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May 09 Pp. 26-33 .Indd 26 4/13/09 8:16:10 AM Washington Cathedral from the Air, Ca

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May 09 Pp. 26-33 .Indd 26 4/13/09 8:16:10 AM Washington Cathedral from the Air, Ca Paul Callaway, Roy Perry and the Washington Cathedral Organ—A History and Memoir Neal Campbell n preparing the outline for a volume of Imemoirs refl ecting on Aeolian-Skin- ner organs I have known, it became clear that my involvement with the organ in Washington Cathedral was suffi cient in recollection, scope, and primary sources to warrant a chapter all its own. That is what is presented here, along with enough commentary to place the topic in context. A note about the cathedral’s name: its full ecclesiastical name is the Cathedral Church of St. Peter and St. Paul in the City and Diocese of Washington. In most Serlo Organ Hall and factory of the of the cathedral’s publications today it is Methuen Organ Company called the Washington National Cathe- dral. During the era I was familiar with (1866–1960), one wonders whether he it (ca. 1964–1976), the cathedral was might have been a stronger competitor called simply Washington Cathedral in had not the Methuen factory been de- its weekly orders of service and other stroyed by fi re in 1943. For example, the publications, listings in the local newspa- Skinner organ for the new St. Thomas pers, and on all Aeolian-Skinner corre- Church in 1913, Opus 205, was built in spondence, so for ease of continuity that collaboration with T. Tertius Noble, and is how I refer to it in this article. it remained one of Skinner’s favorites. Noble was likewise devoted to Skinner. The new organ in 1937 From the Methuen factory Skinner elec- Much misinformation and technical trifi ed an old Johnson organ for Noble’s ambiguity surrounds the Washington Ca- St. Thomas studio. The company also re- thedral organ. This is due to the fact that located and revised the organ in the Brick by the time the cathedral organ was built, Church in New York when the church Ernest Skinner had left the company he moved to its new and present location founded in 1901. Also, at some point in under Clarence Dickinson’s direction the early 1930s the Skinner Organ Com- in 1940. Dickinson had also played the pany merged with the pipe organ divi- opening recital on Skinner’s Opus 150 at sion of the Aeolian Company, creating the Cathedral of St. John the Divine in the Aeolian-Skinner Organ Company. 1911. The records show that most of the The entangling alliances of these dramas work of the new Ernest M. Skinner and are beyond the scope of this article, but Son Company was limited to rebuilding it is fascinating reading, and the reader and relocating some of Skinner’s former is referred to Charles Callahan’s two organs. Of the four-manual organs Skin- books1 for the complete saga as told by ner built in Methuen, only two survive: the principals in their own words. the organ in the chapel of Mt. Holyoke In 1932 Aeolian-Skinner built a small College (built in 1938 as his Opus 511, two-manual organ as its Opus 883 and which was rebuilt from his previous or- lent it to Washington Cathedral while gan in the chapel), and the organ in St. Ernest Skinner was still with the fi rm. Martin’s Church in Harlem, a rebuilt Later in the decade, as the Great Choir Skinner from a previous location. He was nearing completion, Ernest Skin- did build a completely new four-manual The Great Choir, ca. 1932 (plate 83 from For Thy Great Glory by Richard Feller © The Protestant ner’s new company, the Ernest M. Skin- organ for St. John’s Lutheran Church in Episcopal Cathedral Foundation, used with permission) ner and Son Company, was contracted to Allentown, Pennsylvania, but it has since build a large four-manual organ for the been extensively modifi ed. And a three- with the projected completion of the cathedral, and the small organ on loan manual organ for St. Andrew’s Roman nave in sight, the cathedral began a se- was reinstalled by Aeolian-Skinner in Catholic Church in New York is extant ries of consultations with Aeolian-Skin- Lasell Junior College in Newton, Massa- and unaltered, but unplayable.5 ner regarding what steps it should take chusetts, retaining the 883 opus number. The committee to select a new or- in providing for the organ. Although G. The organ no longer exists.2 gan for Washington Cathedral included Donald Harrison designed a small, two- By this time the cathedral worship Noble and Channing Lefebvre of Trinity manual organ for the cathedral’s Beth- space consisted of the Great Choir and Church in New York, each enthusiastic lehem Chapel6 in 1951, he had nothing two side chapels, a rather sizable and im- supporters of Ernest Skinner. So it is not to do with the design of the main organ, pressive edifi ce in itself, in spite of the hard to imagine the cathedral turning and I have not discovered any comments fact that it represented but 20% of the to this new company headed by Skin- by him about it. By the late 1950s the fi nished cathedral church as planned. ner to build its fi rst organ, in spite of its crossing, transepts and fi rst three bays of The new organ was built by the Er- somewhat shaky organization. According the nave were nearing completion. The nest M. Skinner and Son Company of to Ernest Skinner, authentic Skinner or- big decision before the building commit- Methuen, Massachusetts, as their Opus gans were available only through the new tee at that time was whether to build the 510. This was the company that Ernest company building out of Methuen—and great central tower over the crossing and Skinner and his son Richmond set up in this was arguably true. Advertisements let the nave wait its turn, or complete the a factory adjacent to Serlo Organ Hall in in The Diapason and The American interior of the nave and build the tower Methuen, now known as the Methuen Organist about this time barely disguise later. There were persuasive arguments Memorial Music Hall. Edward Searles, Skinner’s contempt of the tonal philoso- for both approaches, but it was decided an eccentric organ afi cionado living in phy of the continuing Aeolian-Skinner to build the tower and let the nave wait. Methuen, commissioned Henry Vaughan Organ Company, and his letters to the With all of that in mind, it was decided to build a new music hall, completed in editor are openly hostile to G. Donald to develop a master plan for the organ 1909, to contain the old Boston Music Harrison. Harrison for his part never with a view to gradually altering and en- Hall organ. In 1889, on a site adjacent responded in kind, though his business larging the organ to accommodate the to the hall, Searles had purchased an old correspondence shows that Skinner’s full cathedral. Joseph S. Whiteford, the textile mill and had Vaughan renovate it remarks disturbed him. He ultimately new president and tonal director of Aeo- to function as an organ factory for James let his own instruments speak for them- lian-Skinner, developed this in consulta- Treat. Treat had worked for Hutchings, selves as growing numbers of younger tion with the cathedral organ committee, Plaisted & Company in Boston, which organists, many of whom had studied in which in reality amounted to Callaway is probably where Searles met him, as Europe during and after World War II, and his associate Richard Wayne Dirk- Searles had purchased an organ from found favor with his classically inspired sen, reporting to and receiving reactions The north case and Great division in Hutchings in 1880.3 From this factory instruments. Paul Callaway, the cathe- from the Dean, the Very Rev. Francis B. the triforium to the left, ca. 1940 (from the they manufactured organs under the dral’s new organist, also studied with Du- Sayre, Jr. Whiteford’s scheme specifi ed Guide Book of 1940; used with permission) name of the Methuen Organ Company. pré in Paris and later served in the war as what might be called a post-Harrison Skinner purchased the factory and the a bandmaster in the South Pacifi c. American Classic concept—a standard the scientifi c properties of physics and hall during the Depression, and ran four-manual layout, together with a large acoustics involved in the emerging ca- concerts in the hall and built several no- An organ for the completed Positiv, independent choruses on manual thedral space. table organs in the factory from about cathedral emerges and pedal divisions, along with a plethora Responding to a request from the or- 1936 until the factory was destroyed by The Ernest M. Skinner and Son Opus of imitative voices (some new and some gan committee of the cathedral in Feb- fi re in 1943. Of the organs they built, 510 organ served the cathedral well in saved from the old organ) and softer ruary 1957, he says: the one for Washington Cathedral was essentially unaltered form—albeit with sounds to accompany the choir. The by far the largest.4 additions—until 1973, at which time correspondence shows Whiteford to be The present enclosed volume of air, Given the fi erce loyalty in some cir- the major renovation began, the result in total command of the subject, includ- which has so much to do with the acoustics cles to Skinner, and given his longevity of which is the present organ. In 1957, ing convincing arguments surrounding of both the organ and choir, is between 60 26 THE DIAPASON May 09 pp.
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