeship of this place in the times of . This settlement is thought to have been destroyed in the 6th century according to the earliest graves. U selu Strojkovce blizu Leskovca se nalazi prvi muzej tekstila koji je smešten u jednoj staroj vodenici,dok se u samom centru grada nalazi nekoliko kuća koje su pod zaštitom države i čiji je životni vek duži od 120 godina. To su Šop-Đokićeva kuća, kuća Bore Dimitrijevića-Piksle, Tonkićeva palata... In the town center, there are several houses that are under protection of the state, and which life expectancy is longer than 120 years. These are Sop-Djokic’s house, Bora Dimitrijević-Piksla’s house, Tonkić’s Palace, etc.

Bora Dimitrijević – Piksla’s House This one-floor building in the Balkan style was built in the nineteenth century. The facade has two bay windows on the consoles towards the street and, towards the courtyard, the indoor porch with the entrance in front of it. In the ground floor, besides the antechamber, there are two rooms and a cellar. The porch on the first floor is few stairs higher than the hallway floor. The first floor has three large and one smaller room. The roof is interesting, with wavy eaves. Sop-Djokic’s house is 120 years old. This is a one-floor building with a balcony over the entrance, which is located above the porch. The ground floor of the building is almost withot windows, with the basement occupying half of the space. Thr first floor of the house was well decorated with engraved ceiling in the largest room. The building was renovated and enlarged in the same style in 1980.

All this represents a real treasure of southern Serbia and Leskovac as its administrative center, and presents Leskovac as potentially touristically developed city in the future period.

10.1 Number of visitors

Table 918. Number and structure of tourists and overnight stays, 2006 Municipality District Serbia Total 12,863 21,262 2,306,558 Number of Local 7,861 16,135 1,610,513 tourists Foreign 5,002 5,127 696,045 Number of Total 22,635 94,113 7,328,692 overnight Local 15,968 86,878 5,853,017 stays Foreign 6,667 7,235 1,475,675 Average Total 1.76 4.43 3.18 number of Local 2.00 5.40 3.60 overnight stays Foreign 1.30 1.10 2.10 89 89

10.2 Hotel capacities

Table 9209. Hotel capacities, 2009 Destination Number of hotels Number of beds Utilization rate (%) Vila”Mitić” 1 40 51 Hotel “Hajat S” 1 129 67 Garni hotel “Đermanović” 1 25 78 Pansion restoran “Park” 1 40 34 Pansion restoran “Groš” 2 140 55 Pansion “ Perla” 1 16 50 Hotel “Vlaina” 1 62 39 Motel “Pobeda”- Predejane 1 88 28.5 UKUPNO 9 540 -

Garni hotel “Đermanović“ Pansion restoran “Groš” Hotel “Hajat S”

Pansion “Perla” Motel ” Pobeda”-Predejane Pansion restoran “Park”

Vila “Mitić“ Hotel „Vlaina“

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11 Quality of life

11.1 Public capacities and recreation programs

11.1.1 Sports capacities (play courts, recreation centers, stadiums) Leskovac has long and rich sports tradition. Before World War I the sports activities were held in shooting sports and through the work of Gymnastics Association Dušan Silni, and on the eve of the World War I, precisely in 1914 the first football was brought to Leskovac. Currenly in Leskovac on the territory of the inner city center there are five male and one female football team, while the city within its administrative borders has totally 35 male and one female football team. The football of Leskovac has three stadiums: The City Stadium which hosts Dubočica FC and stadiums in Vučje and Grdelica. The most of football clubs from the territory of the City of Leskovac has its own football ground.

In the last ten years the basketball took precedence in sports of Leskovac thanks to the investments of the Company Zdravlje. The Volleyball Club Dubočica is the member of Eastern group of the second league, and the WVC Leskovac (Women Volleyball Club) plays in the same rank. In Athletics, for a long period the best representative was Dobrivoje Stojanović. Now, the best representatives are race walkers Vladimir Savanović and young and perspective brothers Duraković. Apart from Dubočica there is one more athletics club in the city, CAC Leskovac (City Athletics Club).

Sports and Recreation Center Dubočica offers to its users the big sports hall (capacity over 3600 seats), small sports hall and the Olympic pool. In Leskovac there are more chess clubs, equestrian club with one of the best trotting paths in Serbia, two weight lift clubs, swimming, water-polo and tennis club.

Martial Arts clubs (Boxing Club “Dubočica“, Kickboxing Club “Dubočica“, Judo Club “Leskovac“, BC “Leskovac“, BC ”Bushido“, Fencing Club “Dubočica“, Karate Club “Ippon“, Karate Club “Sensei“). From Martial Arts the most popular was boxing until nineties. After that kickboxing took precedence with fantastic Božidar Đermanović, who made fantastic professional career. Apart from these Martial arts, there are also judo and karate.

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11.2 Churches and temples

Saborna Church The Cathedral Temple or Saborna Church is dedicated to the Holy Trinity. It was built in the period of 1921-1931, when it was consecrated on the day of Nativity of the Virgin Mary on the 21 of September, with the presence of the highest church and state dignitaries (the presence of King and Patriarch of ). It was built on the model of Gračanica.

The Church Odzaklija

The Church Odzaklija was built in 1803 on the foundations of already existing temple. Since Turk Authorities didn`t permit the reconstruction of the temple, the Serbs told the Turks that they were going to build the house for priest. As evidence that they were building the house, they put the chimney on it. That’s how the church got the name Odzaklija (the chimney house). The chimney existed up to 1963 when it crumbled, while in church remained only the fireplace. In the same year crumbled also the roof under the weight of snow. The restoration was completely finished on 22/09/1992, when the Bishop Irenaeus of Nis with the assistance of priests consecrated the temple. In the church porch there is a rarity in orthodox world, the unique example of architecture, and that`s the old church which is dedicated to the Nativity of the Holy Mother or to the Nativity of the Virgin Mary. The Church of St. Ilija The Church of St. Ilija is situated on the left side of Hisar. It was built and consecrated in the occasion of the fifth hundred anniversary of the Battle of Kosovo, in 1889, as the legend says, on the location of the medieval church. The church was projected by Svetozar Ivačković, and the Iconostasis was built by S. Nikolić from Bitolj. The Church of St. Petka in Rudar

The Church of St. Petka is the oldest temple in the region of Leskovac. Actually, it was Byzantine Basilica from the V century. It was destroyed in the attack of Ottoman Turks, and again reconstructed. In that period, on its basis was established the monastery. In the Austrian-Turkish War, in the beginning of XVIII century it was destroyed again. It was reconstructed in 1799. It distinguishes by splendid frescos. There are two layers. The first layer is from the Medieval, and the second was painted after the temple`s restoration in 1815. It was also destroyed in the attack of Slavs in the middle of VII century. In the time of Nemanjić Dynasty, and maybe before it was reconstructed. Besides the temple, there is also a residence with a two-floor construction built in the beginning of XIX century. This is a real architectonic master peace of its time.

Jasunjski monasteries. Around twenty kilometers from Leskovac, in the area of Jasunja village, the only two monasteries in Jablanicki District are situated – the female monastery Holy Mother, which was built by the nuns of Greek highborn and the male monastery of St. Jovan, built by Andronik Katakuzen with brothers. The monasteries, which are surrounded by thick, vast forests, are older than 500 years, and nobody can stay indifferent in front of frescos, painted on the outside walls of the male monastery. 92 92

11.3 City gathering centers

11.3.1 Libraries

The National Library “Radoje Domanović”. The city library founded in 1869 became the big National Library of the City in 1935. In early sixties of the XX century it was named by our most famous satirist Radoje Domanović, who was our fellow citizen in the period of 1896 - 1898. It was developing in parallel with the development of the city. From 1960 it is situated in the street Bulevar oslobođenja 61. In difficult conditions and in the rooms which are not adequate for the library norms, with 11 affiliated libraries, in some library activities it reached the top. The National Library owns over 180,000 books. It got many awards for the achieved results, from which the most important are:

• Surep Award, the biggest award in librarianship • October Award of the City of Leskovac

11.3.2 Cultural centers Cultural Center of Leskovac The Cultural Center of Leskovac is a public cultural institution. The founder of the institution is the Community of Leskovac. It is situated in Leskovac in the street Bulevar oslobođenja 61. The main activity of the Institution is cultural work which represents all sorts of presentation of woks of art, organization of literal and scientific public lectures, education of young people, editorial activity, presentation of theatrical and film spectacles etc.

Center for Household Economics Dаnicа Vuksаnović The basic activity of the Center for Economics is: improvement of cultural nutrition, dressing, living and counsels for hygiene, care and protection of face and body skin with esthetic education for cosmetics and demonstrative consumer center, work on improvement of individual and social nutrition through lectures, seminars for regular nutrition, seminars for nutrition of pregnant women, young mothers, babies and children, seminars for conserving of fruits and vegetables, diet nutrition, an the expositions of the proper nutrition, professional training of citizens for work and needs in the institutions of the social nutrition, issuing of certificates about finished course for the proper nutrition.

11.3.3 Theaters

Leskovac National Theater The basic function of the Leskovac National Theater is artistic literary creativity and stage art. The beginnings of the theater life in Leskovac date back to 1896, when Radoje Domanović, the then high school professor, formed a dilettante group and named it “The Jug Bogdan Civil Theater”. The piece “The Battle of Kosovo” by author Matija Ban was performed the same year. The group stopped performing in 1898 when Domanović left Leskovac.

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11.3.4 Museums

The National Museum The Leskovac National Museum was founded on May 2, 1948 with a goal to gather, process, preserve, and exhibit museum items that are relevant to the past of Leskovac and the surrounding area. The Museum was placed at a reconstructed house of Bora Dimitrijević Piksla until May 10, 1974, when a new building was opened, thus creating true conditions for further development of the Museum. It is an institution quite complex, that has departments for archeology, history, history of arts, ethnology, and conservation. Within the Museum premises are: the permanent exhibition, gallery, room for scientific gatherings, library with over 14,000 items.

Within the Museum there are also separated buildings:

• City House • Museum of Textil Industry in village Strojkovac • Memorial house of Kosta Stamenković • Archeological site Caričin grad

The National Museum is the institution which performs museum activity, collecting, protection and presentation of cultural and historical goods with the aim to analyze completely and scientifically the cultural and historical heritage of the region of Leskovac.

Occasionally in the National Museum are organized professional and scientific meetings, different lectures and forums. From 1988 in biennial continuity is being held the scientific meeting “Cultural and Historical Heritage of Southeastern Serbia”. Every year in Museum are presented more exhibitions of different character, book promotions, literal evenings and concerts of classical music. The professional library is opened for all the explorers of the past of the region of Leskovac, and the educational function, which is expressed through the collaboration with schools in the city and its surroundings, is not ignored.

11.4 Cultural activities (events, celebrations, festivals, parades, ceremonies, concerts)

Leskovac summer festival Leskovac summer festival is cultural manifestation which is organized every summer by Turistic Organization of Leskovac. During those days, city main street is closed for vehicles, and in the yard of Sop-Djokic house lot of events are organized with participation of many associations, clubs, cultural institutions, famous artists from Leskovac. Lot of performances, exhibitions, fashion events, sport competitions and tournaments are organized too..

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Roštiljijada – barbeque festival Roštiljijada is organized every year during second week of September for a last 20 years. Over 300.000 visitors from Serbia and abroad, that come to visit this manifestation during seven days of lasting, bring it to the top turistic events in Serbia. This festival is full of events such as competition for the Guiness book of records in making the biggest hamburger in the world, competition in fast eating of chilli paprika’s, lot of concerts of famous artists, cultural and artistic performances from Serbia and abroad…

Since 2010 The Carnival of Leskovac is separate, complete tourist event. It is held in July. The Carnival of Leskovac is a mixture of tradition and modern carnival trends.

The Carnival of Leskovac, with the main international carnival procession, consists of children's carnival, a great masquerade, a carnival ball with the election of Carnival princess, carnival exhibitions, numerous following programs and concerts. The organizer of the Carnival is the Tourist Organization of Leskovac, and the sponsor is the city of Leskovac.

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11.5 Entertainment and services

The right places for socializing during the day are the gardens of different cafes that almost any times of day are filled to the last place.

Nightlife of the city offers a great choice of places to go out for young people. These are discos, night clubs and cafes, then restaurants with a variety of specialties, which make the city widely famous, also, cinemas, summer gardens etc. All this makes the residents and visitors of the city of Leskovac always happy and having fun.

The City offers to its citizens and visitors to go out in two discos (ABC and Zoom). Disco ABC receives over 5 000 visitors and it is indoor café, while the Zoom at the open. In these buildings during the weekend, on Fridays and Saturdays the guests are famous Serbian music stars, of domestic and pop music. It also hosts famous DJs and artists, organizes drinks` promotions and events. From other places worth mentioning are the clubs, Rupa with its garden outside where the atmosphere is calmer. One of the best clubs is also Etaž, which also organizes promotions and parties with different subjects. This is the place to go out for young students, who organize their parties every Wednesday. The club Vinus is always full. This is a place for older. In this place are played and hosted many rock bands from Leskovac and surroundings. This is the place that offers good rock entertainment. In the coffee bar Picasso there are karaoke on Tuesdays. Here people compete in karaoke, win worthy prizes and have great fun. For those quieter and older, there are cafe Centar, where you can enjoy good atmosphere and drinking, cake shop Faraon for daily socializing and good coffee, garden of coffee bar Šeri for those more relaxed and for tap beer, a lot of clubs for games of chance and those who love it, El Dorado, Madera, Alexandar.

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11.5.1 Restaurants

For those who like to taste the specialties of local cuisine and widely famous Leskovački grill, there are beautiful restaurants: restaurant ABC, then restaurant Cap-Cap, Princ, Zlatno bure, kod Noneta, kod Zajca, ethno log cabin Groš, Dale 11…

Café restoran ABC Etno Brvnara Groš

11.5.2 Cinemas

Table 93. Number of cinemas, cinema seats, projections and visitors, 2006 Municipality District Serbia Number of cinemas 1 2 104 Number of seats in cinemas 170 687 42,097 Number of film projections 91 94 46,055 Number of viewers 1,706 1,749 1,393,610 Non-utilization rate (%) 11.5 10.7 7.8 Number of viewers per 1000 inhabitants 1 1 20

11.5.3 Shopping areas and retail centers Trade is most common economic sector in each city. The Economy would not exist without trade, which consists of wholesale, retail sale, shopping centers, supermarkets, shops. Leskovac has several shopping centers: Most SC, SC Južni blok , Severni Blok, SC ELU Centar, Chinese Shopping center and several supermarkets: Zlatan trag, Orion, ABC shops, Spin, Familija, Idea...

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12 Local development in relation with regional and national strategic documents

The City of Leskovac participated in realization of the following international programs:

Program: SSMIRP 1, donator: UNDP, WB Program: SSMIRP 2, donator: UNDP, WB Program: MIR 1, donators: EAR, UNDP Program: MIR 2, donators: EAR, UNDP Program: CRDA, donator: USAID Program: SLGRP, donator: USAID Program: SCOPES, donator: USAID Program: MEGA, donator: USAID Program: Agro business, donator: USAID Program: Compete, donator: USAID Program: RSEDP, donator EAR Program: Exchange, donator EAR Program: Exchange 2, donator EAR Program: Neighborhood program, donator EAR

The City of Leskovac has direct experience in participatory process that involved interested parties and citizens in drafting following strategic documents:

Project: Sustainable Development Strategy of Jablanički and Pčinjski district, donator: UNDP Project: Sustainable Development Strategy of the Municipality Leskovac, donator: UNDP Project: Development Program of the Municipality Leskovac 2004-2008, donator: UNDP Project: Amendments to Development Program of the Municipality Leskovac 2004-2008, donator: UNDP Project: Development Program of the City of Leskovac 2009-2013, donator MEGA program, USAID

The City of Leskovac until now has completed and/or realized the following plans:

- Master plan of the Municipality of Leskovac up to 2010, elaborated and adopted in 1992 - Amendments to the general plan of the City of Leskovac up to 2010, adopted in March 2008 - Local Environmental Action Plan, adopted in June 2005 - Development Program of the Municipality of Leskovac 2004-2008, adopted in March 2004 - Amendments to Development Program of the Municipality of Leskovac, adopted on 09/05/2007 - Development Program of the City of Leskovac 2009-2013 - It was adopted the draft of Strategy for Sustainable Development of the City of Leskovac 2010- 2019 - City Assembly made a decision to start the procedure of drafting Master plan 2010-2019 and it is now in progress.

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Mayor of Leskovac phone: +381 16 200-804, +381 16 200-850 adress: Pana Djukića 9 -1, 16000 Leskovac, Republic of Serbia web: www.cityofleskovac.org e-mail: [email protected]

Agency for Local Economic Development phone: +381 16 232-391, fax: +381 16 216-366 adress: Trg Revolucije 45, 16000 Leskovac, Republic of Serbia web: www.cityofleskovac.org

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