Routing, Protection and Traffic Engineering in WDM All-Optical

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Routing, Protection and Traffic Engineering in WDM All-Optical Routing, Protection and Traffic Engineering in WDM All-Optical Networks Mohamed Koubàa To cite this version: Mohamed Koubàa. Routing, Protection and Traffic Engineering in WDM All-Optical Networks. do- main_other. Télécom ParisTech, 2005. English. pastel-00001947 HAL Id: pastel-00001947 https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001947 Submitted on 12 Oct 2006 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. THESE` pr´esent´ee`a l’Ecole´ Nationale Sup´erieure des T´el´ecommunications pour obtenir le grade de Docteur de l’Ecole´ Nationale Sup´erieure des T´el´ecommunications Sp´ecialit´e: Informatique et R´eseaux par Mohamed Koub`aa Routage, protection et ing´enierie de trafic dans les r´eseaux WDM tout-optiques Soutenue `al’ENST Paris le 2 d´ecembre 2005 devant le jury compos´ede: Pr´esident Professeur Dominique Seret Universit´eRen´eDescartes de Paris V, France Rapporteurs Professeur Piet Demeester Universit´ede Gent, Belgique Professeur G´erard H´ebuterne Institut National des T´el´ecommunications, France Examinateurs Professeur Marco Ajmone Marsan Ecole´ Polytechnique de Turin, Italie Professeur Samir Thom´e Universit´ede Versailles Saint-Quentin, France Directeurs de th`ese Professeur Maurice Gagnaire Ecole´ Nationale Sup´erieure des T´el´ecommunications, France Docteur Nicolas Puech Ecole´ Nationale Sup´erieure des T´el´ecommunications, France Routing, Protection and Traffic Engineering in WDM All-Optical Networks by Mohamed Koub`aa A thesis submitted to the Ecole´ Nationale Sup´erieure des T´el´ecommunications in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Examining committee: Professeur Dominique Seret Universit´eRen´eDescartes de Paris V, France Professeur Piet Demeester Ghent University - IBBT - IMEC, Belgium Professeur G´erard H´ebuterne Institut National des T´el´ecommunications, France Professeur Marco Ajmone Marsan Politecnico di Torino, Italy Professeur Samir Tohm´e Universit´ede Versailles Saint-Quentin, France Professeur Maurice Gagnaire Ecole´ Nationale Sup´erieure des T´el´ecommunications, France Docteur Nicolas Puech Ecole´ Nationale Sup´erieure des T´el´ecommunications, France Ecole´ Nationale Sup´erieure des T´el´ecommunications, Paris, France December 2, 2005. Dedicated to to my family and friends. Remerciements Mes premiers remerciements iront `amon directeur de th`ese,Maurice Gagnaire, Professeur au d´eparte- ment Informatique et R´eseaux de l’ENST, pour avoir encadr´emon travail depuis mon projet de fin d’´etudes d’Ing´enieur en T´el´ecommunications de l’Ecole´ Sup´erieure des Communications de Tunis, en passant pas le DEA et pendant les trois ann´eesde th`ese.Il m’a permis de toucher `aplusieurs sujets de recherche tous passionnants. Outre ses conseils avis´es,j’ai appr´eci´esa sympathie, sa rigueur, son esprit critique et sa grande p´edagogie, dont, j’esp`ere, j’ai su profiter. Ma profonde reconnaissance va aussi `aNicolas Puech, Docteur au d´epartement Informatique et R´eseaux de l’ENST, pour avoir co-encadr´ecette th`ese. J’ai pu appr´ecier ses qualit´estechniques et humaines pendant ces trois ann´eeset profiter de ses remarques et conseils. Je le remercie ´egalement pour la relecture du pr´esent document. Je d´esire exprimer ma profonde gratitude au gouvernement fran¸cais qui, `atravers le Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), a financ´emes travaux de recherche en th`esegrˆace `aune bourse de docteur ing´enieur (BDI). Je souhaite ´egalement exprimer ma profonde gratitude au gouvernement tunisien qui, `atravers le Minist`ere de l’Enseignement Sup´erieur, a financ´emes ´etudes de troisi`emecycle en France. Je tiens `aremercier tr`essinc`erement Madame Dominique Seret, Professeur `al’Universit´eRen´e Descartes et Vice-pr´esidente de l’Universit´ede Paris V, Monsieur Piet Demeester, Professeur `al’Universit´e de Gent (Belgique), Monsieur G´erard H´ebuterne, Professeur `al’Institut National des T´el´ecommunica- tions, Monsieur Marco Ajmone Marsan, Professeur au Politecnico di Torino (Italie), et Monsieur Samir Tohm´e,Professeur `al’Universit´ede Versailles Saint-Quentin, pour m’avoir fait l’honneur de participer au jury de th`eseet pour les questions tr`esconstructives qu’ils m’ont pos´ees.J’ai ´et´eparticuli`erement touch´epar l’honneur que Madame Dominique Seret m’a fait de pr´esider le jury de cette th`ese. vii viii Je tiens aussi `aremercier chaleureusement Messieurs Piet Demeester et G´erard H´ebuterne pour la lecture tr`esattentive de mon rapport de th`ese. Je leur suis particuli`erement reconnaissant pour les remarques et suggestions qu’ils m’ont faites. Je voudrais ´egalement remercier Madame Isabelle Demeure puis Monsieur Michel Riguidel pour m’avoir accept´edans le d´epartement Informatique et R´eseaux de l’ENST. Ils m’ont permis de mener mes travaux de th`esedans d’excellentes conditions et de participer `aplusieurs congr`esinternationaux. J’ai une pens´eetoute particuli`ere pour toute l’´equipe du d´epartement, les doctorants et stagiaires avec qui j’ai partag´eces trois ann´eesavec beaucoup de bonheur et parmi lesquels je compte `apr´esent certains de mes meilleurs amis. Un grand merci `aMonsieur Bernard Robinet, Directeur de l’Ecole´ Doctorale, pour sa g´en´erosit´eet ses conseils avis´es. Enfin, j’ai une pens´ee´emue `ames parents et toute ma famille, sans qui je n’aurais jamais pu arriver ici. Je suis heureux de leur avoir apport´ece r´esultat. R´esum´e Introduction La croissance du trafic, la complexit´edes syst`emeset l’arriv´eede nouveaux acteurs dans le domaine des t´el´ecommunications donnent `ala planification des grands r´eseaux de transport une importance toute particuli`ere. L’introduction du multiplexage en longueurs d’onde dans le but d’augmenter les capacit´esde transmission et d’acheminement mais ´egalement la flexibilit´eet la rentabilit´edes syst`emes, conduit de plus en plus `aune optimisation des syst`emes existants et `aune meilleure int´egration des syst`emesde nouvelle g´en´eration. Nous nous int´eressons essentiellement `ala partie longue distance des r´eseaux d’op´erateurs. Dans cette th`esenous traitons de la planification de r´eseaux WDM compl`etement transparents. Nous avons recours `al’optimisation pour r´esoudre les mod`eles math´ematiques d´ecrivant ces probl`emes.Pour des r´eseaux comportant un nombre limit´ede nœuds et pour des matrices de trafic avec un nombre r´eduit de demandes, il est possible d’obtenir des solutions exactes `al’aide de solveurs. Pour des situations plus complexes, la combinatoire ne permet pas d’obtenir des solutions exactes, on est contraint de recourir `ades m´ethodes approch´eesutilisant des m´eta-heuristiques ou simplement des heuristiques. Les r´esultats obtenus dans le cadre de la th`eseportent principalement sur l’´etude des communications transparentes par multiplexage en longueur d’onde. Ils s’inscrivent dans une th´ematique d’allocation des ressources en vue de r´ealiser des communications dans un r´eseau. La probl´ematique g´en´erale que nous avons consid´er´eepeut se r´esumer de la mani`ere suivante. Il s’agit de satisfaire dans un r´eseau tout-optique dont la capacit´eest finie (le nombre de longueur d’onde disponibles sur chaque lien du r´eseau ´etant limit´e)un ensemble de demandes de trafic, appel´einstance de communication, l’objectif ´etant de minimiser le nombre de demandes de trafic rejet´ees. La satisfaction d’une requˆetepasse par l’attribution d’un ou plusieurs chemins dans le r´eseau et d’une ou plusieurs longueurs d’onde pour chaque chemin en fonction du nombre de circuits optiques requis pas la demande. Un circuit optique (lightpath) est suppos´eutiliser la mˆemelongueur d’onde sur tous les liens qu’il traverse pour relier la source `ala destination du circuit consid´er´e.Cette contrainte est connue sous le ix x nom de contrainte de continuit´een longueur d’onde. On supposera aussi que deux circuits optiques partageant un ou plusieurs liens en commun ne peuvent en aucun cas utiliser la mˆeme longueur d’onde. Le mod`ele de trafic consid´er´eest constitu´epas la combinaison de trois types de demandes de trafic `asavoir les demandes de trafic permanentes (Permanent Lightpath Demands, (PLDs)), les demandes de trafic pr´e-planifi´ees(Scheduled Lightpath Demands, (SLDs)) et les demandes de trafic al´eatoires (Random Lightpath Demands, (RLDs)). Une PLD est une demande de trafic connue `al’avance caract´eris´eepar un triplet (s,d,π), o`u s et d sont respectivement les nœuds source et destination de la demande de trafic. π est un nombre entier repr´esentant le nombre de circuits optiques `a´etablir entre s et d (π ≥ 1). Une fois accept´ee,une PLD demeure dans le r´eseau ind´efiniment. Une SLD est une demande de connexion repr´esent´eepar un quintuplet (s, d, π, α, β) o`u s et d repr´esentent les nœuds source et destination de la demande, π repr´esente le nombre de connexions requises et α et β les dates d’´etablissement (set-up) et de fin (tear-down) des connexions demand´ees.Le mod`ele de trafic SLD est d´eterministe car les demandes de trafic SLD sont connues `al’avance et est dynamique puisqu’il prend en compte l’´evolution de la charge de trafic au cours du temps.
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