19940 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE September 19 representatives of the 50 sovereign adjourned, under the previous order, un­ in which the concurrence of the House States, that the Founding Fathers placed til tomorrow, Thursday, September 20, is requested, a bill of the House of the great responsibility and faith in the leg­ 1962, at 10 o'clock a.m. following title: islative process. In fact, in the minds of H.R. 11'266. An act to amend the act of a majority of the founders, Congress was •• .... • • March 8, 1922, as amended, to extend its seen as the cornerstone of the American provisions to the townslte laws applicable system of government. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES in the State of Alaska. Woodrow Wilson, one of the great WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 19, 1962 The message also announced that the Presidents of this Nation, while he served Senate agrees to the amendments of the as president of Princeton University and The House met at 12 o'clock noon. House to bills of the Senate of the fol­ as a teacher in the field of political sci­ The Chaplain, Rev. Bernard Braskamp, lowing titles: ence, wrote one of the most important D.D., offered the following prayer: S. 4. An act to provide for the establish­ documents ever written about our Gov­ ment of the Padre Island National Seashore; ernment. It was entitled "Congressional The prayer of the Master for His dis­ and Government." This indicates to me that ciples. John 17: 21: That they all may S. 2511. An act to provide for the produc­ this great student and scholar of Ameri­ be one. tion and distribution of educational and can history and American law under­ Eternal and ever-blessed God, at the training films for use by deaf persons, and stood the importance of the legislative noon hour of this new day we are uniting for other purposes. process and of the legislative institutions our hearts in the sacrament of adora­ The SPEAKER. The gentleman from in our constitutional system. tion and praise, of penitence and con­ Mississippi makes the point of order that Each of us upon assuming his respon­ fession, of petition and supplication. a quorum is not present. sibilities in this body takes a solemn oath We earnestly beseech Thee to show us Mr. WILLIAMS. Mr. Speaker, I with­ to protect and preserve the Constitution. the need and strength of cultivating the hold that point of order. At times I believe the Congress far sur­ spirit of fellowship and brotherhood passes the vision of the founders in ful­ among all the members of the human filling its duties under the Constitution. family. DISPENSING WITH CALENDAR We have our good days; and some days Make us eager to identify ourselves WEDNESDAY BUSINESS are even great. with mankind in its struggles and sor­ Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, I ask But we also must frankly recognize rows for we cannot enjoy health and unanimous consent that the business in that other days we do not accomplish happiness while vast multitudes are mis­ order under the Calendar Wednesday what needs to be done; we do not fulfill erable and bearing the burdens of in­ rule may be dispensed with, today. the vision of the founders. At such justice, oppression, and inhumanity. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to times we could hardly do better than to Help us to understand that we are all the request of the gentleman from Okla­ recognize anew the great inheritance Thy creatures and children and that the homa? that the Constitution grants to us. We injury of one, however slight and small, Mr. PERKINS. Mr. Speaker, I ob­ are legatees of the most workable and is the harm and hurt of all. ject. equitable system of government in the Inspire us to condemn and crucify Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, I ask history of the world. But it is ultimate­ that selfish and supercilious spirit which unanimous consent to insert in the Ap­ ly our responsibility, and the responsi­ is so wholly contrary to the fundamental pendix of the RECORD with my own re­ bility of every U.S. citizen, to make this purpose and passion of the Master whose marks a letter from the Secretary of system function as effectively today as it incomparable life was the supreme reve­ State addressed to the Speaker of the has in the past. lation of Thyself and the realized ideal House. In Philadelphia, President Truman of humanity. Mr. WILLIAMS. Mr. Speaker, I re­ formally commemorated Constitution Hear us in His name. Amen. new my point of order. Day. In his characteristically vigorous The SPEAKER. The Chair will state fashion, President Truman expressed the THE JOURNAL that unanimous-consent requests will timeless message of the Constitution in have to wait until after the Journal has terms relevant to our contemporary du­ The SPEAKER. The Clerk will read been read and acted upon. ties and responsibilities as leader of the the Journal of the preceding session. free democratic community of nations. Mr. WILLIAMS. Mr. Speaker, I de­ This message bears repeating, not only mand that the Journal be read in full. CALL OF THE HOUSE in this body, but throughout the Nation The SPEAKER. The Clerk will read Mr. WILLIAMS. Mr. Speaker, I make and the world. Quite simply, it is this: the Journal. the point of order that a quorum is not the United States will never sacrifice her Mr. WILLIAMS. Mr. Speaker, I make present. basic freedoms in our struggle against the point of order that a quorum is not The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Communist tyranny, present. Mississippi makes the point of order that Smely this is the same message the The SPEAKER. Will the gentleman a quorum is not present. Evidently a founders of this Nation made in their withhold his point of order? quorum is not present. struggle for independence and for the Mr. WILLIAMS. I withhold my point Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, I move a establishment of a viable system of gov­ of order, Mr. Speaker. call of the House. ernment. And this is the message they A call of the House was ordered. would have made today in the circum­ MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE The Clerk called the roll, and the fol­ stance we face. lowing Members failed to answer to their I think it most appropriate that a The SPEAKER. The Chair will re­ names: farmer President of the United States, ·Ceive a message. [Roll No. 225] one who understood the Constitution and The DOORKEEPER. Mr. Speaker, a Adair Hoffman, Mich. Pfost message from the Senate. Anfuso Hull Pilcher lived by it, President Truman, chose Barry Johnson, Md. Powell Constitution Day to remind us once The SPEAKER. Mr. Secretary. Bass,N.H Jones, Ala. Riley again of the great tasks before us. A message from the Senate by Mr. Blitch Kearns Rivers, Alaska Bromwell Kilburn Rivers, S.C. McGown, one oi its clerks, announced Buckley Lane Rogers, Tex. that the Senate had passed without Curtis, Mass. McDonough St. George ADJOURNMENT UNTIL 10 A.M. amendment a bill of the House of the Davis, Mcsween St. Germain TOMORROW following title: JamesC. McVey Saund Diggs Macdonald Sikes Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, if H.R. 12628. An act to provide additional Dooley Martin, Mass. Smith, Calif. there is no further business to come be­ funds under section 202(a) (4) of the Hous­ Edmondson Merrow Spence fore the Senate, under the previous or­ ing Act of 1959, and to amend title V of the Fino Moorehead, Thompson, La. Housing Act of 1949, in order to provide low Ford Ohio Thompson, N .J, der, I move that the Senate stand in Gary Morrison Vinson adjournment until 10 o'clock tomorrow and moderate cost housing, both urban and Gavin Moulder Weis rural, for the elderly. Goodell Norrell Whalley morning. Harvey, Ind. O'Brien, Ill. Yates The motion was agreed to; and (at 5 The message also announced that the Hebert Patman Zelenko o'clock and 44 minutes p.m.) the Senate Senate had passed, with an amendment Hoffman, Ill. Peterson 1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 19941 The SPEAKER. On this rollcall, 372 McIntire Perkins Shriver Mr. Buckley with Mr. Ford. McMillan Phllpin Sibal Mr. Lane with Mr. Wilson of California. Members have answered to their names, MacGregor Pike Sller Mr. Johnson of Maryland with Mr. Goodell. a quorum. Mack Pirnie Slack Mr. Gary with Mr. Smith of California. Without objection, further proceed­ Madden Poage Smith, Iowa Magnuson Poff Smith, Miss. Mr. Rivers of Alaska with Mr. Dooley. ings under the call will be dispensed with. Mahon Price Smith, Va. Mr. O'Brien of Illinois with Mr. Merrow. Mr. WILLIAMS. I object, Mr. Speaker. Mailliard Pucinski Spence Mrs. Riley with Mr. Bass of New Hamp- Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, I move Marshall Purcell Springer shire. Martin, Nebr. Quie Stafford Mr. Edmondson with Mr. McVey. that further proceedings under the call Rains Mathias Staggers Mr. Diggs with Mr. Hoffman of Michigan. be dispensed with. Matthews Randall Steed The SPEAKER. The question is on May Reece Stephens Mr. Macdonald with Mr. Curtis of Massa- the motion. Meader Reifel Stratton chusetts. Michel Reuss Stubblefield Mr. Zelenko with Mr. Mason. The question was taken; and on a Miller, Clem Rhodes, Ariz. Sullivan division (demanded by Mr. WILLIAMS), Miller, Rhodes.Pa. Taylor The result of the vote was announced GeorgeP. Riehlman Teague, Calif. there were--ayes 8~. noes 25. Miller, N.Y. Roberts, Ala. Teague, Tex. as above recorded. Mr. WILLIAMS. Mr. Speaker, I ob­ Milliken Roberts, Tex. Thomas The doors were opened. ject to the vote on the ground that a Mills Robison Thompson, Tex. quorum is not present and make the Minshall Rodino Thomson, Wis. Moeller Rogers, Colo. Thornberry point of order that a quorum is not Monagan Rogers, Fla. Toll THE JOURNAL present. Montoya Rooney Tollefson Moore Roosevelt Trimble The SPEAKER. The Clerk will read The SPEAKER. Evidently, a quorum Rosenthal is not present. Moorhead, Pa. Tuck the Journal. Morgan Rostenkowski Tupper The Clerk commenced the reading of -The Doorkeeper will close the doors, Morris Roudebush Udall, Morris K. the Sergeant at Arms will notify absent Morse Roush m1man the Journal. Mosher Rousselot Utt Mr. PERKINS (interrupting the read­ Members, and the Clerk will call the roll. Moss Rutherford Vanik The question was taken; and there Multer Ryan, Mich. Van Zandt ing). Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous were--yeas 355, nays 17, not voting 63, Murphy Ryan,N.Y. Wallhauser consent that the further reading of the Murray St.Germain Walter Journal be dispensed with. as follows: Natcher Santangelo Watts [Roll No. 226) Nedzi Saylor Weaver The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Schadeberg YEAS-355 Nelsen Westland the request of the gentleman from Ken­ Nix Schenck Wharton tucky? Abbitt Collier Gubser Norblad Scherer Whitener Adair Colmer Hagen, Calif. Nygaard Schneebell Whitten Mr. WILLIAMS. I object, Mr. Addabbo Conte Hagan.Ga. O'Brien, N.Y. Schweiker Wickersham Speaker. Albert Cook Haley O'Hara, Ill. Schwengel Widnall Alexander Cooley Hall O'Hara, Mich. Scott Willis Mr. PERKINS. Mr. Speaker, I move Alford Corbett Halleck O'Konski Scranton Wilson, Ind. that further reading of the Journal be Alger Corman Hansen Olsen Seely-Brown Wright dispensed with. Anderson, Ill. Cramer Harding O'Ne111 Selden Young Andrews Cunningham Hardy Osmers Shelley Younger The SPEAKER. The Chair will state Arends Curtin Harris Ostertag Sheppard Zablocki that that motion is not in order. Ashbrook Curtis, Mo. Harrison, Wyo. Passman Shipley The Clerk will read the Journal. Ashley Daddario Harvey, Mich. Pelly Short Aspinall Dague Hays The Clerk continued the reading of Auchincloss Daniels Healey NAYS-17 the Journal. . Avery Davis, John W. Bechler Abernethy Hiestand Ray Ayres Dawson Hemph111 Andersen, Horan Taber Mr. GROSS (interrupting the reading Balley Delaney Henderson Minn. Huddleston Van Pelt of the Journal). Mr. Speaker, I make Baker Dent Herlong Ashmore Johansen Waggonner the point of order that a quorum is not Baldwin Denton Hoeven Flynt King, N.Y. W1lliams Baring Derounian Hoffman, Ill. Harsha P1llion Winstead present. Barrett Derwinski Holifield The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. AL­ Bass, Tenn. NOT VOTING-63 Devine Holland BERT). Evidently a quorum is not Bates Dingell Hosmer Anfuso Harrison, Va. Peterson Battin Dole Ichord, Mo. Barry Harvey, Ind. Pfost present. Becker Dominick Inouye Bass,N.H. Hebert Pilcher Mr. BOGGS. Mr. Speaker, I m,ove a Beckworth Donohue Jarman Blitch Hoffman, Mich. Powell call of the House. Beermann Dorn Jennings Boykin Hull Rlley Belcher Dowdy Jensen Bromwell Johnson, Md. Rivers, Alaska A call of the House was ordered. Bell Downing Joelson Buckley Kilburn Rivers, S.C. The Clerk called the roll, and the fol­ Bennett, Fla. Doyle Johnson, Calif. Curtis, Mass. Lane Rogers, Tex. Bennett, Mich. Johnson, Wis. Davis, McDonough St. George lowing Members failed to answer to their Berry Dulski Durno Jonas Jamesc. Mcsween Saund names: Betts Dwyer Jones, Ala. Davis, Tenn. McVey Sikes [Roll No. 227) Blatnik Jones,Mo. Diggs Boggs Elliott Macdonald Sisk Anfuso Hoffman, Mich.Powell Ellsworth Judd Dooley Martin, Mass. Smith, Calif. Boland Karsten Edmondson Bass, N.H. Hull Rains Boll1ng Everett Mason Thompson, La. Blitch Johnson, Md. Rhodes, Pa. Evins Karth Finnegan Merrow Thompson, N .J. Bolton Kastenmeier Fino Bromwell Jones, Mo. Riley Bonner Fallon Moorehead, Vinson Bruce Kilburn Rivers, Alaska Farbstein Kearns Ford Ohio Weis Bow Kee Gary Morrison Whalley Buckley Lane Rivers, S.C. Brademas Fascell Curtis, Mass. McDonough Rogers, Tex. Feighan Keith Gavin Moulder Wilson, Calif. Bray Kelly Goodell Davis, Mcsween St. George Breeding Fenton Norrell Yates McVey Saund Findley Keogh Grant O'Brien, Ill. Zelenko JamesC. Brewster Kllgore Halpern Patman Diggs Macdonald Sikes Brooks Fisher Dooley Martin, Mass. Smith, Calif. Broomfield Flood King, Calif. Fogarty King, Utah So the motion was agreed to. Edmondson Merrow Staggers Brown Kirwan Fascell Michel Thompson, La. Broyh111 Forrester Moorehead, Thompson, N.J. Fountain Kitchin The Clerk announced the following Findley Bruce Kluczynski pairs: Fino Ohio Ullman Burke, Ky. Frazier Morrison Vinson Frelinghuysen Knox Ford Burke, Mass. Kornegay Mr. Hebert with Mr. Martin of Massa- Gary Moulder Weis Burleson Friedel chusetts. Norrell Whalley Fulton Kowalski Gavin Byrne, Pa. Kunkel ·Mr. Hull with Mr. Bromwell. Goodell O'Brien, Ill. Willis Byrnes, Wis. Gallagher Patman Wilson, Calif. Garland Kyl Mr. Morrison with Mrs. Weis. Griffin Cahill Laird Harrison, Va. Peterson Yates Cannon Garmatz Mr. Peterson witb. Mr. Fino. Pfost Zelenko Gathings Landrum Harvey, Ind. Carey Mr. Rogers of Texas with Mr. Moorehead Hebert Pilcher Giaimo Langen of Ohio. Casey Lankford Cederberg Gilbert Mr. Thompson of Louisiana with Mc- Glenn Latta Mr. The SPEAKER. On this rollcall, 369 Celler Donough. Chamberlain Gonzalez Lennon Members have answered to their names, Chelf Goodling Lesinski Mr. Sikes with Mrs. St. George. Granahan Libonati Mr. Anfuso with Mr. Kilburn. a quorum. Chenoweth Without objection, further proceed­ Chiperfleld Gray Lindsay Mr. Thompson of New Jersey with Mr, Church Green, Oreg. Lipscomb Barry. ings under the call will be dispensed Green.Pa. Loser Clancy Mr. Sisk with Mr. Harvey of Indiana. with. Clark Griffln McCulloch Coad Griffiths McDowell Mr. Powell with Mr. Gavin. Mr. SMITH of Virginia. Mr. Speaker, Cohelan Gross McFall Mr. Finnegan with Mr. Halpern. I object. 19942 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE September. 1.9 Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, I move O'Neill Rutherford Sullivan Mr. Breeding with Mr .. Dooley. that further proceedings under the call Osmers Ryan, Mich. Taylor Mr. Kluczynski with Mr. Merrow. Ostertag Ryan, N.Y. Teague, Calif. Mr. Finnegan with Mr. Hoffman of Michi­ be dispensed with. Passman St. Germain Teague, Tex. gan. The question was taken. Pelly Santangelo Thomas Perkins Schadeberg Thompson, Tex. The result of the vote was announced Mr. SMITH of Virginia. Mr. Speaker, Philbin Schenck Thomson, Wis. I object to the vote on the ground that Pike Scherer Thornberry as above recorded. a quorum is not present and make the Pirnie Schneebeli Toll The doors were opened. Poage Schweiker Tollefson The SPEAKER. The Clerk will pro-. point of order that a quorum is not pres­ Poff Schwengel Trimble ent. Price Scott Tuck ceed with the reading of the Journal. The SPEAl{ER. Evidently a quoru~ Pucinski Scranton Tupper Mr. PERKINS. Mr. Speaker, I ask Purcell Seely-Brown Udall, Morris K. unanimous_ consent_fuat__further__ read_-___ _ ~~ .u\1~"15l'"cEcnt?~'" \c,!UiG"--'- ~e1cflln.­ u urfi'ah - - -- The Doorkeeper will close the doors, Randall Shelley Vanik ing of the Journal be dispensed with. the Sergeant at Arms will notify absent Reece Sheppard Van Zandt Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, I , object. Reifel Shipley Waggonner The SPEAKER. Objection is heard. Members, and the Clerk will call the Reuss Short Wallhauser roll. Rhodes, Ariz. Shriver Walter The Clerk resumed the reading of the Rhodes, Pa. Siler Watts Journal. The question was taken; and there Riehlman Sisk Weaver were-yeas 341, nays 26, not voting 69, Roberts, Ala. Sla ck Westland as follows: Roberts, Tex. Smith, Iowa Wharton CALL OF THE HOUSE [Roll No. 228] Robison Smith, Miss. Whitener Rodino Smith, Va. Whitten Mr. WAGGONNER reveal this information. Davis, John W. Haley chusetts. Betts Mr. CONTE. Mr. Speaker, once Boggs Davis, Tenn. Hall Mr. Peterson with Mr. Harvey of Indiana. Dawson Halleck Mr. O 'Brien of Illinois with Mr. Ayres. again, before the vote on the Senate Bola nd Dent H alpern Bolton Mr. Rivers of Alaska with Mr. Goodell. amendment outlawing the congressional Brademas Denton Hansen Bray Derounian Harrison, Va. Mr. Hull with Mr. Gavin: usage of the frank on mail addressed Brewster Devine Harrison, Wyo. Mr. Finnega n with Mr. Fino. simply "Occupant" or "Boxholder," I Dole Broomfield Harsha Mr. Patma n with Mr. Moorehead of Ohio. want to register my approval and en­ Brown Dominick Harvey, Mich. Broyhill Dowdy Hays Mr. Rains with Mr. Bromwell. thusiasm for the amendment. I was un­ Bruce Dulski Hechler Mr. Thompson of New Jersey with Mr. Bass able to be present during the discussion Burke, Ky. Durno Hemphill of New Hampshire. of it yesterday because I wanted to cast 1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 19947 my vote in the Massachusetts primary. the rules were suspended and the bill was themselves very clear that they are Had I been able .to be anywhere near passed. against condemnation, and the gentle­ this Chamber, I would .have run, not. A motion to reconsider was laid on man from Texas, Congressman RUTHER­ walked, to join in the debate on this the table. · · FORD, has gone so far as to offer an amendment. For during that discus­ amendment excluding condemnation sion, the high-flung praises of "Occu-· from the bill and to work for the passage pant" mail were sung as never before. REIMBURSEMENT OF RAILROAD of the bill only if condemnation is ex­ It was claimed that "Occupant" mail UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE cluded. It is regrettable that confu­ had saved lives, that it would be less The SPEAKER. The further un­ sion continues; hopefully, this bill will costly, and that it would put congres­ finished business is the question on sus­ be amended to exclude condemnation sional mail on a par with that of the pending the rules and passing the bill and will be enacted. private sector of our Nation. S. 3529, which the Clerk will report by Senator Moorhead, in a letter to the Some of these claims are based more title. Daily News of the Virgin Islands, which on fancy than on fact. Let us look at The Clerk read the title of the bill. was published on September 15, also just a few. The statement that "the . The SPEAKER. The question is, Will commented: per piece handling cost of congressional the House suspend the rules and pass We in St. John are convinced that this mail, addressed to 'Postal Patron' with­ the bill (S. 3529)? bill is to protect the Caneel Bay Plantation out street address on city carrier routes The question was taken; and (two­ interests from further competition and pro­ and post· office boxes, will be less than thirds having voted in favor thereof) the vide a monopoly on the island. the same mail fully addressed to each rules were suspended, and the bill was Nothing could be further from the householder," is certainly true. But, it passed. truth. Mr. Rockefeller, who had the completely misses the point involved A motion to reconsider was laid on the. vision and the willingness to invest in here, which is that the increase in vol­ table. the future of the island of St. John, has ume of such mail will up the cost to off­ constantly expressed his desire that pri­ vate interests invest in the economy of set the savings. VffiGIN ISLANDS NATIONAL PARK, The second statement that "franked the island. These interests have not mail would not even have parity with ST. JOHN, V.I. been stymied for lack of land or beaches. private mailers on either rural, star, or The SPEAKER. The further un­ In another section of his letter, Sen­ city routes or boxes since private mail­ finished business of the House is the ator Moorhead stated that $500,000 ers can send rural mail addressed simply question on the passage of the bill S. would be available to match Federal ap­ 'Postal Patron, Local' and city mail 2429, which the Clerk will report by title. propriations from Mr. Laurance Rocke­ without name," is even more inaccurate. The Clerk read the title of the bill. feller and his associates, and further in­ There is a big difference between con­ The SPEAKER. The question is on quired: gressional mail for which the taxpayers the passage of the bill. Does this mean the Federal Government, foot the bill and other mail paid for by The bill was passed. if this legislation is enacted, has decided the users themselves. Certainly, pri­ A motion to reconsider was laid on to invest condemnation authority in Mr. vate mailers can use the ''Occupant" the table. Laurance Rockefeller and his associates? system, but they pay for it themselves .. Mr. SAYLOR. Mr. Speaker, I ask Senator Moorhead obviously is refer­ Congressional "Occupant" mail is pa!d unanimous consent to extend my remarks ring to the possibility of Jackson Hole for by the taxpayers in general. There ~,t this point in the RECORD and include Preserve, Inc., giving matching funds' is an enormous difference. extraneous matter. with the Federal Government for land I have, in various debates on this sub­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection purchases. Jackson Hole Preserve is a ject, pointed out abuses of the system. to the request of the gentleman from nonprofit conservation foundation sup­ I have emphasized that the taxpayers Pennsylvania? ported by the Rockefeller family. It do­ are the ones we should have in mind There was no objection. nated the land for the establishment of when voting on this measure. In gen­ Mr. SAYLOR. Mr. Speaker, first of the Virgin Islands National Park and eral, my point has been that it is ea~ier all, it is very clear to anyone familiar has contributed funds for the purchase to prevent an abuse than to correct with the Virgin Islands that the for­ of lands within the park boundaries by those which might occur. I hope that mation of the park has been a major the park service. It owns Caneel Bay the House will allow the Senate amend­ factor for economic development. Sena­ Plantation, and any profits from that ment to stand. tor Theovald E. Moorhead, meeting with operation would be used for conservation Mr. STEED. Mr. Speaker, I offer a the gentleman from Texas, Congressman purposes. It is, of course, ridiculous to motion. RUTHERFORD, and others, on September suggest that Jackson Hole Preserve The Clerk read as follows: 7, stated at length what. a wonderful might ever have any power of condem-. thing the Virgin Islands National Park nation. Mr. STEED moves the House recede from its is for the people of St. John and the disagreement to. the amendment of the Sen­ ate numbered 44, and concur therein. whole community of the Virgin Islands, and what a fine project Caneel Bay FEDERAL-STATE COOPERATIQN The SPEAKER. The question is on Plantation has been for the economy The SPEAKER. The further unfin­ the motion of the gentleman from Okla­ of St. John. Furthermore, in the ished business is the question on the homa. original legislation, more than 3,000 passage of the bill, S. 3475, which the The motion was agreed to. acres in two segments of the island Clerk will report by title. A motion to reconsider was laid on the where the great majority of the people The Clerk read the title of the bill. table. live were purposely excluded from the The SPEAKER. The question is on boundaries of the national park in order the passage of the bill. that there might be ample land on the The bill was passed. FHA TO MAKE PAYMENTS IN LIEU island for private development. A motion to reconsider was laid on the OF TAXES Senator Moorhead has said that his table. The SPEAKER. The further unfin­ only objection to the bill was the feature The proceedings by which the b.ill H.R. ished business is the question of sus­ of condemnation. Mr. Rockefeller has 12802 was passed were vacated, and that pending the rules and passing the bill made his position very clear that he is bill was laid on the table. H.R. 13067, which the Clerk will report against condemnation. This has con­ by title. stantly been his position, and it is based on the extreme, adverse reaction to con­ AIRCRAFT LOAN GUARANTEES The Clerk read the title of the bill. demnation expressed by the people of Mr. HARRIS. Mr. Speaker, I ask The question is, Will the House sus­ the area, plus the fact that Mr. Rocke­ unanimous consent to take from the pend the rules and pass the bill (H.R. feller feels condemnation is not essential Speaker's table the bill (H.R. 10129) to 13067)? in this particular case. The gentle­ amend the act of September 7, 1957, re­ The question was taken; and (two­ man from Texas, Congressman RUTH­ lating to aircraft loan guarantees, with thirds having voted in favor thereof) ERFORD, and others, also have made_ Senate amendments thereto, disagree to CVIII--1256 19948 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE September 19 the Senate am~ndments, and ask for a WIQKERSHAM BLASTS CED FARM . burgh. I agree with Mr. Carver that it conference with the Senate. PLAN would be doing this country a great dis­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Mr. WICKERSHAM. Mr. Speaker, I service if the academies were not per­ the request of the gentleman from Ar­ mitted to pay special attention to enroll­ ask unanimous consent to extend my re­ ing fine athletes-as long as these men kansas? marks at this point in the RECORD. The Chair hears none and appoints The SPEAKER. Is there objection met the other criteria. the following conferees: Messrs. HAR­ to the request of the gentleman from I am inserting the letter at this point: RIS, WILLIAMS, FRIEDEL, BENNETT of Mich­ Oklahoma? UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH, igan, and SPRINGER. There was no objection. Pittsburgh, Pa., August 27, 1962. Mr. WICKERSHAM. Mr. Speaker, I Hon. FRANK M. CLARK, wish to express my opposition to the Congress of the United States, COMMITTEE ON INTERSTATE AND House Office Building, FOREIGN COMMERCE Committee for Economic Development Washington, D.C. proposed plan for agriculture, which Mr. HARRIS. Mr. Speaker, I ask DEAR FRANK: I noticed in the Post Gazette would drive approximately one-third of this morning that the Army-and the other unanimous consent that the Committee the farmers off their land within 5 years. service academies--are under fire for their on Interstate and Foreign Commerce be The Committee for Economic Develop­ football recruiting. May I say that I hope permitted to sit during general debate ment farm plan would reduce farm in­ that this is not too serious a problem. We tomorrow. come from $11.5 billion as it was in 1959 are in competition with all three of these The SPEAKER. Is there objection to to about $7 billion in 1965, a reduction institutions for players and I only wish all the request of the gentleman from Ar- in income of about 40 percent. colleges and universities conducted this kansas? · Farmers displaced from the fields phase of the game as honestly as the service Mr. GROSS. ·Mr. Speaker, reserving academies. would be dumped into the already we· know that they contact only the the right to object, it is my understand':" crowded labor market, creating even academically qualified students who have ing that the so-called foreign-aid bill­ more unemployment. · strong recommendations from the guidance involving what? $3 to $4 billion­ Taking one out of every three farmers counsellors in the various high schools, and will be before the House tomorrow. away from their jobs would kill hun­ the students sought are given to understand Mr. Speaker, I shall object to this dreds of small towns and cities. that they will not have any easier life by unanimous-consent request and any The Committee for Economic Develop­ virtue of being an athlete. other unanimous-consent request that ment program has been endorsed by big I think it would be doing this country a any committee meet tomorrow during great disservice if the academies were not business officials of such firms as Sears, permitted to pay special attention to enroll­ general debate. Mr. Speaker, I object. Roebuck & Co. and the Ford Motor Co., ing fine athletes-as long as these men met and so forth. A farmers revolt against the other criteria. PUB.LIC RECREATION IN NATIONAL products of firms endorsing the Com­ Sincerely yours, mittee for Economic Development farm FRANK CARVER, FISH AND WILDLIFE CONSERVA­ plan has been so great that the Ford Director of Athletics. TION AREAS Motor Co. disassociated itself with the Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, I ask plan and other companies may follow unanimous consent to take from the soon. EXTENSION OF REMARKS Speaker's desk the bill (H.R. 1171) to The backbone of our farm program is Mr. BONNER. Mr. Speaker, last Fri- assure continued fish and wildlife bene­ the family-size farm. Agriculture can- day, September 14, I addressed the fits from the national fish and wildlife not be run like-big business. . House .. and requested leave to insert in conservation areas by authorizing their ·The Committee for Economic Develop- the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD the text of an appropriate incidental or secondary use ment farm plan is very much like the excellent speech analyzing the problems for public recreation to the extent that program of the late 1920's which led to involving legislation in the maritime such use is compatible with the primary the big depression day of the early , labor. field, presented at the recent an- purposes of such areas, and for other 1930's. · t nual convention of the Federal Bar As- purposes, with Senate amendments sociation. thereto, and concur in the Senate AMENDING WAR CLAIMS ACT OF 1948 rt appears that the speech was esti- amendments. mated to exceed, by approximately one­ The Clerk read the title of the bill. Mr. HARRIS. Mr. Speaker, I ask half page, two pages in the RECORD, and The Clerk read the Senate amend­ unanimous consent to take from the that its insertion would cost about $225. ments, as follows: Speaker's desk the bill (H.R. 7283) to Accordingly, my prefatory remarks and Page 2, line 20, strike out "and" and in­ amend the War Claims Act of 1948, as the text of the speech were returned to sert "game ranges, and other". amended, to provide compensation for me. Page 3, lines 8 and 9, strike out "the certain World War II losses, with amend­ I feel that the speech is of such sig­ wildlife populations" and insert "fish and ments of the Senate thereto, and agree nificance, not only to the maritime in­ wildlife populations and management opera­ to the conference asked by the Senate. dustry, but to all of our transportation tions". The Clerk read the title of the bill. systems, that notwithstanding the esti­ Page 3, line 12, after "areas" insert "in mated cost, I ask unanimous consent to existence or approved by the Migratory Bird The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Conservation Commission as of the date of the request of the gentleman from insert my remarks and the accompany­ enactment of this Act". Arkansas? ing speech by Mr. Warner W. Gardner Page 3, line 18, after "stamps." insert Mr. BENNETT of Michigan. Mr. on the subject of "Maritime Labor Legis- "Lands acquired pursuant to this section Speaker, I object. lation," in the body of the RECORD at shall become a part of the particular con­ this point. servation ·area to which they are adjacent." The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Page 4, lines 4 and 5, strike out "charges, ENROLLMENT OF ATHLETES BY the request of the gentleman from North fees, and" and insert "charges and fees and THE SERVICE ACADEMIES Carolina? issue". There was no objection. Page 4, line 8 strike out "of this Act". · Mr. CLARK. Mr. Speaker, I ask Page 4, line 8, after "Act." insert "The Sec­ unanimous consent to extend my remarks retary m.ay issue regulations to carry out the at this point in the RECORD and include MARITIME LABOR LEGISLATION purposes of this Act." a letter. Mr. BONNER. Mr. Speaker, during The SPEAKER. Is there objection to The SPEAKER. Is there objection the past year vital elements of our na­ the request of the gentleman from Mich­ to the request of the gentleman from tional economy and security have been igan? Pennsylvania? plagued by a series of crises in labor­ There was no objection. There was no objection. management relations. This has been The Senate amendments were con­ Mr. CLARK. Mr. Speaker, I received particularly true in the transportation curred in. a letter from my personal friend and systems, where shipping, railroads, air­ A motion to reconsider was laid on outstanding director of athletics, Mr. planes, and trucking have all been in­ the table. Frank Carver, of the University of Pitts- volved. Strikes have threatened to crip- 1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 19949 ple and delay our space program. As eratioh of seamen have in the large not Seafarers International Union-Pacific has chairman of the Committee on Merchant known the conditions of 30 years ago, while formal connection with but complete practi­ the ship operators of the first part of the cal independence of Seafarers International Marine and Fisheries, I have been par­ century have long since gone. Nevertheless Union-Atlantic. Its three constituents, ticularly disturbed by the deficiencies in the traditions of the sea outlive the men Sailors Union of the Pacific, the firemen, and collective bargaining processes . in the and the circumstances which formed them. the cooks and stewards, negotiate together maritime industry. I should expect that the difficulties of the but through their respective officers rather As I have said on several occasions, an present labor relations can in part be traced than with a common voice. intolerable situation exists. I have to resentments which have not faded away The licensed unions are almost as diverse. urged intensified efforts on the part of as rapidly as their causes. The masters, mates, and pilots, and the ma­ At the turn of the century the seaman"s rine engineers are nationwide organizations, cognizant executive departments to find life was close to indescribable. The wage which negotiate separate contracts on the solutions. I have introduced legislation was $20 or $25 a month; the hours were east and on the west coasts. The radio op­ with the hope that its consideration 12-14 a day, 7 days a week, without over­ erators have two unions. The American might lead the way to realistic answers. time pay. The quarters were simply bunks Radio Association operates on both coasts, The problems are complex and I free­ in the forecastle, with a table for those who while on the east coast the Radio Officers ly confess that I do not know the an­ could eat the food. Recruiting was largely Union also opera,tes. swer. accomplished by crimping, by which the Before a single ship can sail, the operator Very recently, at the Federal Bar As­ boardinghouse keepers controlled the hir­ must have reached an agreement with either ing and kept the kickback. The laws of de­ four unions or with six. Some operators, sociation's annual convention held at the sertion and mutiny insured against protest owing to different sources of their vessels, Statler Hotel on September 6, the mari­ once the articles were signed. have contracts both with the NMU and ISU time and admiralty law committee of Working conditions improved rapidly dur­ unions, and with both radio unions; they the association presented a splendid in g the shipping prosperity of World War I. must agree with eight unions and face also panel discussion on the subject of "Mari­ But the unions lost a disastrous strike in the jurisdic.tional conflicts which arise when time Labor Legislation." This timely 1921 and were for most practical purposes new vessels are added to the fleet. and provocative subject had been se­ eliminated; working conditions returned al­ A diversity of union organization tends, I lected for discussion by the chairman most to the prewar level. believe, to magnify the coercive power of the But the pendulum swings rapidly in this stronger party. If the unions are weak of that committee, John N. Thurman, industry. After the NmA, the Wagner Act enough, the employers can force upon all the who is also vice president of the Pacific and some bitter and successful organiza­ terms agreed by the weakest. If, as in the American Steamship Association. tional strikes, the unions were recognized on maritime field, the unions are strong, the em­ Thoughtful and objective papers were all coasts. Their victory was sealed by the ployer is almost inevitably caught in the presented by Mr. Lawrence Jones, Gen­ prosperity of shipping, and the consequent whipsaw. Any demand won by one union eral Counsel of the Federal Maritime demand for seamen, in the prewar and post­ becomes a falt accompll ln subsequent nego­ Administration; Mr. Joseph P. Goldberg, war period. tiations with other unions. "Catchup" de­ Today one need only glance at the condi­ mands between west and east coast agree­ maritime labor expert for the Depart­ tions of employment to see who is up and ments acquire an added momentum when ment of Labor; Edward D. Friedman, who is down. The west coast seaman has a the several unions dispute as to who needs to counsel of the Labor Subcommittee of base rate of about $475 a month; overtime, catch up with whom. The union leader who the Senate Committee on Labor and for all hours over 8, and penalty pay will fails to "catch up" may well fear the next Public Welfare; and Mr. Warner Gard­ bring this up to about $650; and vacation and election; the one who Jumps the farthest ner, member of the law firm of Shea & other fringe benefits make the total about ahead has laid a solid foundation for en­ Gardner, Washington, D.C.; and an able $750 a month. Two men in an air-condi­ trenching his leadership and extending his and distinguished lawyer with broad tioned cabin are typical quarters on new ves­ influence. sels. A steward makes their bed and tidies This basic problem is not soluble by any background in maritime problems. up. Union hiring halls and rotation of em­ form of legislation. Nor do I see any reason Mr. Gardner's remarks were particu­ ployment are invariable. M;:tnning scales ex­ to hope that the contending unions will of larly comprehensive and searching as he ceed those of any other nation, and indeed their own initiative merge into one. It is a analyzed the background of maritime those of the east coast. The seamen's earn­ problem which will, I expect, be with us labor strife, pending legislation, and pos­ ings place them at or near the top of Ameri­ for a good many years to come. sible solutions to relationships which can labor, and at a level 3 to 6 times that of the foreign seamen aboard the competing C. THE IMMATURITY OF MARrrIME BARGAINING have reached a stage which has been vessels. Seven of the nineteen Taft-Hartley injunc­ characterized as "insoluble." I am not here today to say whether this tions have been in the maritime field; two The issues involved in Mr. Gardner's is on balance good or bad. It is obviously were required in the past year. The west excellent presentation are not limited to good that seamen be well paid. It is ob­ coast lines have had three strikes within a the maritime industry and I strongly viously bad if they are so well paid as to year, 20 days in June 1961, shared with the commend his remarks for thoughtful drive the American ships from the seas. At east coast, and 12 days 1n October and 27 consideration by all who are concerned the present it seems likely that there would days in the spring of 1962 all to themselves. be no American vessels in foreign trade if it About another 3 months of the year con­ with modernizing and making more were not for the subsidy program and the sisted of operations conducted under the effective the necessary machinery for cargo preference laws. Even with complete incomplete protection of a Taft-Hartley in­ fair collective bargaining. protection against foreign competition, the junction. The lines have had to shoulder Mr. Speaker, I wish to insert the text lntercoastal and coastwise trades have shrunk not only the loss of revenue and the cost of of Mr. Gardner's discussion in the REC­ close to the vanishing point. So far as I layup, while their foreign or east coast com­ petitors moved the cargo, but have incurred ORD at this point: know, however, the inquiry as to whether the unions are pricing themselves out of work also a long-term loss of confidence by their MARrrIME LABOR LEGISLATION has invariably been answered according as shippers. The ship operator, it must be re­ (By Warner W. Gardner) the answer comes from the labor or the man­ membered, ls in direct day-to-day competi­ I am not sure that I have a valid claim to agement side of the table. So it wm probably tion in the same trades with foreign competi­ speak. Possibly, indeed, none of us has. I always be. tors. Subsidy goes part of the way to make competition possible with ships sailing at a at least have never participated ~n .maritime B. THE BARGAINING ORGANIZATION collective bargaining, and without that quarter of the wage cost. But subsidy will richly educational experience I rather doubt My concern today is not with the ultimate not in any way offset the shipper's reluctance that any discussion of maritime labor legis­ results of maritime collective bargaining, but to entrust his cargo to a ship which may not lation can be more than a theoretical spec­ rather with its processes; with what happens be able to deliver it. ulation. That, however, is a point which I when it doesn't work. The unions have now developed the prac­ shall probably be pressing upon Mr. Jones There are, unfortunately, a number of tice of refusing to off-load cargo which on another occasion, and it would be inap­ built-in reasons why maritime collective bar­ arrives during a strike This is strike action propriate to dwell upon it here. gaining won't work, or at least won't work against the customers, not the operators. It ls probably unnecessary to state that very well. Probably the most fundamental They are customers the unions as well as the my discussion today ls my own, 'and may of these reasons is the disorganized state of operators need. Hereafter, the mere threat not at all reflect the views of the steam­ the industry, chiefly on the labor side. of a strike is sufficient to dry up all inbound ship men for whom I have worked, and cer­ The union organization goes something cargo on an American-flag ship, at least if tainly not of those for whom I have not. like this: On the east coast and gulf, there manned with west coast crews. The Court are two rival organizations of the unlicensed of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit last May A. THE HISTORICAL BACKGROUND personnel. One, the National Maritime Un­ managed to displease both the employers I don't believe that the recurrent cri~es in ion, covers all departments. The other, the and the unions by ruling that a Taft-Hart­ maritime labor relations can be understood. Seafarers International Union-Atlantic has ley injunction would not be extended to without a quick backward glance at theit three constituent unions: the seamen, the protect the discharge of cargo on ships ar­ history. The men are different; today's gen- :firemen, and the cooks and stewards. The riving after the 80 days, but that the union 19950 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE September 19 members would have to sign the regular tion of major disputes, to be followed if un­ F. COMPULSORY SETI'LEMENT articles placing them under at least a legal successful and if arbitration is refused, by 1. Senator BUTLER on July 6 introduced obligation, possibly unenforceable, to dis­ a 90-day period during which a Presidential S. 3511. This bill is directed specifically to charge the cargo. Both sides filed petitions emergency board holds hearings and makes the off-shore maritime industry, and is con­ with the Supreme Court which, however, recommendations. Donald Richberg, coun­ fined moreover to the carriers and their em­ followed the Government's position and sel for the unions, and the chief draftsman ployees who bargain in a group including declined review.1 In result, even though the of the act, told the Congress that (a) he ex­ subsidized lines. It is intended to provide last strike was settled within the 80 days, pected voluntary recourse to arbitration in a flexible series of powers by which the Gov­ the ship operators lost several millions of almost every case, and that (b) it would be ernment officials can, if at several successive dollars of revenue on their inbound voyages extremely difficult for either side to flout forks of the road they so choose, force settle­ because of the fear that the ships would public opinion by refusing an emergency ment of the otherwise insoluble maritime arrive during a strike. board recommendation.2 In fact, at least labor dispute in which the Government has The lines have been f·aced with union de­ postwar, arbitration has been rare and the so heavy a stake. mands which seem, at least to me, to be in­ emergency board recommendations have usu­ The procedures could be invoked only by creasingly irresponsible. Some recent ex­ ally served simply as a floor for further nego­ a party who has offered and has been re­ amples, each a prime cause of one of the tiations. fused arbitration of the dispute. The Sec­ recent strikes, are: (a) The Masters, Mates Congressman BONNER, on April 18, intro­ retary of Commerce could in his discretion & Pilots in October demanded rotational duced H.R. 11450, which was an amendment dismiss the matter at the outset. Other­ hiring for mates, and are talking of such of the Railway Labor Act to cover common wise, in consultation with the Secretary of a demand for masters; this would mean that carriers by water on the high seas and Great Labor, he may order the dispute either to the President Cleveland, for example, would Lakes. I believe, however, that the Railway factfinding or directly to arbitration. If put to sea with 1,000 passengers and crew Labor Act approach has permanently been factfinding is chosen, the Secretary of under the sole command of the man with buried by the thoughtful comments of the Labor would appoint an officer of maritime a master's license who had been longest on Secretary of Commerce in his June 15, 1962, inquiry who would report in 20 days. The the beach; (b) the west coast SIU unions, report to the House Committee on Merchant proceeding could then either be dismissed under the leadership of the firemen, this Marine and Fisheries as to possible solution at that stage or be referred to a national spring demanded pay increases very substan­ of the maritime labor problem. He pointed maritime arbitration board of three dis­ tially in excess of those bargained out with out that the Railway Labor Act (1) was the interested persons appointed by the Secre­ every other maritime union. That strike, result of joint agreement, with each side tary of Labor. After hearing, it would enter incidentally, had a novel harbinger. Sailing responsible for its success; (2) the railroad its award. It is not, however, legally en­ of the President Wilson, with a full passenger labor relations were matured and stable; forcible except by injunction sought under list, 2 days before the general strike began, (3) the splintering of maritime collective direction of the President. He can, if he was forbidden by the union; (c) all Amer­ bargaining would not be remedied; (4) the chooses, request a normal Taft-Hartley in­ ican-flag lines a year ago were struck in grievance procedures of the act were less junction for the life of the arbitration pro­ part because some, chiefly the tankers, used satisfactory than those voluntarily provided ceedings. Upon separate determination by flag-of-convenience vessels. under the maritime contracts; and (5) the the President, and separate action by the These disputes have been settled without National Mediation Board has r10 maritime Court, it can be extended for a year, with new or drastic legislation. The two that pro­ experience. the conditions of employment those fixed duced a Taft-Hartley injunction were settled by the arbitration award. within the 80 days. But the settlements have E. THE LABOR-MANAGEMENT ADVISORY 2. S. 3442, introduced by Senator MORSE been achieved only at enormous costs-in COMMITTEE on June 19, would apply to all industry. It steamship losses, in loss of shipper confi­ The Secretary of Commerce in his report authorizes the President, in an insoluble dence, and in lost wages. .Another year like urged adoption of the course proposed by the dispute affecting the national health, safety the last could well solve the west coast labor President's Advisory Committee on Labor­ or security, to appoint an emergency board. problem in the most thorough-going fashion, Management Policy. This Committee, com­ It shall, after hearings, submit its findings by eliminating the ships. posed of leading members of management to the President and also, if so requested, We talk of automation as solving the high and of labor, under the chairmanship of the its recommendations. On its receipt the wage costs which make American-flag ships Secretary of Labor and the vice-chairman­ President can propose to the Congress that noncompetitive. This, in the present state ship of the Secretary of Commerce, on May he either reconvene the board with authority of labor relations, seems to me dreaming. 1, 1962, submitted a largely unanimous re­ to issue an order or seize the business con­ The west coast operators can't get men off port recommending in essence free collective cerned for a maximum of 90 days. Either the ships who are now unnecessary; if they bargaining, without enforced solution of any House of Congress can by resolution within are needed, every other freighter in the labor dispute. In order to deal with the na­ 10 days veto the proposal. Strikes in viola­ world is unsafe because of 2-6 men short. tional-emergency disputes which did not tion of the board's orders can be enjoined. I don't believe that even the labor men solve themselves, the Committee recom­ 3. Finally there is S. 3540, introduced by would say that there is a mature responsi­ mended only (a) convening an Emergency Senator MoNRONEY on July 12. It is directed bility on the part of the seagoing unions, Disputes Board which would, upon author­ specifically to the air industry, and in essence nor that the labor-management relations in ization of the President, have power to make authorizes jurisdictional disputes to be sub­ that industry have the stability which is recommendations for settling the dispute, mitted by the President to a jurisdictional customary ashore. and (b) a direct order of the President, in­ disputes board appointe~ by him for final set­ Some sort of last-ditch protection seems stead of a court injunction, to forbid strikes tlement. It shall, after hearing, issue a final to me necessary if the American merchant during an 80-day period. order, reviewable by a Court of Appeals, and marine, despite its importance and despite Draft bills incorporating these provisions, enforceable in court, including an injunction. the magnitude of the Government's support, though forecast by Government officials, These bills have one element in common­ is not some day rather soon to be sunk in have not yet reached the Congress ( or else a compulsory settlement of the otherwise the turbulence of its labor relations. have done so when my back was turned). insoluble labor dispute. The Monroney bill D. THE RAILWAY LABOR ACT I consider myself as mucb attached as the offers no alternative solution; the Morse bill committee members to American ideals, to offers two; the Butler bill offers several. But There has during the present session of each in the end comes down to providing Congress been more interest than usual in the virtues of freedom, and to developing a sturdy and mature bargaining responsibility Government compulsion as a solution of the finding a. legislative solution. This has insoluble labor dispute. arisen both from the succession of maritime by all parties. strikes and from the pilot-flight engineer I don't, however, believe that such an act G. THE MERITS OF COMPULSORY ARBITRATION controversy which has kept the airlines in would provide the solution for the maritime I want to make three not entirely con­ ferment. industry. There is not in that field a single, sistent points about the theory and practice The first area in which to look for a solu­ broad-based union, feeling a lively respon­ of compulsory arbitration. tion is, of course, the Railway Labor Act. sibility for the future of the industry. There 1. The semantic obstacle: In the first That act, jointly drafted by railway labor is instead a diversity of unions, with leaders place I do not believe we should stop analysis and management, worked rather well from apparently feeling chiefly a lively need to at the threshold of the problem by saying 1926 to the war. It has, however, become in­ stay a jump ahead of their colleagues or that compulsory arbitration contradicts the creasingly ineffective as to major disputes competitors. I am inclined to doubt that American way of life, is inconsistent with and its grievance machinery is probably too emergency board recommendations would a free man's rights, or is a threat to the cumbersome. I believe it has not been even be followed. American home and motherhood. partially satisfactory in the air industry. If the choice were between this approach I seem in that respect to speak for the Basically, the Railway Labor Act calls for and none, this approach seems to me obvi­ minority. Both the chamber of commerce ( a) compulsory arbitration of grievances and ously desirable. If the choice were wider, I and the AFL-CIO could readily agree upon minor disputes, ultimately before jointly should think the more effective avenues both the substance and the wording of a dec­ manned adjustment boards, and (b) media- opened by three other current bills would laration that compulsory arbitration is evil. be preferable. I am told, for example, that organized la­ 1 Seafarers International Union v. United bor will oppose compulsory arbitration even States, 304 F. 2d 437 (C.A. 9), cert. den. 370 2 Hearings on H.R. 7180, 69th Cong., 1st when to its advantage. The underpaid hos­ U.S. 924. sess., pp. 18-19, 103. pital workers in New York are unable, so 1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 19951 strong is the natural force of public opinion, time disputes involving subsidized lines and sions to the United States which would to strike. I understand that they gladly does not push the experiment into fields hurt Canada, Australia, and New agreed to a proposed law for compulsory arbi­ where relief is not necessary. tration, which has however encountered the (c) There ought not, even in a narrow Zealand. vigorous opposition of the general labor field, be established a. system by which the On the other hand, if these Common­ movement. parties know that failure to agree will re­ wealths are allowed to enter with Eng­ Yet American labor and management are sult in arbitration of the dispute. Each land and be permitted to ship grain into alike thoroughly committed to arbitration would prefer to hold out in the hope of a Europe without any tariff restrictions­ of their disputes. A great many contracts favorable arbitration award rather than to the United States foreign agricultural call for compulsory arbitration of all disputes yield his point in negotiation. Compulsory market is doomed. Nowhere in the arising under or during the life of the con­ arbitration must be only a possibility, and trade bill would there be sufficient ne­ tract. A great many major contract dis­ preferably a rather remote one, if collective gotiating authority compensate for putes are settled by an agreement to put bargaining is to have its necessary pressures to the issues to arbitration. It is then a fairly toward agreement. the millions of tons of farm products standard practice to have compulsory arbi­ (d) Finally, the Butler bill recognizes that these British countries could dump into tration of minor disputes anc'. voluntary subsidy is in itself a course of labor insta­ the Common Market duty free. The arbitration of major disputes. It does not bility. Unions tend to overreach, and the American farmer would be caught with seem too far a leap to have compulsory arbi­ operators either to give in too quickly or, no protection and in addition would find tration of an occasional major dispute. for fear of criticism, to be unduly adamant himself taxed to pay for the cost of com­ There is, it is true, a considerable differ­ when the Government pays 75 percent of pensation and adjustment for other ence between Government enforcement of a the wage cost. As subsidy is necessary if contract and Government compulsion not there is to be a merchant marine, so it seems workers · and industries injured by im­ agreed in advance. But that difference does right that the Government should prevent ported products. Since the Treaty of not by any means rise to the point that it a breakdown of bargaining partially caused Rome was signed nothing has so clearly is a dividing line between freedom and slave by that subsidy. demonstrated the protectionist attitude labor. When many unions are competing for of the six countries who signed it as has The Government has in wartime con­ leadership of the men who go to sea, and the current negotiations in regard to trolled wages. It has, indeed, drafted work­ when any one of them has the economic England's membership. As a harbinger ers and owners alike to die in battle. The strength to impose its will, there is a of things to come these negotiations Government tax laws, unemployment bene­ premium on overreaching demands. If the fits, old age plans, manning requirements and shipowners yield successively to one de­ should settle once and for all the notion safety regulations are in the aggregate about mand and then to another, the country's that our workers and farmers and in.,. as important an element of the maritime oceangoing merchant marine may be ex­ dustries have anything to gain under labor contract as those bargained out by the pected before too long to join, as a colorful the terms of this so-called trade expan­ parties. Once the articles are signed the chapter of our history, the New England sion bill with its provisions for removing laws of mutiny and desertion require com­ whalers and the Mississippi River packets. protection and compensating the in­ pletion of the voyage. The Government can It is not good enough-whether for the jured. for appropriate purposes seize the workers' sailors whose lives have been spent at sea, home or the employers' ships. I can see or for the investors who have committed If the complications connected with nothing in the American tradition which their fortunes, or for the Government which the admission of Great Britain leave any makes abhorrent an occasional and last­ has invested so heavily-that insoluble labor doubts about t~e protectionist policies ditch arbitration of an insoluble dispute disputes should be allowed to run a fatal of the Common Market, then the follow­ heavily affecting the public interest. course without provision for their last­ ing article from Paris by Gaston Cob­ 2. Practical experience: It yet remains true resort solution. lentz should lay them to rest: that the countries which have e:x:perimented with general systems of compulsory arbi­ FEATHERS F'LY AS TARIFF ON BROILERS RISES­ tration seem to have had a mixed experience. TRADE EXPANSION LEGISLATION AMERICAN CHICKEN ExPORTERS ARE JOLTED My very superficial examination indicates: BY COMMON MARKET Australia has had a system of compulsory Mr. BETTS. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan­ (By Gaston Coblentz) imous consent to extend my remarks at arbitration, with binding awards on wages PARis.-The largest single foreign market and _conditions, since 1904. While there has thts point in the RECORD and include ex­ for American frozen chickens-$35 million been some dissatisfaction with its operation, traneous matter. annual business with West Germany-is at on the ground that collective bargaining The SPEAKER. Is there objection the mercy of the European Common Market tends to give way to extensive litigation, the to the request of the gentlemun from commission at Brussels. fact remains that it has been in operation for over half a century. The New Zealand Ohio? It has become a matter of high-level di­ experience goes back a decade longer; while There was no objection. plomacy. It was considered important it is based upon voluntary entry into the Mr. BETTS. Mr. Speaker, although enough for U.S. Secretary of State Dean Rusk system, that entry seems to be the rule the Kennedy trade expansion bill has to have discussed it with West German For­ rather than the exception. been approved by the House and Senate, eign Minister Gerhard Schroeder at Geneva The European experience, judging by the recently along with such topics as the two events have taken place which to my Berlin crisis. short life of the experiments which have been mind deserve some comment and con­ made, points in the other direction. For the Rusk's move followed reported pleas to chief examples: Denmark enacted a compul­ sideration. the White House by the Governors of Mary­ sory arbitration law in 1936 and repealed The first is the difficulty Great Britain land, Delaware, Georgia, and Mississippi to it in 1937. Great Britain has used compul­ has experienced in being accepted as a prevent the Common Market's high tariffs sory arbitration during both world wars, with member of the Common Market. The from raising havoc with the annual 63,000 the last experience continuing for 5 years discussion of reasons for delaying the tons of American ready-to-cook broiler sales thereafter, but has found both management British application has particular inter­ to West Germany. and labor opposed. Sweden in 1923 aban­ The next step in the sequence has been a doned its 1903 requirements that disputes est for the American farmer, since it is recommendation by the West German Gov­ in the railroad industry over the terms of in the realm of agriculture that difficulty ernment to Common Market headquarters new contracts be arbitrated. arises in finding a common ground of to take it easy on the American "poulets" by A sound conclusion would require a more agreement. making use of an escape clause hidden in careful study, but I at least am persuaded The more one reads the press accounts the Common Market treaty. that any general system for compulsory ar­ of Common Market negotiations and the This means that the fate of the frozen bitration would be of doubtful value in ac­ chickens has passed into the hands of the tual practice. objections of the British dominions to Common Market's semiautonomous com­ 3. Last-resort compulsion: A fair resolu­ England's accession to membership, the mission at Brussels. Bonn's formal recom­ tion of these contradictions seems to me to more one becomes impressed with the mendation was said by well-informed quar­ be found in the Butler bill. fact that the grand purpose of the Com­ ters to be in the process of being forwarded. (a) We start from the premise that we are mon Market is self-sufficiency-at least Prophesies varied as to what the results will dealing with an industry whose survival, and as to agricultural products. If England be. whose continued operation, is of imperative is admitted as a member of the market The Common Market's agricultural policy national interest. If, as I believe to be the but the British farm producing Domin­ responsible for this situation was agreed case, the choice may some day be between ions are left out, we can easily imagine upon earlier this year and went into effect the possibility of compulsory arbitration and this week. It will raise the price of imported continuance of the merchant marine; the the difficulty the American farmer will poultry in West Germany, thus dealing a choice would, I believe, be clear to all who encounter in trying to penetrate the blow to American sales. accept the necessity of choice. t£1,riff wall around the European Eco­ Feathers are flying as French "poulet" (b) The coverage of the Butler b111 is very nomic Community. British influence interests and their opposite numbers across n arrow; it includes only the offshore marl- would certainly not permit any conces- the Rhine, the German "Gefluegel" farmers, 19952 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD·-- . HOUSE September 19 angrily are pr-1.'>testlng again.st .any C.ommon mer.ce has been designated .as the ad• POOLING OJ' PROJ)lJCTlON Mar.tet c,c>.n~ssion ro the U .s. ibwiler.s. ministrative agent in !H.R. 11970. But ln effect, the _.agreement repr.esents a pool­ It all adds up to the fact that we are this change of words cannot eliminate ing benefits for American producers# wanted its representative to be the lead­ The European Coal and S:teeJ. Communit_y Mr. Speaker, are we about to embark off witn.ess in hearings before the WayE, has authorized three mergers by Ge.rman on another program threatening injury and Means Committee# Only afte.r in­ Steel companies: to American industry through increased tervention by the White House was this August Thyssen-Suette {ATH) is acquir­ imports with little hope of achieving ex­ procedure abandoned and the Secretary ing control of H01nd.elsun1on AG; ATH, 1n a panded export opportunities for our second merger, ts -purchasing a liO~percent of Commerce given the honor:s. holding in Stahlund Walzwe.rke Rasselstein goods and services? I am afraid the The obvious eonclusion to be drawn Ander.naeh AG; ..and Dortmund-.Ho.erder answer is in the affirmative in the light from these episodes is that the course Huettenunion .AG .i.s taking over Establech of the comments and press reports I of the proposed trade expansion legis­ Gesellscbaft fue.r Eisen-Stabl-und Blecber"". have submitted to the House membership lation is being directed by the State De­ zeu_gnis.se MbH. today. partment with the aim not so much of Even more signifi.cant is the new type of I am convinced the Congress should helping our own economy but of "a.chiev• Ruhr steel merger requiring no special legal not delegate sweeping tariff-cutting au­ ing political unity'' among the C.ommon sanction-the "mutual capacity exchange~.. thority to the Executive for the unprece.. Market countries. It al~o is important The pilot agreement for this form of 1n... direct merger 1s between .aoesch .and Da.rt; .. dented period of .5 years. U a delega.. to note that the Ways and Means Com­ m.undeHoerder Huettenunion. T.bese two tion of authority is to be made, it should mittee was careful to strike the word companies bave .agreed to make idle plant be for a shorter period in order to assure "politieal'' from the purpose clause in capacity mutually available, and to coor.. a more timely congressional review of H.R. 9900, and tbe Department of Com- dinate their investment policies. the exercis~ of the authority. 1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 19953 THE PRICE OF FREEDOM man will still find that he does not live dom rests holds that there is a vital relation by bread alone, which conviction will lead between freedom and reason; that freedom, Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, I ask him to assert again and again his posses­ in other words, is intelligent behavior. Thus unanimous consent to extend my remarks sion of those divine, inalienable rights that emphasis is placed on understanding, and on at this point in the RECORD and include distinguish him from brute creation. So the development of reason and intelligence, while the mechanics of government may and and our society has been organized on the extraneous matter. will change, the principles on which men basis of a meeting of minds and of mutual The SPEAKER. Is there objection may associate themselves permanently to respect. to the request of the gentleman from enjoy the blessings of liberty are firm and Three great historic currents of thought Ohio? immutable. The price of freedom is fixed. combined to foster and develop this concept There was :..10 objection. And liberty must be bought and rebought of freedom among the English-speaking peo­ Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, once at the same price by every gen eration for ples: First, the Nominalist philosophy , in in a while something is said that bears itself. England in the 14th century; second, the Obviously, in addit ion to pract icing jus­ British Reformation 200 years before Luther; repeating. I feel that the address of Mr. tice, moderation, temperance, frugality and and third, the revival of classical learning in H. W. Prentis, Jr., president of the Arm­ virtue, we must also know what those fun­ England in the 16th century. strong Cork Co., delivered in 1945, is such d amental principles are if we are to recur Neither the time nor the occasion permits a worthy presentation. I have consist­ to them frequently- as the Virginia Bill an extended discussion of these three mo­ ently advocated the thesis that the basic of Rights says we must. Yet how many mentous movements. Suffice it to say that issue of our decade is whether or not the American business and professional men the English monk, William of Ockham, the individual will maintain his freedom or h ave even a casual acquaintance with those founder of the Nominalistic school of phi- surrender it to a paternalistic govern­ principles? How many members of this as­ 1os,1phy, postulated the fundamental tenet of sembly-far above the level of the average English and American liberalism-individ­ ment. American audience in education and intelli­ ualism-about the year 1325 when he taught Mr. Prentis eloquently presented the gence-could appear this afternoon before at Oxford. Applying that concept to govern­ problem in its proper perspective and I their employees or on a radio forum with ment, the English-speaking peoples have am inserting his address at this point in Earl Browder or Norman Thomas or Henry said ever since that the reality of the in­ Wallace and make even a sketchy explana­ the RECORD: dividual and his concrete experience in a tion and defense of the foundations on real world must be respected. THE PRICE OF FREEDOM which the American Republic rests? John Wyclif placed translations of the New (By H. W. Prentis, Jr.) And yet is it not obvious that without Testament in the hands of the common peo­ Some years ago I heard a m inister in the such knowledge widely dispersed among our ple all over England; set up conventicles Deep South deliver a sermon based on a verse people, the prese··vation of our system of where the populace got together for prayer found in the first epistle of Peter, the fifth popular self-government is simply impos­ and worship; and taught that the sacra­ chapter: "The devil is a roaring lion, sible? We have all been very smug and ments of the church meant nothing unless walketh about, seeking whom he may de­ complacent. We have taken our freedom the individual who accepts them knows what vour." His opening sentences were to the for granted. We have washed our hands of he is doing and what they signify. As a re­ effect that his text would be developed under so-called dirty politics. We have buried sult, our forefathers came to the shores of three heads: "First, who the debil am he? our heads in the sand while a vocal minority the American Continent impregnated with Second, what de debil am he lookin' for? in our midst have been steadily undermin­ the principles of personal moral responsi­ And, third, where de debil am he goin'?" ing the foundations of our freedom for half bility, the right of private judgment, and Regardless of its logic, this outline did have a century. "The mills of the gods grind the right of free assembly which, together, the virtue of indiccting the speaker's gen­ slowly, but they grind exceedingly small" filled them with a fervent passion and un­ eral intentions fairly accurately. Perhaps and we have permitted the mills of the col­ shakable belief in the inward spirituality of in talking to you today about t he price of lectivists--0perated in the majority of cases the individual soul. by kindhearted but shortsighted men and freedom I should do likewise. So you will THE TRIPOD OF FREEDOM find my text in paragraph XV of the Bill of women-to befuddle the thinking, arouse the covetousness, and destroy the faith and self­ With this principle as the foundation, they Rights proclaimed by the Virginia Assembly erected the tripod on which our individual in June 1776, about 3 weeks before the confidence of great groups of our people who now turn to that mythical being, the freedom in America rests today. First they momentous Declaration from Independence maintained that if man did possesss a sacred Hall on the 4th of July of that same year. Government, to solve their economic diffi­ culties. personality, he had the right to choose who That p aragraph reads: "No free government should rule over him. On that thesis they or the blessing of liberty can be preserved Yet I am not without hope. The fact that you are here to listen to a talk of this nature; reared the first supporting tower of our edi­ to any people but by a firm adherence to fice of liberty-representative constitutional Justice, moderation, temperance, frugality, the fact that more Americans today are and virtue and by a frequent recurrence to examining the foundations of their liberty democracy. Again they argued that since than at any period since the Civil War; the man possessed a sacred personality, he had fundamental principles." I have selected it the right to think, speak, assemble, and wor­ because it states in succinct and lucid fash­ fact that more books are now being written ion what our American forefathers consid­ about the American system than have been ship as he saw flt. On that concept they ered the price that ·any nation must pay for for a generation; the fact that so many erected the second tower of the structure of businessmen are planning now to provide American liberty--civil and religious freedom. liberty. And finally they reasoned that any man en­ What then are those "fundamental prin­ greater stability for our economic system in the post-war years-all indicate that the dowed with a sacred personality had the ciples"? From what sources do they stem? right to possess for himself such portion of What historic grounds do we have for con­ thinking people of America are coming alive to the seriousness of the situation that con­ the God-given resources of the earth as he fidence in their validity? The pragmatic could win by honest toil and effort. Thus philosophy that has pervaded so much of fronts us and are again girdling themselves to pay the price of freedom-no matter what they asserted every individual's right to pri­ America's thinking in the past 40 years vate property and economic activity of his denies that there are any eternal verities; that price may be in personal effort and sac­ rifice, and in persecution and smearing by own choice, and on that basic tenet they refuses to concede that there are any princi­ built the third supporting tower of their ples of truth and morality and social con­ those who do not hesitate to apply personal duct that are permanent and lasting. Every­ vilification to anyone who has the courage temple of liberty-private competitive busi­ to stand for. sound American principles. ness. These three towers stand or fall to­ thing is relative; nothing is absolute. Our gether. Destroy any one of them, and the so-called progressive education directly FREEDOM IS INTELLIGENT BEHAVIOR reflects that type of reasoning and now it has whole structure of freedom soon collapses. invaded the realm of law and justice, where The roots of American liberty are sunk To our forefathers tyranny was not mere­ sociological jurisprudence is ascribing new deep in philosophic and religious soil. They ly a seven-letter word. They knew what and strange meanings to the plainly written go down to those far-off days in Palestine 1100 tyranny meant literally in terms of religious, provisions of our Federal Constitution. years before Christ when the Prophet Samuel intellectual, economic and political oppres­ warned the Hebrew people what they would sion. They dreamed of a land where every LIBERTY MUST BE BOUGHT AND REBOUGHT suffer in loss of personal dignity and in­ man-no matter how humble-could have However, there are still some old-fashioned dependence if they insisted on having an liberty and the opportunity to pursue hap­ people in the world like myself, who believe earthly king; to those distant generations piness in his own personal way, so long as that certain things will be as true a thou­ in ancient Greece when men sought to dis­ he did not interfere with the rights of others. sand years from now as they are today. cover the requirements for living a good Hence they resolved to set up a form of Common honesty will still be common hon­ life; to that great period when the freemen government that would prevent tyranny esty. A truthful balance sheet will still be of ancient Rome explored the possibilities of from ever raising its ugly head again. They a truthful balance sheet. A steel girder of a self-governing republic under the rule of gave us the best instrumerits designed to a given size and ~omposition will still be law; and to those brief years of Christ's min­ that end that the mind of man has yet de­ safe to carry only a certain maximum load. istry in Judea, proclaiming the fatherhood vised--0ur Federal and State constitutions. Oil and water will still refuse to form a of God and the brotherhood of man. The But these constitutionc are w;orth nothing chemical mixture. And generations hence, common philosophy on which American free- in preserving our freedom unless they are 19954 <;:ONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE September 19 backed up by citizens who are willing to pay spells out expllcitY. the fact _ that in the era! Government. Thus it was hoped that the continUing price of liberty. The corner­ govermnent of that Commonwealth no one such dtvisions o1 polltical opinion as we stone of the Republic our forefathers estab­ of the three departments may ever exercise had, would be essentially vertical rather lished was the .religious concept of which .I any of the powers of either of the others than horlzont.al in character, !or our fore­ have spoken: the ' Conviction that every "to the -end that 1t (the government of fathers knew that no form of popular self­ human being ls endowed with .a soul that ls Massachusetts) may ibe a government Gf government could long endure in the face sacred in the eyes of a ,sovereign God. F.rom laws and not of men." As the Federalist of acute class cleavage. Hence the appear­ this principle, they derived the two basic ~apers pointed .out: "The accumulation of ance of sharp class stratificatlons in recent theses that they employed in setting up our all powers-legislative, executive, and ]u­ years-such as youth .groups, farm groups, system of popular self-government. dicial-ln the same hands • • * may justly labor groups; veterans' groups-is naturally First, they concluded that, since God had be pronounced the very definition of tyr­ a matter of deep concern to every 'true lover created man in .His own image with the power anny." Hence the present blurring of the of American liberty-particularly since such to distinguish between right and wrong, lines of responsibility between the three de­ class consciousness has frequently been in­ every individual ought to listen with respect partmen ts of the Federal Government-­ cited for partisan political purposes. to the opinions expressed by his fellow which had gone far even prior to the out­ Last but not least, the men who set up citizens, and that whatever judgment w.as break of the war---sis perhaps the most sinis­ the American Republic reserved the largest expressed by the majority of such divinely ter of all threats to our freedom in the post­ possible field. for local an.d individual ini­ created human beings after full and free dis­ war period. The tyranny of administrative tiatiwe by stTi'ctly limiting the powers of the cussion, was likely to be closest to God's law-the bureaucratic despotism from which Centra l Gover.nme:a. t . J:n respect to business, will for all of them. Vox populi, vox Dei­ we suffer today-would be mitigated if the only inter.state and foreign commerce were the voice of the people is the voice of God. lines of demal)cation between the legislative, made subject to its regulation. 'Ille tenth This idea ls reflected in the assertion that executive, and jud!:cial functions had been amendment to the Federal Constitution pro­ governments derive their just powers from kept sharp and clear. vides speci-flcally that "the powers not del­ the consent of the governed. DANGERS OF CENTRALIZED POWE R egated to the United States by the Constitu­ GOVERNMENT'S OBJECTIVES tion n'Or prohibited by it to the States, are As a fourth step, the founders of our Re­ reserved to the States respectively or to the Their second thesis was equally logical, public divided the .responsibilities of gov­ people-" As the late Justice Brandeis said: nameiy, that every mortal soul ls endowed by ernment among the Federal 'Union an.d the "The makers of the Constitution • • • con­ its Creator with certain natural inalienable States, counties and towns. They did that, ferred, as against the Government, the r ight rights that no human agency whatever may so that each particular segment of govern­ to be let alone, the most comprehensive of justly invade-neither 'any man called ment would not get too big for an intelligent rights and the right most valued by civilized king, ·nor any ,group of men representing cltlzen to understand lts functions and for men." I leave lt to you to say to what ex­ a temporary majority called government. his elected representatives to legislate intel­ tent that halcyon situation still exlsts. To guard these natural rights, government, ligently. Today the Federal Government has There, in a nutshell, is the mechanism by in John Locke's wor,dS, should be confined arrogated to itself so many State and local which our forefathers sought to harmoni:ze to four objectives-the protection ,of life, powers• .and has become so extremely huge the will of the majority with the personal property, peace, and 'freedom. and complicated that the average Congress­ rights of the individual. Jobs, opportunity, The problem of the founders 'Of this Re­ man w111 tell you frankly that it is impossible and freedom for us and succeeding genera­ public, therefore, was how to combine these for him even to read all of the legislation tions depend on how well we .safeguard t hat two opposing principles into a workable, that ls proposed or desired by the various me.eha.nlsm-a .mechanism 'based on meticu­ durable government adapted to human na­ Federal departments. In other words, the lous analysis of all previous attempts at ture in its manifold economic, intellectual size of the Central Government puts such a self-government in the world's history; a and spiritual aspects, and to a large popu­ tremendous load on Congress tb.at our repre­ mechanism so ingenious, SQ carefully organ­ lation 'Scattered over a big country. They sentatlves are unable to function effectively ized, so accurately compensated :against hu­ discarded the idea ·of a pure democracy 'ln to protect the rights of the people who man vagaries and lust for power, that it led which all decisions would be made by the elected them. Gladstone to say that the Constltutlon was current majority, because they knew his­ It ls exa ctly as though a business corpor-a­ "the greatest instrument of government ever torically that such governments had never tion permitted ltself to expand to a point struck off at a given tlme by the hand and lasted long. They .are too susceptible to where the directors and officers chosen by brain of man." demagoguery. As Samuel Adams said· the stockholders. found themselves unable to If we are willing to pay the prlce of free­ "There never was .a democracy that did not cope wlth the eno.r.mous number of prob­ dom, we wlll take the advice ,of the Virginia commlt suicide." So they .decided on a lems that were put up to them for decision. Bill of Rlghts seriously and by frequent re­ republic instead, that ls. a constitutional Centralization of power in Washington, more­ currence to these seven fundamental princi­ representative democr.acy, so as to make ef­ over. undermines State and local gov.ern­ ples examine every new proposal of govern­ fective the majority will of the people ln ment, and thus destroys the opportunity that ment to 1,ee whether it fits soundly Into the governing themselves and at the same time local ,self-government affords for practical fabric of our system. Precise definitlon of not destroy the individual .rights that the experience 1n citizenship. Unless a .man first the terms we used in -our political discus­ Creator had conferred upon each person. acquires .some training in handling public sions, clear thinklng based on sound under­ To resolve the paradox that thus confront­ problems in State• .county. city or town. he standing, willingness to take a large meas­ ed them, they set up a government of laws­ certainly is not likely to become qualified ure of r,esponsibllity f-Or our own physical not a government of men. As the 'first step. to deal with the lai:ge questions of nati-0na.l welfare, self-restraint, courage, along with they .adopted a written Constitution with its scope on which his freedom ultimately de­ justice. temperance. moderation, frugality, Bill of Rights, as .a permanent bulwark to pends. and virtue-these .are the coin in which the safeguard individual and minority rights Dr.awlng from the ex:perlen-ce of our British price of freedom must be paid yesterday. from hasty and ill-,consldered attacks by ancestors. the fifth step w.as to keep the today, and forever. As Somerset Maugham temporary majorities. Hence, they purpose­ control of the public purse in the hands o! said.: nu a nation values anything more than ly .made the process of am.ending the Con­ the House of Repr-esenrtatives--the arm of freedom, it will lose its freedom; and the stitution long and difficult. That is the government closest to the people. Every ef­ irony of it is th.at if It is comfort or money reason sociological Jurlsprudence--s:tretchiag fort at popular self-government that I have that lt values more, it will lose that, too_,. the Constitution to meet current demands l.'ead about in history has eventually been for legislation-instead of .honest forthright destroyed by some demagog who got his 'THE HISTORICA'L CYCLE amendment of that document .after full dis­ hands on the people's ow.n money. In re­ Paradoxically enough, the release of imti­ cussion, ls so very dangerous to our !freedom.. cent years Congress has delegat'ed more and a tive and enterprise mane possible by popu­ As Thomas Jefferson said; "-Our peculiar .se­ more latitude in respect to public expendi­ lar self-government u1timately generates curity ls the possession of a written consti­ t,ur,es to the executive d.epartment. Hence disintegrating forces from within. Again and tution. Let us not make it a blank paper another grave threat to our freedom is aris­ again, after freedom has brought opportu­ by construction." ing from what might well be termed the nity and some degree of plenty, the com­ In the second place, our forefathers in­ privy power of th:e puili>lic purse. petent become selfish, luxury loving and corporated in their :system of government complacent; the lncompetent and the unfor­ the principle of representative rather than NO FIXED CLASSES tunate grow envious and ,covetous; and all direct action, with dMierent terms of .office Another basic ,essential of a .republican three groups turn aside from the hard roo.d and dtfferent modes of electing Senators and type of ,government is that there should be of ;freedom to worship the golden calf of Representatives, to cusb.ioa the action of any no fixed .classes in the .social structure; that economic security. The historical cycle current majorlty. and to enable government every man ,slilould have the opportunity to seems to be: from bondage to spiritual faith; to function over a large geographical area. advance and improve his economic, intel­ from splrltual faith to courage; from courage Thtrd, 'they provided a system of checks lectual, and social status just as far as his :to liberty; from liberty to a;bundance; from and balances by painstaking separation and innate .abiU.ty, industry, and character will abundance to selfishness; from selfishness to coordination of the powers of the legisla­ permit him to go. So the sixth step was to apathy; from apathy to dependency; and tive. executive and judicial branches. .I wish discourage the development of class feeling from dependency back to bondage once more. I had time to quote the provision on this by inserting article I. section 9, in the Con­ At the stage between aipathy and depend­ point in the Constitution of .Massachu­ stitution which specifically prohibits the ency. men a.lw:ays turn in fear to economic setts, which was adopted in 1780 and which granting of any title of nobility by the Fed- and political panaceas. New conditions, it 1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE . 19955 is claimed, require new remedies. Usually is not a preparation for future events and full employment in the ensuing fiscal year; so--called new remedies are not new at all. contingencies. .It is the abolition of all the estimated dollar volume of gross na­ Compulsory planned economy, tor example, 11Initations on governmental power." tional product at the expected level of prices was tried by the Chinese .some three millen­ Russia•s planned economy is being cited required to produce such number of jobs; niums ago, and by the Romans in the early today by many well-intentioned :Americans the estimated volume of investment and centuries of the Christian era. It was applied as possessing certain virtues that we Inight other expenditure by private business and in Germany, Italy, and Russia long before the well emulate. For example, in an article Government to assure such a. gross national present war broke out. Yet it is being vigor­ in the New York Times last sprlng, Clair product in the year ahead; an estimate of ously advocated today as a solution of our Wilcox, professor of economics .at Swarth­ the actual prospective volume of such in­ economic problems in the United States. more College, says: "Whatever the short­ vestment, with the Federal Government For example, I noticed a few months ago comings of the Russian system-and there making up any deficiency in the required in the New York Times a typical illustration are many-it has one outstanding merit: It level of investment by expenditures from of muddy thinking on this vitally important can unquestionably provide full employ­ public funds. subject in a public address by Dr. Robert S. ment." Of course, it can-but at what a The mere knowledge that the Governmen t Lynd, professor of sociology at Columbia price: the loss of every civil and religious had any such plan in mind would tend to University, in which he calmly asserted: right that we Americans hold dear-free­ create the very unemployment that this job "The choice the engineer faces today and dom of speech, of the press, of assembly, budget plan seeks to eliminate. This pro­ from now on is not between the use of his of religious worship, of the right to work posal and others of similar tenor have strong skills by 'free enterprise' or by the when and where one pleases, and to choose support in certain labor and social reformer State. • • • The choice • • • is a choice one's own rulers. To secure so-called full circles. It would lead inevitably to some between two versions of State power, two employment at 'Such cost would be the nega­ form of the very collectivism we are fighting types of State control of science and tech­ tion of every principle of ireedom that the to destroy in Germany and Italy today. nology: a monopoly business-dominated American Republic has stood for since its It is significant to note that with little State or a democratic State which dominates foundation. publicity in this country, the British House and uses industry and science for the ends And do not say that the danger of our of Commons and later the House of Lords of mass welfare of all the people. Since the being subjected to compulsory economic recently approved a program entitled engineer is inescapably caught in this choice, planning in the United States when peace "Planned Economy of Great Britain." That's up to his chin, the course of realism ls for comes, is not reaL The National Resources the e,xact title of ·the act and it, apparently, him ~ot to pretend that he is politically Planning Board, headed by Mr. Roosevelt's means . exactly what it says. Debate in neutral and to make up hls mind as to which uncle, had as one of lts chief advisers, Dr. Parliament developed that the British pro­ way he will seek to throw his weight." Alvin H . Hansen of Harvard University. gram was almost identical with the New Certainly the englneer---or any other citi­ Among other things, he is one of the out­ Deal program in the United States. The zen-cannot afford to take a neutral position standing proponents of the idea that the British plan is described in detail in a but neither alternative that Professor Lynd size of the public debt does not matter "since white paper entitled "Employment Policy" offers is in accord with the fundamental we owe it to ourse1ves." which has been reprinted by the Macmillan princlples on which the perpetuation of In an interview 'Some months ago, he Co. of New York. American freedom depends. We desire said that under his proposed program, You shou1d read it in order to get a clearer neither a "monopoly business-dominated "Congress will surrender to the adminis­ picture of the probable "shape of things to state" nor a "democratic state which domi­ tration the power to tax, keeping to itself come" over here if the advocates of economic nates industry and science." We want no the right only to establish broad limits planning have their way. state domination whatever · except in the within which the administration may move. The long history of man's struggle for free­ sense of state umpiring and regulation of Congress will appropriate huge sums; will dom indicates that a part of the price he business to insure !airplay. For state con­ surrender the power of directing how and must pay for it is the willingness to assume trol-compulsory planning of our economic when they will be spent. Other extraor­ a large measure of responsibility for his own life by the state-means the ultimate de­ dinary powers such as, for instance, to physical well-being. Whenever men have struction of our political freedom and all effect wholesale social reforms will be dele­ endeavored to transfer their economic re­ our hard-won civil and religious liberties. gated to the administration, which will re­ sponsibilities to the shoulders of other falli­ Professor Lynd, like so many other humani­ tain most, if not all, of its present extraor­ ble men calling themselves government, they tarian thinker.a, ignores that point com­ din ary wartime controls." Mr. Herbert have eventually reared a Frankenstein mon­ pletely; yet the lessons of history all point in Agar, one of the more vocal New Dealers, ster that has turned and devoured their exactly that direction. in his book, "A Time for Greatness," ad­ political, intellectual and spiritual liberty. Under compulsory national economic plan­ vocates m aking "the responsibilities of the Plutarch's sage observation that "the real ning in Germany before the war was there Executive absolute and public. A govern­ destroyer of the liberty of any people is he freedom of the press? Ask any newspaper­ ment must have unlimited power to act who spreads among them bounties, donations man. Was there freedom of suffrage in and at times act fast, or it cannot survive and largesses," still holds good, along with Italy? Ask any hardy soul who underwent the emergencies of our unquiet world." Yet, Plato's prediction that "democracy contains the castor oil treatment at the hands of fa­ as Woodrow Wilson said: "The history of no long-range force which will check the natical Fascists. Did the farmer preserve his liberty is a history of the limitation of gov­ constant tendency to put more and more on freedom in RussiaJ Ask the kulaks. What ernmental power, not the increase of it. the public payroll." happens to labor unions under planned econ­ When we resist, therefore, the concentra­ omy? Ask the 1:ormer labor leaders of any tion of power, we are resisting the processes ECONOMIC DEMOCRACY BRINGS POLITICAL Axis nation. Is academic freedom permitted? of death, because concentration of power DEMOCRACY Ask the intellectuals in exile. How about is what always precedes the destruction of Significantly enough, freedom for the com­ freedom of worship? Ask the clergy of Ger­ human liberties." mon man has seldom, if ever, resulted from many and Russia. Well, then, can we not A year or so ago Congress abolished the the efforts of either the aristocrat or the apply compulsory planning to a part of our National Resources Planning Board but a. wage earner. The entrenched privileges of economy and leave the rest to private busi­ checkup will show that many of its plan­ aristocracy and the leveling-down demands ness? Stalin says no, .and so does Douglas ners are still in the service of the Govern­ for equality under the rule of the proletariat, Miller in his famous book about Hitler. That ment in divers capacities. Their power and have proven to be equally destructive of is the record. "Power over a man's support influence in molding governmental policies personal liberty. Hence such freedom as the is power over his will," the Federalist Papers is still potent, and there is no reason to ordinary man has enjoyed for brief periods sagely observed. Yet I venture to predict believe they are not still working for the since the dawn of history, has always emerged that if we ever do lose our freedom in Amer­ inauguration of compulsory economic plan­ as a corollary of the development of a middle ica it will be because of public ignorance of ning in the postwar period which, as I class composed of business and professional the perils involved in outright government have said, will spell the end of liberty as men and farmers. A recent lecturer at planning and control of our economic life. we have known it heretofore in America. Princeton University affirms that "political All of whleh again demonstrates that the GUARANTEEING THE "RIGHT" TO A JOB democracy came to the United States as a price of freedom is a deep understanding of result of economic democracy." History the basic principles of self-government and Take the so-called Full Employment Act shows that businessmen were principally recognit ion· of the fact that "eternal vigi­ of 1945 recently introduced in the Senate responsible for such freedom as Athens en­ lance is the price of liberty." by Senator Murray. joyed before the age of Pericles; as Rome Despite the lipservice this suggested had before 'the time of Marius and Sulla; VOLUNTARY .PLANNING FOR THE FUTURE legislation pays to private enterprise, the as the Republic of Florence had under the Of course. we want all of the voluntary fact remains that it would result in overall planning for the future that we can possibly governmental planning and control of the early Medici. have on the part of labor, m anagement, n ational economy. The bill proposes that The merchant class, moreover, created the agriculture, and Government. Compulsory the Government guarantee the "right" of free cities of the Hanseat ic League. And planning, however, is a horse of an entirely every able-bodied American to a "useful and certainly in modern times, freedom for the different color. As Peter Drucker says in remunerative job." A national produc­ common man has been the outstanding his book, "The Future of Industrial Man": tion and employment budget would be set characteristic of the business civilization of "The p anacea which ls being advertised to­ up based on a. Government estimate of the the Netherlands, Switzerland, France, Great da y under the misleading name of 'Planning' number of jobs required to assure .so-called Britain, and the United States. The reason 19956 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE September 19 for all this is obvious. A complex and ex­ In thinking about the four freedoms that like Jimmy Hoff a. · Attorney General panding commercial and industrial society we hear so much of these days, I have often Kennedy condemned Teamster lawyers requires political stability of a high order wondered what the reaction of the Pilgrim to ensure the sanctity of contracts, the pro­ Fathers would have been the day they landed as "legal prostitutes." tection of property, and the right to labor at on the rocky, barren coast at Plymouth if The American Weekly of July 17, 1960, a vocation of one's own choice; and such sta­ Governor Carver had said: "Those of you quoted Robert Kennedy as stating: bility can be secured only by having the who seek primarily freedom from want, come I think the 200 lawyers who take their foundations of government laid sound and ashore." Not a man would have stirred. money from the Teamsters are legal prosti­ deep in the hearts and minds of the people Again suppose he had said: "Those of you tutes. where it is presumably safe from the arbi­ who seek primarily freedom from fear in trary whims of tyranny and dictatorship. this wilderness full of savages, come ashore." On August 19, 1960, in a letter ad­ Hence as a part of the price of freedom, Not a man would have left the ship. But, dressed to the editor of the American businessmen must faithfully rec, gnize their thank God, impending privation and fear Weekly, Robert F. Kennedy attempted h·istoric mission as preservers of the precious did not daunt those sturdy pioneers. They to explain the statement attributed to values of human liberty. To that end they had known at firsthand what political, in­ him: should be shining examples of civic virtue, tellectual and spiritual tyranny meant and using that word "virtue" in the exact sense they were willing to pay the price for the I have never made such a statement. I in which it is employed in my text this after­ blessings of such liberty in the New World, said to your reporter, as I have said on noon. They must eliminate unethical prac­ no matter what physical suffering was in­ other occasions, that investigations revealed tices in their own enterprises so that busi­ volved. They landed in midwinter. Before that the Teamsters have about the largest ness can always come into the court of public many months had passed, half of their num­ array of legal talent in the country. Many opinion with clean hands; they must be ber had died. Yet when the Mayflower of them are not labor lawyers but criminal keenly conscious of the social significance of sailed home in April, as an old historian attorneys. They are financed through the their day-by-day decisions; they must be says: "Not one of the colonists went in her.· use of huge amounts of union members' dues good stewards of the responsibilities with So sweet was the taste of freedom even un­ . money and often their only job ls to insure which individual freedom has entrusted der the shadow of death." Millions of our that Mr. Hoffa and his cronies remain in them; they must constantly endeavor to cre­ soldiers and sailors are under that same their positions of power within the Team­ ate better conditions of employment by the shadow today. May it not be written of us sters Union. These men are the legal prosti­ elimination of health and accident hazards; civilians in the fateful years ahead, that we tutes. I differentiated these lawyers to your they must steadily seek ways and means of lacked that courage of body, mind, and soul, writer, as I have always done, from ·those regularizing employment and cushioning the which, when all is said, is the real price of lawyers within the Teamsters who do labor effect of advancing technology on the lives freedom. management work and advise the Teamsters and fortunes of their workers; they must on labor negotiations, etc. raise the standard of living by passing along In fairness to those Teamster attorneys the benefits of improved technique and ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE IN whose work is untainted by any wrongdoing, quantity production through lower prices THE UNITED STATES I would greatly appreciate your printing this and higher wages; they must take an active letter. part in public affairs; they must seek to be The SPEAKER. Under previous order Robert Kennedy's statement regarding industrial statesmen rather than mere of the House, the gentleman from Indi­ businessmen. lawyers representing Teamsters, even in ami. [Mr. BRAY] is recognized for 30 its revision as given by him, falls far SOCIAL STEWARDSHIP minutes. short of the high ethical, fair, and ob­ The voluntary assumption . of social Mr. BRAY. Mr. Speaker, I have re­ jective standards that are called for in stewardship is, in a very _literal sense, the quested this special order to bring to the the position of Attorney General of the price of freedom. As Justice Brandeis said: attention of my colleagues in the House United States. "Deµiocracy is a serious undertaking which a series of eyents affectii;ig the adminis­ substitutes self-restraint for external re- ' In the light of this, I feel compelled to tration of justice· in the United States. join with my colleague, the gentleman .straint." In other words, if inen do not As a former prosecutor, I have always conduct themselves of their own volition from Missouri, TOM CURTIS, who stated with due regard for the rights of others, been impressed with the importance of on the floor of the House on August 31, they invite public coercion. We saw that protecting the defendants' constitutional 1960:. process at work in the years before the war rights "to a speedy and public trial by an It is difficult enough to keep impressed in the well-nigh endless multipiication of impartial jury of the State and District upon the American public the importance governmental controls designed allegedly to where the crime shall have been . to our personal liberties of the principle tha:t bring about social justice. Many of these committed." good lawyers should represent people and measures were justified, but few would have At the outset, I wish to set the record groups accused even of the most reprehensi­ been enacted if we had had the moral com­ straight. I shall not argue the merits ble of crimes without members of the bar petency to conduct ourselves in accordance undermining this important public concept with the basic tenets of the parable of the of the Hoffa case. I am not bound to be­ Good Samaritan, the Sermon on the Mount lieve Hoffa right in order to argue that by ill-considered public statements. It is a he shall have the same right as any basic part of our concept of justice that and the Golden Rule. every person and every organization what­ Henri Bergson, addressing the French other citizen to a "fair and speedy trial." ever they may be accused of should be ably Academy in 1914, said: "Science * * * I do not know whether he is right or represented by counsel. equipped man in less than 50 years with wrong in either of the indictments now Where would this concept be if lawyers felt more tools than he had made during the pending against him. But I do know that they were going to be judged by the thousands of years he had lived upon earth. this-I know that the humblest and the clients they represent rather than by their Each new machine being for man a new own conduct in representing, whomever organ, an artificial organ, his body became meanest man who lives, I know that the idlest and the silliest man who lives, might be their clients, ethically and to the suddenly and prodigiously increased in size, best of their abilities? Such a statement as without his soul being at the same time able should have his day in court. And I that attributed to Robert Kennedy is more to dilate to the dimensions of his new body.'' know that the Constitution is a delusion than ill conceived. It is both libelous and • That was SO years ago, and we still have the and a snare if the weak or the unpopular unethical. same problem confronting us. It cannot be in the land do not have the same right solved by the spawning of more laws and to a fair and impartial trial as the great­ Since taking office the Attorney Gen­ regulations-if we are to keep our freedom. est and strongest in the land. eral has spent hundreds of thousands of Its only solution lies in the development of dollars toward the prosecution of James adequate moral competency-a task in which There is a practical reason for this Hoff a, and has even established a special there can be no .evasion of individual respon­ belief. Over a quarter of a century ago, Hoffa unit. He has empaneled 32 grand sibility on the part of any citizen who truly Clarence Darrow stated the basis for this juries for the purpose of getting Hoffa. loves his country. In his last published conviction, in pleading the cause for un­ article, "The Road Away from Revolution," popular men, who were despised and I have no objections to these actions if writte!l practically on his deathbed, Wood­ his motive is to obtain evidence to deter­ row Wilson said: "The sum of the whole maligned by prosecutors. Darrow's mine whether indictment should be matter is this, that our civilization cannot warning rings with eloquence to this day. brought and later to prosecute the in­ survive materially unless it be redeemed He stated: dictment properly. • If this great energy spiritually." You can only protect your liberties in this on the part of the Attorney General is world by protecting the other man's freedom. SECRET OF LmERTY IS COURAGE for other reasons, however, it is not in You can only be free if I am free. Pericles observed 2,400 years ago that "The accord with the high responsibility of secret of liberty is courage"; not food, not Attorney · General Robert Kennedy nis office. comfort, not money, but just plain old­ condemned Teamster lawyers for even There recently has been added an­ fashioned fortitude of body, mind and soul. undertaking the defense of Teamsters other chapter to the many volumes of 1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 19957 legal actions that the Government has that in my opinion has ever been made but it seems to me that in this case -in taken against James Hoffa. On Decem­ to convict anyone in this country. the zeal of trying to proceed against the ber 7, 1960, an indictment was returned It is also an interesting fact that when­ defendant, as the gentleman said, who.is against Hoffa in a Federal district court ever leaders in a .government desire to in certain quarters unpopular, and may­ in Florida. The original indictment was take over power which they should not be deservedly so, perhaps an inJustice is dismissed on July 12, 1961, and a second have, especially in the matter of prosecu­ being done him. indictment was returned on October 11, tion, they first proceed against a person If · these facts are true, then certainly 1961. Many motions have been made who is unpopular. I fear that this. is the Government is in the position of before that court. A pretrial conference what is happening today. But we must following a course of conduct which was held and the case scheduled for trial keep ever before us the fact that if our places an individual's liberty in jeopardy on October 15, 1962. Attorneys on each Government proceeds with unfair prac­ under· our laws. May I ask the· gentle­ side of the case have examined many, tices to indict and convict James Hoffa, man, it would come pretty close to being many thousands of exhibits. The offi­ they can use this same unfair practice actually harassment in this instance? cials of the Justice Department and of to attack any of the rest of us. . Mr. BRAY. It apparently is. the Post Office Department have been If our Government is to remain the Mr. ROOSEVELT. Then I will say to very active in the investigation of this sacred depository of our freedoms, we the gentleman I must agree with him. I case. must protect the rights of those we do have taken the unpopular side of many Another indictment was returned not like with the same zeal that we pro­ cases, as the gentleman well knows. I against Hoffa and Commercial Carriers, tect the rights of those whom we love. will be glad, of course, to consider any Inc., in the Federal district court in Mr. ADAIR. Mr. Speaker, will the evidence on the part of the Government Nashville, Tenn., on May 18, 1962. A gentleman yield? which would justify pressing so hard at hearing was held before a Federal dis­ Mr. BRAY. I yield. this time and ignoring the Tampa in­ trict judge of this court on August 1, Mr. AD.AIR. Certainly it is basic to dictment to proceed with the other mat­ 1962, and at that time the Government Anglo-Saxon jurisprudence that every ters which the gentleman has brought insisted on an early trial of this case in man when accused of a crime has the out. I have riot been able to find, and October on the grounds that the case in right to adequate representation prop­ again I will ask the gentleman whether Florida would be removed from the erly prepared by well-trained lawyers; he knows, of any instance which would docket. I understand that the defense and he is entitled further, as the gentle­ justify the Government's action in this attorneys- had no knowledge that this man from Indiana so well points out, to case? case was to be removed from the docket be tried under established rules of pro­ . Mr. BRAY. I know of none. I heard in Florida and apparently neither did the cedure and evidence. It is important about this matter a short time ago, and Federal judge before the case was set that these rules, these procedures, and while I have not done any research in the for trial. these laws be applied equally to all men. matter, it did seem unusual, after I un­ Apparently the district attorney had I commend the gentleman for bringing derstand thousands of exhibits have information which the others did not this basic matter to our attention this been examined, and pretrial conferences have, for on August 6, 1962, Chief Justice afternoon. held, with both sides working and both Simpson in the southern district of Flor­ Mr. BRAY. I thank the gentlemen sides ready, to take the action that has ida removed all cases from the docket in and yield to the gentleman from Cali­ been taken is not justifiable. It is very that district which were scheduled to be fornia. easy for a prosecuting attorney and the tried before October 2 but which would Mr. ROOSEVELT. Mr. Speaker, I Attorney General to become very am­ not be completed before October 28. One certainly agree with what the gentleman bitious, but that ambition must be of the reasons given for removing this from Indiana has said as to the basic purged, because if you have in the courts case from the docket was that a new dis­ principles which he has so clearly set tried one man unfairly, that can spread trict had been created in Florida. forth. to someone else. Title 18, section 3240 of the United There certainly seems to be something Mr. ROOSEVELT. Is it not true that States Code Annotated, reads as follows: patently unfair about charging an in­ in the case that is being made in Nash­ Whenever any new district or division is dividual, causing him to expend large ville it is based upon facts which were established, or any county or territory is sums of money in preparation for trial studied by a committee of the House transferred from one district or division to on a day certain, as I understand it, a some 10 years ago and subsequently by another district or division, prosecution for day certain was set at least a year ago-­ a committee of the other body, and fol­ offenses committed within such district, di­ and then delaying such trial in order to lowing those investigations previous At­ vision, county, or territory, prior to such permit a second indictment to take torneys General have refused to proceed transfer, shall be commenced and be pro­ precedence. ceeded with the same as if such new district in the basic matters which are here in­ or division had not been created, or such I would ask the gentleman if I am not volved? county or territory had not been transferred correct in my understanding that the Mr. BRAY. I did not mention this, but unless the court, upon application of the de­ case in Tampa, Fla., where the person it was brought about from investigations fendant, shall order the case to be moved to involved was originally indicted is ready of 10 years or more ago. Whether it was the new district or divlsion for trial. at the present time, and the defense is brought to the attention of the prosecut­ There have been arguments raised ready, and that there is no request on ing attorneys of the District, I do not that this second indictment in Tennessee the part of the defense for any post­ know. I assume it was, but all of these should not have been returned in that ponement. years have elapsed, and again the matter State, but I have rio comment to make Mr. BRAY. There has been no re­ is being brought up. on that, for I assume that this matter quest for postponement; in fact there Mr. ROOSEVELT. I hope the· Attor­ will be adequately disposed of. But I do has been insistence that the trial be car­ ney General will find out and review the want to point out that the Government ried through. discussion here this afternoon. in its prosecution of James Hoffa should Mr. ROOSEVELT. Does it not mean Mr. PELLY. Mr. Speaker, will the proceed with the same fairness th.at it that the defendant in this instance is in gentleman yield? proceeds against anyone else. the position of finding himself forced by Mr. BRAY. I yield to the gentleman the Government to have spent thousands from Washington. · It is easy to demand fairness and jus­ of hours and many thousands of dollars Mr. PELLY. Mr. Speaker, I have been tice for a per.son who is 13opular. It is in examining hundreds of thousands of sitting quietly in this Chamber Ustening not so easy to go against public opinion exhibits and doing research work, inter­ to the colloquy between the gentleman and defend the rights of the unpopular. viewing witnesses, pretrial conferences, from California and the gentleman from We are often remiss and I fear that in and so forth, all of which have taken Indiana. this case the Government is remiss in place and now must be held in abeyance It occurs to me, Mr. Speaker, speak­ resorting to unfairness against a person until the case in Nashville is completed; ing personally, that here is a case where who is not popular. I am not comment­ is that correct? I am called upon to fulfill my sworn duty ing on the reasons for the present ,un­ Mr. BRAY. That is correct. to uphold and def.end the Constitution of popularity of James Hoffa. I do know Mr. ROOSEVELT. I agree again the United States. that there has been the strongest con­ with the gentleman, we are not trying The remarks of the gentleman from certed attempt made to convict this man to decide the merits of either indictment, Indiana [Mr. BRI\Y]-with reference to 19958 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE September 19 double standards of law enforcement-­ Hoffa case. It is indeed true that the sixth amendment, that the criminal trial have impelled me to stand up and remind test of liberty is often one that involves shall be before an impartial jury of the myself and my colleagues of this House someone who is unpopular and, as the State and district wherein the crime that this week the Congress and the gentleman from California [Mr. RoosE­ shall have been committed. American people are observing Constitu­ VELTJ said, possibly deservedly so. When Construing these provisions the Su­ tion Week. I remind myself that it is prejudice is rampant and, I might add, preme Court has said in the case of the Constitution which guarantees each when fear has been built up, liberty is Travis v. United States (364 U.S. 631): citizen, including such unpopular citi­ in danger. I think it is quite appropriate The venue provisions in Acts of Congress zens as Jimmy Hoff a, equal justice under that this special order should have come should not be so freely construed as to give the law. The issue raised here is that today after we had on the floor of the the Government the choice of a "tribunal presently, under the policy of the At­ House two other procedural matters in favorable to it." torney General of the United States, the name of national security, and this From the points that the gentleman there is a violation of the Constitution Congress refused to look beneath the has been making and the points that I which guarantees equal protection under label in one of the bills to determine have observed of the switching around of the law. As I understand the charge whether we were protecting security to jurisdictions, I am led to only one con­ leveled here today, it is that the policy the extent that we well might and at clusion, that the Government, the At­ of the Department of Justice is such that the same time preserving basic personal torney General, has been engaging in a double standard is being followed. liberties. both "forum shopping" and "forum Mr. Speaker, if this be true, none of I took the floor of the House, as the juggling" and the defendant is being de­ us is secure in our liberties. The target gentleman from Indiana has pointed nied an opportunity of a speedy and im­ of the politically ambitious prosecutor out, I believe it was last year or possibly partial trial. may be-and I take it from what is said, the year before, when this news maga­ I think we well might ask ourselves, is-one Jimmy Hoff a. Tomorrow that zine quoted, whether rightly or wrongly, and I hope there will be this investiga­ target could be a member of an unpopu­ the Attorney General as referring to the tion by the Judiciary Committee, as to lar minority, or, indeed, the target could lawyers of the Teamsters Union as legal why the Government has decided that be a member of an opposite political prostitutes. At the time the American they want to push the matter in Nash­ party. Bar Association was meeting here. I ville, Tenn. I might state that this has Mr. Speaker, under this administration called upon the labor section of the been brought to my attention, I have not there has been pressure and it is generally American Bar Association to whom a verified it, but it is something the Judi­ known that Members of the Congress protest had been presented, and rightly ciary Committee should look into, that have been threatened with reprisals if so by the Teamsters Union, of unethical Nashville, Tenn., is dominated by a news­ thet failed to get in line. conduct on the part of the man who paper, the publisher of which is a for­ Under this administration and under later became Attorney General, to urge mer aid of the Attorney General. This this Attorney General, we know that that they should move forward in this newspaper, it has been alleged, has sr..tu­ newspaper reporters have been awakened matter. I am happy that the Attorney rated the Nashville area with anti-Hoffa by a knock at the door at 3 o'clock in General denied he made these remarks. and anti-Teamster bias. Nashville, the morning on orders from the Attorney I was careful in the way I made my Tenn., is one of the major right-to-work General. statement. I said "a statement as that centers of a right-to-work State, which What I fear is that a teamster law­ attributed to Robert Kennedy," but I is their right, of course. But also it in­ enforcement policy of today, even though note in his denial of having made the dicates that there is the likelihood of not Mr. Hoffa is the subject of such prejudice statement he compounds and commits finding there a jury free of antilabor and discrimination, might well be sup­ the unethical and libelous conduct on bias, let alone anti-Hoffa bias, under plemented by a special brand of law his part. He said he was not talking these circumstances. enforcement tomorrow, leveled at another about the labor lawyers of the Team­ It is these questions that among others group, or individual, in our society. sters Union, but the criminal attorneys, I think need to be gone into. This approach, as I see it, by the At­ and went on to say that they were the The basis of venue in Nashville, Tenn., torney General in the Hoff a case em­ legal prostitutes. My remarks at the as nearly as I have been able to deter­ ploys in an arbitrary fashion the un­ time were to the effect that it is dif­ mine is on points of extreme technical­ limited power of Government in violation ficult enough to keep impressed upon ity. I think the Judiciary Committee of the constitutional guarantees of the the American people the importance to should look into the question, of whether rights of the individual-the very es­ our personal liberty, of the principle that there has been both "forum shopping" sence of totalitarianism. Such a hound­ good lawyers should represent people and "forum juggling" and whether per­ ing by the police and prosecutor has all and groups accused even of the most haps we need to amend the laws to make the earmarks of a police state. Is this reprehensible crimes, without members it very clear that this kind of operation America? of the bar undermining this important is contrary to our laws, so that the At­ Mr. Speaker, as for me, I must say that concept by ill-considered public state­ torney General, whoever he may be, does I feel compelled to agree with Clarence ments. not engage in this kind of procedure Darrow, that great defender of individual This is only an illustration of the man­ which is prone to lead to miscarriage of rights, who once said: ner in which, apparently, the Attorney justice. . You can only protect your liberties in General of the United States is deter­ Mr. Speaker, again I commend the this world by protecting the other man's mined to prosecute an individual and a gentleman from Indiana. freedom. You can only be free if I am free. group-and indeed the word persecute Mr. MAGNUSON. Mr. Speaker, will Mr. Speaker, I would urge an investi­ could be used here. And this is no brief, the gentleman yield? gation by the House Committee on the I might say, for Jimmie Hoffa. I do not Mr. BRAY. I yield to the gentle­ Judiciary of the charges against the At­ know the man. Politically, Harold Gib­ man. torney General-that he is following a bons, the No. 2 man in the Teamsters Mr. MAGNUSON. As a newspaper­ double standard of law enforcement. Union is in my district; and there is no man who covered the courts for many Mr. Speaker, I thank the gentleman group in my district that has been more years, I developed great pride in the for yielding. active to defeat me the first time I ran fierceness with which our system of ju­ Mr. CURTIS of Missouri. Mr. Speak­ for office and every time I have run risprudence protects the rights of the er, will the gentleman yield? since. So I would be the last person to defendant. Mr. BRAY. I yield to the gentleman take the floor, if it were from the stand­ It seems to me that in the present in­ from Missouri. point of wishing well to my political op­ stance, as the gentleman from Missouri Mr. CURTIS of Missouri. I want to ponents. But these issues are deep. [Mr. CURTIS] has just said, the Gov­ join my other colleagues in commending Mr. Speaker, I want to refer to article ernment is engaged in both "forum shop­ the gentleman from Indiana [Mr. BRAY], III, section 2 of the Constitution, which ping" and "forum juggling," and the de­ for taking this time to call attention provides that criminal trials shall be held fendant is being denied an opportunity to not just the Members of the House in the State where the said crime shall of a speedy and impartial trial. but to others throughout the country have been committed; a safeguard which When I voted to create a new judicial t~e serious implications involved in the is reinforced by the command of the. district in Florida, I thought I was cast- 1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 19959 ing my vote to expedite, not to delay. thoroughly engraved in our system of jectionable, we have always stood ready cases pending in the Southern District jurisprudence since the days of Magna to assure and demand fair and equal of Florida. Carta. justice for everyone. Today, however, On August 20 last, the Tampa news­ Why is it "overreaching" and jug­ there appears to be developing an un­ paper headline read as follows: "Gov­ gling the schedules of cases-an exclusive wholesome tendency to wink at the pro­ ernment Wins Delay in Hoffa Case." function of the courts under our system cedural safeguards which have been long This delay resulted from the Govern­ of separation of powers-in order to try established in our society. Albeit these ment's opposition to the defendant's pe­ the case in Nashville now? aberrant tactics may be employed in the tition demanding to be tried on October Regardless of the merits of the case, sincere effort to stamp out syndicated 1 in Tampa. it is not proper for the prosecutor to crime-a cause for which we all extend Even more interesting is the fact that shop around for a court in which the our total support-that is no excuse for the Government apparently sought this chances of a fair trial are minimal. In riding roughshod over the rights of in­ delay because it preferred to proceed fact, the courts have suggested that a dividual citizens. In fact, the greater with the case in Nashville even though defendant may not be tried where the the war on crime, the more exacting the the Tampa indictment was returned a hostility of the community has been en­ law-enforcement arm of the Government year before the Nashville indictment. gendered by the Government's acts. must be to protect the innocent and to Obviously the Government feels it has The prosecutor has a responsibility, treat fairly those suspected of guilt. a better chance of sending Hoffa to jail in the interest of a fair and impartial This is not mollycoddling, this is justice in the Nashville case. trial, to lean over backward in sec·t1ring according to law. I have been greatly concerned with the the defendant's rights. Yet in spite of this time-honored tra­ Government's policy of "forum shop­ Mr. MOORE. Mr. Speaker, will the dition of ours, there has come to my at­ ping" in this or any other case. The gentleman yield? tention in the past few years a number Government has transported thousands Mr. BRAY. I yield to the gentleman of instances where the judicial system of documents into Nashville and then from West Virginia. was being used more as a weapon than proceeds to seek to justify jurisdiction Mr. MOORE. Mr. Speaker, I should as an equally balanced scale. of the Nashville court on this basis. like to compliment the gentleman from In particular, I have in mind a series It would appear that in the interest Indiana for the statement he has made of indictments which have been served of f aimess the records should have re­ today and also my colleagues who have in the States of Florida and Tennessee mained where the business is located, expressed themselves on the situation during the past 2 years against the same where the defendant resides, where al­ the gentleman has brought before the defendant. As the drama unfolded, an most all the witnesses reside, and where House. As a member of the Committee indictment was issued in a Federal dis­ most of the alleged overt acts occurred. on the Judiciary, I certainly am well trict court in Florida in December 1960. The Government has been able to pro­ aware of the situation that is involved For reasons not now relevant, the in­ duce only three highly technical acts to in the cases in Florida and Tennessee. dictment was dismissed. Shortly there­ justify trying the case in Nashville. Ac­ I assure the Members who participate after, in October 1961, a second indict­ cording to the indictment, the only acts in this colloquy this afternoon, that in ment was again issued and in the same that took place in the middle district of voting to create a new judicial district district of Florida. After initial legal Tennessee were: filing of the charter in in Florida it was the farthest thing from fencing was dispensed with, a definite 1959; amendment to the charter in 1953; our minds in committee that we would trial date was set for October 1962. In filing of an excise tax return. put in the hands of the Attorney Gen­ the meantime, however, another indict­ These acts, which are purely legalistic eral a weapon he could use to trample ment, based upon a different set of cir­ and are performed not only all over the on the individual liberties of any party cumstances, was obtained against the country for corporations which are in­ in any particular case. same defendant in a Federal court in corporated in States other than -:;hose We talk about the fact that this is a Tennessee. in which they do business, that is, Dela­ case where the Department of Justice From this point on, the plot thick­ ware, et cetera, but all over the world, has been shopping around for a forum. ens, but the basis for action grows hazy. have never been considered as anything Under section 3240, title 18, of the United What appears to have occurred is that more than purely formal legal jurisdic­ States Code, a case such as this that has the outcome of the trial in Florida be­ tional matters. been initiated in one district cannot be gan to cause worries within the Depart­ On the other hand, we find that all of transferred to a newly created district ment of Justice, while that in Tennessee the substantive acts occurred or exist in unless the defendant himself consents. radiated greater hope. Perhaps it was Detroit, Mich. Obviously the intent and purpose of even believed that an adverse decision As far back as the Magna Carta, this long-existent statute is to safeguard in Florida could have undermined the Anglo-Saxon justice required that the the rights of a defendant in a situation hoped for victory in Tennessee. For one defendant must be tried in the vicinity similar to that which has been called to reason or another, therefore, the deci­ where the alleged offense was com­ our attention today. sion was obviously made within the De­ mitted. This was a basic protection Mr. Speaker, the example which has partment, as will be seen below, to against the despot dragging the defend­ been cited by those who have joined in remove from the docket the Florida ant for trial from the scene of an alleged this discussion is but one instance, and case and pursue alone the Tennessee crime, where he could be judged by I am sure there are many other instances indictment. members of the community, to a hostile that could be documented; yet, it is suffi­ At this point, it may be asked, what or unfriendly jurisdiction. ciently disturbing, I believe, to warrant this all has to do with justice, equity, Our fore bears fought the American the inquiry of the Committee on the and fair play. The answer is that forum Revolution against such tactics by the Judiciary. If public prosecutors, regard­ shopping may be an accepted practice British crown. For this reason, we have less who they might be, can ensnare of a prosecutor prior to the institution article III, section 2, of the Constitution, citizens into spending small fortunes on of legal proceedings. But, to promul­ which was quoted by the gentleman defending indictments only to make the gate on-again-off-again tactics is repre­ from Missouri, which provides that crim­ indictment disappear without formal ac­ hensible. As a defendant, you would inal trials "shall be held in the State tion being taken, it is even more repre­ have to expend time and money prepar­ where the said crimes shall have been hensible for the Federal courts to be ing for a case in one jurisdiction only committed," a safeguard reinforced by willing to lend assistance to this type of to discover that that was only a feint the command of the sixth amendment, pettifogging; then there is little hope and that the actual prosecution actually which states that the criminal trial shall for individual liberty. will transpire in another district. For be before an impartial jury of the State The misuse of power by the public all one knows, this could be carried on and district wherein the crime shall have prosecutor is as old as civilization and indefinitely. been committed. as new as the morning newspaper. In Without going into great detail in my I cannot but wonder whether Hoffa's this country of ours, however, we have present example the defendant con­ constitutional rights are not being dis­ always gone about our daily business tended with numerous motions before regarded. I wonder if the Government under the secure belief that such misuse the Florida court, he participated in a is not playing fast and loose with basic could not occur or be long tolerated. detailed pretrial conference. Attorneys principles of fairness and equity Whether the cause be attrac"tive or ob:. for the defendant devoted large periods 19960 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE September 19 of time in preparing for the trial. This fendant had been so inconvenienced, the to our attention. It is in the best Amer­ involved not only gathering material but judge ma:r have denied such a motion. ican tradition. examining exhibits and interviewing Even if he had not denied it, bad pub­ Mr. MAcGREGOR. Mr. Speaker, I ask witnesses. Needless to say, thousands licity could have resulted. But if he unanimous consent to extend my remarks and thousands of dollars were spent by did deny, bad publicity could have been in the RECORD following the remarks the defendant in this endeavor to jus­ assured along with the possibility of a made by Mr. MOORE. tify innocence. No one knows how many Government defeat at trial. Finally, a The SPEAKER. Is there objection additional thousands were paid out by dramatized false step in Florida could to the request of the gentleman from the Government prosecutor. have generated repercussions in Tennes­ Minnesota? Yet, in one fell swoop, this was all cast see. Thus, without this fateful creation There was no objection. aside. How can this be, one may ask. of the new Florida district, justice as Mr. MACGREGOR. Mr. Speaker, as Of course, there is no question that the administered by the Department of Jus­ a member of the House Committee on public prosecutor can move to dismiss tice could have faltered embarrassingly. the Judiciary, I am concerned that the an indictment. It is regularly done and Here is how the new act was well Department of Justice has used a new for good cause. But it must be recog­ used. Following the presumed confer­ act of the Congress to gain a tactical nized that good cause must be part and ences between July 20 and July 30, a advantage over a defendant in a manner parcel of such a motion. The Federal special assistant to the Attorney Gen­ apparently contrary to law. When the judge hearing such a motion may well eral appeared in the Tennessee court on Congress this summer created a new demand reasons for granting the motion August 1, 1962. In this appearance, the judicial district, the middle district of and is well justified in turning it down Justice Department lawyer urged the Florida, a criminal action was pending if he believes the proceedings are. too far Federal court in Tennessee to set an in that State. A second criminal action advanced or if he suspects that the pros­ early trial date in October since the case was pending in Tennessee involving the ecutor has ulterior motives for making in Florida would be removed from the same defendant. The Florida action the motion. docket. Keep in mind that this Au­ was scheduled to be tried first. It was undoubtedly with this in mind, gust 1 appearance was but 1 day after then, that the Department of Justice en­ the President had signed the bill creating The applicable law seemed to be clear; gineered a most ingenious coup under our the new Florida district, and preceded title 18, United Stats Code, section 3240 present example-the effect of which was any knowledge of such action by the de­ provides: to have the Florida case dismissed with­ fendants since the Florida court had Wherever any new district or division is established • • • prosecutions for offenses out the trial judge's concurrence and taken no action to raise such notice. committed within such district • • • shall thereby inducing the Tennessee court to Yet, on August 6, just 5 days later, the be commenced and proceeded with the same move more hastily. What apparently chief judge in the· southern district of as if such new district or division had not occurred was that the Department Florida entered an order removing all been created • • • unless the court upon learned that Congress intended to create cases from the docket that were sched­ the application of the defendant shall order a new judicial district in Florida. In uled to be tried after October 2, but not the case to be removed to the new district turn, this new district would be created to be completed prior to October '28. or division for trlal. out of certain counties theretofore at­ Conveniently, but not surprisingly, this The defendant named above has made tached to the southern district where happened to include the case of our pres­ no such application, but I understand our defendant was facing trial. ent defendant whose trial was scheduled the Department of Justice has now so Under existing law, however-section to begin on October 15. juggled matters that the Tennessee ac­ 3240 of title 1'8, United States Code-a The conclusion from all this is in­ tion will be reached for trial before that case that has been initiated in one dis­ escapable. 'The Department maneuvered pending in Florida. The Attorney Gen­ trict cannot be transferred to a newly a beautiful end run through an arrange­ eral has taken advantage of our creation created district unless the defendant ment between the Department and the of a new district to reverse the orderly consents. Obviously the intent and pur­ chief judge of the circuit. The district course of justice. He owes the Commit­ pose of this long existent statute was to judge in Florida was bypassed, a case tee on the Judiciary, and the Congress safeguard the rights of a defendant in a whose conclusion could have been em­ an .explanation. situation similar to our example. Once barrassing was chloroformed, the action Mr. SCHWENGEL. Mr. Speaker, I ask litigation has begun, a defendant was not in Tennessee was given a green light. unanimous consent to extend my remarks to be shunted around like a freight car And, yet, no motions were made to dis­ following the remarks made by Mr. in a railroad yard. A speedy trial, the miss, no refusals to dismiss were pro­ orderly administration of justice, and mulgated, no cases were lost and no MACGREGOR. fairness were the basis for the statute newspaper headlines were forthcoming. The SPEAKER. Is there objection and these have been rigidly enforced Harry Houdini could not have perfarmed to the request of the gentleman from through subsequent court decisions. better in his heyday. The fact that no Iowa? But, here is where the Department administrative necessity has been shown There was no objection. turned in some fancy legerdemain-pull­ for the chief judge's action; the fact Mr. SCHWENGEL. I compliment the ing the rabbit out of the hat, so to speak. that 'existing law directs that cases gentleman from Indiana who is leading It was undoubtedly recognized by the pending in a district be continued when the discussion that involves basic prin­ astute lawyers at the Department of a new district ts created; and the fact ciples of law. Justice that although the bill creating that justice, equity, and fairness compel Mr. Speaker, the passing of impartial the new Florida district was passed on the continuation of our defendant's case laws to apply equally and fairly to every July 20, 1962, and that the President in Florida appear to carry little weight citizen of the United States is the sole would undoubtedly sign it a short time with the administration of justice today. ultimate purpose of the Congress of the thereafter, as he did on July 30, never­ This example which I have cited is United States. theless the act itself would not become but one, I'm sure, of many that could be Whenever we legislate on matters that effective until 90 days after the enact­ documented from recent experience. deal with the courts or in any way to ment. Therefore, in piecing the mystery Yet, it is a sufficiently disturbing exam­ knowingly pass laws that can or will together, the Department attorneys un­ ple to warrant the query as to where we influence the outcome of a trial we are doubtedly put their heads together some­ are headed in this country. If public ourselves violating the basic principle time between July 20 and July 30 and prosecutors can ensnare citizens into and the accepted principle of law that concluded that this 90-day delay in spending small fortunes in defending 'in­ has become almost sacred. effectuating the act was a miraculous dictments only to make the indictment Mr. Speaker, because I have privately legislative gift which would get them off disappear without formal action being and publicly on preVious occasions the hook in Florida without disturbing taken and if Federal courts will lend as­ spoken about the inadequacies and poor their Tennessee proceedings. sistance to this type of pettJ.-fogging, judgment and apparent lack of under­ Without it. they would have faced the then there 1s little hope that individual standing of both good public policy and need to explain to the Federal judge liberty and justice under law will survive the responsibility of his job that prevails the reasons for ..seeking to dismiss the as we have long understood those terms. in the Attorney General's t>fflce, I should indictment before him. Since the legal I again congratulate the gentleman extend for the record some additional proceedings had gone so far and the de- from Indiana for bringing the matter information that gives proof to the be- 1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 19961 lief that many have regarding our pres­ these very important facts with refer­ Cuba's missile launching sites can be ent Attorney General and that is, he is ence to the liberties of certain people intended only for the installation of So­ not the best qualified man in the United in this country. viet nuclear missiles zeroed in on the States for the most responsible law en­ United States. forcement office in the world. For it was This nuclear weapons complex, based this same Attorney General who has THIS NATION IN STATE OF DffiE in Cuba, will have the capability of de­ re.!ommended that we pass some wire­ DISTRESS AND EXTREME DANGER stroying this Nation and its people. We tapping laws and based upon his testi­ The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. Lr­ are cravenly delivering, to Khrushchev mony these laws, if passed, would go far BONATI) . Under previous order of the in Moscow, another alternative weapon beyond any legitimate need and in my House, the gentleman from New York for blackmail. opinion would be in violation of the [Mr. PILLION] is recognized for 60 min­ Mr. Speaker, let us recall that Castro natural private rights and personal in­ utes. did not take over Cuba. Khrushchev vasion of the sanctity of the home, the Mr. PILLION. Mr. Speaker, I take did not take over Castro and Cuba. like of which we have never seen before this occasion to solemnly warn the Presi­ Pro-Castro segments of our press, anc! in America. It evidences a trend in this dent of the United States, the Members the television networks, can take the dis­ administration and in his Office that is of this Congress, and our 186 million citi­ credit for misguiding public opinion and undesirable and inconsistent with Amer­ zens, that this Nation is in a state of dire pressuring the State Department into ica's established and proven traditions distress and extreme danger. the chain of events which created today's on personal rights. The Soviet-Communist forces are Cuban crisis. This is also the Attorney General who pounding this Nation with a succession Members of Congress, our Central In­ on April 13 shocked America when at his of political and military power blows telligence Agency, our State Depart­ executive order had some people from around the world. ment, other governmental agencies, all his Department in the early morning Our national and international policies contributed to the Castro-Communist hours in Philadelphia knocking at the are tragically inept, inadequate, and in­ takeover. doors of American citizens. It turns out effective to stem or to even slow down In essence, it was failure of our for­ that these knockers were Federal police the Soviet-Communist drive to destroy eign policy, the malfunctioning of our acting without the knowledge of their us. foreign-policy-making machinery, and immediate superior, without writs or The magnitude of the present and the incompetence of our officials, under warrants, with no claim of wrongdoing potential dangers posed by the Soviet­ the Eisenhower administration, that de­ against the citizens, investigators with Cuban military and nuclear buildup can­ livered Cuba to Castro. no questions to ask that could not have not be hidden by the devious excuses of All of this Nation's foreign policy been better asked in the morning and the State Department or by artful soph­ blunderings, under the Eisenhower ad­ with no right constitutionally or other­ istry from the administration. ministration, have been repeated and wise. It turns out that apparently they In order to intelligently and effectively compounded under the Kennedy admin­ had a personal mandate from the Na­ contend with the threat of Cuba, we must istration. tion's highest enforcement officer-the recognize that Cuba is only the spear­ In all the world's history there has Attorney General of the United States, head of the Soviet-Communist drive to never been a more ill-conceived, mis­ a servant and not the master of the take over every Central and South Amer­ planned, and pitifully executed military sleeper and frightened citizen and one ican country. We must further recog­ abortion than our Cuban invasion of who took an oath to support and not vio­ nize that the Soviet campaign for Latin April 17, 1961. One thousand two hun­ late the laws of the United States. We America is only one phase of the Soviet­ dred innocent youngsters were sacrificed are told that in New York a similar event Communist total world civil war. in this Bay of Pigs debacle. took :glace. Cuba cannot be viewed or treated This was a military operation for the Mr. Speaker, the implication of this merely as an isolated source of danger. attainment of a political objective. It type of occurrence is a frightening thing Cuba is not a Cuban problem. It is a was turned over for execution to a dis­ to happen in America and we need to be Soviet problem we are dealing with. jointed, uncoordinated combination of alerted to its consequences. The strategic, economic, and political State Department, CIA, and White There are other things that need to be decisions directing Cuba's actions are House dilettantes. noted in this Office that involve the basic made by Khrushchev in Moscow, and not Our tragic policies, aimed to soothe and accepted procedures of law and the by Castro in Havana. the Soviet, involved Khrushchev's take­ conduct of this enforcement officer and Cuba constitutes a Khrushchev jugular over of both Castro and Cuba. This about which much has already been said, attack upon the United States. Today, Government's failure to act practically Cuba is a formidable Soviet military out­ assured Khrushchev of our noninter- but time and space does not permit. ference. · I cannot resist, however, from jocularly post. and seriously calling attention to an­ The Soviet has, under its command, At this late date Congress is about to other bit of evidence of poor judgment. in Cuba, as of now: first, two nuclear consider two resolutions relating to the The mistreatment of a dog by the name rocket and missile launching sites; Cuban crisis. of Brumas. Judging from newspaper re­ second, five naval bases; third, hundreds Now, I have the highest respect for ports the Attorney General imagines of Soviet fighter planes; fourth, thou­ every Member of this House. The spon­ that this friendly dog enjoys being stands of Czech and Soviet artillery sors of these resolutions are sincerely brought down to the office in violation pieces; fifth, thousands of Soviet tanks seeking a means to neutralize Soviet of law and there while important busi­ and motorized weapon carriers; and aggressions. ness of state goes on being led around sixth, 350,000 Soviet trained and But I respectfully submit · that these the halls by beautiful girls. Now, of equipped troops. resolutions do not realistically discharge course, there are people who would enjoy This arsenal is only the nucleus of our constitutional responsibility to pro­ this but we from Iowa know that dogs the Soviet military plans for Cuba. Un­ vide for the common defense of this would much rather be out in the open less this military buildup is arrested, Nation. country where they can enjoy the fresh now, Cuba will become a triple nuclear The first resolution would authorize air and be away from the dangers of threat to this Nation's survival. the President to call up 150,000 reserv­ heavy traffic and enclosures which would Within 6 months to a year, the Soviet ists. be for a dog an unhealthy atmosphere. will be using Cuba's naval bases for Under the previous authorization of hiding its nuclear launching subma­ And if one's own children are not avail­ August 1961, 150,000 reservists were rines. These Russian submarines are recalled to active duty. able there are always children in the capable of destroying just about every neighborhood who would enjoy being This last callup did not prevent the coastal city in the United States. surrender of Laos to a Communist coali­ asked to play with a friendly dog like Cuba's airfields, inevitably, will be tion government. It did not end the this dog must be. utilized for Soviet aircraft, carrying nu­ Communist guerrilla war in South Viet­ Mr. MILLIKEN. Mr. Speaker, I com­ clear bombs. These bombers could drop nam. It did not slow up the Soviet­ mend the gentleman from Indiana for nuclear bombs anyWhere in the United Communist successes anywhere in the bringing to the attention of the House States. world. 19962 CONGRESSIONAL ·RECORD - HOUSE September 19 No American can seriously accept the in a 30-year series of disastrous defeats that and say.that our "no win" policy in conclusion that a new callup will in any resulting from our tragic misconcep­ my estimation began when we failed to way disrupt or delay the completion of tions and misjudgments of the Soviet­ cross the Elbe River into Germany and the Soviet nuclear arsenal in Cuba. Communist purposes ·and strategies. permitted the division of Germany in Mr. Speaker, the second proposal Latvia, Poland, Red China, East Ger­ Berlin. This was followed up when we would authorize the President, in his many, North Vietnam, Cuba, and Laos failed to cross the Yalu River and sole discretion, to prevent the Castro re­ are chronological examples of our destroy the Russian and Chinese arma­ gime from exporting its aggressive pur­ foreign policy failures. They extend ments in that area. It occurred again poses and to prevent in Cuba, the crea­ over the administrations of Presidents when we failed to support the Cuban tion of an externally supported offensive Roosevelt, Truman, Eisenhower, and invasion, and was followed up when we military base capable of endangering the Kennedy. failed to destroy the wall in Berlin. United States. Mr. O'KONSKI. Mr. Speaker, will the Mr. Speaker, there is no doubt that I would like to emphasize that the gentleman yield? at that time we had the power to destroy Soviet nuclear base in Cuba is not being Mr. PILLION. I yield to the gentle­ th~t wall. We had the power to remove constructed to export aggressive pur­ man from Wisconsin. Castro. We further had the power in poses. Mr. O'KONSKI. I wish to commend 1948 by armed force to open Berlin, It is not being constructed as a base the gentleman from New York for talking rather than to put on a world show from which to launch conventional mili­ on this very important subject. Frank­ through a stupendous airlift which cost tary attacks against other Latin Amer­ ly, I feel, as does the gentleman from millions of dollars, and which did not ican nations. New York, that this is the most impor­ settle anything. It is directed wholly and solely toward tant and most dangerous thing facing us There were those in the military who squeezing this tion into a choice be­ in the world today. wanted to move into Berlin and enforce tween thenn,i.»i; clear destruction, or a Mr. PILLION. There is no question our rights there by a chain of tanks. blackmail surrender. about it. That would have stopped the encroach­ The language of this resolution is Mr. O'KONSKI. The tragedy of it is, ment of communism. But we have come vague and indecisive. and the laughing stock that we must be to a point where we are afraid to make It fails to support the Monroe Doc­ all over the world, is this fact: I do not any move for fear it will create a coun­ trine. In fact, it legitimatizes a foreign know if the gentleman from New York termove, which would create another Soviet base in Cuba. is aware of it or not, but just a few days countermove. That is now being de­ It fails to clearly define for Khrush­ ago a Yugoslavian ship came into the scribed by the Pentagon and the State chev and Castro the limits of Soviet mili­ port of Cuba, loaded with Soviet, Czecho­ Department as escalation. In other tary power that this Nation will tolerate slovak, and Communist arms. They words, we start with a fist fight, we go in Cuba. into an armaments fight, then we go to It fails to unmistakably state this unloaded that cargo of arms from the Communist countries in Cuba. the fear of a holocaust by nuclear weap­ Nation's determination to prevent the ons. It is that fear that has destroyed completion of any and all types of nu­ That same ship is now on the way to us in the eyes of the world, when we clear missile bases in Cuba. Houston, Tex., where, under Public Law should have respect rather than popu­ The weakness of this resolution and 480, it is going to pick up grain which we larity. the defensive pronouncements of Presi­ gave to Yugoslavia as a gift. We are It is time, as I say, to take a stand. dent Kennedy do not truly reflect the paying the cost of the transportation for If we are going to be destroyed, let us strength and the determination of the it. In other words, the United States of be destroyed as honorable men rather American people. America is actually paying for the trans­ than to be put in the chains of slavery; This resolution a..ctually invites Khru­ portation of Communist arms from whether those chains are made of gold or shchev to speed up his missile bases in Czechoslovakia and Russia to Cuba and of steel, they are still onerous and they Cuba. then picking up grain under Public Law are not what I want for my grand­ Mr. Speaker, this Nation is now in 480, wherein we foot the bill. In other children. its · most critical and dangerous phase words, we are actually in a position Following up what the gentleman of the Soviet-Communist total war. where we are financing our own destruc­ from Wisconsin [Mr. O'KoNsKI] said, A Soviet-controlled nuclear arsenal~ tion on the Cuban island. it has come to our attention that within based only 90 miles away in Cuba, and Mr. PILLION. I agree with the gen­ the last week or two great Russian air­ aimed at the United States, demands tleman completely. It is evidence of the planes have been flying into Cuba by way that our people make a "now or never'' stupidity of our outlook so far as the of Gander, with the tacit consent of the decision for their survival. Communist war is concerned. You are administration and with the aid of the Mr. Speaker, I call upon this House right. We are paying for our own de­ Canadian Government, that furnished to adopt a resolution expressing the struction. We give foreign aid to these Russian-speaking crews to go over to sense of Congress in support of the fol­ Communist satellite countries who are Scotland and train the Russian pilots lowing proposals: united with the Soviets in a campaign to on the approach mechanism to Gander First. A Presidential proclamation destroy us, not to rule us, but to destroy and the exit from Gander. Those planes stating this Nation's unqualified deter­ us first~ They do not want to rule us have been flying armaments. and mili­ mination to prevent the completion of until.they first destroy our society. tary personnel and other types of tech­ any and all Soviet nuclear missile bases The comments of the gentleman from nicians into Cuba. If we do not take in Cuba. Wisconsin [Mr. O'KoNSKI] are very ap­ a stand now, if we just try to contain Second. A Presidential demand that propriate. The gentleman is completely communism in Cuba, we shall fail be­ the Cuban· Government take immediate right. That is the type of thinking and cause that is the springboard, as the steps to expel all foreign military troops. conception that we have in the State gentleman has said, for Latin America Third. Congressional authorization to Department that I am trying to awaken and all of South America. We cannot the President for a complete naval t.he people of this country to, so we can afford to try to brush this under the rug. blockade of Cuba against the entry of all bring about a reshaping of those policies To me it is an issue. When they say military supplies and equipment, a that are bringing about our downfall, this is a bipartisan matter, I say that it Presidential directive to the Department and with accelerated speed. I thank the cannot be a bipartisan matter. If it is of Defense calling for a worldwide alert gentleman for his comments. bipartisan, I have ~ot to put my stamp of of our forces and ordering specific Mr. UTT. Mr. Speaker, will the gen­ approval on the Cuban situation; I have preparation to carry out whatever acts tleman yield? got to put my stamp of approval on the may be required to completely secure Mr. PILLION. I yield to the gentle­ Laos situation; I have got to put my this Nation against any Soviet military man from California. stamp of approval on the Berlin wall. threat out of Cuba. Mr. UTT. Mr. Speaker, I thank the That I will not do. And I would be Mr. Speaker, Cuba is not a single, gentleman for yielding, and wish to com­ remiss in my duty as a Representative isolated crisis that confronts us. It is pliment the gentleman on his discussion of my district if I did not call the atten­ only one -skirmish in the Soviet­ this afternoon of the seriousness of the tion of my people to the dangers which Communist total war of disintegration Cuban situation and the mishandling of they are facing in this decade. and destruction. Cuba is another loss that situation. I shall go further than Mr. Speaker, I thank the gentleman. 1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 19963 Mr. PILLION. Mr. Speaker, I wish Mr. Khrushchev has expressed the lina [Mr. ALEXANDER] is recognized for to thank the gentleman for his appro­ same desire. 30 minutes. priate remarks. They are so relevant I respectfully disagree with General. Mr. ALEXANDER. Mr. Speaker, the to the one great issue that is facing this Eisenhower and President Kennedy. American people are gravely concerned country, and that is our survival. I agree We should contemptuously reject over the situation existing today in Cuba. with the views expressed by the gentle­ Khrushchev's devious effort to prevent The concern felt by our people over the man from California [Mr. UTT] com­ the American people from forcing a re­ Communist buildup is shared by free­ pletely. I agree with him that our versal of this country's foreign policies dom-loving people everywhere. foreign policies have failed to stem the that serve him so well. The President has wisely stated that tide, have failed even when we had com­ On the contrary, Mr. Speaker, there is the United States will not permit a Com­ plete military superiority up to the time only one issue that is of vital importance munist-dominated Cuba to become a of about 1953 or 1954, because we failed to our people. serious threat to the security of this to use that military superiority to attain That is the issue of freedom, survival, country. the political objective we should have and peace. It is my feeling, Mr. Speaker, that the attained in order to secure the future of I make only one qualification. These Congress should let the President know this country. Instead, we permitted the national aspirations and the foreign that it supports his efforts to preserve Soviet to extend her political control to policies necessary to retain them, should the peace and political integrity of this a point where today the matter of sur­ not be made partisan political issues. hemisphere. vival of this country is in very, very pre­ l respectfully suggest that every mem­ I have introduced a resolution, there­ carious balance. I wish publicly to ber of this Congress present to his or her fore, which declares that it is the sense acknowledge the fine efforts of the gen­ constituency the following questions of: of the Congress that the President tleman from California [Mr. UTT] in First. Whether or not this Nation is should take all necessary steps to im­ this great fight that we must make if losing the global war to the Soviet-Com­ plement the Monroe Doctrine with re­ we are to survive. munist forces. spect to the current situation in Cuba. The steady increase of Soviet-Com­ Second. Whether or not our present The Monroe Doctrine is as applicable munist world power and the correspond-· foreign policies are adequate for dealing today to the troubled situation in the ing decrease of the power of the free with the Soviet-Communist forces. Caribbean as it was when it was promul­ world can be accounted for only be­ Third. Whether or not the citizens of gated by President James Monroe on cause of policies that have lacked a this Nation are willing to make all neces­ December 2, 1823. Within the frame­ comprehension of the nature, the total­ sary sacrifices to build up an invincible work of that historic declaration the ity, the strategies, and the tactics of military superiority over the Soviet. President has ample precedent to deal Lenin's new form of. complete warfare. Fourth. Whether or not they favor a with communism in this hemisphere. Our foreign policies have failed to strong, coordinated, political, and mili­ It is my feeling that the Congress and meet the realities of world politics. Our tary program that will reverse the course the President should take a strong stand basic foreign policy concepts have re­ of this war. and that the United States should make mained unchanged for 30 years. Mr. Speaker, on June 12 of last year, I it abundantly clear that we have no in­ They have been defensive, self-decep­ introduced House Joint Resolution 447. tention of permitting a Communist tive, and self-defeating. This resolution cal!ed for a recognition threat to our security to exist in our The NATO alliance, the United by this Congress of the total war being backyard. Nations, international loans, foreign aid, waged against us by the Soviet-Commu­ I hope that the President will take disarmament, summit meetings, have nist conspiracy. immediate and positive action to imple.;. been major features of our foreign It called for action by the United ment the Monroe Doctrine. policy. They have all proven themselves States to counter the Soviet-Communist. to be figments of our own gullibility. war with a nonmilitary, political, ideo­ Our negotiations, our appeasements, logical, and economic offensive. INCOME TAX LEGISLATION our vacillations, have led us only down In March of this year, 6 months ago, The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under the road of retreat and surrender, bit I sent 150,000 questionnaires to my con­ previous order of the House, the gentle­ by bit. stituency. The following three questions man from New York [Mr. HALPERN] is Mr. Speaker, I have been saddened were based upon the concepts contained recognized for 10 minutes. and frightened by the confused, in House Joint Resolution 447. Mr. HALPERN. Mr. Speaker, again evasive, and capitulating pronounce­ I submit to you the tabulated answers I call the attention of this House to leg­ ments emanating from our Government. to these questions. islation I have introduced to provide an I do not, for 1 minute, expect this ad­ The first question was: "Do you believe exemption from income taxation of the ministration to reverse our disastrous that the Soviet-Communist forces are first $3,000 received by an individual as foreign policies. steadily winning their goals of weaken­ an annuity, pension, or other retirement Nor can we hope, that this Congress ing and destroying the free world?" benefit. will take appropriate action to reverse The tabulation of the answers was: On August 29, I explained to this this country's march to national suicide. "Yes," 5,401; "No," 1,179. House in detail the purpose of this leg­ Unless this country is able to reeval­ The second question was: "Do you islation. At that time I called for the uate, reshape. and reformulate its for-. believe that the first step in reversing support of the measure by my colleagues eign policies, the cause of freedom is lost. Communist gains is to recognize the and urged that the Ways and Means Communist organization, its pt.rposes, Committee give the bill its fullest atten­ Mr. Speaker, our policies with respect tion with the view of acting on it before to the Communist cancer cannot be re­ strategies, tactics, and weapons?" The answers were: "Yes," 5,213; "No," the current session adjourns. designed by the existing foreign policy I rise again today to reiterate this ap­ apparatus. They are too deeply lmbed­ 1,245. The third question was: "Would you peal. My bill, H.R. 6504, is a sensible ded in the fabric of our National Gov­ and reasonable approach to a serious ernment. support a united free world effort to neutralize and destroy the international problem. It corrects an existing inequity Only a national surge of political de­ in the tax law which currently exempts mands on the part of the people can Communist conspiracy by nonmilitary political means?" some retirement programs, partially ex­ bring about the needed reforms. empts others, and applies full taxation to, The impulse for a transformation from The answers were: "Yes," 5,426; "No," 386. still other annuities. weak and vacillating policies to strong, When an individual retires he usually firm, effective policies can only come Gentlemen, the future of this Nation is in your hands. must adjust to a substantially reduced from the electorate, the people of this income. With living costs what they are Nation. today, and the gradual decline in the Mr. Speaker, former President Eisen­ valuation of the dollar, the average per­ hower and President Kennedy have both CUBAN SITUATION son has considerable difficulty in building expressed their opinion that foreign pol­ The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. up even a small nest egg to provide re­ icy is not a proper topic for debate in LIBONATI). Under previous order of the serve funds during his later years of life. this year's political campaign. House, the gentleman from North Caro- Thus, faced with reduced income and J CVIII--1257 19964 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE September 19 larger outlays, an individual can ill afford tuted for the purpose of evading the Generally speaking, its good points exist in a further reduction in his income by Taft-Hartley procedure. The families theory only, whereas the practice clearly having to pay taxes on a small pension. of the workers who will be deprived of reveals the shortcomings. Existing results of the buildup of the Union of Soviet So­ As a result many workers who approach their income deserve more considera­ cialist Republics could hardly establish a the retirement age cannot see their way tion. The defense of our country de­ bright example to be followed. It makes no clear to retire. They often work beyond serves better, also. difference if a Socialist buildup is achieved the normal retirement age and thus are Whether the President will invoke the by brutality and guns or by deceit and guile. deprived of a few years free of the rigors Taft-Hartley provisions is clearly up to Professor Schlesinger does not differ with and anxieties of a full-tune job. That is him, but it appears that a devastating Marx and Lenin in aim, but in procedure and why I do not think it is fair that retired strike which could throw many thou­ tactics solely. To prevent the arrival of a individuals be required to pay income tax sands of people out of work and serious­ sudden and tough Marxism, he is recom­ mending the acceptance of a gentle and on a small, modest retirement income. ly delay our defense and space effort is gradual one. This bill is not establishing any new the alternative. I think the proper For that purpose, and in order to achieve principles. Actually, all it does is ask course is crystal clear and I hope the the subjugation of the American Nation's that all retirees be given a reasonable President takes it. mind, he and his ideological associates will exemption as currently accorded social have to use every adroit verbal acrobacy, dia­ security and railroad retirement annui­ lectical subtleties, humanitarian and melo­ tants. Its enactment would fulfill a DIALOG dramatic appeals and theoretical and semi­ Mr. MILLIKEN. Mr. Speaker, I ask truths-if you want to catch a bird, you cardinal principle of a fair tax system­ have to lure it. He knows very well that to that similarly situated individuals should unanimous consent that the gentleman influence people you do not ask them to be taxed similarly. How can anyone from Illinois [Mr. DERWIN3KI] may ex­ think, but rather, you plant thoughts in argue against this type of justice? That tend his remarks in the RECORD and in­ their minds. is why equity demands that we take clude extraneous matter. Preserving liberties under a Socialist build­ favorable action on H.R. 6504, the bill to The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there up is nothing but mere utopia. This fact allow an exemption of $3,000 on annui­ objection to the request of the gentleman has been indirectly admitted by the professor ties, pensions, and other retirement bene­ from Pennsylvania? himself through his diction; liberties "could be," instead of "would be," preserved. Of fits. There was no objection. course, if what the professor means by liberty I fervently trust that my colleagues in Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, the exists at present in the Soviet Union and in this House will join in urging early com­ Alliance of Czechoslovak Exiles in Chi­ the satellite countries, then his deduction mittee action on this bill so that full cago, a group of dedicated citizens who is absolutely correct. Do not "liberties" also opportunity can be given to the House give their special attention to reminding exist there, and, do they not en3oy "the new to vote on it before the adjournment of us of the critical situation of the peoples and real expression of democracy"? the 87th Congress. in their homeland and all the other In spite of all theoretical assurances, we nations behind the Iron Curtain, f ea­ do not share the opinion of easily persuading tured in their monthly bulletin of Sep­ anyone that socialism (i.e., the ownership HIESTAND DEMANDS TAFT-HART­ by the State of all significant means of pro­ tember 1962 an article describing the duction) would not bring a tremendous in~ LEY BE INVOKED socialistic philosophy of the special as­ crease of power to a centralized government. Mr. MILLIKEN. Mr. Speaker, .I ask sistant to the President, Mr. Arthur Thus, President Woodrow Wilson said in 1912 unanimous consent that the gentleman Schlesinger, Jr. They point out the in New York: "The history of liberty is a his­ from California [Mr. HIESTAND] may ex­ danger that this type of thinking may tory of the limitation of governmental present to the United States. power. When we resist the concentration of tend his remarks at this point in the power, we are resisting the powers of death, RECORD and include extraneous matter. The article is entitled "Dialog," and because concentration of power is what The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there is a penetrating analysis of Mr. Schles­ always precedes the destruction of human objection to the request of the gentleman inger's controversial and extreme views, liberties." fr0m Pennsylvania? which I insert into the RECORD at this In the eastern part of the world we are There was no objection. point: witnessing today the existence of a mono­ MARGINAL NOTES TO OUR DIALOGS lithic state organization, which by its nat­ Mr. HIESTAND. Mr. Speaker, I think ural character makes an individual become we should demand that President Ken­ (Dealing with the Schlesinger manifesto) a manipulatory unit, suppresses his initia­ nedy invoke the provisions of the Taft­ To complete the picture of today's "Dia­ tive and personal responsibilities, and gov­ Hartley Act to prevent the closing down logs" it is necessary to make known that erns by merciless oligarchy and by awkward of :five great Aero-Space factories by the Mr. Henry J. Taylor, Scripps-Howard col­ bureaucracy. impending strike. The strike is sched­ umnist, sent this year to Mr. Schlesinger a The basic problem facing the United States uled to begin Saturday, September 22. letter, asking whether the professor still be­ of America today is to find the means to pro­ lieved what he wrote in 1947. Taylor knew tect individual freedom, action, and responsi­ Congress enacted the Taft-Hartley law that many men, who, in their youth, were bility without slowing down those processes to provide for just such emergencies as bearers of various ideas, often acquired wis­ and techniques which a modern industrial this. A national industry vitally im­ dom through the ages. It turned out that society must employ if it is to develop. portant to the security of our Nation is Mr. Schlesinger was not one of them. His Taking into consideration the experience and threatened. answer read as follows: "I neither withdraw outcome of socialism up to date, it can be The law clearly directs the President nor apologize." fairly said that Schlesinger's "Alice in Won­ to appoint a board of inquiry to de­ If Mr. Schlesinger were a mere Harvard derland" barely constitutes an answer. termine whether a national emergency University professor, conclusions to his ideas Certain intellectual circles in the United would not be perhaps necessary. However, States of America have strong leftist lean­ exists. This must be done immediately the fact that Mr. Schlesinger is at present ings. It makes no difference if it is an acci­ in order to prevent the strike. If this the special assistant to the President, and dent of history or a carefully laid plan. It board decides that a national emergency as such, one of his principal advisers, can remains a reality that this course has im­ does exist, the President must ask the hardly be overlooked. portant backing in very high and influential courts for an injunction outlawing the By his ideas, Mr. Schlesinger is openly places. A group of these intellectuals manifesting that he has dedicated himself decided that in order to definitely save strike and declaring an 80-day moratori­ to the task of promoting socialism in the America from the inevitable adoption of um during which time the employees and United States of America. It is needless either fascism or communism, there had to employers shall continue to negotiate. to deny that his deductions have been pre­ be some changes made. These changes then At the end of the 80-day period, the em­ sented in a very attractive form and that should unequivocally be based on certain ployees shall take a vote by secret ballot he has endeavored to emphasize parliamen­ selected aspects of Marxism, which, in their tary procedure and to preserve liberties as opinion, would enrich and stabilize Amer­ upon the employers' last and :final off er. well. However, speaking "en passant," there ican democracy. This is the legal and duly authorized is in the Soviet Union, as well as in the While the American Nation is guarding method of settling national emergency United States of America, a formal parlia­ the front door of its national home against &trikes. The informal and extra-legal mentary procedure; nevertheless, they do not communism, the back door remains open. factfinding committee of George W. enjoy liberties known to the Christian world. Its new and cunning enemy is shrewdly But even so, many will find Mr. Schlesinger's avoiding the odious name of communism Taylor, of course, can advise the Presi­ manifesto in theory quite attractive. and slips into favor through a "sheep's gar­ dent but they cannot replace the law. It It is by no means necessary to amply dis­ ment" of different nomenclature. One time appears that this committee was consti- cuss the pros and cons of socialism. it is called "welfarism," "New Dealism," 1962 CONGRESSIONAI. RECORD - HOUSE 19965 "State monopoly capitalism,>' "centralized zens. This matte.r will be taken up again outlined above. He proposes a very sim­ government," or "democratic socialism." and it is my hope that we will have an ple plan, easily understood, which avoids The common denominator with Marxism re­ opportunity to consider alternatives to the setting up of an additional Federal mains the same. The aim is identical, the King-Anderson proposals. There bureaucracy and getting into an endless whereas the methods are different. It. 1s of amount of Government redtape. Under little or no significance if the planned sub­ have been so many claims and counter­ jugation would be performed through the claims conce.rning what this plan would the Bow plan, all persons over 65 paying "iron chains of communism" or by the, or would not do that many people are Federal income tax would be permitted "silken threads of socialism." understandably confused. Many believe to deduct $125 per year from their actual To bring their "new rellgion" to victory, that the administration's proposal, em­ income tax for the purpose of purchas­ Socialists have to endeavor to create a gen­ bodied in the King-Anderson bill, would ing a noncancelable health insurance eral state of mind, in which belief in God cover all elderly people. policy. Those who do not have to pay should be considered to be an abnormality any tax would still be able to obtain from and a symptom of social disease. It is mat­ The truth is that it would provide ter of no coincidence that Professor Schles­ no protection to some 4.5 million of the the Government a $125 certificate-$250 inger blames the worker for his belief in most needy who are not under social for a couple-to be used to pay the an­ religion. security or railroad retirement. In my nual premium on a health insurance In conclusion, it is to be stated that con­ opinion any health care program for policy. The policy would be issued by temporary society certainly cannot live by senior citizens should provide protection private companies, licensed by the a law of the wilderness wherein only the for all. Furthermore, the King-Ander­ States, but it must contain those bene­ stronger can survive. It does not mean, fits prescribed in the proposed law. however, that the desired social justice son bill is not a true medical care pro­ should be brought by a reactionary and, in gram in that it would not cover the costs These benefits include among other practice, failing system, which is the best of a doctor's services, whether at home, things hospital, surgical fees, nursing method to enslave mankind. There are, in in an office, or in a hospital. It would services and medicines. While the spon­ spite of that, still many enthusiastic not cover surgical or dental fees. It sors of the Bow bill readily admit that prophets of socialism. With them, disagree­ would not pay for medicines used outside it may need some work on it and per­ ing is honestly possible. It seems, however, a hospital or nursing home. In short, it fecting amendments-that it is not the that in contradistinction we could also find final answer in present form-let us hope those individuals and groups driven solely would be necessary for a patient to be by "gloriae et potestatis sacra fames"-"the admitted to a hospital or nursing home this proposal will be given the committee cursed desire for glory and power." They before receiving any benefits under the consideration it deserves. Our senior know better than anyone else that their administration's King-Anderson plan. citizens need an adequate health care plans would be served best by a Socialist Even then, the proposed program would program-not just a continuing political oligarchy. not cover all hospital costs, and the issue. patient would be required to pay $10 for THE PRESIDENT'S BUDGET MESSAGE REPORT TO MY CONSTITUENTS ON each of the first 9 days of hospitalization, The first budget prepared entirely un­ THE 87TH CONGRESS plus the first $20 of costs for diagnosis, or der President Kennedy's direction called a total of $110. Mr. MILLIKEN. Mr. Speaker, I ask for expenditures totaling $92.5 billion, unanimous consent that the gentle­ In spite of the limited benefits of­ a sum greater than the amount spent in fered, the King-Anderson plan would be three of the four World War II years; woman from Ohio [Mrs. BOLTON] may extremely costly-estimated to be $1 bil­ extend her remarks in the RECORD and $11 billion more than last year's budget, lion the first year and up to $5 billion and $16 billion more than the first Eisen­ include extraneous matter. per year within 20 years. To saddle all The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there hower budget. At the time it was pre­ this cost onto those workers and em­ sented, the administration predicted objection to the request of the gentleman ployers paying social security · taxes from Pennsylvania? there would be a surplus of $500 million could lead to the collapse of the whole at the end of the fiscal year but it now There was no objection. social security retirement system. appears that the anticipated surplus has Mrs. BOLTON. Mr. Speaker, as the Without medicare, the social security 87th Congress is drawing to a close, once vanished and there will be a deficit of at tax will be 10 percent by 1969, with em­ least $4 billion. again I am submitting a report to my ployer and worker each paying 5 per­ constituents of the 22d District of Ohio cent. One can imagine what the tax COLLEGE ACADEMIC FACILITIES ACT covering a resume of major legislation will have to be if medicare is attached As passed by the House, assistance and my activities as their Representa­ to social security. And this tax hits would be provided institutions of higher tive in Washington. This has been a ses­ hardest in the brackets least able to pay. learning to build classrooms, laborato­ sion of greater than average length, but Its overwhelming burden falls on the ries, libraries, and related academic and less than average accomplishment. Con­ lowest levels of the income ladder. service facilities. I favored the bill gress continued to support the President To provide adequate coverage and at passed by the House to provide funds for in the field of defense and international the same time avoid getting into the construction purposes only. Subse­ relations but despite the fact that the realm of compulsory socialized medicine, quently the Senate passed a much President's own party controls the Sen­ it seems to me a medical care plan for broader bill which would include. $1 bil­ ate by a 2 t.o 1 margin and the House by the aged should meet the following tests: lion for student scholarships. As a re­ a 3 to 2 majority, his domestic. program First, it should cover all those in need; :sult, the legisla,tion bogged down for has not met with any display of en­ second, it should be voluntary both as to most of the session in a Senate-House thusiastic support which is necessary to participation and the choice of doctors conference, but the conferees finally move the legislation efficiently through and hospitals; third, it should provide agreed to allow funds to colleges and uni­ the Congress. While it is impossible to adequate care-such as doctor services versities for construction and a limited list all legislation considered by the Con­ and medicines; fourth, since health care amount for aid to needy students. As of gress, here are some of the major issues of our senior citizens is a national prob­ this writing, the conference report must and a summary comment on them: lem the costs should be met through gen­ still be passed by the House and Senate. MEDICAL CARE FOR AGED eral revenues, keeping the social se­ This was the only major bill dealing with This has been a major issue for sev,eral curity system funds fiscally sound to education considered by the House. ';['he years. The House did not have an op­ continue the retirement program, as general Federal aid to education bill. did portunity to consider this subject in the was intended from its beginning. not come out of committee. 87th Congress as no bill was reported The Kerr-Mills Act passed in the 86th DEPARTMENT OF URBA'N AFFAIRS AND HOUSING by the Ways and Means Committee. Congress has operated successfully in This came to the House in the form However, the Senate considered and de­ some areas. However, it does not deal of a reorganization plan submitted by the feated the proposal embodied in the with the problem of the millions who are administration to set up a new Cabinet. King-Anderson bills for medical care in the lower middle income bracket, not post. It was overwh.elmingly rejected financed through social security. As a. indigent but yet not able to underwrite by a vote of 264 to 150. I voted with the longtime advocate of better health care the cost of a catastrophic illness. On majority against this proposal. Those for all individuals, I am very cognizant the -other hand, my Ohio collc.ague, Hon. who opposed the esta1llishment of a De­ of the need for an adequate health in­ FRANK Bow, has introduced a bill (H.R. partment of Urban Affairs did so for the surance protection plan for senior citi- 10981) which I believe will meet the tests following reasons: First, the plan would 19966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE September 19 provide the mechanism with which the TAX RATE EXTENSION ACT U.S. "defense gap" of any type. At the Federal Government could involve itself Once again Congress was called upon same time the Defense Department can in every imaginable local activity. If to pass legislation extending the present and must improve its operations to pro­ the cities were to take their troubles only corporate tax rate of 52 percent and cer­ vide a better defense program for less tax to Washington the union of autonomous tain existing excise taxes on such items dollars. The money voted this year will States which is the United States of as passenger cars, automobile parts and prov~de an ~ctive duty establishment of America would soon cease to be. Sec­ accessories, general telephone service, 2,676,000 and a Ready Reserve military ond, the plan would not solve one single and distilled spirits. The corporation force of 1,003,500. It urban problem. merely provided the tax would otherwise revert to 47 percent. TRADE EXPANSION ACT trappings of another vast Federal agency Many of these taxes have been in effect for the making of more superfluous since the Korean war, but with Govern­ Under this act the President is em­ studies. Third, the cost and size of this ment spending at an alltime high and powered to reduce tariffs by 50 percent proposed new Department staggers one's our national debt reaching $300 billion, over a 5-year period in return for mutual thinking. A vast majority of those who Congress was given little choice but to concessions from countries with whom replied to my opinion poll agreed that extend the corporate and wartime ex­ we trade; moreover, the President is the proposed new Department was not cise taxes. There was one redeeming granted authority to repeal outright, a wise move-61.4 percent did not favor feature of the bill and that was a pro­ duties on items exported between the it, 29.9 percent favored it, and 8.7 percent vision whereby the 10-percent tax with Common Market and the United States had no opinion. respect to transportation of persons by of America. Finally, the President is au­ thorized to negotiate for mutual tariff MANPOWER DEVELOPMENT AND TRAINING ACT railroad and bus will be discontinued December 31, 1962, and the tax on airline reductions on broad categories of goods This was one of the few major pieces rather than on the usual item-to-item of legislation tickets will be reduced from 10 percent to run the legislative course to 5 percent. For years I have advocated basis. My opinion poll indicated that a early in the session. I voted for this repeal of the transportation tax which vast majority of my constituents favored legislation which was largely an out­ a liberalized trade policy-68 percent said growth of Operation Employment, a was imposed during World War II to dis­ courage travel as well as raise revenue. "Yes"; 15 percent ''No," with 17 percent project undertaken by about 60 House The repeal of a portion of this tax should no opinion. Republicans. The 3-year program, first be of some help in restoring passenger The adjustment assistance provision major national manpower retraining was the most controversial feature of program yet proposed, will help the un­ business to our hard-pressed railroads. NATIONAL DEBT LIMIT the bill. It permits financial aid to firms employed or unskilled worker, or one and workers dislocated by foreign com­ suddenly deprived of a job because of The Congress was called upon by the petition. Few proponents of this provi­ technological advances in his industry. administration to raise the debt limit sion realize that such assistance would Costs of retraining will be paid by the from $300 billion to $308 billion. This be inoperative and contrary to the laws Government and the trainee is to be was the third time within a year that of Ohio as well as many other States. paid a weekly subsistence allowance in we were called upon to raise the ceiling. The Ohio law prohibits benefits to any his State ranging from about $20 to $45. I opposed this, but it was passed 211 to individual who "has received or is seek­ This program should go far in provid­ 192. Unless the administration spend­ ing unemployment benefits under un­ ing the Nation with a method of deter­ ing is curtailed we will have further def­ employment compensation laws of any mining employment objectives and en­ icits and still more debt. As the debt other State or the United States of couraging displaced workers to retrain goes up, so must the interest payments. America. However, a motion which I for important job opportunities in our Our interest payments already amount favored to recommit the bill to elimi­ expanding free enterprise system. On to more than 10 percent of our yearly nate this provision failed, and I sup­ my opinion poll 45.5 percent stated they budget-$9.4 billion interest for :fl.seal ported the basic legislation on final pas­ favored a federally financed job retrain­ 1963-and with this latest increase the sage. ing program; 45 percent said "No," and interest will be more than $10 billion FOREIGN ASSISTANCE ACT next year. This is more than $1 million 9.1 percent had no opinion. For the better part of 2 months my THE ADMINISTRATION'S TAX BILL an hour-money which otherwise could be used for other Government programs Committee on Foreign Affairs worked on Passed the House by a record vote of or left in the hands of taxpayers for the Foreign Assistance Act in an effort 219 to 196. Prior to passage, a Republi­ them to spend or save as they see flt. to reduce expenditures without jeopard­ can motion to recommit the bill to izing the national security. The final eliminate the 7-percent investment tax THE FARM BILL bill which I supported authorized funds credit for new business equipment­ The hairline vote of 215-205 by which of $4.6 billion in military and economic estimated to cost more than $1 billion in the House recommitted the President's assistance to Allies and friendly na­ tax revenue in fiscal year 1963-and to farm bill was one of the great dramas of tions--a cut of $810 million from the eliminate the provision for withholding the session. Forty eight Members of the President's request. The main cate­ 20 percent of dividends and interest was President's own party voted with Repub­ gories of assistance are as follows: $1.5 defeated by a vote of 190 to 225. I voted lican Members to recommit the legisla­ billion, development loans; $300 million, for the motion to recommit and against tion. While we must continue to search development grants and technical co­ final pasage of the bill. More mail was for solutions to the farm problem and operation; $600 million, Alliance for received in opposition to the provision for what to do about huge surpluses, and Progress; $148.9 million, international withholding on dividends and interest high prices to consumers, the answer organizations; $1.7 ·billion, military as­ than on any other single subject this does not lie in legislation that would give sistance. Two important amendments year. My opinion poll also indicated the Secretary of Agriculture virtually were adopted by the House. The first that a vast majority did not favor this unlimited authority to put stringent con­ concerns the expropriation of American provision-56.6 percent said "No"; 33.9 trols on American farmers. Just as the property and requires the President to percent "Yes"; and 9.5 percent no opin­ problems of our urban areas cannot be terminate assistance to nations that ion. When the bill reached the Senate solved by transferring them to Washing­ seize our property unless appropriate the withholding provision was eliminated ton, the farm problem will not be solved steps are taken within 6 months to make by the Finance Committee and their ac­ by making a "czar"--or commissar--of reasonable and adequate compensation. tion was upheld by the Senate. I am the Secretary of Agriculture. Secondly, the President is prohibited pleased that this action was taken as the DEFENSE APPROPRIATIONS from granting assistance -to Communist withholding provision would have hit countries unless he decided such aid More than half of the total Federal meets three conditions: it is vital to low-income groups, such as retired per­ budget-$47 .8 billion-was included in American security, the recipient country sons, the hardest. It would have de­ the defense appropriation bill. Because is not dominated or controlled by the prived many persons whose incomes are of the continuous Communist threat to international Communist movement, and below taxable level of the use of their the United States and the entire free aid would promote the possibility of in­ limited funds from savings and invest­ world we must accept this burden and dependence. The Congress must still ments over a period of time before they demonstrate to the Soviets and the Com­ vote to appropriate the funds authorized received refund checks. munist bloc of nations that there is no and as of this writing no action has been 1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 19967 taken, although the House Appropria­ Refusal of the United States to finance I agree that a national debate on the tions Committee has recommended a a substantial portion of the current subject of our lagging economy would reduction of $1.1 billion. United Nations deficit would not force be most fruitful. Therefore, I would like FEDERAL AID HIGHWAY AUTHORIZATIONS a reform in United Nations organiza­ to address myself to one major thesis of tion and procedure nor would it put the the President's speech. Mr. Kennedy A bill was passed authorizing appro­ United Nations out of business. In­ states that he "needs the help" of the priations for fiscal years 1964 and 1965 to stead, it would mean the withdrawal of Congress in pushing to enactment those continue the Federal-aid primary and the United Nations from the Congo, and measures which he thinks would speed secondary highway system, as well as the either the termination or drastic curtail­ up the economy. Interstate System. This legislation which ment of United Nations operations in The President's legislative proposals received my support is traditionally acted the Middle East. As a result, the include farm controls, aid to depressed on several years in advance by the Con­ United Nations would be limited to serv­ areas, medicare, youth employment, gress in order to give State legislatures ing as an international forum for debate manpower retraining, and discretionary a sufficient opportunity to provide the and the dissemination of propaganda. Presidential power to increase public necessary State matching funds. Under This is just what the Soviet Union is works spending. the allocation formula, Ohio will receive trying to bring about. However, if one examines the pro­ $37,200,000 for primary, secondary, and MY OWN BILLS posals thus far, it is apparent that they urban roads in 1964 to be matched on a Among the bills I have sponsored in have nothing to do with economic 50-50 basis and $176,952,000 for the In­ growth. Whatever else may be said for terstate Sy~tem, 90 percent of which is the 87th Congress have been the follow­ ing: H.R. 315, to amend the Social Secu­ the farm bill that failed, its purpose was paid by the Federal Government and 10 regiment the farmer into producing percent by the States. In 1965 Ohio will rity Act to permit an individual to earn to receive $38,179,000 for primary, second­ an unlimited amount without losing any less, not to stimulate more production. ary, and urban roads and $183,758,000 for social security benefits; H.R. 5146, to And also, whatever the pros and cons of permit a taxpayer to deduct tuition ex­ medicare on other grounds, not even its the Interstate System. proponents could very well claim it was CLEVELAND HARBOR APPROPRIATION penses paid by him for the education of himself or any of his dependents at an a growth additive. Again this year I joined my congres­ institution of higher learning; H.R. Aid to depressed areas, unemployed sional colleagues and city and business 10531, to permit a child to continue re­ youth, manpower retraining, public interests from Cleveland in urgently re­ ceiving social security benefits after age works-all of these are by definition questing the House Appropriations Com­ 18-up to age 21-so long as he remains tranquilizers, designed at most to soothe mittee to favorably consider providing in school-this bill is designed to help sore spots. They can no more be ex­ the funds recommended in the budget to prevent so many school dropouts-H.R. pected to stimulate economic growth continue our Cleveland Harbor improve­ 913, to make educational benefits availa­ than did similar programs in the thirties, ment program. The committee approved ble to peacetime veterans; H.R. 4062, to when all the considerable efforts of and the Congress voted an appropriation repeal the telephone excise tax; H.R. Government, year after year, were un­ of $1,553,000 to continue the improve­ 3640, to provide for the establishment of able to significantly alleviate mass un­ ment program of bridge replacement, a Federal Advisory Council on the Arts; employment, much less lift the whole cutting back of banks, dredging, and and H.R. 8135, to permit male nurses to economy out of the mire of depression. bulkheading, Also included was an ap­ receive Regular-rather than just Re­ Thus, it would appear that the help propriation of $75,000 to continue the serve-commissions in the Army, Navy, the President seeks from the Congress Army Corps of Engineers technical study and Air Force. would in reality at best mitigate the of the feasibility of constructing Tinkers effects of our economic slowdown, rath­ Creek Dam to prevent flooding of the CONCLUSION er than cure it. Then, if this be the Cuyahoga River. This, of course, is little more than an case, what is the answer? COMMUNICATIONS SATELLITE BILL outline of the work of the 87th Congress. Certainly not budget deficits, which Many, many hours were spent in com­ appear to be a key part of the adminis­ By a vote of 354 to 9 the House passed mittees, in conferences, and otherwise in this bill to create a private rather than tration's growth policy. Spending has tedious "behind the scenes" work on all gone up many billions, and not alone in a Government corporation to develop phases of legislation and other business our communications satellite program. the areas of defense and space. An im­ of the Congress and the Federal Govern­ posing deficit of $7 billion was piled up When the bill reached the Senate it was ment. filibustered for days by a group of Sen­ in the last fiscal year, and another It is a very great privilege to serve the deficit of $10 billion is in store for this ators who call themselves "liberals." 22d Ohio District in the many areas of They favored Government rather than year. And yet the economy is still stag­ national life that grow increasingly im­ gering. This still does not answer the private development. Although this was portant to each individual American, an administration "must" bill, those who question, "what can be done to get the and I would like to thank each of my American economy rolling again?'' opposed it in the Senate were all mem­ constituents for the support given me bers of the President's own party. After The answer, in my opinion, lies in a all their talk, no convincing reasons were throughout my service in the Congress. forthright statement by Mr. Kennedy put forth that the program should be that he is going to reduce nonessential Government rather than privately PRESIDENT KENNEDY AND THE spending and restore fiscal responsibility to the Federal Government. If he would owned. Certainly the success of Telstar, AMERICAN ECONOMY which was perfected and built by pri­ then convert these words into deeds, I vate enterprise, was a source of pride Mr. MILLIKEN. Mr. Speaker, I ask believe this would do more to stimulate to all of us, and it pointed the way to unanimous consent that the gentleman confidence in the American economy what can be accomplished through pri­ from New York [Mr. BECKER] may ex­ both in this country and around the vate enterprise, cooperating with Gov­ tend his remarks in the RECORD and in­ world, than any other single act. ernment efforts. clude extraneous matter. Secondly, Mr. Kennedy should present The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there a. comprehensive tax reform bill to the UNITED NATIONS BOND BILL objection to the request of the gentleman Congress along the lines of the Herlong­ Authorizes appropriation of $100 mil­ from Pennsylvania? Baker bill which provides for tax reduc­ lion for loan to U.N. through purchase There was no objection. tion on a graduated basis-over a 5-year of U.N. bonds. My Committee on For­ Mr. BECKER. Mr. Speaker, President period-and covers both corporate and eign Affairs held- 11 open hearings on Kennedy, speaking at the commence­ personal income taxes. This would re­ this measure and met 5 times in execu­ ment exercises at Yale University in lease the additional money needed for tive session to consider amendments. June, called for a national "dialog" on more rapid plant expansion, retooling, We finally decided to report the bill but the problem~ besetting the American and increased research. It would fur­ added an amendment to provide that economy. Still more recently, in August, ther put additional money in the con­ the total amount loaned by the United the President reported to the American sumer's hands for increasing the pur­ States to the United Nations must be people over nationwide television on the chasing power of the American public. matched at all times, dollar for dollar, state of America's economy, and why he The stimulus from this increased eco­ by the total loaned by other countries. will not propose a tax cut at this time. nomic activity would create more jobs 1'9968 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE September· 19 and make up f-0r lost .revenues by in­ cerned with the religion, politics, ~nd .and persons, and will not live in dread creased taxable incomes. often the sex of his victim. of pbysical .assaults. rape., and murder. !Finally, I would suggest to President I think it is time to a.ct. Too often, it seems to me.. we are in Kennedy that he :fire his battery of . The police force on Capitel Hill should the situation of the farmer who locks 11)seudo economists and allow them to re­ be increased to provtde afterdark foot the door of his barn after his horse has turn to the "ivory towers" at Harvard., patrols with full use of trained men, been stolen. .and so forth. Among these I include dogs, and other means in the Capitol We apprehend the criminal eventually America's leading advocate of demo­ .Hill area. A special plainclothes detail by din'.t of splendid police work, and the cratic socialism, Arthur Schlesinger; also should also be trained and added to the police force .in the Nation's Capital ·is Walter Heller, the President's chief eco­ night patrols of the Capitol Hill area. second to none in this Nation. nomic adviser, whose advice the West We must not only take every step But police can only go to work after German Government rejected in 1951, humanly possible to apprehend these the crime has been committed. and by doing so, went on to create the criminals, we must also take positive It is up to the Congress to move healthiest economy in Europe. steps to end the slum conditions which quickly to -make possible the ending of This I respectfully submit to the Presi­ are breeding these criminals because the slum. conditions on Capitol Hill dent of the United States is my contribu­ slums breed crime and slums breed which are making it unsafe for people tion at this time, to this suggestion for criminals. to live on Capitol Hill in the Nation's a "national dialog" on what ails the The slum conditions on Capitol Hill Capital. American economy. have been fostered by certain special I include ior the information of my interests which do not w.ant these slum colleagues the text of my House Joint conditions ended because they know it Resolution 85'2 and the text of House SLUMS BREED CRIME is easier to persuade people to build Joint Resolution 87-5 introduced by our The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under highways, expressways, and inner loop friend and colleague, the gentleman from the previous order of the House the gen­ freewa,y.s through slum areas and blight­ New Jersey [Mr. WIDNALI_.l and I invite tleman from Delaware [Mr. McDOWELL] ed areas than through well-kept resi­ particular attention to section 8 of these is recognized for 20 minutes. dential areas. two measures. - Mr. McDOWELL. Mr. Speaker, They say, get rid of your slums, your Your support for the passage of these slums breed crime, ,and slums breed slum and blight, and your slum-bred two vital measures before this Congress criminals. This basic and weH under­ criminals by building highways, express­ adjourns will go a long way to make it stood fact is as true in the Nation's Cap-­ ways, and inner loop freewa,ys, and do safe for people to live in the Capitol Hill ·ital ·as it is true in any other city iri the it the easy way with .the Federal Gov­ area of the Nation's Capital. It is obvi­ United States and in nations overseas. ernment putting up 90 percent of the ously not 'Safe to tiv.e there now. and this Slums are breeding crime and crimi­ cost. is pwved by the continuing criminal nals on Capitol Hill. Anybody can get rid of slums and assaults on innocent and law-Abiding 1,100 slum-bred criminals this way because citizensA There are blighted slum houses H.J. RES. 85'2 on Capitol Hill, and the crime results it is an easy way to get rid of people, but it only does this by creating new (In tbe House of Representatives, 87th Con­ are showing lip continually on -the front gress~ 2d s.ession, August 14, 1962, Mr. Mc­ pages of our newspapers. Just a few slums in other parts of a city. rt was recognition of these basic facts DOWELL introduced the following joint weeks ago, ,a woman employee of our resolution; which was referred to the Com­ Republican colleague from New York which led me to .seek the help of Cap:­ mittee on House Administration) itol Architect J. George Stewart in de­ [Mr. BECKER] was stabbed several times .Joint resolution clarifying the responsibility while at prayer in a Catholic church 1 veloping a legislative plan for ending the of the .Joint Committee on the Library wi.th 'block from the House of Representatives slums and the slum conditions on Cap­ respect to historical exhibits and objects, Office Building and only 2 blocks from itol Hill. and other antiquities located in the United the U.S. Capitol Building itself. I have added this to a legislative pro­ States Capitol Building, and for other The Washington, D.C., Post this posal c1arlfying the responsibility of the purposes Joint Committee on the Library with Resolved by :the Senate and House of Rep­ morning and the W.ashington, D.C., Eve­ respect to historical exhibits and objects, -resentatives of ;the United States of America ning Star this noon reports that a mem­ and other antiquities located in the U.S . in Congress assembled, That (a) the Joint .ber of the staff of .our Democratic Capito1 Building, in which the Architect Committee on the Library, with the assist­ .colleague from Arkansas [Mr. MrLLs~ of the Capitol has also expressed the ance of the curator provided for in section 7 ''.suffered a broken nose last night when of ·this joint Tesolution, is hereby authorized deepest interest and support. and directed to supervise, hold, place, and she was beaten by a man in thf 300 block Capitol Archit-ect J. George Stewart of First Street SE., police reported." protect all wor:k!s of allt, historical objects, has assured me that the adoption of this and exhibits within the United States Capi­ . Inspector William T. Murphy identi­ House Joint Resolution 852, which is the tol, and in its ]udgment to accept any works fied the victim as Martha Sue Huitt, of result of our joint efforts, with its sec­ of art, hist-orical 0bjects, or exhibits., which 110 D .street SE., these news_paper re­ tion 8 providing for a master plan, and :a may hereafter be given, offered, or devised to port. She was admitted to Casualty means of carrying it out · quickly and 'the Congress, for placement and exhibition Hospital, where doctors said she had expenditiously, will make a major funda­ .in th-e United States Capitol: Provided, That suffered two cr.acked teeth and bruises mental contribution to the early ending the placement and exhibition of such items in addition to the broken nose. In the House side of the United States Capi­ of the crime and criminal-breeding slum tol shall be subject to the approval of the Miss Huitt told police she was walking conditions which make it unsafe to live Speaker of the House ,of Representatives and -on First Street .about .9: 45 p.m. when on Capitol1Iilt ln the Senate side of the United States a .man .came up behind her., put his arm I am especially happy to say that my Capitol shall be subject to the approval of .armmd her neck.., and told her to be quiet. proposa1 has tbe support not only of the the majority leader of the Senate. When the man released the pr,essure on Capitol :Architect but is also cosponsored ,(b) The J.oint Committee on the Library her neck, Miss Huitt :said, sn.e screamed. by the gentleman ·from New Jersey [Mr. shall prescribe such regulations as it deems necessary for the care, protection, and place­ _Her assailant punched her in the face WIDNA'LL]. and fled. ment of 'SUeh werks of -art, historical ob­ I urge the House leadership on both jects, and exhibits .in the United States Cap­ I am concerned~ naturally_. becaus:e sides bf the aisle to pass this legislation itol, and for their acceptance on behalf of this could happen to those members of in this session-of the CoDgress to assure the Congress. Appropriations for the eare, my own staff who live on -Capit.ol Hill the early end of the crime-breeding slum maintenance, and protection of such works within a block of the pla-ces where these -conditions on Capitol Hill. of art, historical objects, and exhibits shall att~ have taken place. Capitol Architect J. George Stewart be provld-ed under the appropriation "Capi­ They could be attacked. and the rem­ told m .e that he had a record of 1,100 tol Buildings,._• under the .Architect of the ployees :and .families of Members of Con­ slum houses on Capitol Hill. 'These slum CapitoL also (c) The Sena.te Cmmmittee on Rules and gress could ,be attacked in this area, .conditions must be ended immediately in Administration, with .the .adv.ice of the Ar­ ,be.cause cl'lime is no respecter of persons. order 'that our emp1oyees, as well as the chitect of ·the Capitol, shall have the su_per­ .'illhe criminal 'Strikes.. .and the victim may citizens of 'the Nations' Capita1 who liv.e vision, _protection, and placement of all ,be :rich or po·or; 1lhe criminal ls .not con- on 'Capitol Hill, will be safe in their lives works of -art, 'hi'Sterical objects,. and, exhibits, 1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 19969 which are the property of the United States, the House Administration Committee of the SEC. 9. (a) Section 1831 of, the Revised which may be lodged with the approval of House of Representatives, the House Office Statutes (40 U.S.C. 188) is repealed. the Joint Committee on the Library in the Building Commission, and the Architect of (b) All laws or parts of laws Jnconsistent Senate Office Buildings, and the House Of­ the Capitol for the care, preservation, and with this joint resolution are hereby re­ fice Building Commission, with the advice protection of the United States Capitol and pealed or amended to the extent of such of the Architect of the Capitol, shall have the Senate Office Buildings, and the Sam inconsistency. the supervision, protection, and placement Rayburn, Joseph Cannon, and Nicholas Long­ of all works of art, historical objects, and worth House Office Buildings shall be H.J. RES. 875 exhibits, which are the property of the consistent. (In the House of Representatives, 87th Con­ United States, which may be lodged with SEC. 5. The Joint Committee on the gress, 2d session, September 6, 1962, Mr. the approval of the Joint Committee on the Library shall, from time to time, but at WIDNALL introduced the following joint Library in the House Office Buildings-: Pro­ periods no less than once every ten years, resolution; which was referred to the Com­ vided, That all such works of art, historical publish as a House document a list of all mittee on House Administration) objects, and exhibits shall have first been works of art, historical objects, and exhibits Joint resolution clarifying the responsibility accepted by the Congress or in the name of currently within the United States Capitol of the Joint Committee on the Library the Congress by the Joint Committee on the and the Senate and House Office Buildings, with respect to historical exhibits and Library or acknowledged as United States together with their description, location, objects, and other antiquities located in property by inventory of the joint commit­ and with such notes as may be pertinent to the United States Capitol Building, and tee: Provided further, That no work of art, their history, and the expenses of such pub­ for other purposes historical object, or exhibit, shall be dis­ lications shall be borne from appropriations Resolved by the Senate and House of Rep­ played for sale or gain, or offered for sale or available for printing and binding for the resentatives of the United States of America gain, in any of the rooms, spaces, corridors, Congress. in Congress assembled, That (a) the Joint or other areas of the United States Capitol, SEC. 6. Nothing in this joint resolution Committee on the Library, with the assist­ Senate Office· Buildings, or House Office shall be construed to prohibit the standing ance of the curator provided for in section 7 Buildings. committees of the House and the Senate of this joint resolution, is hereby authorized SEC. 2. The Joint Committee on the Li­ from accepting, as gifts for ~uch committees, and directed to supervise, hold, place, and brary ,is authorized and directed to relocate portraits of ch'airmen or former chairmen of protect all works of art, historical objects, within the United States Capitol any of the such committees, which portraits shall be and exhibits within the United States Capi­ statues already received and placed in the under the jurisdiction of such committees. tol, and in its judgment to accept any works National Statuary Hall collection, and to SEC. 7. The Architect of the Capitol, sub­ of art, historical objects, or exhibits, which provide for the reception and location in ject to the approval of the Speaker of the may hereafter be given, offered, or devised the United States Capitol of the statues House of Representatives and the majority to the Congress, for placement and exhibi­ which hereafter may be received from the leader of the United States Senate, is author­ tion in the United States Capitol: Provided, States pursuant to section 187, title 40, ized to employ a Curator of Art and Antiqui­ That the placement and exhibition of such United States Code, and is authorized to ties of the Capitol, who shall be an employee items in the House side of the United States consult with the Commission of Fine Arts of the Office of the Architect at a gross salary Capitol shall be subject to the approval of with respect to such relocation and loca­ not to exceed $15,000 per annum and shall the Speaker of the House of Representatives tion: Provided, That such relocation and lo­ be paid from the appropriation "Salaries, and in the Senate side of the United States cation in the House side of the 0apitol shall Office of the Architect of the Capitol"; shall Capitol shall be subject to the approval of be subject to the approval of the Speaker of perform such duties as the Architect may the majority leader of the Senate. the House of Representatives and in the Sen­ direct, and shall be removed from office only (b) The Joint Committee on the Library ate side of the Capitol to the approval of the with the approval of the Speaker of the shall prescribe such regulations as it deems majority leader of the Senate. House of Representatives and the majority necessary for the care, protection, and place­ SEC. 3. It shall be unlawful for anyone to leader of the United States Senate. ment of such works of art, historical objects, remove, relocate, or change any work of art, SEC. 8. Notwithstanding any other provi­ and exhibits in the United States Capitol, historical oqject, ori ~xhtbit, which . is the sion of law, in order to provide for beauti­ and for their acceptance on behalf of the property of the United States in the United fying and embe,lishing the surrounclings of Congress. Appropriations for the care, States Capitol, except with the approval of tlie United States Capitol and other present maintenance, and protection of such works the Speaker of the House of Representatives and future Federal buildings in its vicinity, of art, historical objects, and exhibits shall with respect to the House side of the United to preserve adequate sites ·and additions to be provided under the appropriation "Capitol States Capitol and the approval of the ma­ sites for future Federal buildings, including Buildings" under the Architect of the ' jority leader of the Senate with respect to suitable grounds, parking, and a1wroaches Capitol. the Senate side of the United States Capitol, for such buildings, and to prepare and carry (c) The Senate Committee on Rules and and whoever removes without such author­ out a comprehensive plan for upgrading, pre­ Administration, with the advice of the Archi­ ity, defaces, injures, or in any way damages serving, and developing the Capitol Hill area, tect of the Capitol, shall have the super­ any said work of art, historical object, or ex­ no plan for the development of the Capitol vision, protection, and placement of all works hibit, or violates any of the provisions of the Hill area, including any plan for the con­ of art, historical objects, and exhibits, which regulations adopted by the Commission for struction of roads or highways, shall be pre­ are the property of the United States, which their care and protection shall be fined not pared or carried out, or lands acquired in · may be lodged with the approval of the more than $100 or imprisoned not more than connection therewith, by the Board of Com­ Joint Committee on the Library in the Sen­ sixty days, or both, and prosecution for such missioners, District of Columbia, the Na­ ate Office Buildings, and the House Office offense ls to be had in the municipal court tional Capital Planning Commission, the Building Commission, with the advice of of the District of Columbia, upon informa­ District of Columbia Department of High­ the Architect of the Capitol, shall bave the tion by the United States attorney or any ways and Traffic, the District of Columbia supervision, protection, and placement of of his assistants: Provided, That in any Redevelopment Land Agency, the Adminis­ all works of art, historical objects, and ex­ case where the commission of an offense trator of General Services, the Department of hibits, which are the property of the United against said works of art, historical objects, the Interior, or any other department or States, which may be lodged with the ap­ or exhibits results in damage in an amount agency of the Federal Government or the proval of the Joint Committee on the Library exceeding $100, the amount of the fine for District of Columbia government without in the House Office Buildings: Provided, That the offense may not be more than $5,000, prior consultation with the Architect of the all such works of art, historical objects, and and the period of imprisonment for the of­ Capitol. The National Capital Planning exhibits shall have first been accepted by fense may not be more than five years, and Commission shall, jointly with the Architect the Congress or in the name of the Con­ the prosecution shall be had in the _United of the Capitol, prepare a comprehensive plan gress by the Joint Committee on the Library States District Court for the District of Co­ for upgrading, preserving, and developing the or acknowledged as United States property lumbia by indictment, or if the defendant, Capitol Hill area which gives special consid­ by inventory of the joint committee: Pro­ after he has been advised of the nature of eration to preserving the residential charac­ vided further, That no work of art, his­ the charge and his rights, waives in open ter of such area. Such plan shall be revised torical object, or exhibit, shall be displayed court prosecution by indictment, by infor­ from time to time to keep it abreast of for sale or gain, or offered for sale or gain,. mation by the United States attorney or any changes in and growth of the Capitol Hill in any of the rooms, spaces, corridors, or of his assistants. area. For the purposes of this section the other areas of the United States Capitol, SEC. 4. Such regulations as the Joint Capitol Hill area includes that part of the Senate Office Buildings, or House Office Committee on the Library may issue pur­ District of Columbia which is bounded on the Buildings. suant to this joint resolution and those north by the middle of G Street (Northeast SEC. 2. The Joint Committee on the Library regulations authorized by the provisions of and Northwest), on the east and south by the is authorized and directed to relocate within section 1820 of the Revised Statutes (40 U.S.C. Anacostia River, and on the west by a line the United States Capitol any of the statutes 193) to be issued by the Sergeants at Arms running down the middle of Third Street already received and placed in the National of the Senate and the House of Representa­ (Northwest and Southeast), from G Street Statuary Hall collection, and to provide for tives for the protection of the United States to Canal Street, down the middle of Canal the reception and location in the United Capitol Building, and such regulations as Street to First Street Southwest, and down States Capitol of the statues which hereafter are issued, pursuant to' Iaw, by the Rules and the middle of First Street to the Anacostia may be received from the States pursuant Administration Committee of the Senate, River. to section 187, title 40. United States Code, 19970 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE September 19 and is authorlzed to consult with the Com­ gross salary not to exceed $15,000 per annum Speedy action on tbe emergency call­ mission •of Fine Arts with respect to such and 'Shall be paid. from the approprlatton up authority 1lrst, 'demonstrates for the relocation and 'location: Provid.-ed, That such "Salaries, Office of the ATchitect of the Capi­ world this Government's unity in deter­ relocation a.nd location in ,the House side tol", shall perform such duties as the Archi­ ·Of the -Oapit0I shall be subject to the ap­ tect may direct, and ~hall be removed from mination to l!espond to .any Communist­ proval of the Speaker of the House of Rep­ office (!)nly with the approval of the Speaker created crisis whether it be Cuba, Berlin, resentatives and in the Senate side of the of the House 'Of Representatives and the 0r southeast Asia; -second, strengthens Capitol to the approval o:f the majority majority leader of the United States Senate. the President's hand in diplomatic leader of the Senate. SEC. 8. Notwithstanding any other provi­ negotiations while Congress is away from SEC. S. It shall be unlawful for anyone to sion of law, in order to provide for beautify­ Washington; third, provides rep1ace­ remove, relocate, .or change any work or art, ing and embelUshlng the surroundings of ments, if needed, .for regular military historical object, or exhibit, which is the the United States Capitol and other present property ·of the United States in the United and future Federal buildings in its vicinity, fore es which might be directed to over­ States Capitol, except with the approval of to preserve adequate sites and additions to sea areas; and, fourth, .demonstrates the Speaker of the House of Representatives sites for future Federal buildings, including a .new bipartisan support of the President with respect to the House side of the United suitable grounds, parking, and approaches in a vital and sensitive area of U.S. for­ States Capitol and the approval of the ma­ for such buildings, and t0 prepare and carry eign policy. jority leader of the Senate with respect to out a comprehensive plan for upgrading, pre­ The United States now has approxi­ the Senate side of the United States Capitol, serving, and developing the Capitol Hlll area, mately 2.8 million Americans under and whoever removes without such author­ no plan for the development of the Capital arms, and the Executive has authority ity, defaces, injures, or in any way damages Hill area, including any plan for the con­ 1 any said wol'.k of art, historical object, or ex­ struction of roads or highways, shall be pre­ to call up an additional million when hibit, or violates any of the provisions of pared or carried out, or lands acquired in and if a national emergeracy is found to the regulations adopted by the Commission connection therewith, by the Board of Com­ exist. So, obviously, the request for for their care and protection shall be fined missioners, District of Columbia, the Na­ authority to call up 150,000 reservists is, not more than $100 or imprisoned not tional Capital Planning Commission, the in reality, only a phase of preparedness more than sixty days, or both, and prose­ District of Columbia Depa-rtment of High­ which the President and the Joint Chiefs cution for such .offense is to be had in the ways and Traffic, the District of Columbia of Staff 'believe adequate to meet the municipal court of the District of Columbia, Redevelopment Land Agency, the Adminis­ current situation. upon information by the United Attorney or trator of General Services, the Department of The reservists callup is an inter­ any of his assistants: Provided, That in any the Interior, or any other department or case where the commission of an offense agency of the Federal Government or the mediate step which a prudent and alert against said works of art, historical obje.cts, District of Columbia government without Government deems necessary to take. I or exhibits results in damage in an amount prlor consultation with the Architect of the hope that when the measure comes be­ exceeding $100, the amount of the fine for the Capitol. The National Capital Planning fore the House next week it will be dis­ oJfense may not be more than $5,000, and Commission shall, jointly with the Archi­ cussed for the enlightenment of the the period of impr.isonment for the offense tect of the Capitol, prepare and present to country at large, but that Members will · may not be more than fl ve years, and the the Congress for appropriate action a com­ refrain from adopting amendments prosecution shall be had in the United States prehensive plan _tor upgrading, preservin~, District Court for the District of Columbia and developing the Capitol Hill area which which could de1ay and complicate the by indictment., or if the defendant, after he glves special consideration to preserving the situation. has been advised of the nature of the charge residential character of .such area. Such plan and his rights, waives in open court prosecu­ shall be revised 'from time to time to keep AMERICANS WANT FOREIGN AID tion by indictment, by information ·by the it abreast of changes in ,and growth of the United States attorney or any of his assist­ Capitol Hill area. For the purposes of this ECONOMY ants. section the Capitol Hill sarea includes that Mr. GONZALEZ. Mr. Speaker~ I ask SEC. 4. Such regulations as the Joint Com­ part of the District of Columbia. which is mittee on the Library may issue pursuant to bounded on the north by the middle of a unanimous consent that the gentleman this joint resolution and those regulations Street (Northeast and Northwest), on the ;from North Carolina [Mr. KITCHIN] may authorized by the provisions of section 1820 east and south by the Anacostia River, and extend his remarks at this point in the of the Revised Statutes (40 U.S.C. 193) to be on the west by a U:ne running down the RECORD. issued by the Sergeants at Arms of the Sen­ middle of Third Street (Northwest and ·The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there ate and the House of Representatives for 'the Southwest), from G Street to Canal Street, objection to the-request of the gent1eman protection of the United States Capitol down the middle of Canal Street to First from Texas? .Building, and such regulations as are issued, Street Southwest, and down the middle .of There was no objection. pursuant to law, by the Rules and Admin­ First Street to the Anacostia River. i1>tration Committee of the Senate, the House SEC. 9. (a) Section 1831 of the Revised Mr. KITCHIN. Mr. Speaker, even :Administration Committee of the House ,of .Statutes (40 U.S.C. 188) is repealed. Congressmen who .supported the $4. 75 Representatives, the House Office Building (b) All laws or parts of laws inconsistent .billion f oreig11 aid authorization last Commission, and the Architect of the Ca_pi­ with this joint resolution are hereby re­ July should now seek to reduce by tol for the care, preservation, and protection pealed or .amended to the extent of such in­ amendment, aid funds allocated to of the United States Capitol and the Senate -consistency ''doubtful area" in the mutual assist­ Office Buildings, and the Sam .Rayburn, Jo­ ance bill due for debate in the House to­ seph Cannon, a.nd Nicholas Longworth House morrow. Office Buildings shall be consistent. KENNEDY REQUEST FOR 150,000 I am told that the Appropriations .SEC. 6. The Joint Committee on the Li­ brary shall, from time to time, but at periods RESERVE CALLUP APPLAUDED Committee has already sharply reduced no less than once every ten -years, publish as Mr. GONZALEZ. Mr. Speaker; I ask the multi-billion-dollar measure, but I a House document a list of all works of art, unanimous consent that the gentleman understand there are still aid classifi­ historical objects, and exhibits currently from North Car.olina [Mr. KITCHIN] may cations subject to further economies. within the United States Capitol and the Economy in foreign aid-especially in Senate and House Office Buildings, together .extend his remarks .at this point in the RECORD. areas where it is not likely to advance 'With their description, location, and with free world aims nor retard communism's such notes as may be pertinent to their his­ The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there spread-is what' the American taxpayer tory, and the expenses of such publications objection to the request of the gentleman shall be borne from appropriations available from Texas? 'Wants today. for printing and binding for the Congress. Outright opponents of foreign aid ap- There was no objection. 1>ropriations have never mustered more SEC. 6. Nothing in this joint resolution Mr. KITCHIN. Mr. Speaker, the shall be construed to prohibit the standing than 132 votes in the House, and while committees of the House and the Senate President's bid for ·congressional author­ there's no expectation of eliminating for­ from accepting, as .gifts for 'Such committees, ity to call up for 1 year 150,000 re­ eign aid, I think the goals of the pro­ portraits of chairmen or former chairmen of 'Servists and to extend certain enlist­ gram can be achieved more economically such committees, which portraits shall be ments, if needed while Congress is not than .in the past. Every economy would under the jurisdiction of such committees. in session, is a restrained and timely pre­ .strengthen our foreign trade position, SEC. 7. The Architect of the Capitol, sub­ paredness move. .and would harden the dollar in the in­ ject to the approval of the Speaker of the While this measure will get overwhelm­ House of Representatives .and the majority ternational market. leader of the United States Senate, 1s au­ ing support in the House as it itol, who shall be an to the significance of this preparedness dominates 'government~ nations whose employee of 'the Office of the Architect at a move. elected governments aTe toppled by mil- 1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 19971 itary juntas and dictators; those .with are above suspicion. The stigma of not employed to buttress Cuba's captivity no plans or programs for effective utiliza­ being allowed to use information is very and, as so often in the past, to consoli­ tion of U.S. aid, and countries which great. In many cases it determines date a base for Moscow's expansion in have resisted private capital and dis­ Whether a man work or not. No man the rest of Latin America. Moscow has couraged private investment by expro­ should be put into a position where succeeded in bringing the reality of a priation. Less American foreign aid another may wreck his career or cost captive nation to our very doorstep. might well pressure our prosperous allies him his job without allowing him the Cuba, situated close to the bastion of the to share a more proportionate burden of right of cross-examination. free world, has become an integral part assistance to emerging and undeveloped I realize that this bill is brought be­ of the captive world-a truth that many countries still outside the iron and bam­ fore us in order to protect secret in­ Americans are just now beginning to boo curtains. Foreign aid and loans formers. However, the committee re­ recognize. under the Marshall Plan have restored port on this bin indicates that in 800 Mr. Speaker, there is one solid reply Western Europe to economic and mili­ plant-security cases since 1960, it has that this Chamber can make to Khru­ tary potency, and there has been a com­ only been necessary to conceal the in­ shchev's threats about Cuba, and that mendable trend away from outright aid former 11 times. In my opinion the is to create now and quickly a Special grants and toward long-term loans in right of the individual to a fair pro­ House Committee on Captive Nations. oversea assistance programs. cedure is more important that the loss of Moscow would want us to continue to Mr. Speaker, I urg,e the House to give anonymity of a few informers whose think in piecemeal fashion, to fail to full weight to foreign aid reductions re­ names would be made public if the right understand Cuba as a member of the portedly made by the House Appropria­ to cross examination is clear in any growing family of captive nations, and tions Committee after 2 months of de­ future case. I cannot see that we lose to overlook the enormous cold war possi­ tailed study of the $4. 75 billion measure. anything of importance in terms of na­ bilities suggested by a truthful linking tional security, but we preserve much of Cuba with the captive nations in Eu­ that is important to our free way of life rope and Asia. We can circumvent this DISMISSAL POLICY OF NATIONAL in sharp distinction to practices in po­ Soviet Russian objective by establishing SECURITY AGENCY lice states which this legislation would, this special committee. Mr. GONZALEZ. Mr. Speaker, I ask in this respect, seek to emulate. Since Congress legislated the Captive unanimous consent that the gentleman I believe that measures which deny Nations Week resolution in 1959, there from Wisconsin [Mr. KAsTENMEIERJ may the individual the rights that are his has been a mushroom growth of evidence extend his remarks at this point in the guarantee to freedom should be opposed. that clearly proves how .sensitive and RECORD. To approve legislation which bends over fearful Moscow is to any free-world con­ The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there backward to preserve the secrecy of a centration on the captive nations. We objection to the request of the gentleman few informers at the expense of the job do not need to counter-threaten Mos­ from Texas? security and freedom of millions of cow; all that is required at this stage is There was no objection. workers is to move away from the tradi­ to launch a serious full-scale investiga­ Mr. KASTENMEIER. Mr. Speaker, tions of American democracy which have tion into all of the captive nations under two important bills before the House to­ distinguished us from Communist states Moscow's direct or indirect domination. day deal with security administration. and, indeed, all totalitarian societies. This alone would mirror the predomi­ One, H.R. 12082 would give the Secretary nant weakness of Moscow's empire. This of Defense power to discharge any em­ alone would be capable of demonstrating ployee of the National Security Ag.ency REPLY TO KHRUSHCHEV ON CUBA­ to the world Moscow's profound weak­ with no hearing whenever the Secretary A SPECIAL HOUSE COMMITTEE ON ness and insecurity. CAPTIVE NATIONS deems it "in the interest of the United THE 1962 WEEK AND A SPECIAL COMMITTEE States." The other, H.R. 11363 would Mr. GONZALEZ. Mr. Speaker, I ask establish an industrial security program. The 1962 Captive Nations Week ob­ unanimous consent that the gentleman servance highlighted the necessity for a Though it would provide for hearing pro­ from Pennsylvania [Mr. FLOOD] may cedures, nevertheless, confrontation and Special House Committee on the Captive extend his remarks at this point in the Nations. Many of my colleagues, both cross-examination procedures could be RECORD and .include extraneous matter. eliminated "for reasons determined by Democratic and Republican, have intro­ The SPEAKER pro tempore. ls there duced into the RECORD much data about the Secretary to be good and sufficient." objection to the request of the gentleman Though I have many doubts about the this highly successful ·event. I wish to from Texas? augment this evidence by inserting the wisdom of H.R. 12082, I have voted for There was no objection. this legislation in the belief that the Na­ proclamation issued by Governor Law­ tional Security Agency is what might be Mr. FLOOD. Mr. Speaker, in all the rence, of Pennsylvania, the proclamation termed a "hypersensitive" Government comments made about Cuba today it is of the commissioners of the county of agency. Its subject matter is extremely strange. indeed. that few characterize it Allegheny, Pa., the Pittsburgh program delicate and men who work in the NSA for what it has been for some time--a of Captive Nations Week, the .fine reso­ take on special obligations. I feel it is captive nation. In both the 1961 and lutions passed by the Pittsburgh a.ssem­ fair to provide procedures comparable to 1962 Captive Nations Week observances bly, and the report in the July 16 issue the CIA and AEC in this Agency, al­ the captive status of CUba was empha­ of the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette on though it could be argued that in all of sized, and many in this country thought "U.S.S.R. Called a Giant With Feet of these agencies some reforms might be in this was a gross exaggeration. Amer­ Clay." order. Since no one is obliged to take icans of Cuban background participated With fitting tribute paid to Commis­ work in this specialized Agency, and since in these observances in Chicago, New sioner John E. McGrady and Mr. it is best to err on the side of caution York, Washington, and elsewhere, and Michael Komichak, respective chairman in this area of national ·security, I be­ many could not understand the meaning and secretary of the Captive Nations lieve the bill should be supported. of their presence. Last year and this, Committee of Allegheny County, whose However. H.R. 11363 is another matter. calls for specific and positive action leadership and work made the Pittsburgh This bill does not affect Government toward CUba were sounded during these observance one of the best in the country, agencies. It is not concerned with a observances-calls for a complete block­ I request that this material be printed specialized group of security experts. ade, recognition of a goverrunent-in­ in the RECORD. Rather it deals with the daily work of 5 exile, and the formation of a free Cuban In addition, for those who think we million private employees. It would per­ liberation army-but logic and foresight cannot place Moscow under heavy cold mit the Secretary of Defense to effec­ have had to await the pressures of reality war pressure, I need just cite one ex­ tively wipe out due process rights of all and the gradual takeover of Cuba by im­ ample for the RECORD, that of the cruel the employees in industry and education perialist Moscow. and prolonged imprisonment of Metro­ who come under this program. A SOLID REPLY TO KHRUSHCHEV politan Joseph Slipy of the genocided If this bill were passed, access· to in­ Cuba is indeed a captive nation. This Ukrainian Catholic Church in the formation could be denied to millions of we are witnessing daily now. The re­ U.S.S.R. I request that the sermon de­ men because of an informer's testimony. sources of other captive nations in East­ livered by Richard Cardinal Cushing on They would have no way to prove .they ern Europe and Asia are being steadily "A Prelate Under Red Coexistence," as 19972 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE September 19 published in the June 7 issue of America said board at a special meeting thereof duly Resolved by the representatives of the and the Pastoral Letter of the Ukrainian held on the 11th day of July, 1962, as the captive nations here assembled, That the same appears in the minutes of said meeting principles of the Atlantic Charter be reaf­ Catholic Hierarchy of the free world also duly recorded in said board's minute book firmed, and that the Government of the be printed in the RECORD in support of volume 43. United States be respectfully requested to my remarks: Witness my hand and the seal of said repronounce its adherence to the Atlantic PROCLAMATION : CAPTIVE NATION'S WEEK­ county of Allegheny hereto affixed this 11th Charter and thus give hope and confidence JULY 15 THROUGH 21 , 1962 day of July 1962. to the peoples of the captive nations for Whereas the Senate and the House of MURRAY W. SNYDER, their peaceful liberation from Communist Representatives of the United States of Chief Clerk. tyranny. America has, by resolution, requested and CAPTIVE NATIONS WEEK-RESOLUTION III authorized the President of the United CAPTIVE NATIONS COMMITTEE States to designate the week of July 15 OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, Whereas the captive nations, including through 21 , 1962, as Captive Nations Week; Pi ttsburgh, Pa. those once independent nations in the so­ and called U.S.S.R., were suppressed by fraud, Whereas the President of the United States CAPTIVE NATIONS' OBSERVANCE, KENNYWOOD violence, and brute military force of Soviet h as, by such proclamation, invited the peo­ PARK, SUNDAY, JULY 15, 1962, 5 P.M. Russian imperialism and are being denied ple of the United States to observe such week Parade, park to stage, 4 :50 p.m.: U.S. their freedom and independence, and wit h the appropriate ceremonies and activi­ Marine Corps; color guard and captive na­ Whereas since 1920 Soviet Russia has ex­ ties; and tions flags. tended its control over 18 countries, while Whereas the citizens of the Common­ "Star-Spangled Banner": Robert Spikula; since 1945 over 40 nations have won their wealth of Pennsylvania are fully aware and accompanist, Michael E. Darkoch. independence from Western colonial control: grieve of the plight of those m ade captive Pledge of Allegiance: Laszlo Pas tor, former Now, therefore, be it under the heavy yoke of Russian commu­ Hungarian freedom fighter. Resolved, That the United Nations General nism; and Invocation: Bishop John J . Wright. Assembly debate the issue of Soviet Russian Whereas it is deemed appropriate to call Introduction of Michael Komichak: Master colonialism which, through such deceiving for a public observance of this occasion so of ceremonies, Commissioner John E. Mc­ entities as "constituent republics" and "peo­ that our knowledge and sympathies may be Grady. ples' democracies", is waging a policy of declared: Now, therefore, Reading of proclamations: Judge Ruggero ruthless colonialism; be it further I , David L. Lawrence, Governor of the Com­ J. Aldisert. Resolved, That the United Nations insist monwealth of Pennsylvania, do hereby des­ Address: Gov. David L. Lawrence. on the withdrawal of Soviet Russian troops ignate the week beginning July 15, 1962, as Introduction of honored guests. from all occupied territories to within the Captive Nations Week. I invite all Pennsyl­ Main address: Dr. Lev E. Dobriansky. ethnographic boundaries of Russia proper vanians to observe this occasion with ap­ Reading of resolutions: Judge John 0. and that free and unfettered elections be propriate activity so that all may be made Brosky. held in all the captive nations. aware of the unfortunate status of those Remarks: State Senator Leonard C. Staisey. enslaved behind the Iron Curtain and to Benediction: Rev. Basil Gregory. CAPTIVE NATIONS WEEK-RESOLUTION IV reaffirm our determination to keep our Na­ Folk songs and dances. Whereas the greatest fear held by the lead­ tion free to help others obtain equal STATEMENTS ers of international communism is that the freedom. Yugoslavs: State Senator Leonard C. people of the free world w.U.l awaken to the Given under my hand and the great seal true nature of the vast empire which they of the State, at the city of Harrisburg, this Staisey. Hungarians: Attorney Bill Karlowitz, Mrs. have established by subversion, terror, and 9th day of July 1962, and of the Common­ armed aggression; and wealth the 187th. Louis Smith. Lithuanians: Attorney Stanley Simon. Whereas it is imperative that the African DAVID L. LAWRENCE, and Latin American countries be made aware Governor. Polish: Wence Dalegowski. Slovaks: Paul C. Kazimer. of the traditional imperialism and coloni­ By the Governor. alism of Moscow; Now, therefore, be it E. JAMES TRUMARCHI, Jr., Ukrainians: Dr. Peter Stercho, St. Vincent's College. Resolved, That a permanent Committee on Secretary of the Common wealth. the Captive Nations be established in the House of Representatives to study the plight CAPTIVE NATIONS WEEK-RESOLUTION I PROCLAMATION of the captive nations and thus bring to the Whereas the 1 billion captives in the attention of the uncommitted nations, and "Whereas by a joint resolut ion of the Con­ Eurasian empire of Moscow and Peiping are those on the verge of committing themselves gress of the United States the third week of suffering from undernourishment, and in in favor of communism, the consequences of July has been designated as 'Captive Nations some instances starvation, because of the Communist alinement. Week'; and inability of the so-called Communist econ­ "Whereas the people of the county of Al­ omies to feed adequately the captive peo­ [From the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, July 16, legheny are linked to the captive nations ples; and 1962] through bonds of family, religion and the be­ lief in democratic principles; and Whereas the food capability of the U.S. U.S.S.R. CALLED A GIANT WITH FEET OF "Whereas these nations have been made economy exceeds that of all "Communist CLAY-CAPTIVE NATIONS COMMITTEE captive by the imperialistic, aggressive and economies" combined: Now, therefore, be it LEADER, HERE FOR FREEDOM RALLY, HITS heartless policies of Soviet Russia, which Resolved, therefore, That the U.S. Govern­ RED MYTH have deprived them of their national inde­ ment offer food to any of the captive peo­ The U.S.S.R. is a giant with feet of clay pendence and individual liberties; and ples, both within and outside the U.S.S.R. that will crumble through truth, an expert "Whereas it ls in the American tradition and China, provided it is stamped "Food on communism and the Soviet Union said to advocate the dignity of man, his freedom for Freedom" and is distributed by the In­ here yesterday. from tyranny and his right to self-determina­ ternational Red Cross. Dr. Lev E. Dobriansky, chairman of Na­ tion of the form of government he prefers, tional Captive Nations Committee and origi­ "Now, therefore, we, the commissioners of CAPTIVE NATIONS WEEK-RESOLUTION II nator of the Captive Nations Week resolu­ the county of Allegheny, do hereby desig­ Whereas the Allied nations, through their tion passed by Congress, gave his views in an nate the week beginning July 15, 1962, as representatives, adopted the Atlantic Char­ interview before speaking at a freedom rally 'Captive Nations Week.' ter in which they proclaimed that they "de­ in Kennywood Park. "We urge the people of Allegheny County sire to see no territorial changes that do Dr. Dobriansky said that one of the chief to join with the Captive Nations Committee not accord with the freely expressed wishes deceits about Russia is "the myth of Soviet of Allegheny County in observing the plight of the people concerned;" and unity." Within the U.S.S.R., he said, are 15 of the Communist-dominated nations and non-Russian "captive" nations with a popu­ Whereas the signatory nations to the At­ lation of 114 million. in the support of the just aspirations of the lantic Charter "respect the right of all peo­ people of the captive nations. ples to choose the form of government un­ NINETY-SIX MILLION POPULATION "We especially encourage everyone to mani­ der which they will live; and they wish to Russia itself, according to Dr. Dobriansky fest his or her interest in tp.e people im­ see sovereign right.5 and self government re­ has a population of only 96 million. prisoned in the captive nations by their stored to those who have been forcibly de­ These captive nations are not the ones attendance at the civic observance of the prived of them;" and Americans usually think of as being cap­ Captive Nations Week to be held at Kenny­ Whereas the Atlantic Charter guaranteed tive-Yugoslavia, Hungary or Bulgaria. wood Park on Sunday afternoon, July 15, the four freedoms to all populations of the Instead they bear the exotic and relatively 1962, at 5 p.m., eastern daylight saving time." world; and unknown names of Kazakh (9.3 million), I , Murray W. Snyder, chief clerk for the Wh ereas Russia was one of the nations ac­ Idel-Ural (15 million) or Uzbek (8.1 mil­ Board of County Commissioners of the cepting the Atlantic Charter, but has since lion). County of Allegheny, Pa., do hereby certify repudiated her commitments and enslaved One of Dr. Dobriansky's purposes ls to the foregoing to be a true and correct copy over a score of nations against the wishes make these and the other names household of a certain proclamation duly adopted by of their peoples: Now, therefore, be it words. 1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 19973 MUS'l' ExPLODE ,M'Yl'U who amidst constant threats of persecution faith who can surpass that record. In the "We must build up the image of the and death cherish and practice to the best early church Christians were thrown to the United Stat es and explode the myth of Soviet of thelr ability, the faith of their fathers. lions, tortured, starved, crucified and burned unity," he said. Priests are being ordained and bishops con­ at the stake. But these tortures were of One way he attempted to do tbis w,as secrated. Thus the Ukrainian Church still brief duration, in comparison to the pro­ through the formation of the Na tional Ca.p­ lives although it is a "church in silence" longed imprisonment with its accompany­ tive Nations Committee, awaiting the day when the Iron Curtain wm ing tortures of mind and body to which "This and the Captive Nations Week res­ be lifted and freedom of speech, assembly, A"chbishop Blipy has been subjected, for olution are the structural apparatus," he and religion will once again be possible. aln:ost one-half of his entire priesthood of said, The next step, he believes will come When that day dawns, and sooner or later it 40 years. with the establishment of a Freedom Com­ will dawn, for injustice and slavery, persecu­ In our day we can recall Cardinal Stepinac mittee in Congress. tion and treachery can last for awhile and of Yugoslavia and Cardinal Mindzenty of The Freedom Committee, which is now on'ly awhile-in the end truth, justice-God Hungary with other priests, prelates and lay being studied by the Senate Foreign Rela­ will prevail-then the hundreds of thousands Catholics who suffered from the cruel torture tions Committee, could be the forerunner of of Catholics of Ukrainian origin now wor­ of communism. But few, if any, survived a Freedom Academy. shipping in almost 200 parishes, in 8 the long imprisonment of Archbishop Slipy. dioceses, with about 300 priests will extend SIMILAR TO WAR COL'LEGE Stepinac was released from prison shortly their aid to their persecuted brethren and before his death and died a free man. Min­ The Academy, Dr. Dobriansky said, would the Catholic Church of Ukraine shall arise dzenty is now in protective custody of the be simUar to the War College, where men from the tomb and enjoy a triumphant American consulate in Budapest. But the from different levels and fields would train resurrection. great archbishop of the Ukrain ians still sur­ for a year tn psychopolitical warfare. Symbolic of the passiontide and crucifixion vives as prisoner of the Communist regime Dr. Dobriansky also remarked that the of the church in his country is the living that since 1945 has reduced the Ukrainian Captive Nations Week being obllerved in this martyr of the Ukrainian Catholic Church, Catholic Church to the sorrowful plight of country this week is having a counterpart Metropolitan Joseph Slipy, whose 70th birth­ the "Church of the Catacombs." More than observance in Formosa and the offshore day we are commemorating this afternoon. 2,000 diocesan priests and religious have been islands of Querooy and Matsu. What manner of churchman is this man arrested and deported to slave labor camps Dr. Do briansky spoke on Quemoy Island of God? He is a scholar of great renown. because they refused to acknowledge the last January in answer to an invitation by He is one o! the great confessors of the faith patriareh of the Russian Orthodox Church Chiang Kai-shek. In addition to his work in modern times. Born o! comparatively as their supreme head in place of the vicar with captive nations, Dr. Dobriansky 1s ,an wealthy parents, he distinguished himself as of Christ, the bishop of Rome, the sovereign associate professor of economics at George­ a seminarian and a priest for scholarship and pontiff of the universal chureh. The once­ town University and a staff member of piety. Linguist, theologian, editor, rector of flourishing dioceses of the Ukrainian Catho­ Georgetown's Institute of Ethnic Studies. a seminary, lecturer, authority on art and lic Church have been liquidated. Almost LAWRENCE SPEAKS literature, he became the pride and joy of 5,000 churches and chapels and 200 religious Governor Lawrence also spoke at the his people. It was no surprise, therefore, houses have been desecrated. The bishops Kennywood rally, which was sponsored by that, when Metropolitan Sheptitsky, as he that once inspired, instructed and guided the Captive Nations Committee of Allegheny advanced in years ,and ill bealth, requested the Catholic people have been ,exiled or im­ County. the Holy See to appoint Father Slipy as his prisoned. Only one remains as a living sym­ Lawrence, in speaking of countries who coadjutor bishop with the right to succeed bol of the Ukrainian unit of the mystical are not free, said: him. On November 25, 1939, he became an body of Christ, that was doomed to death "It is to these people that we turn our archbishop and later succeeded his metro­ by communism, but fated not to die. hearts and our hands today; it is to them politan. Before long his long "way of the Behold the Man of God. Another Christ, that we offer our hope; it is for them that cross" began. In the war between Germany still erect, still persevering in his divine VO• we offer our prayers and our pledge to our and Russia he suffered a foretaste of what cation, still carrying on although worn and own country." was to come. wasted at the age of 70, more than 17 years He was marked for death which be awaited in prison, subsisting on little nourishment, fFrom America, June 7, 1962] with patience after sutf,ering one humiliation suffering all kinds of indignities, praying and after another. l3ut his choice of suffering uniting his agony with that of Christ Him­ A .PRELATE UNDER REI> 00EXISTENCJ1: was to be filled with greater and more severe self-and all because he would not deny the (Sermon delivered by Richard Cardinal persecution. Jn l944, on All Saints Day, faith of his fathers, of his priests, and peo .. Cushing at a Solemn Pontifical Mass of the Metropolitan Andrew Sheptitsky died and ple and their fidelity to the Apostolic See. Byzantine Rite in the Basilica of Our Lady his faithful coactjutor archbishop succeeded Saddened though we are by the pitiable of Perpetual Help Mission Church, Rc.xbury, him. A few months of peace followed and state to which this spiritual giant has been Mass., on May 6, in honor of the 70th birth­ then the Bolshevik forces began the liquida­ reduced, we are forced out of our compla­ day of Metropolitan ,Joseph Slipy.~ tion of tbe Ukrainian Catholic Church, cency and apathy by his extraordinary exam­ The native land of the Ukrainians is locat­ They first assailed in booklet form the char­ ple to cry out to all those who follow the ed in southeastern Europe. Centuries ago it acter of the !ormer metropolitan, But the communistic line or who think we can co­ was a powerful state, rlch in history and tra­ late Pope Pius XII put the lle on that docu­ exist with an atheistic plot to dominate the ditions with a population of about ·50 million, ment when 1n later years he wrote: "The world: Behold the Ukrainians of whom Constant wars of aggression by foreign ene­ memory of Metropolitan Sheptitsky ls for­ Archbishop Slipy is a symbol, behold Hun­ mies weakened the nation but never killed ever a blessing for the Catholic Church, It gary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, China, Rus­ the 'Spirit of patriotism that inspired its will safeguard the memory o! his fervent zeal sia itself and learn at last that we cannot people. tor souls and of his constant courage ln the trust a regime rooted ~n atheism, propaga­ Before the year 1000 Christianity under the defeme .of his country." ting a false economic, social, anPrague, and Pinsk. olics in the United States; John Buczko, D.D., in order that he might serve the Lord. Per­ There he delivered his lectures. In addition archbishop of Leucadia and apostolic visita­ ceiving the very desirable characteristics of he organized and presided over a similar tor for Ukrainians of Western Europe; Neil spirit and intellect in the young student, gathering held at Lviw. Following the ex­ Savaryn, OSBM, D.D., bishop of Edmonton, Metropolitan Andrey Sheptitsky sent him ample of Metropolitan Sheptitsky he main­ Canada; Isidore Borecky, D.D., bishop of To­ for advanced studies to Innsbruck, from tained friendly relations with our orthodox ronto, Canada; Andrew Roborecki, D.D., bish­ which in 1918 he received a doctorate in brethren who in a similar manner were in­ op of Saskatoon, Canada; Joseph M. Schmon­ theology. In the same university, he wrote terested in the return to unity and who diuk, D.D., bishop of Stamford, United States; in German in 1923 a thesis on "The Teach­ studied the causes of church disharmony. Jaroslav Gabro, D.D., bishop of Chicago, ings of the Byzantine Patriarch Photius on Another interest that Father Slipy had United States; John Prashko, D.D., apostolic the Holy Trinity." Besides theological was that of looking for and collecting old exarch for Ukrainian Catholics in Australia; studies, the Reverend Slipy broadened his specimens of liturgical art, decoration, and Platon Kornyljak, D.D., apostolic exarch for studies in philosophy, philology and art on print. Frequently such precious articles Ukrainian Catholics in Germany; Volodimir the university level. From 1920 and on he were to be found in the churches and homes Malanchuk, CSSR, D.D., apostolic exarch for matriculated at these universities: Grego­ of Halychyna (western Ukraine). He ac­ Ukrainian Catholics in France; Joseph Mar­ rianum, Angelicum, Oriental Institute in quired many such treasures and presented tinets, OSBM, D.D., auxiliary for Ukrainian Rome. After completing a dissertation in them for permanence and safekeeping to the Catholics in Brazil; Andrew Sapelak, SDB, Latin about the Holy Trinity, he received museum at the seminary of Lviw. The mu­ D.D., apostolic visitator for Ukrainian Cath­ from Gregorianum the degree of "magister seum was established and supervised by him. olics in Argentina; Augustin.e Hornyak, agregatus." During the course of his edu­ In the midst of his energetic labors, wide­ OSBM, D.D., auxiliary for Ukrainian Cath­ cation he perfected his knowledge of the clas­ spread interests, and great plans for the ex­ olics in England.) sical languages and learned German, French, pansion of the theological academy into a To the very reverend and reverend clergy, Italian, Russian and English. All these full Catholic university came World War II. the venerable members of the religious com­ subjects were attended to with diligence METROPOLITAN SLIPY AS CONFESSOR munities, and the faithful, peace in the Lord and proved to be a suitable preparation for In, 1939 during the Bolshevik occupation, and episcopal blessings. "I am the good his labors in Christ's vineyard, particularly Metropolitan Sheptitsky, poor in health and shepherd. The good shepherd giveth his in those departments in which the Church advanced in years, requested that the Holy life for his sheep"-John 10: 11. ha.cl most need-in the training of as many See grant him an auxiliary bishop with co­ Very reverend and reverend fathers, re­ as possible highly educated candidates for adjutor rights. For this office he suggested ligious, and dear brethren in Christ who re­ the priesthood and the development of the­ Rev. Rector Slipy to be the best candidate, side in the free world, a very significant an­ ological studies, especially in those branches for Metropolitan Sheptitsky highly regarded niversary in the history of our church is the which were important for better mutual un­ his close coworker for his deep piety, ardu­ occasion for this jointly issued pastoral let­ derstanding between East and West. ous labors, organizational ability, and broad ter to you, dearly beloved in Christ. On the METROPOLITAN SLIPY--THEOLOGIAN, ORGANIZER, erudition. On November 25, 1939, the 17th day of February of this year, 1962, oc­ AND AUTHOR apostolic see nominated Father Rector Slipy curs the 70th birthday of our metropolitan After this thorough preparation, the young archbishop with the right to succession of and head of the Ukrainian Catholic Church the archdiocese and metropolitan see of in Ukraine-the Most Reverend Joseph Slipy. scholar returned to his archdiocese where he was assigned in 1922 by Metropolitan Halych. The anniversary cannot be observed by him The archepiscopal consecration was ob­ in his own Cathedral of Saint George in Lviw. Sheptitsky to be professor of dogmatics at the theological branch of the Seminary of served secretly in the metropolitan's private It will not be noted in liberty, but rather in chapel on the Feast of the Immaculate Con­ exile in a cold Siberian dungeon. Our hearts Lviw. In the following year he became one of the organizers of the Scientific Theo­ ception of the Blessed Virgin Mary (accord­ are pained when we dwell upon the great ing to the Julian Calendar), December 22, tragedy which our Ukrainian nation suffers logical Society, founded the theological quar­ terly "Bohosloviya" (theology) , and became 1939. The consecrators were their excellen­ with our church in Europe and with its cies, Metropolitan Sheptitsky, Bishop Ni­ highest ecclesiastic, Metropolitan Joseph its chief editor-an office he kept until the publication was liquidated by the Bolsheviks. cethas Budka, and Bishop Nicholas Charnet­ Slipy. The soul of every Ukrainian cannot sky. The circumstances of this event were help but be profoundly moved by the per­ The society and publication as well as his teaching became his principal occupations; indicative of the great cross divine provi­ sonal misfortune of Metropolitan Slipy as an dence was placing upon the shoulders of individual deprived .unjustly by a godless an.cl in great measure these contributed to the progress of the theological studies of our Archbishop Slipy. Of this he was fully government of his ecclesiastical dignity, of aware. The road to Calvary began for him personal freedom, of the rights fundamental priesthood, as well as to the Catholic Church in general. with the very first occupation of Halychyna. to each human being, and as an individual and almost ended with the retreat of the who in no way has committed an act con­ In 1926 Metropolitan Sheptitsky appointed Bolsheviks during the German-Russian trary to the discipline of the law. Metro­ the eminent theologian and outstanding or­ battles. Mir-aculously he was rescued from politan Joseph Slipy suffers simply because ganizer, Father Slipy, to be the rector of the being shot. "The NKVD's tore off my he has remained steadfast to his God, to his seminary; and the Scientific Theological So­ cassock. We made an act of contrition and church, and to its Supreme Pontiff, the suc­ ciety chose him to be their presiding officer. awaited death," wrote the archbishop. cessor to Saint Peter, the Holy Father, Pope In both positions he proved to be truly a The Lord, however, had prepared for him of Rome; and because of his immeasurable man of great learning as well as an inde· a full chalice which was not to be drained love for his people. This very loyalty to the fatigable laborer for the welfare of his then and which brims over to the present most high, to the Apostolic See, to church church and people. For his distinguished day. After the death of Metropolitan An­ and country, and this sacrifice on his part services in education, the oldest Ukrainian drey Sheptitsky on November 1, 1944, Arch­ become for us a sacred trust and a source intellectual organization, the Shevchenko bishop Joseph Slipy assumed his duties in of great pride, pride in the fact that our Scientific Society, selected him in 1930 to the Metropolitan Se.e of Halych with the church is headed by such a godly man who become a member. Meanwhile in 1928 he was consent of the Apostolic See. For a few has not surrendered to the power of evil, but assigned by Metropolitan Sheptitsky the task months it was a time of waiting; but quickly who has remained faithful with the help of organizing a theological academy along the godless forces began their attacks upon of divine grace to the holy ideals for which he the lines of the universities of Western Eu­ the Ukrainian Catholic Church. They were dedicated himself in his youth, and for which rope; and he was appointed by the Metro­ set off with a disgraceful brochure which he offers himself to Christ every day he lives. politan to be its first rector, an office which maligned the late Metropolitan Sheptitsky Verily can Metropolitan Slipy repeat the still more manifested his tremendous peda­ whose memory was highly regarded and about words of Saint Paul in his epistle to the gogical and organizational skills. Both whom: Pope Pius XII said in 1952: "His mem­ Galatians: "With Christ I am nailed to the prior to this new post and during it he also ory will become forever a blessing in Christ's cross. And I live, now not I: but Christ undertook frequent journeys to Western Eu­ Church, which will safeguard the memory liveth in me. And that I live now in the ropean countries where he visited Catholic of his fervent zeal for the salvation of flesh: I live in the faith of the Son of God, educational institutions, observed their pro-" souls and of his constant courage in the who loved me and delivered himself for me" cedures and systems, and then introduced defense of this nation." (A.A.S. v. XLIV (Galatians 2: 19-20). their strongest points into the theological 1952, p. 877.) academy. His last such trip was to England METROPOLITAN JOSEPH SLIPY-PREPARATION FOR Shortly after the appearance of this ill 1935. printed slander (April 6, 1945), the Soviets AND DEDICATION TO GOD, CHURCH, AND PEO­ In addition, from 1929 and on, he was the PLE arrested Metropolitan Slipy on April 11, 1945, coeditor of Niva (the Soil), a monthly organ together with all the other bishops of the As early as in his youth, Joseph Slipy, the for clergy. Besides that he was cowriter of Province of Halych: Bishop Gregory Khromy­ son of wealthy parents of the Podilya region the Velehrad Acts plus other domestic and shyn, Bishop John Latyshevsky, Bishop ( Western Ukraine) , distinguished himself foreign publications which dealt with the­ Nicholas Charnetsky, C.S.S.R., and Bishop with his outstanding abilities, industry and ology and unity problems. Nykyta Budka. Later on Bishop Josaphat piety. Though he had the opportunity to Church unity was always a subject that Kocylowsky, O.S.B.M. and Bishop Gregory study any secular profession, after complet­ interested him and his predecessor, Metro­ Lakota were also imprisoned. Of these in­ lng his gymnasium studies at Ternopll in politan Sheptitsky. Father Rector Slipy con- cidents the supreme pontiff, Pope Pius XII 1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 19975 wrote in his encyclical, "Orientales Ecclesias" trials he had to bear in slavery. The event not distressed; we are sore pressed, but are of Decetttber 15, 1952: "We sadly turn our was observed in quiet prayer for his inten­ not destitute; we suffer persecution, but are thoughts and affection to another people,· tion. However, the Holy Father, Pope Pius not forsaken; we are cast down, but we truly dear to us; namely, to the people of XII, desired to express his paternal solici­ perish not. For we who live are always de­ Ukraine, among whom are not a few of the tude and regard for the metropolitan-martyr. livered unto death for Jesus' sake; that the faithful, who look toward Rome with im­ On Christmas of 1957 His Holiness released life also of Jesus may be made manifest in mense desire and earnest love, and venerate an apostolic statement with greetings, good our mortal flesh" (2 Corinthians 4:8). this Apostolic See as the center of Chris­ wishes, and blessing to "venerable brother, And Christ, our Divine High Priest, cer­ tianity, and as the infallible teacher of Joseph Slipy, metropolitan of Halych, arch­ tainly assists generously His faithful servant Christian truth by reason of the mandate bishop of Lviw, bishop of Kamyanets from in order that he would emerge from this of Jesus Christ. This people, nevertheless, Pope Pius XII, venerable brother, greetings difficult battle crying out the words of St. as we h ave learned with overwhelming grief, and apostolic blessings. Paul in his second epistle to Timothy: "I are oppressed in no smaller degree with "The 40th anniversary of your priesthood have fought a good fight, I have finished my persecution and find themselves already for which recently occurred gives us the oppor­ course, I have kept the faith. As to the rest, some time in a situation no less grave than tunity to express to you our love and respect there is laid up for me a crown of justice, the other peoples. In a special way we and our concern to comfort vou in exile in which the Lord the Just Judge will render would recall the memory of those bishops the midst of your suffering. We know that to me" (4: 7-8). of the oriental rite,1 who were among the upon the completion of 18 years of the priest­ And all of us, dearly beloved, having first in the defense of their religion to en­ hood you accepted and zealously fulfilled your greeted our most venerable jubilarian on his dure hardship, affliction and outrage; who, pastoral service in the Lviw Eparchy, first 70th anniversary with best wishes, let us transported to the city of Kiev, were there as auxiliary coadjutor with rights of succes­ unite with him in those heartfelt feelings tried and condemned to various punish­ sion with the consent of the archbishop and let us thank the merciful God that He ments-in the city of Kiev, we say, whence ordinary. Because of your fidelity to this gave us such an illustrious archbishop. Let once shone forth throughout all those Apostolic see you were sentenced to imprison­ us give thanks for all those graces which regions the light of Christian doctrine, and ment and thus forced to leave your faithful were granted to him by our Lord throughout whence Christian worship was propagated. flock. Then you were imprisoned in various his life until now and let us ask Him so that Some of these have aiready met a glorious prisons and finally carried off to Siberia He would keep him for us and present him death, and so, as one may hope, from the where you now are in a faraway place, with the richest love for many years to come, abode of heavenly blessedness, which they Maklakovo, laboring as a servant and guard until the triumph of Christ's kingdom in our enjoy, lovingly look down upon their sons at a home for the handicapped. Therefore, native Ukraine and in the whole world. and their companions in their unarmed we express our heartfelt gratitude to you, On this day on which we commemorate struggled, and implore for them the all­ venerable brother, for the zealous fulfillment the birth of our suffering archbishop, let us­ powerful protection of God." In March 1946 of your priestly and pastoral office at the increase our humble petitions, so that these at Kiev Metropolitan Slipy was sentenced cost of freedom; and because you chose 'to lofty Christ-like ideals for which he suffers for a term of 8 years to a prison in the carry disgrace for the naine of Jesus,' we and offers himself as a supreme sacrifice, Siberian wastelands. arduously implore the Divine Infant Jesus would bloom sooner. Let his fervent wish to GOLGOTHA OF METROPOLITAN SLIPY to graciously comfort and strengthen your see the Ukrainian nation united in one, holy soul in the midst of many discomforts and Catholic and apostolic church, under the in­ We do not know in detail what trials and unpleasantness. Meanwhile as a sign of cer­ terrors Metropolitan Slipy has had to en­ fallible guidance of the highest supreme pas­ tain heavenly protection and our particular tor, come true. _dure. For many years nothing was heard affection we bestow upon you, venerable of or from him. About 10 years ago there Exalting the heroic efforts of our metro­ brother, with our wholeheart our apostolic politan confessor before God and before the was a rumor-most likely one released by benediction. the Soviet regime itself-that he had died. world, let us repeat, dearly beloved, our But later this was learned to be false; and "Given in Rome at Saint Peter's, on the ardent prayer crusade, so that God may information came that he was alive, had 25th day of the month of December on the grant a better future for our holy church been sent to hard labor, yet maintained a Nativity of our Lord Jesus Christ, in the and for our Ukrainian nation. Let us bring spirit of fortitude and even uplifted those year 1957, during the 19th year of our reign to the attention of other nations the injus­ suffering with him. It was hoped that after as supreme pontiff. tice which is perpetrated in our native land serving his 8-year sentence he would be POPE PIUS XII." and let us ask their participation in our released from prison in 1954. But this did (Uryadoviy Veesnyk A. V. 1959, ·Nos. 1-3, prayer crusade for God-given and human not come to pass. News came· of his being pp. 38-40.) rights for our church and our nation. Let tried again, in Moscow, then later in Kiev We regret that we do not have any answer our voice also be heard by the mighty na­ where he was tried and sentenced anew for from the most eminent addressee about re­ tions of this world that often talk so much so-called crimes against the Muscovite gov­ ceiving this papal letter although we can about the rights of man and liberty of na­ ernment. The government demanded that guess that he received it, and that it was a tions and hardly any of them have the cour­ he make a public break from the Holy See great joy to him in his sad state. age to stand up and defend these rights for of Rome and transfer his allegiance to Soviet METROPOLITAN SLIPY AS THE GOOD SHEPHERD our nation. Let our voice also be heard by Orthodoxy. In fact he was diabolically those that have put the chains of bondage tempted-as was Jesus Christ tempted by Great are the courage and the constancy on our people, so that they realize and do diabolical cunning-with various high posi­ in holy faith of Metropolitan Joseph Slipy, penance for their evils. We turn to them to­ tions, on condition that he merely reject his who as the "Good Shepherd gives His life gether with our bishop-jubilarian with the Catholic Church. Neither tortures, a triple for His flock" ( John 10: 11) . He did not sur­ words of Isaias the prophet: "Mighty ones sentence, nor imprisonment have forced him render before the godless government, did humble yourselves, because God is with us" to deny his faith-an act which would very not deny his Catholic Church and did not (8: 9). much please the Soviet regime. As did Saint betray his sheep. He was not afraid of suf­ fering and with repugnance discharged the "The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ, and Paul and the early martyrs and confessors, the love of God and the Father, and the com­ so does he bear all: "In all things we suffer sly and treacherous promises of the atheistic government. He is aware that the eyes of munion of the Holy Ghost, be with you tribulation, but are not distressed. We are all"-II Corinthians 13: 13. straightened: but are not destitute. We his unfortunate faithful in the Ukraine, who are also persecuted because of their faith, Given in Winnipeg, Philadelphia, Rome, suffer persecution: but are not forsaken. We Edmonton, Toronto, Saskatoon, Stamford, are cast down: but we perish not. For we are turned to him. Not only are they gaz­ ing upon him as their suffering bishop, but Chicago, Melbourne, Munich, Paris, Curitibi, who live are always delivered unto death Buenos Aires, London, on the 17th day of for Jesus' sake: that the life also of Jesus also those whom he would want to win for Christ and for church unity. For this rea­ February in the year of our Lord 1962. may be manifest in our mortal flesh" (2 Maxime, Metropolitan-Archbishop; John, Corinthians 4: 8-9, 11) . son, he carries the burdensome chains of imprisonment, and these chains, according Archbishop; Isidore, Bishop; Joseph, During the next 7-year term in imprison­ Bishop; John, Bishop; Volodimir, ment in Siberia, specifically in 1957, the 40th to the words of His Holiness, Pope Pius XII, will surely speak louder to the faithful and Bishop; Andrew, Bishop; Ambrose, anniversary of Metropolitan Slipy's priest­ Metropolitan-Archbishop; Neil, Bish­ hood occurred. The Ukrainian Catholic the unfaithful than the living word (Pro Ecc.). op; Andrew, Bishop; Jaroslav, Bishop; faithful in the free world decided to keep Platon, Bishop; Joseph, Bishop; Au­ from public notice their feelings lest any Although he is physically weak, he is al­ gustine, Bishop. demonstration or statement increase the ways spiritually strong. He looks to the crucified Christ and is enraptured with the (It is requested that all the Very Rever­ end and Reverend Fathers offer the Divine 1 Regarding additional bishops: in 1947 limitless love that God has for us; and from this he obtains new strength for endurance Liturgy on the birthday of Metropolitan the Communists murdered Bishop Theodore Joseph Slipy for the intention of His Ex­ Romza of Uzhorod, Carpathian Ukraine; in and immunity for all discomforts, and phys­ 1950 Bishops Paul Gojdich, O.S.B.M. and ical and moral suffering. Patiently, resign­ cellency, and that the faithful be exhorted Basil Hopko of Pryashiv,-Czechoslovakia, were ing himself to the will of God, he endures to do works of penance, offer prayers, and imprisoned. In 1951 Bishop Gojdich was everything. It is appropriate, therefore, to receive the Holy Sacraments for the inten­ condemned to forced labor for life; Bishop quote St. Paul's letter to the Corinthians: tion of our church and for its Prime Hi­ Hopko is in a concentration camp. "In all thin gs we suffer tribulation, but are erarch, the Most Revend Joseph Slipy). 19976 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE September 19 SOVIET BID TO DOMINATE by the United States. Russia. has 169 · Mr. MAGNUSON (at the request of freighters, 40 tankers. and 17 passenger­ Mr. WICKERSHAM), for 15 minutes, today. THE SEAS cargo vessels under construction in ship­ Mr. HAGEN of California. Mr. Speak­ yards located in Russia, East Germany, Fin­ Mr. ROGERS of Florida, for 30 minutes, er, I ask unanimous consent to extend land, Yugoslavia, Japan, Italy, Bulgaria, tomorrow. my remarks at this point in the RECORD Poland, Sweden, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Mr. HALPERN (at the request of Mr. and to include extraneous matter. and West Germany. MILLIKEN), for 10 minutes, today. In marine design and gadgetry, Russia is Mr. FLOOD shipbuilding, Russia 1s ordering ves­ SPECIAL ORDERS GRANTED shore; sels at a dizzy pace, outbuilding the United S. 149. An act for the relief of the estate States two for one. This year, according to By unanimous consent, permission to of Gregory J. Kessenich; the authoritative Marine Engineering Log, address the House, following the legisla­ S. 319. An act to am.end part I of the Russia is building 2,086,000 tons of mer­ tive program and any special orders Interstate Commerce Act in order to pro­ chant shipping as contrasted with 1,084,000 hereto!ore entered, was granted to: vide that the provisions of section 4(1) 1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 19977 thereof, relating to long-and-short-haul been apportioned on.a basis which indicates No. 2433) . Referred to the Committee of • charges, shall not apply to express com­ the necessity for a supplemental estimate the Whole House on the State of the Union. p anies; of appropriation; pursuant to section 3679 Mr. COOLEY: Committee on Agriculture. S. 1161. An act to provide for the use of of the Revised Statutes, as amended (31 H.R. 11111. A bill to amend the act of Oc­ lands in the Garrison Dam project by the U.S.C. 665); to the Committee on Appropria­ tober 4, 1961, authorizing the Secretary of Three Affiliated Tribes of the Fort Berthold tions. Agriculture to sell and convey certain lands R eservation; 2539. A letter from the Administrator, in the State of Iowa; without amendment s. 1307. An act to amend section 128 of General Services Administration, transmit­ (Rept. No. 2434). Referred to the Commit­ title 28, United States Code, to constitute ting notice of proposed disposition of low­ tee of the Whole House on the State of the Richland, Wash., a place of holding court grade tungsten ore and low-grade tungsten Union. for the eastern district of Washington, south­ concentrates now held in the national stock­ Mrs. GREEN of Oregon: Committee of con­ ern division, and to waive section 142 of pile, pursuant to the provisions of section ference. H.R. 8900. A bill to authorize as­ title 28, United States Code, with respect to 3(e) of the Strategic and_Critical Materials sistance to public and other non-profit in­ the U.S. District Court for the Eastern Dis­ Stock Piling Act, 50 U.S.C. 98b{e); to the stitutions of higher education in financing trict of Washington, Southern Division, Committee on Armed Services. the construction, rehabilitation, or improve­ holding court at Richland, Wash.; 2540. A letter from the Attorney General, ment of needed academic and related facili­ S. 1924. An act to amend the act of Au­ transmitting a draft of proposed legislation, ties, and to authorize financial assistance for gust 27, 1954 (68 Stat. 868) with respect entitled "A bill to provide for a jury com­ undergraduate study in such institutions, to the Uintah and Ouray Reservation in mission for each U.S. district court, to reg­ and for other purposes (Rept. No. 2435). Utah; ulate its compensation, to prescribe its Ordered to be printed. S. 2357. An act to provide for the .regula­ duties, and for other purposes"; to the Com­ Mr. DAWSON: Committee on Government tion of credit life insurance and credit acci­ mittee on the Judiciary. Operations. Twenty-third report of the Com­ dent and health insurance in the District of 254-1. A letter from the Commissioner, mittee on Government Operations (Rept. Columbia; Immigration and Naturalization Service, No. 2436). Referred to the Committee of the S. 2511. An act to .provide for the produc­ U.S. Department of Justice, transmitting Whole House on the State of the Union. tion and distribution of educational ,and copies of orders suspending deportation of Mr. HENDERSON: Committee on Post Of­ training films for use by· deaf persons, and certain persons, pursuant to section 244(a) fice and Civil Service. H.R. 10569. A bill to for other purposes; (4) of the Immigration and Nationality Act amend title 13, United States Code, to pre­ S. 2696. An act to correct certain land de­ of 1952 (8 U.S.C. 1254(a) (4)); to the Com­ serve the confidential nature of copies of scriptions in the act entitled "An act to de­ mittee on the Judiciary. information filed with the Bureau of the clare that the United States holds in trust 2542. A letter from the Comptroller Gen­ Census on a confidential basis; with amend­ for the pueblos of Santa Ana, Zia, Jemez, San eral of the United States, transmitting a ment (Rept. No. 2437). Referred to the Felipe, Sant o Domingo, Cochiti, Isleta, and report on overcharges by the Shipbuilding House Calendar. San Ildefonso certain public domain lands"; Division of Bethlehem Steel Co., Quincy, Mr. COOLEY: Committee on Agriculture. S. 2971. An act to declare that certain lands Mass., for overhead costs reimbursed by the S. 2859. An act to amend the Federal Crop of the United States are held by the United Government under cost-type contracts Insurance Act, as amended, in order to in­ States in trust for the Jicarilla Apache Tribe awarded by the Department of the Navy and crease the number of new counties in which of the Jicarilla Reservation; the Atomic Energy Commission; to the Com­ crop insurance may be offered each year; S. 3086. An act to provide for a reduction mittee on Government Operations. without amendment (Rept. No. 2438). in the workweek of the Fire Department of Referred to the Committee of the Whole the District of Columbia, arid for other pur- House on the State of the Union. poses; · · REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON PUB­ S. 3154. An act to amend Public Law 86- LIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS 184, an act to provide for the striking of REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON PRI­ medals in commemoration of the 100th anni­ Under clause 2 of rule XIII, reports VATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS vei:s~ry of the .admission of- West Virginia . of committees 'were delivered to the. Clerk in~o the Union as ·a State; for ·Printing ·and reference. to 'the proper Under clause 2 of rule XIII, repQrts · S. 3315. An aet to relieve owners of abut­ calendar, as·foll9ws: · · . of·committees were delivered to the Clerk for printing and reference to the proper . ting property from ' certain assessments in Mr. COOLEY: Committee on Agriculture. connection with the repair of alleys and S. 3120. An act to amend section 6 of the calendar, as follows: sidewalks in the District of ·Colu~pia; .. act .. of , May' 29, 1884; withput amendment Mr. WALTER: Committee on the Judici­ S. 3317. An act to amend the provisions of (Rept. No. 2429). Referred to the Commit­ ary. S. 2711. An act for the relief of Tasia law ·relating to personal property coming tee of the Whole House on the State of the DemetropouJou (Dimitropoulos); without into the custody of the property clerk, Metro­ Union. amendment (Rept. No. 2414). Referred to politan Police Department, and for other Mr. COOLEY: Committee on Agriculture. the Committee of the Whole House. purposes; and S. 3152. An act to provide for the nutri­ Mr. WALTER. Committee on the Judici­ S. 3580. An act to amend the Atomic En­ tional enrichment and sanitary packaging ary. S. 2753. An act for the relief of Duk ergy Community Act of 1955, as amended, of rice prior to its distribution under cer­ Man Lee and Soon Mal Lee; without amend­ to provide for the disposal of federally owned tain Federal programs, including the na­ ment (Rept. No. 2415) . Referred to the properties at Los Alamos, N . Mex., and for tional school lunch program; without Committee of the Whole House. other purposes. amendment (Rept. No. 2430). P,eferred to Mr. WALTER: Committee on the Judici­ the Committee of the Whole House on the ary. S. 2777. An act for the relief of Arild State of the Union. Ericksen Sandli; without amendment (Rept. ADJOURNMENT Mr. DAWSON: Committee on Government No. 2416). Referred to the Committee of the Operations. H .R. 9491. A bill to provide for Whole House. Mr. GONZALEZ. Mr. Speaker, I move the removal of an encumbrance on the title Mr. WALTER: Committee on the Judici­ that the House do now adjourn. of certain real property heretofore conveyed ary. S. 2836. An act for the relief of Carmelo The motion was agreed to; accordingly to the Board of Education of the Vallejo Rafala; without amendment (Rept. No. School District, Vallejo, Calif., by the U.S. 2417). Referred to the Committee of the (at 5 o'clock and 52 minutes p.m.), under Housing Corporation; without amendment Whole House. its previous order, the· House adjourned (Rept. No. 2431). Referred to the Commit­ Mr. WALTER: Committee on the Judiciary. until tomorrow, Thursday, September 20, tee of the Whole House on the State of the S. 2902. An act for the relief of Sumiko 1962, at 10 o'clock a.m. Union. Takahashi; without amendment (Rept. No. Mr. DAWSON: Committee on Government 2418). Referred to the Committee of the Operations. H.R. 12479. A bill to promote Whole House. the orderly transfer of the executive power Mr. WALTER: Committee on the Judiciary. EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS, in connection with the expiration of the S. 2908. An act for the relief of Rosa Fumar­ ETC. , term of office of a President and the inaugu­ ola Balice; without amendment (Rept. No. · Under clause 2 of rule XXIV, execu­ ration of a new President; with amendment 2419). Referred to the Committee of the tive communications were taken from (Rept. No. 2432). Referred to the Commit­ Whole House. tee of the Whole House on the State of the Mr. WALTER: Committee on the Judiciary. the Speaker's table and referred as Union. S. 2950. An act for the relief of Dwijendra follows: Mr. DAWSON: Committee on Government Kumar Misra; without amendment (Rept. 2538. A letter from the Director, Bureau Operations. H.R. 11378. A bill to amend the No. 2420). Referred to the Committee of the of the Budget, Executive Office of the Presi­ Federal Property and Administrative Serv­ Whole House. dent, transmitting a statement relative to ices Act of 1949 so as to permit donations Mr. WALTER: Committee on the Judiciary. reporting that the appropriation to the De­ of surplus property to schools for the men­ S. 2992. An act for the relief of Michelangelo partment of Health, Education, and Welfare tally retarded, schools for the physically Comito (Nati); without amendment (Rept. for "Hospitals and medical care, Public handicapped, educational television stations, No. 2421). Referred to the Committee o! Health Service," for the fiscal year 1963, has and public libraries; with amendment (Rept. the Whole House. 19978 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE September 19 Mr. WALTER: Committee on the Judiciary. PUBLIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS spect to promoting international educational S. 3085. An act for the relief of Paul Huy­ radio and television broadcasting as a means gelen and Luba A. Huygelen; without amend­ Under clause 4 of rule XXII, public of achieving better understanding among ment (Rept. No. 2422). Referr~d to the bills and resolutions were introduced and and promoting education of the peoples of Committee of the Whole House. severally referred as follows: the world; to the· Committee on Interstate Mr. WALTER: Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. DINGELL: and Foreign Commerce. S. 3265. An act for the relief of Despina R.R. 13176. A bill to increase the partici­ By Mr. DERWINSKI: Anastos (Psyhop~a); with.out amendment pation by counties in revenues from the · H. Con. Res. 564. Concurrent resolution (Rept. No. 2423). Referred to the Committee national wildlife refuge system by amending providing that certain violations of human of the Whole House. the act of June 15, 1935, relating to such rights by the Government of Poland shall Mr. WALTER: Committee on the Judiciary. participation, and for other purposes; to the be brought to the attention of the General S. 3267. An act for the relief of Gunter Committee on Merchant Marine and Fish­ Assembly of the United Nations; to the Com­ Heinz Hillebrand; without amendment eries. mittee on Foreign Affairs. (Rept. No. 2424). Referred to the Committee By Mr. BECKWORTH: of the Whole House. R.R. 13177. A bill to provide for post cards Mr. WALTER: Committee on the Judiciary. of a distinctive color for nonbusiness mes­ S. 3275. An act for the relief of Anna Sela­ sages with a postage rate of 1 cent; to the PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS manna Misticoni; without amendment (Rept. Committee on Post Office and Civil Service. Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private No. 2425). Referred to the Committee of By Mr. MORGAN: bills and resolutions were introduced and the Whole House. H.J. Res. 886. Joint resolution expressing severally referred as follows: Mr. WALTER: Committee on the Judiciary. the determination of the United States with S. 3279. An act for the relief of Yet Gee respect to the situation in Cuba; to the By Mr. BENNETT of Michigan: Moy (Tsze Woo Lai) and Mee Sen Moy (Sau Committee on Foreign Affairs. R.R. 13178. A bill for the relief of Armando Ming Lai); with amendment (Rept. No. By Mr. ALEXANDER: DaLio, his wife Domenica Vescovi DaLio; to 2426). Referred to the Committee of the H. Con. Res. 561. Concurrent resolution ex­ the Committee on the Judiciary. Whole House. pressing the sense of the Congress with By Mr. KING of New York: Mr. WALTER: Committee on the Judiciary. respect to the Cuban situation; to the Com­ R.R. 13179. A bill for the relief of Mr. Hong S. 3295. An act for the relief of Mathew mittee on Foreign Affairs. Song Kim; to the Committee on the Judi­ Lengyel (also known as Brother Paul, By Mr. MATTHEWS: ciary. S.V.D.); without amendment (Rept. 2427). H. Con. Res. 562. Concurrent resolution ex­ By Mr. MACK: Referred to the Committee of the Whole pressing the sense of Congress in protecting R.R. 13180. A bill for the relief of Wong House. the freedom of the ·countries of the Western Bing Lin; to the Committee on the Judi­ Mr. WALTER: Committee on the Judiciary. Hemisphere; to the Committee on Foreign ciary. S. 3336. An act for the relief of Lazaro Loy­ Affairs. By Mr. O'BRIEN of New York: ola Arinque, Jr.; without amendment (Rept. By Mr. ROBERTS of Alabama: R.R. 13181. A bill for the relief of Esterina No. 2428). Referred to the Committee of H. Con. Res. 568. Concurrent resolution ex­ Ricupero; to the Committee on the Judi­ the Whole House. pressing the sense of the Congress with re- ciary.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

Administration of the Davis-Bacon Act Another fallacy in Mr. Lowe's letter is liis Tom C. Clark, Justice, Supreme Court of assumption that residential construction the United States; Hon. Robert F. Ken­ rates would determine construction rates for nedy, the Attorney General~ Hon. Eman­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS nonresidential projects. This is incorrect. uel Celler, chairman, House Judiciary OF Under the Davis-Bacon Act the Secretary of Labor is required to determine prevailing Committee; Hon. Cyrus H. Vance, Sec­ HON. JAMES ROOSEVELT wages from projects of a character similar to retary of the Army; Abram Chayes, Esq., Legal Adviser, Department of State; OF CALIFORNIA the contract work. The Special Subcommittee on Labor has Robert H. Knight, Esq., the General IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESEN:TATIVES heard various criticisms of the Davis-Bacon Counsel, U.S. Treasury Department; Wednesday, September 19, 1962 Act and its administration. Such criticism, John T. McNaughton, Esq., General if constructive, is very helpful. The instant Mr. ROOSEVELT. Mr. Speaker, I Counsel, Department of Defense; Daniel letter, however, raises some criticisms that, to B. Mitchie, Jr., Esq., president, National wish to refer to a letter from Mr. J. B. me, seem unfounded. I am sure you would Lowe, of Dallas, Tex., inserted in the want to be informed of what the subcom­ Association of Citizens Crime Commis­ RECORD of September 14, 1962, by my col­ mittee has learned to be Labor Department sions. league, the Honorable OLIN E. TEAGUE. practice under this important act. The committee is assisted by an ad­ In his letter, Mr. Lowe makes some fal­ Yours sincerely, visory staff composed of the following lacious assertions about practices of the JAMES ROOSEVELT, Chairman. personnel: Radio and Television Advi­ Department of Labor under the Davis­ sory Subcommittee: Alfred R. Beckman, Bacon Act. In clarification of those as­ vice president, American Broadcasting sertions, I submit the following: Co.; Leon Brooks, Esq.,. Columbia Broad­ Law Observance Committee casting . System; Robert F. Hurleigh, SEPTEMBER 18, 1962. Hon. OLIN E. TEAGUE, president, Mutual Broadcasting System; U.S. House of Representatives, EXTENSION OF REMARKS Howard Monderer, Esq., National Broad­ Washington, D.C. OF casting Co.; William J .. Wheatley, Storer DEAR COLLEAGUE: I read with interest the Broadcasting Co.; public information ad­ letter of Mr. J.B. Lowe, of Dallas, Tex., which HON. HERMAN TOLL viser; Charles R. DeHaven, manager of you inserted in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD of OF PENNSYLVANIA public relations, Philadelphia Gas September 14, 1962. Unfortunately, Mr. Lowe IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Works; outdoor advertising adviser: Ar­ made a few erroneous statements concerning thur G. Petry, director of public service, administration of the Davis-Bacon Act by Wednesday, September 19, 1962 the Department of Labor. Outdoor · Advertising Association of The Special Subcommittee on Labor, of Mr. TOLL. Mr. Speaker, in this age of America, Inc.; community relations ad­ which I am chairman, has recently concluded rising crime I think the country should viser: Milton A. Eisenberg, vice presi­ extensive hearings on the Davis-Bacon Act be aware of an important project which dent, Yellow Cab Co. of Philadelphia. and its administration. I would like to ap­ is bringing together the efforts of law This national c'ommittee is arranging prise you of the actual practices of the De­ enforcement agencies, bar associations, to have the 50 local chapters of the partment in contradiction to Mr. Lowe's civic organizations and private industry. Federal Bar Association organize chap­ statements. The Federal Bar Association through ter law observance committees to engage Mr. Lowe's letter indicates that only union in activities to educate the public on the rates have been considered by the Labor De­ its law observance committee is en-· partment in determining prevailing wages. gaged in a program of promoting respect importance of respecting the law and This is not correct. The Department con­ for law and those who enforce it. The law enforcers, raising the morale of law­ siders whatever rate is prevailing in a given committee consists of the following: enforcement agents, attract the best area, whether it be union or nonunion. Harry D. Shargel, Esq., chairman; Hon. personnel to the field, and inform the