`x 1`r". e Dar an,

The National CONSERVATION AND AMENITY Institute ADVISORY SERVICE for Physical Planning and Construction Research

A PRELIMINARY REPORT ON AREAS OF SCIENTIFIC INTEREST IN C0U',% 'Y CORK.

Edward Fahy, Research Assistant, An Foras. Forbartha.

St. Martin's House Waterloo Road Dublin 4 o

1. o SECTION A

INTRODUCTION O

The information which is presented hereon County Ccrk, has beencollected from the files on the county in An Foras Forbartha.A field survey and search O of the relevant Irish scientific literature have been carriedout and supplementary information has been obtained from people with local knowledge.The report, as it appears, is necessarily unfinished: further work remains tobe done on the majority of sites, either to evaluate their scientific content or to maptheir O boundaires.Sherkin Island is an example of an area which requiresfurther investigation.

Cork has been described as a classical region for geologicalstudies.The bedrock is either Carboniferous limestone or Devonian old Red Sandstone. The combination of bedrock type and climate determines the peculiarfaunistic and floristic attributes of the county.The climate is important in having a high prevailing winter temperature and a large number of dayson which rain falls annually.These features permit the growth of sub-tropical naturalised plants and the survival of invertebrates associated with them.On the west of the county the Hiberno-Lusitanian element of the Irish faunais shared with County Kerry and the oceanic component of the Irish florais established.

Areas of scientific interest in Cork occur mainly on thecoastline.Most of the estuaries are overwintering areas for wildfowl and wading birds,while the offshore islands are breeding sites for sea birds.

Ireland is of special significance as an overwintering area forwildfowl and a large percentage of the world's geese pass the colder monthshere.There has been an increase in some dabbling duck (notably mallard) inrecent years in this country and scaup, teal and wigeon have increased.Grey Lag Geese have declined considerably and the Whitefronted Goose has disappeared fromsome western regions as a result of drainage.Most duck and swans favour shallow water and it is desirable that remaining wetlands be leftuntouched for this reason. CONTENTS

A. Introduction

B. Table summarising details of areas of scientific interest

C. Explanation of the criteria used in rating areas and indeciding on their priority

D. Detailed reports on areas for which sufficient information has been collected. Each report is compiled under the follcy:ing headings:

Name of Area, Map Number and Acreage(approx) Grid Reference Scientific Interest Rating Priority Description of the Area

Publications (when available) . Evaluation Threats to the Area Recommendations

E . Table summarising recommendations for protection of the areas of scientific interest. 2.

O Silene and the caterpillars of Eupithecia denota occur on Tasionemontana only. Both host plants have southerly distributions in Ireland.While eradication of the plant would remove the insect species, unfavourable conditions ofone kind or another might also affect the Lepidoptera without necessarily damagingthe host plants .

O The survival of the insect species would, therefore, be moresecure were the host plants well established in a number of situations ratherthan confined to one place.To a lesser extent a dependence on one or severalplant species applies for most insect species.It is, therefore, desirable that a number of V ecotype possiblities of similar botanical composition are maintained throughout the county and that any ecotype is not reduced toone or two sites only.

Because the invertebrate s ecies of greatest interest are thosewhich have a "natural" rather than "artificial" history in this country wetlands andnatural or semi-natural forests should receive priority consideration as invertebrate refuges Such areas are, of course, also important as botanical sites.

In Section E desirable conservation measures are detailed for thesites of scientific value.County Cork is fortunate in that most of its sitesare easily

O conservable, and general planning controls are sufficient to maintain the majority.

The increase in Biological interest that has occurred in recentyears has led O to a rise in specimen collecting.The marine fauna of parts of the Irish coast has been depleted as a result and there are well-documentedcases of insect species in Britain having become extinct as a result ofovercollecting.It is reduced numbers O thought to be impossible to safeguard a rare species whose give remaining specimens a greater value to collectors.In this report two approaches to preserving anonymity and thus protecting rare species arecon- sidered viz: O (1) Rare plant species are referred to on the Report asa "rare species" and the general area of occurrence - where possible --indicated. 0 3.

(2) For a fossil site the identity of the fossil isindicated but the site of its occurrence given in vague terms only (a four-figuregrid

reference).

Precise details of this occurrence of rarities will be keptby An Foras and will be made available to the County Council when required.

In summary, Cork is fortunate and unique in many aspectsof the natural scientific heritage.The sites listed in this Report have great potential as areas of amenity and recreation and the central situation ofCork City permits easy access to the majority for educational purposes .That Cork is a University City is an additional reason for the conservation and managementof the areas in question.

In conclusion, the preliminaty nature of this Report must bestressed.Priorities are likely to change as are ratings as more informationbecomes available and conditions change.The destruction of a site of National importance could for example, result in another site of equal importance being elevatedto Internationa rating.Further sites of interest must be sought, either as placeswhich have nue yet been discovered or sites which are being developed atpresent.Examples of the latter are quarries which are exposing stratigraphic phenomena andconiferous forests which, when mautre, may develop a peculiar or scientificallynoteworthy, invertebrate community.

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The geology of the south coast is of interest fortwo reasons:

(1) Stratigraphy:There are several important fossil localities (like Ringabelia Point) in addition to sections through the Carboniferous reef limestonesat Cork City and the Devonian Sandstones at the Old Headof Kinsale. O (2) The Quaternary raised-beach platform is extensive along the south coast and the Courtmacsherry Bay coast is the type section ofthis feature for N. France and S . W .Britain and Ireland. O

The most important features of scientific interest inland are theoak woodlands which are generally distributed in the Western part of thecounty and the wetlands O many of which have been drained in the same area.The most important oak forests are those occurring at Glengarriff and the other sitesare small in size. Where investigations have been carried out, some of this woodlandhas been found to be secondary, i.e. regenerated over bare ground andthe precise limits and composition of the lfora require assessment.

Places of zoological interest are difficult to delimit because ofthe nature of O animal populations.Two aspects of this problem are considered in this Report:

(1) exotic gardens and arboreta which contain sub-tropical plants growing as naturalised are known to be sources of insect introductionto the

O country, and perhaps the British Isles.Fota Island and Ann's Grove, Castletownroche, have been worked on in some detail and. areknown to be the source of sub-tropical insect spread in this island.A third, Garinish Island, is included in the present list as alikely area. O Exotic gardens and aboreta are of botanical and ecological interest where exotics are growing under naturalised conditions and there are records of plant species, like various Fuchsia sp. , spreadingfrom cultivation to apparently wild conditions along the south coast.

(2) It is desirable to maintain ecological diversity over the countyas a whole.

Many insect species, notably members of the Lepidoptera, feed duringthe immature stages on specific plants. For example, Hadena barretti feeds on WhereA summationmap it hasnumber beenof information is possible given in to onbrackets. map sites the of areascientific of value in scientific interest the Co. Cork. ittleock FarmIslandrea Quarry, and Map Number (1) W, '764, 710Grid Ref. InternationalRating Priority C poorlyattainInterestGeological. greatest exposed, thickness except onnear Little Cork Island. City; MuchThey arescientific The reef limestone facies (Carboniferous) ingabella Bay (2) W, 790, 580 International /7 B platformpointGeological.work remainsof view of the into British thatbe carried it Islesshows out predates clearly on the thethatlimestone. older the glaciation. This site is of value from the stratigraphic marine ;ourtmacsheiry Bay (3) ; W, 560, 428 International Za C Ireland,stratigraphicGeological. S. W. position Britain, of and the N.raised France. beach platform of This is the type section showing the ossleagueoatyelvelly Island - - (4) W, 794, 715 International 2 ( B Ornithologicalwaders.island are The an importantandexotic Ecological. plantation wintering is areaa source for wildfowl of insect and The mudflats around the ingabella Point x W, 79, 57 International Z3 B KazakhstaniaGeological.introduction is to known this country. only here in Western.Europe. This site is of value as a fossil locality. db (r o o o o o o o o Area and Map Number Grid Ref. Rating Priority Interest VX' Glengarriff Woodland (5) V, 920, 570 International 2-S N G C holly,Botanical. Arbutus and Rhododendron ponticum. Similar to woodlands at Killarney, having j bayneighbouringLough Hyne and (6) W, 095, 285 International 2-6 A rareEcological.species on the (Botanical south-west The area and is coast. Zoological)notable for whichits possession are normally of Three Castle Head (7) V A V, 725, 270 International 2 C Botanical. Several rare species occur there.

rn allycottonrea Bay &G T (8) W, 988, 652 Grid Ref. NationalRating Priority C wildfowlOrnithological.Interest having an abundance of individuals Overwintering area for waders and and species; IR allinacollig Caves W, 608, 707 I,. National C Geological.rare species also occur. Z- Y' B remains.This cave is a possible excavation site for zoological {ilkerran Lakearrigtwohill and Caves 1;1' 30 W,W, 340, 810, 320 730 '. - National C dripstoneEcological.Geological. formations The dunes are one of the best examples of These caves contain good examples of . theCastlefreke Bull and Dunes Cow Rocks IX (10)(9) V, 408, 398 National Ornithological.habitatsan undisturbed dune system in the country. Diverse . Sea-bird breeding habitats. x' 3Z Cape Clear (11) V, 960, 220 wy National a B Ornithological.The observatory is on a migration route. Diversity, abu ndance and rare species. 3allydesmond . 35 3 3 R, 151, 042 " ` National , inGeological.Botanical: Ireland occur a site at forthis a site. rare plant species The best example of Tundra-frost polygons . .Tear Crookhaven (12) V, 795, 125 National 7 Botanical. A place of occurrence for rare plants. a Area s ^-q (13) Grid Ref.V, 935, 549 NationalRating Priority C Ecological;Interest as an area at which naturalised exotic plants I ;arinishrabolgan Island 3 3 W, 845, 602 National Unknown onBotanical;grow. damp fields. a site for a rare plant species which occurs Is likely to be a site of insect introduction. >altimore X W, 04, 26 National Unknown C Botanical; a siterare forplant several species rare occurs plant onspecies the islands. inn'scalf,astletownroche Islands Grove 4 (14)4 / R,V, 685,955, 024260 National C plantsofEcological; insect introduction Zoological and and contains Botanical. naturalised exotic Is a known source drigolewoodland west of ,)< (15) W, 294, V,706 802, 493 NationalNational Botanical; woodland Site of several containing species much of oak.rare plants. laarryvoe Macroom (A) $1 3 (16) W, 990, 660 National B positioniceGeological; sheet of and both shows a local in relationrelationship ice advance to the between fromraised the beachthe older West and the platform (Saale) Ibastlepook Caves R, 589, 090 National C Geological;excavation a site large for cave zoological system remains and also . an important CO r ea Y "D. A"D. Grid Ref. Rating Priority Interest he Gearagh,Macroom (17) . W, 330, 700 Regional B Botanical; Some alluvial forest persists at the western ssagriffinMacroom Lake (18) V, 770, 265 Regional A Ecological:Ornithological:forend. various Ornithological: general species. overwintering ecology overwintering and breeding and breeding site ground allymacoda,lonpriest and Pillmore x g (19) 4 ? X, 075, 730 Regional C waders.Ornithological: an overwintering area for wildfowl and \1 A . ilcolman bog 1>(20) R, 580, 110 Regional. C waders.Ornithological:occurBotanical: here. A number An overwintering of regionally areaimportant for wildfowl species and rgideen Riverancarrig Estuary- Beg V- (21) 5' t W, 490, V,400 788, 464 Regional B Ornithological: feedingbreeding area site for for wildfowl seabirds and waders. ourtmacsherrychydoney, Bay Clopakilty (22) (23) 53 W, 390, 390 Regional Ornithological: feeding area for wildfowl and waders. 0 0 0 is 0 . 0 0 Area Grid Ref. Rating Priority Interest II . 78 Regional C Botanical; A secondary woodland containing a high Gouganebarra;BallyvourneySt. Gobnet's Wood Forest)Lake J 3(25)(24) W, 090, 660 W, 20, Regional C proportionEcological; of oakA good example of an acid lake Old Head of Kins ale X 65 576 (26) W,. 620, 420 Regional Ornithological;sandstones.mostGeological; complete The Seaknown stratigraphic bird succession nesting exposures area. through revealthe Cork. the KnockadoonLough Avaul Head - (28)(27) X,V, 290, 909, 700 531 Regional CC CarboniferousGeological;rate.Ecological; Sections The and lakeDevonian through is acidic strata. the but cliff trout show grow both at a fast IDunworley BayLions and Cove V (29) W, 473, 374 and Regional and C mayGeological; mark the A base conglomerate of the Carboniferous occurs at the in sites which Southern Gortmore Caves v W,W, 459, 440, 374 980 Regional Local rl I.B Geological;Ireland. An extensive limestone cave system. OvensCarrigacrump Caves Caves Aa W, 889, 659 X" 6`2- / W, 540, 700 RegionalRegional CC Geological; As for Gortmore CavesCaves. Area (number) Pa ,p- l vv, Grid Ref. Rating Priority Interest LoughKnockomagh Aderry Wood 6y63 (31)(30) W. 937,091, 735289 Local C andBotanicalOrnithological birch : The deciduous: An overwintering tree species ground consist for wildfowl largely of and oak swans Lough Allua \ G (32) W. 200, 660 Local C Ornithological An overwintering and breeding area for wildfowl ,/reclaimed ,Tivoli - Dunkettle, land ' dG (33) W. 715, 725 Local B proportionOrnithological of the : The waders area and is a gulls roosting in Cork ground harbour for a large Barley Lake (34) V. 875, 565 Local C Geological : This site is a good example of a glacial cirque TheAultagh Lough Wood `$ (35) W. 664, 705 W. 252, 584 Local C OrnithologicalBotanical Mixed deciduous woodland : Wintering area for wildfowl Rostellan Lough J 6y ; 7d (36) W. 873, 659 Local C ofOrnithological botanical and :ecological Wintering interestarea for alsowildfowl and waders; CapelBallyvergan Island Marsh 7 J (38)(37) X. 101,085, 700760 Local C OrnithologicalOrnithological,Botanical : There : asBreeding isa winteringa complete ground ground succession for sea for birds. waders to scrub ; O AreaWoodland West of Ardgroom /111r e_ ^rv. 175 . VGrid . 650, Ref. 550 LocalRating Priority C BotanicalInterest Woodland,Upper Lee South Reservoir of Ballyhooly 7? W.W. 736, 360, 980 715 Local B Ornithological;Botanical an overwintering area Woodland WestEast ofof MacrMacroom om ;X7 (B) W. 294,380, 673658 Local Botanical WoodlandBogland near near Durrus Kanturk (39) g 1 o. V . 940, 401 R . 389, 063 LocalLocal C Botanical Slier-kin Island , ,N Y 1Y -Z_ W. 020, 250 Local C Botanical CastleShippol Bandon Wood ParkandBandon part Valley ,/ ,J g e7'3 It W. ,476,569, 545549 Local a Botanical WoodlandArea West of e , ,o .g :5 W,Grid 268, Ref. 738 LocalRating Priority Botanical;Interest Deciduous woodland with Woodland stretchingMacroom fromWaterloo (D) W, 610,to Blarney 770 8 G Local Botanical; Deciduous woodland containing some oak and birch oak and birch EyeriesUnionhall, Island Castle- \Vv townsend (41)(40) q, W, 185,V, 320 635, 512 Local C arcticOrnithological;Botanical; tern a deciduous a breeding woodland containing oak area for common and/or and birch LoughMyross Beg Wood, heap J(,J( atg (43)(42) W, W, 24-2,-3-1-0-" 785, 630 Ic LocalLocal Ornithological;Botanical; a mixed feeding woodland ground forand wildfowl. and some open ground waders ButlerstownTwo mountain Lake tarnsabove Glengarriff v\ d 9Z 2 (44) (45) W, 922, 729 V, 950, 603 LocalLocal CC Ornithological;PisidiumZoological hibernicum and Is ecological;an overwintering The place of discovery area for wildfowl of Rosscarbery.Douglas River 3 (46) W, 290, 360 LocalLocal CB Ornithological;Ornithological; a afeeding feeding ground ground for for waders. waders. Estuary. JC Q f (47) W, 713, 698 w O

14.

SECTION C O

RATING OF AREAS OF SCIENTIFIC IMPORTANCE

0. This is a measure of the relative -importance of areasof 'scientific importance.

The importance of each area is indicated in terms ofthe following categories:

International Importance

1 . Only area of its -type in Europe. 2. One of a few such localities in Europe. 3. One of a natural series in Europe. O 4. Recognised international importance.

. 5. Specialised educational importance.

National Importance

1'. Only area of its type in Ireland. 2. One of a few such localities in Ireland.

3. One of a natural series in Ireland. . O .4. Recognised national importance.. S. General or specialised educational importance.

1O Regional Importance

1. Only area of its type in province. 2. One of a few localities in Ireland. O 3. One of a natural series in region. 4. Fine example of its kind. 5. General or specialised educational importance. 0 15.

Local Importance

1. Only area of its type in county. 2. One of.a few localities in province.

" 3. Fine example of its kind. 0 4. General educational importance.

0 PRIORITY OF AREAS OF SCIENTIFIC INTEREST

This is a measure of the relative urgency necessary forprotection of the areas of scientific importance.

Each site is given a priority rating of A, Bor C. .i 1 The rating of any area is based on a combinationof the following criteria:- a) the importance of the area b) the vulnerability of the area c) the nature and imminence of any threats to the area.

0 O

SECTION D O

Name of Area ROCK FARM QUARRY, LITTLE ISLAND(1) Acreage 71

O Grid Reference W. 764, 710 Scientific Interest Geological Ratin International Importance Priority C

Description of Area See Map 1. A limestone quarry.

O Stratigraphically the limestone is made up of:

1 . A Dibunophyllum zone which is a minimum of 100m thick.The rock types composing this layer vary from fissile crinoidal limestones to dark, fine grained limestones and pseudobreccia also occurs. The fossil genera Lithostrotion, Palaedsimilia, Cami.nophyllum, Dictyoclostus, C].isiophyllum and Gigantoproductus occur there.

O 2. Seminula zone (S)75m thick, of poorly fossiliferous limestone.

3. Syringothyris zone (C)in Rock Farm Quarry East. Consists of poorly-

.O bedded pale, highly- fo s s iliferou s reef limestone.In Rock Farm Quarry West this is approximately 300m thick, unbedded, pale to darkgrey and in places very fossiliferous.

To the north is located approximately 300m thick reef limestone,poorly exposed; over 30m Cork Red Marble, a breccio-conglomerate with pebbles ofcalcite mudstone with a mollusc-spat assemblage and a goniatite grouping offossils. This overlies 600m of reef limestone which is poorly exposed. . f11/iP SI-10? N,i1 M C; CI--J 111 Cli`! 1 EHEST

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Occasional Squacco Heron, Night Heron, Blue -winged teal, Long-tailed Duck, Little Bustard, American Golden Plover, Short-billed. Dowitcher, Lesser Yellowlegs, Baird's sandpiper, Pectoral sandpiper, Curlew sandpiper, Semi-palmated sandpiper, Avocet, Grey Phalarope, Red-necked Phalarope, Wilson's Phalarope, Alpine Swift, Corn Bunting. Others - passage migrants O Green sandpiper, Wood Sandpiper, Common Sandpiper, Little Stint, Ruff, Arctic Skua, Kkttiwake, Sandwich tern, Short-eared owl, Hoopoe, White Wagtail. Summer visitors Corncrake, Common tern, Arctic tern, Little tern, Swift

Threats to the Area O None obvious.There is little shooting at present and apparently no threatof drainage .

O Recommendations General planning control should be exercised to maintain the scientificvalue of the area. A buffer zone of controlled development around the area ofimmediate O interest would be desirable.

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O 9 On Map 1 Rock Quarry East (of greater importance) isenclosed in a thick line. The exposure at Rock Quarry West is of lessimportance and is surrounded by a thin line.

Publications Turner, J. S.1937.The Faunal Succession in the Carboniferous limestone near Cork.

Proc. Roy. Ir. Acad.43 (B): (13)

Neville, W. E.1962. Stratigraphy and origin of the Cork Red Marble. Geol. Map 99 (6)

Evaluation This is the only exposure of the reef limestone facieswhich attain their greatest thickness in the region of Cork City.

Threats to Area

None obvious.

Recommendation Further development in the area should be compatible with thegeological value of the site. 0 O

19.

Name of Area RINGABELLA BAY (2) Acreage 33 Grid Reference W. 790, 580 Scientific Interest Geological O Ratin International Importance Priority B

O Description of Area See Map 2. This is a low drift cliff sloping down to belowhigh water mark and covering the raised beach platform.

Publications O Wright, W. B. & H. B. Muff (1904) The Preglacial Raised Beach of the South Coast of Ireland. Sci. Proc. R.D.S. 10: 250 - 324 10 Wright, W. B. Geol. Surv. Spec. Mem. Cork City and Neighbourhood.

Evaluation Sections here show that the raised beach platform predates theolder glaciation of the British Isles. 10

Threats to Area Development of a coast road or efforts to counter erosionmight endanger site. O Recommendations General planning control should be exercised to preserve the scientificvalue of the area . MAP "ri O SCI-" 'TIF IC 'NTIEREST 2

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Name of Area COURTMACSHERRY BAY(3) Acreage 67 Grid Reference W. 560,428 Scientific Interest Geological Rating International Importance Priority C

O Description of Area See Map 3. The site consists of a rock platform, partly covered indrift, about 2 m above high water mark.The drift is banked against a cliff which rises toabout 50 m above sea level.

The rock platform is cut across the highly-inclined block slatesand sand-stones of the Carboniferous series.

About 115 m east of the coastguard station a goodsection is to be seen and an O isolated stack in this region confirms that the section wasmore extensive at an earlier time.

Publications 0 Wright, W.B. & Muff, H.B. (1940) The Preglacial Raised Beach of the South Coast of Ireland. Sci. Proc. Roy. Dublin Soc. 10 : 224 - 250

Evaluation

This is the type section showing the raised beach platformof Ireland, S .W .Britain

and N .France.

Threats to the Area

None obvious O Recommendations It is understood that numerous geological parties visit the siteand that permission

O to do so is required.A right of free access would be desirable. o _ r r r, r SCi N liL,(i`1 I LfL T 3

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0 he Is_==" rtl- ed u..dar iy crra_ is or ',jfints d _ rear n,..: i h have been r which as i..__OC'_.Cc13 the area in325 Recently --,,-e-_as been s. evidence of d- e in t.:e crass .

The western side o` =he island is heavily '.'ioodec. is enclosed by _:at _ai features.it has been described as "virtually a _rd _.:ernudf_ats o have the largest concentration of Shelcuck in Co'N.- up to HID in

February anMarc . Other species occurring there in c'-uue ..:allure '1 `Nigeon, Tufted Duck, Pintail, Goldeneye, Scaup, :user, Cree,.s Redshank, 3artailed and Blac'.ktailed Godwit, Curlew, `: bir brel, O'.stercatche O and Shoveler.

In 1966 a large imported insect assemblage was noted onthe island's vegetation o and observations at that time and subsequently have suggested the.island is an important starting point for insect spread in this country andGreat Britain. As such, much scientific work remains to be carried outon the ecology of insects and other invertebrates there. o

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Publications o Fahy, E. (1967) A New Sub-species of Atlantoosocus personatus from Southern Ireland.Entomologists' Mon. Mag.102 : 205- 207 o Fahy, E. (1970) The Distribution of the Irish Psocoptera Proc. Roy Ir. Acad.(b)71: 139 - 163

Further papers are in preparation. o Fota. Chap. 7 in Irish gardens by E. Hyams (1967)MacDonald & Co. London. o McCrea, R.H. 1926 The Salt Marsh Vegetation of Little Island, County Cork,T. Ecol.14 :342 o is also relevant.

Evaluation

O Abundance and diversity of bird life; the island is alsoone of three known centres of insect introduction in this country.

Threats to the Area o Dumping of rubbish, of which there is evidence. Water-borne pollution by toxic and eutrophicating substances and possibly air-borne pollution from nearby industries.Building. Growth and spread of Spartina townsendii. o

Recommendations Within the A. S .I . building should be controlledand pollution of any kind o curtailed. The removal of Spartina should be considered although researchon this problem is required. Name of Area RINGABELLA POINT Acreage less than 1 Grid Reference W.79, 57 (a six figure reference is advised against) Scientific Interest Geological Ratin International Importance

Priority B 0

Description of Area The site is a black pyrite-mudstone layer of approximately lrnthickness and exposed for about 10m laterally.

Publications Naylor, D., P.C. Jones and M. J. Clarke, 1969. Thestratigraphy of the Cork beds (Upr. Devonion and Carboniferous) in South-west Ireland

Sci. Proc. Royal Dublin Soc.(A)17: 179

Naylor, D.,1969 Facies Change in Upper Devonion and Lower Carboniferous Rocks of Southern Ireland. Geol. L. 6:316 r

Institute of Geological Services. Ann Rep.1967:53

Evaluation The site is of palaeontological value because of the occurrenceof Goniatites there.The genus Kazakhstania is the dominant fossil and this siteis its only recorded occurrence in Western Europe.The holotype and paratypes of K. hibernica were taken at this site. o `Q.

Threats to the Area o Uncontrolled collecting of fossils could strip the site entirely. o Recommendations

The site should be protected and visits by members ofthe general public discouraged.Serious collectors should notify the Geological Survey of their intention to collect, etc. 25.

Name of area GLENGARRIFF WOODLAND (5) Acreage 284 Grid Reference V. 920, 570 Scientific Interest Botanical Ra tin International Importance Priority C

Description of the Area: L-A See Map 5. L The woodlands are composed largely of Quercus petraea (oak) andArbutus unedo

(strawberry tree). Sorbus aucuparia (mountain ash) and Ilex aquifolium(holly) also occur.Rhododendron ponticum(Rhododendron) is present in large quantities and is being cut.The ground layer vegetation includes Euphorbia hyberna, (Irish Spurge), Saxifraga spathularis, (St. Patrick's Cabbage) Blechnum spicant, (Hard fern), Oxalis acetosella,(Wood sorrel) Lonicera pericylmenum (Honeysuckle) Luzula spp. (Wood rush), Hymenophyllum wilsonii and H. tunbriqense (Filmy ferns). Polypodium sp. (Polypody) occurs as an epiphyte and Pteridium aguilinum (Bracken)is also present.

Publications: Tansely, A.G. 1965The British Isles and their Vegetation.

Evaluation: The woods are like those of Killarney in general aspect.They belong to the second and third types recognisable at Killarney (Tansely, 1965).

Threats to the Area: Underplanting with conifers.

Recommendations: The woodlands should be preserved in their present state; continuedclearance of Rhododendron would be desirable. o

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Name of Area LOUGH HYNE AND NEARBY INLET (6) Acreage 1,000 Grid Reference V. 095,285 Scientific Interest Ecological, Botanical and Zoological Ratin International importance Priority A

Description of Area See Map 6.

A tidal inlet enclosed by a rocky shore.Lough Hyne proper is connected to the sea by shallows.

Evaluation The area is known for the diversity and abundance ofplant and animal species occurring there. There is a field centre close to the bay operatedby Bristol University.

Publications

Renouf, L . P . W .19 31 . Preliminary work on the new Biological Station (Lough Ine, Co. Cork). L Ecol.19:410 - 438 Rees, T.K.1931.Preliminary observations on the Phaeophyceae of Lough Hyne.

L__ Ecol:431 - 448

Threats to the Area Because of its land-locked character a build-up of eutrophicating substances could accumulate in the Lough. It is, therefore, necessary that development close to the bay should be controlled.

Recommendations Any development at this site should be in accordancewith its scientific values. Name of Area THREE CASTLE HEAD(7) Acreage 361 Grid Reference V. 725,270 Scientific Interest Botanical_ Rating International Importance Priority C

Description of Area See Map 7.

Rocky headland with heath vegetation.

Evaluation Several rare plant species occur on the heathland. O Publications Praeger, R.L.1934.The Botanist in Ireland.Hodges, Figgis & Co. Dublin. O Threats to the Area

None obvious V Recommendations

General planning control should be exercised to maintain the scientificvalue

O of the area. It is understood that access to the headland at presentis granted on payment. Free access would be desirable.

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Name of Area BALLYCOTTON BAY AND MARSHLAND (8 ) Acreage 1196 O Grid Reference W. 988,652 Scientific Interest Ornithological Rating National Importance

O Priority C

Descriotion of Area See Map 8.

The area consists of a chain of freshwater, brackish andsalt marshes with sand dunes.

Evaluation The bird population includes the following species: Resident- Breeding Little Grebe, Heron, Mallard, Teal, Shelduck, Mute Swan, Water Rail, Waterhen, Coot, Lapwing, Ringed Plover, Cormorant, Sparrow Hawk, Peregrine Falcon, Kestrel, Pheasant, Great Black- Backed Gull, Herring Gull, Common Gull, Black headed Gull, Stock Dove, Wood Pigeon, Kingfisher, Yellow Wagtail. Regular winter visitors Wigeon, Shoveler, Tufted duck, Pochard, Red-breasted Merganser, Oyster catcher, Grey Plover, Golden Plover, Turnstone, Snipe, Jack Snipe, Curlew, Black-tailed Godwit, Bar-tailed Godwit, Redshank, Greenshank, Knot, Dunlin, Hen Harrier, Merlin, Black tern. Irregular winter visitor Spoonbill, Little Egret, Garganey, Pintail, Scamp, Goldeneye, Common Scoter, White-fronted Goose, Brent Goose, Whooper Swan, Spotted Renshank, Sanderling, Glauconsgull, Iceland Gull, Little Gull, Sa.bine's Gull, Snow Bunting. o 29.

Name of Area BALLINACOLLIG CAVES

O Acreage Grid Reference W. 608,707 Scientific Interest Geological and Zoological Ratin National Importance O Priority C

O Description of Area: A small limestone cave under the N.E. corner of Ballinacollig Castle.

Publications: O Coleman, J.C. 1965. The Caves of Ireland, Anvil Books, Tralee.

Evaluation: The value of this site is due to its possiblepossession of a somewhat similar collection of zoological remains as Castlepook cave. .A

O Threats to the Area: Interference with the excavation site.

O Recommendations:

Pending excavation protection of the potential scientific value of thearea should be maintained. 30. 40

Name of Area - CARRIGTWOHILL CAVES Acreage Grid Reference W. 810,730 Scientific Interest Geological

Ratin .National Importance Priority Unknown

Description of Area: A cave system N.E. of Carrigtwohill village which contains abundantdripstone formations.

Publications: Coleman, J.C. 1965. The Caves of Ireland, Anvill Books, Tralee.

Evaluation Fine dripstone formations occur in the cave system.

Threats to the Area: Damage to the dripstone formations and disruption of the cavesystem by quarrying .

Recommendations: r An assessment of the dripstone formations should be carried outafter which a Conservation order might be placed on the cave system. 1 O 31.

Name of Area KILKERRAN LAKE AND CASTLEFREKE DUNES(9) Acreage 1,137 Grid Reference W. 340,320. Scientific Interest Ecological, botanical and ornithological Rating: National Importance O Priority C

Description of Area: O See Map 9. This site includes marsh, sand dunes, forests and a lake.The wetland shows a transition from open water, through Phragmites to Salixscrub.

Evaluation: The dunes are one of the best examples of anundisturbed system in this country. O The site is said to be one of the bestareas in West Cork for duck.

Threats to the Area:

G Destruction of the dune system by recreational pressures.Dumping of rubbish.

Recommendations: An amenity area order should be placed on the site. o

Name of Area THE BULL AND COW ROCKS(10) Acrea e 21 Grid Reference V. 408,398(Bull Rock) Scientific Interest Ornithological O Rating National Importance Priority C

O Descriptionof Area: See Map 10. Two rocky off-shore islands O

Publications:

Ruttledge, R .F .,1966, Ireland's Birds. Witherby, London. O Evaluation: Between 500 and 1,000 pairs of Gannet breed on theBull rock (estimates vary) together with 150 pairs of Storm Petrel.The Cow Rock has the following population of sea birds: Kittiwake 500 Razorbill 600 'D Guillemot and 2000 Puffinorder 3 (100-1000)

Threats to the Area: None obvious

Recommendations: Future development of the area should maintain the scientific valueof the islands. 0 Olytr'1l:U r;'e n t MAP Sill UU11c".i uilLi iGl S U T} , JTER ST 10

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.

.

.

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33.

Name of Area CAPE CLEAR (11) Acreage 48

GridReference V. ScientificInterest Ornithological, Botanical and Ecological O Rating National Importance

Priority B

O Descriptionof Area See Map 11.

O Marine Island with diverse habitats including sandy and rocky shores,lake- shore and heath. Two boggy areas are of botanical and ecological interest.

Publications O Annual Reports of Bird Observatory Rutledge, R.F.1966. Ireland's Birds. Witherby. London.

Gooders, J. 1970. Where to watch birds in Britain and Europe. O Andre Deutsch. London.

Evaluation

;:5 Bird species which are regularly observed on passage at CapeClear include Manx Shearwater, Fulmar, Gannet and Auks.A number of little known species are also observed and these include Great Shearwater, Sooty Shearwater,Cory's Shearwater, Great Skua, Pomarine Skua and Balearic Shearwater..The majority of these species are very infrequent in the Irishsea.

In 1959 the ornithological.observatory was established and since that time to (1968) ten major reports have been issued. The island is a good vantage point for offshore bird movements and a number of passerines have beenrecorded in addition to seabirds which are the island's main attraction. A large volume of work has also been carried out on the natural history of theisland and it is understood that a book on the subject is in preparation.The annual reports for 1965, '67 and '68 list a total of 176 research references which applydirectly to the island. The island is listed as one of the nine sites ofornithological importance by Gooders ccc C_] or.'r J'1CC`7 7-i flJC7 r-i-7 C4)co --f OI-1 ...... _,...... :.. k O 34.

(1970) - see above.

A rare plant species occurs on the island.

Further habitats of interest include boggy regions.

O Threats to the Area Threats associated with development generally.e.g. Rubbish dumping, building and sewage disposal could endanger either the Ecological or Botanicalvalue to O the island.

Recommendations

Generally planning control should be exercised to maintain the scientificvalue of the island.

O

5 0 35.

Name of Area - BALLYDESMOND Acreage Grid Reference R. 151,042 Scientific Interest Geological

Rattin .National Importance Priority A

Description of Area: A quarry

Publications:

Mitchell, G.F. 1957..A View of Ireland111,The Pleistocene Epoch. Dublin.

Evaluation: Tundra frost Polygons occur in the quarry.They are regarded as the finest example of this phenomena in the country.

Threats to the Area: Further quarrying would destroy the structures of scientific value.

Recommendations: A section of the quarry face should be left intact o 36.

Name of Area: NEAR CROOKHAVEN (12) Acreage 49 Grid Reference V. 795,125 and V. 785,249 Scientific Interest Botanical Ra tina National Importance O Priority Unknown

Description of Area:

See Map 12.

Publications: o Praeger, R.L. 1934. A Botanist in Ireland, Hodges, Figgis &Co., Dublin.

Evaluation: o The site of a rare plant species.

Recommendations: o The present status of the plant should be investigated, existingrecords dating from pre 1930, as soon as possible: specific conservation.Recommendations could then be made.

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. o 37.

Name of area GARINISH ISLAND(13) Acreage 47 Grid Reference V. 935, 549 Scientific Interest Ecological, Botanical and (?) Zoological. Ratin National Importance O Priority C

Description of Area:

See Map 13. The Island contains an arboretum and gardens.Many exotic species are grown and the Island is administered by the Office of PublicWorks.It is likely to be a source of insect importation to the country.

Publications: 10 Gardening Illustrated,1956 Gardeners' Chronicle,1956,1964. Illustrated London News, 1963 O The Word 1956 Deutsche Bramschule, 1959 journal of the Royal Horticultural Society, 84 1959 o 911966 94 1969

Evaluation:

Of National importance as a possible source of insectsto the country.This requires investigation.The area is botanically important because it contains naturalised exotic plants growing under outdoor conditions. O Threats to the Area: None obvious.

O Recommendations: Future development should be in keeping with the scientific valueof the site. i 0 0 MAP A EA 0SCiEI-v1I; ;C IN L LS113

Scale: 6 ;nehesto MI

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1 2 38 CL:2''I If i.. x 11

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Name of area TRABOLGAN o Acreage Grid Reference W. 845, 602. Scientific Interest Botanical

Ratin . National Importance o Priority C

o Description of Area: Damp fields in the vicinity of Trabolgan.

O . Publications: Praeger, R.L. (1934) The Botanist in Ireland. Hodges Figgis &Co., Dublin. o Evaluation: Trabolgan is the site of a rare plant species inIreland.

_. N o- O IBC{ ionLU to J J

0 3 9

Na:ne of Area BALTIMORE Acreage Grid Reference W. 45, 26 Scientific Interest Botanical Ratin National Importance Priority Unknown

Description of Area: The species of importance occur respectively in water and onshingle.Such areas, in the vicinity of Baltimore, are likely habitats but furtherwork is necessary to establish whether the species occur there, existing records dating frombefore i930.

Publications: Praeger, R.L. (1934) The Botanist in Ireland, Hodges Figgis &Co., Dublin.

Evaluation: An evaluation of the area is desirable to determine whetherthe species are still to be found there: threats to their survival andrecommendations for their conservation must await this. w

0 O 40,

Name of Area CALF ISLANDS Acreage Gri.f Reference V. 955,260 Scientific Interest Botanical Ra tin National Importance O Priori' C

Description of Area: Rocky marine islands.

Publications: Praeger, R.L. (1934) The Botanist in Ireland , Hodges Figgis& Co., Dublin. O

Evaluation: A rare plant species, which occurs on the islands, isknown only at several O western stations in Ireland.

Threats to the Area: None known.

Recommendations: An evaluation of the present status of the species shouldbe carried out as soon as 4 possible.

O

O

O 41.

Name of Area: ANN'S GROVE, CASTLETOWNROCHE (14) Acreage 98 Grid reference R. 685,024 Scientific Interest Ecological and Zoological Rating National Importance Priority C

Description of Area: See Map 14.

The site is part cultivated garden, part deciduous trees andpart exotic tree species.Some open ground is included in the area.

Publications: See Fahy, as for Foaty Island. Hyams, E. (1967).Irish GardensntlacDonald, London.

Evaluation: This is one of three known sources of invertebrate introductionsto this country. The estate contains exotic plants growing as naturalised species.

Threats to the Area: None known.

Recommendations: Any development of the estate should be in keeping withits scientific value. MAP AREA Qr SCIEINITU iC ii'!TE EST14

0 Scale: 6 insi;asla lmi

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o 42.

Name of Area ADRIGOLE (15) Acreage 33 Grid reference V. 802,493 Scientific Interest Botanical. Rating National Importance Priority Not known.

Description of Area: See map 15 for approximate area. The site is partwoodland and part bog.

Publications: Praeger, R.L. (1934) The botanist in Ireland , Hodges, Figgis& Co. Dublin.

Evaluation: This is a site for several rare plant species.

Threats to the Area None known.

Recommendations: Two of the species of importance have not been verifiedsince 1930.An assessment of their present status and that of the other speciesis required before specific recommendations be made. CIDCY3 -L.= L!JC/]TY.^ CID..-.. oaCJC I -'J C/D C..)CU LIJL..J ULrrJJL.L. i

14 43.

Name of Area WEST OF NLACROOM (A.) Acreage Grid Reference W. 294,706. Scientific interest Botanical. Rating National importance Priority C

Description of the Area: A deciduous woodland.

Evaluation: The woodland is deciduous and contains a high proportion ofoak.The woodland appears to be natural (possibly secondary) rather than planted.

Threats to the Area:

None obvious.

Recommendations: A tree preservation order for the area would be desirable.

0 o

44.

Name of Area: GARRYVOE (16) Acreage 185 Grid Reference W. 990,660 Scientific Interest: Geological Rating National Importance

Priority B

O Description:

See Map 16. The Site is a high drift cliff, subject to strongmarine erosion.

Publications:

Farrington, A. 1966, The Early Glacial Raised Beach in Co.Cork. Sci. Proc. O R.D.S. 2(A & B):197 - 220.

Evaluation:

O The Site shows the relationship between the older (Saale) icesheet and a local ice advance from the West.

Threats to the Area:

None obvious

Recommendations:

Any development should be in keeping with the Scientific valueof the o

O

0 . lW G AREA OF SCIE;JTIFIC INTEREST 16

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Name of Area CASTLEPOOK CAVES Acreage Grid Reference R. 589,090 Scientific Interest Geological Rating National Importance Priority C

Description: A limestone cave system, at present not fully explored.

. Publications: Coleman, J.C. 1965 The Caves of Ireland, Tralee, Anvil Books.

Evaluation:

Recommendations: O Disruption of the cave system by quarrying should be avoided.

O

O

O

0 Name of Area THE GEARAGH, MACROOM (17) Acreage 395 Grid Reference W. 330,700 Scientific Interest Ornithological, Botanical Rating Regional Importance

Priority B

Description of Area: See Map 17 in which approximate site limits are marked. An area of freshwater marsh and scrub.The upper Gearagh has a scrub vegetation of willow (Salix sp.) Hazel (Corylus avellana), Birch (Betula pubescens)and Alder (Alnus glutinosa). There is some oak (uercus sp.), ash (Fraxinus excelsior),

Holly (Ilex aguifolium) and gorse (Ulex europaeus). The ground cover layer is composed of: Dryoptris sp. Buckler fern Luzula sylvantica Wood rush Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet Viola sp. Violet Osmunda regalis Royal fern Mentha aguatica Water mint Juncus bulbosus Bulbous rush r Equisetum sp. Horsetail Apium inundatum Floating marsh-wort

Publications:

Braun-Blanquet, J. & R. TQxen 1952. Die Pflanzenwelt Irland.Ergebrisse der 9 Internationalin Pflanzengeo-graphischen Exkursion durch Irland, 1949.. Ceobot-anischen Institute Rtibel in Zurich. Ludi, W. 1952.Fragmente zu Walstudien in Irland (Reference as for Braun- Blanquet & Tuxen). Hewetson & O'Rourke 1960.The Dragon Flies of the Gearagh, near Cork. Proc R. Ir. Acad.,- 61 (B): 177. O'Reilly, H.J. 1954.Survey of the Gearagh; vegetation. J N.J. 11(10): 179-186. O 47.

Evaluation: o The Gearagh was formerly considered to correspond to Continental alluvialforest and some of these characteristics are visible at the upper(western) end. The area is of ornithological importance as an overwintering area forwildfowl and Mallard, Teal, Tufted duck, Shoveler, and Pochard are recorded fromthe marsh; Whooper swan, Curlew, Golden plover and Lapwing also overwinter there.The Gearagh is one of the two breeding sites for theBlack-headed gull in Cork.

Threats to the Area: Further destruction of trees at the western end of themarsh.

Recommendations: It is desirable that the western end of the Gearaghmaintain its alluvial forest character as intact as possible.

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O 0 48

Name of Area LISSAGRIFFIN LAKE (18) Acreage 348 Grid Reference V. 770,265 Scientific Interest Ornithological; ecological. Rating Regional Importance Priority A

Description of Area:

See Map 18. A salt water inlet having marsh and sand dunes.

Evaluation: The lake is important as a feeding ground for duckand a wintering ground for migrants from Europe, Greenland, and Iceland.It has the largest wintering 0 flock of swans in County Cork.

Threats to the Area: Eutrophication.

Recommendations: General planning control to maintain the scientific value of thearea should be exercised. c:i C/]coe-- L.!r -_L'L1J C ccC-D

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Name of Area BALLYMACODA, CLONPRIEST AND PILLMORE(19) Acreage 4488 GridReference W. ScientificInterest Ornithological Rating Regional Importance Priority C

Description of Area: See Map 19. The area is estuarine and is part mud flats andstrand.

Evaluation: Overwintering species include Greylag Geese, Mallard, Teal, Wigeon, Godwit, Redshank, Lapwing and Golden Plover.

Threats to the Area: None obvious.

Recommendations: General planning control to maintain the scientific value of thearea.A buffer zone of controlled development would be desirable. 50.

Name of Area KILCOLMAN BOG(20) O Acreage 124 Grid Reference R. 580,110 Scientific Interest Ornithological and Botanical.

O Rating Regional Importance Priority C

O Description of Area: See Map 20. The area is a wetland formed by the saturation oforganic material which is O situated on the remains of a glacial lake.During very wet winters the area is flooded.

Evaluation O Bird species recorded at the bog include Hen Harrier,Barn Owl, Sparrow hawk, Nightjar, Gadwall, Corncrake and Greenland Whitefrontedgoose, all of which are rare.All are of National interest.In addition, 12 species of birds are O regarded as regionally important; thereare 10 locally occurring species and 7 of general occurrence.

The list of plant species includes 5 regionally importantspecies and Typha augustifolia which is nationally important.

Threats to the Area: ,J None obvious.

Recommendations:

7 Any development should be in keeping with the scientificvalue of the area. 0 17 r' r ll- s itL,IyII1',!iLt1U1 vL2 t_('Y; IlwlUEl I ! 20

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V (21) Name of Area - ROANCARRIG BEG Acreage 9 Grid Reference V. 788,464 Scientific Interest Ornithological

O Ra tin Regional Importance Priority C

O Description of Area:

See Map 21. A rocky marine island O Evaluation: The island is a nesting ground for 200 pairs ofcommon tern and 5 pairs of Roseate tern.

Threats to the Area:

O None obvious.

Recommendations: Any development of the island should be in keeping withits scientific value.

O

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Name of Area ARGIDEEN RIVER ESTUARY AND COURTMACSHERRY BAY (22 O Acreage 988 Grid Reference W. 490,400 Scientific Interest Ornithological Rating Regional Importance

Priority B

O Description of the Area: See Map 22.. This is an extensive area of mudflats.There is some Spartina growing on the O area.The Flaxford inlet contains a good salt marsh.

Evaluation:

Various wildfowl and wader species occur in the area duringthe winter months.

Threatsto the Area

The spread of Spartina townsendii

Recommendations Removal of Spartina would be desirable Name of Area INCHYDONEY (23)

Acreage 1542 Grid Reference: W. 390, 390 Scientific Interest: Ornithological, ecological Pating: Regional Importance Priority: A

Description of Area: See Map (23)

The area is an estuary having mudflats and salt marsh.There is some Spartina growth.

Evaluation: Counts of winter wildfowl and wader populations indicate that themost important species in the area are Dunlin and Godwit duringthe winter months. Some species breed there.

Threats to the Area: Building. Spread of Spartina.

Recommendations: General planning control should be exercised to prevent undesirable development in the area. The removal of Spartina would bedesirable. O 54

Name of Area ST. GOBNET'S WOOD(24) Acreage 69 Grid Reference W. 100, 78 0 Scientific Interest Botanical Rating Regional Importance Priority C

Description of Area See Map 24 Deciduous woodland with some scrub and open ground.This is an area of base rich secondary deciduous woodland.The trees occurring there are oak and birch and there is some alder and ash (Fraxinius) and rowan(Sorbus).The ground layer vegetation includes Geum urbanum, Euphorbia hyberna, Hymenophyllum sp. and SaxitragasDatularis .

Evaluation: This is an important seminatural woodland.

Threats to the Area: None known.

Recommendations: A tree preservation order on the wood would be desirable. .

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o Name of area GOUGANEBARRA LAKE(25) Acreage 63 Grid Reference W. 090, 660 Scientific Interest Ecological O Rating Regional Importance Priority C

O Description of Area:

See Map 25. An acid lake of glacial origin having three basins. O

Publications: Grainger, J.N.R. 1957.Preliminary observations on the diurnal migration of the O Crustacea in the plankton of Gouganebarra Lake.Proc. R. Ir. Acad. B 58(14): 305-320.

Evaluation: A good example of an acid lake.

Threats to the Area: Entronication would destroy thepresent fauna and change the chemical constitution of the lake.

Recommendations: General planning control should be exercised to maintain the scientificvalue of the area. 't ( -A-1 (viAj J L,L1 Or.:J:i 1I iG TLS 25 .

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Name of Area OLD HEAD OF KIN SALE (26) Acreage 51 Grid Reference W. 620,420 Scientific Interest Geological, ornithological Rating Regional Importance Priority C

Description of Area See Map 26.

A steep-sided headland havinggood cliff exposures.

Publications

Du Noyer, G.V. 1962.Explanations to accompanysheets 194,201, and 202. Geological Memoirs. Naylor, D. 1966.Upper Devonian and CarboniferousGeology of the Old Head of Kinsale, Co. Cork. Sc. Proc. R. Dublin Soc. (A):15:229 - 249. Naylor D. P.C. Jones and M. J. Clarke 19 69. The stratigraphy of the Cork beds (upper Devonian andCarboniferous in Southwest Ireland). Sci. Proc. Roy. Dublin Soc (a) 17 : 171 - 191 Knijpers, E. P .1971. Preliminary note on the BreamRock formation (upper Devonian) Co. Cork, Ireland- an ancient tidal deposit. Sediment.Geol.5: 83 - 89

Evaluation

The sandstones exposedon the Old Head range from theupper Devonian to the P2 and (possibly E) zone, of theCarboniferous..The total exposure measures 1,660 m in thickness. Theexposure is excellent, being visibleon both sides of the headland.This is possibly the most completesuccession through the Cork beds. The formations which makeup the series are ten in number and these fall into four groupingswhich have been described by Naylor(1966). 0 57.

The headland also has seabird populations anda census in 1969 revealed the following:

East Side West -Side Fulmar 2 or 3 11 pairs Shag 2 14 pairs Herring Gull 36 75 pairs Black Guillemot ? -

O Kittiwake - 1,664 individuals Razorbill 102 individuals Guillemot 2, 178 individuals

C) Threats to the Area None obvious

O Recommendations

Any future development should take into considerationthe geological value of the site. Free access to the exposures would be desirable. O Note: The acreage refers only to thearea of scientific importance.This disregards the area of the headland enclosedand may be an oversimplification where conservation is concerned.

1 58.

Name of area KNOCKADOON HEAD (27) Acreage 119 Grid Reference X. 290, 700 Scientific Interest Geological Ratin Regional Importance Priority C

Description of Area:

See Map 27. A rocky headland.

Evaluation:

The junction between the Carboniferous (limestone) and Devonian (sandstone) is exposed on the cliff face.

Threats to the Area: None obvious.

Recommendations: General planning control to maintain the scientific value of thearea and access to it would be desirable. 59.

Name of Area LOUGH AVAUL (28) Acreage 17 Grid Reference V. 909,531 Scientific Interest Ecological

Ratin: Regional Importance Priority C

Description of Area: See Map 28. An acid lake surrounded by moorland. O

Evaluation: Trout growth rate is rapid in spite of the lakebeing acidic. O

Threats to the Area: Eutrophication of the lake should be avoided. O

Recommendations: General planning control to ensure that runoff from septic tanksdoes not pollute a the water-body.

O

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Name of Area: DUNWORLEY BAY AND LIONS CAVE (29) Acreage 5 GridReference W. 473, 374 and W. 459,374. Scientific Interest Geological. Rating Regional and local importance. Priority C

Descriptionof Area:

See Map 29. Both sites are rocky coastal exposures.

Publications: Howard, D. 1970. The Geology of the Seven Heads.Thesis, U .C .C . O Evaluation: A quartz conglomerate occurs at the site, which may markthe base of the O Carboniferous in Southern Ireland.This is an important stratigraphic marker because palaeontological evidence for the Devonian and Lower Carboniferous periods in Ireland is sparse.Lion's Cave is the less valuable of the two sites.

C) Recommendations: Any development should be in keeping with the scientific valueof the area and free access to the site should be maintained. O

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Name of Area GORTMORE CAVES Acreage Grid Reference W. 440,980 Scientific Interest Geological Ratin Regional Importance

Priority B

Description of Area: A limestone cave system.

Publications: Coleman, J.C. 1965. The Caves of Ireland. Anvil Books, Tralee.

Evaluation: Of scientific value as a large limestone cave system.

Threats to the Area Quarrying has disrupted part of the system and further damageshould be prevented.

Recommendations:

Planning control to prevent further deterioration of the cave system.An Amenity Area Order to achieve this would be desirable. .-e

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Name of Area OVENS CAVES AND CARRIGACRUMP CAVES Acreage Grid Reference: W. 540,700 W. 889,659 Scientific Interest Geological. Rating Regional Importance Priority C

Description of Area: As for Gortmore Caves

Evaluation: As for Gortmore Caves.

Threats to the Area: As for Gortmore Caves.

Recommendations: As for Gortmore Caves. 63,

Name of Area KNOCKOMAGH WOOD (30) Acreage 23 Grid Reference W. 091 , 28 9 Scientific Interest Botanical Ratin Local Importance Priorit C

Description of Area. See Map 30. A mixed deciduous woodland.

Evaluation: The wood is typical of otherCork deciduous woods consistingof thinned oak with birch and some yew.Some aliens, like Spanish Chestnut,also occur.

Threats to the Area: Underplanting with conifers.

Recommendations: The deciduous character ofthe woodland should be preserved.Removal of alien trees would be desirable. flf arrRt t, L 1 ii.lr'tii ivti. I Li LL.u 1 30

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Name of area LOUGH ADERRY(31) Acreage 52 Grid Reference W. 937, 735 Scientific Importance Ornithological Ra tin Local Importance Priority C

Description of Area:

See Map 31. A small lake with reedbeds andMenyanthes trifoliata.

Evaluation: This lake is an overwintering area forwildfowl and swans.

Threats to the Area:

None obvious .

Recommendations: General planning control tomaintain the scientific value of the site should be - exercised. r rr.n II FIr!,!r.rr- - ,iL 'T 31

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65.

Name of area LOUGH ALLUA (32) Acreage 933 Grid Reference W. 200, 660 Scientific Interest Ornithological Ratin Local Interest Priority C

Description of the Area: See Map 32.* A lake surround by Reedbeds (Phragmites) and bog.

Evaluation: The area is a wintering ground for wildfowl and swansand a breeding area for Mallard and Teal.

Threats to the Area: Drainage of the marginal bog.

Recommendations: The area as delimited in Map 31 is large andrequires further investigation so that the site of greatest value may be described.This should be left as undisturbed as possible.

* The area of interest is here enclosed by field boundariesclose to the Road System more for convenience than as a rigid boundary enclosingthe A . S .I . Where ornithological reserves are considered however a buffer zone might be desirable in other cases also. 66.

Name of area TIVOLI - DUNKETTLE, RECLAIMEDLAND (33) Acreage 117 Grid Reference W. 715. 725 Scientific Interest Ornithological Rating Local Importance Priority C

Description of the Area: See Map (33) Reclaimed marshy ground withgrass and low bushes at the western end.

Evaluation

The area is a roosting ground for wadersand gulls and recent counts of the following have been made: Blacktailed godwit 1,000+ Bartailed godwit 500+ Dunlin 1,500+ Oystercatchers 1,000+ At the western end certain passerines (warblersand wagtails have been observed.

Threats to the Area:

Water and air-borne pollution.Some dumping is evident.

Recommendations:

Efforts should be made to maintain thescientific value of the area. 33 7 I e rr ani' 4/JfL1.. iI !iJ

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Name of Area BARLEY LAKE(34) Acreage 348 Grid Reference V. 875, S65 Scientific Interest Geological Ratin Local Importance Priority C

Description of the area: See Map 34. A glacial cirque

Evaluation:

This is a good example of a cirque structure.

Threats to the area:

Planting of forestry close to the run of the structurewould obscure its outline.

Recommendations:

The limits of forestry planting should be the lines delimitingthe area(Map 32). VViLii l11 i 34

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Name of Area AULTAGH WOOD Acreage Grid Reference W. 252, 584 Scientific Interest Botanical Ra tin 'Local Importance Priority C

Description of Area: Mixed deciduous woodland containing oak and birch.

Evaluation: The area contains a high proportion of oak.

Threats to the Area: Underplanting with conifers.

Recommendations: The woodland should be preserved. 69.

Name of Area THE LOUGH (3 5) Acreage 25 Grid Reference W. 664,705 Scientific Interest Ornithological Rating Local Importance Priority C

Description of Area: See Map 35. A small city-park lake.

Evaluation: gulls.An important factor The site is a place of observation for wildfowl and 0 in its value is its proximity to a centre ofpopulation.

Recommendations: Any development in the region should take into account thescientific value of the area lr n,lj I I t, -- r- 1itiU1i cr , 1: LtlLi"1 Uit . l . t d L 1; :11'' ( L I l, T35

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Name of Area ROSTELLAN LOUGH (36) Acreage 125 Grid Reference W. 873,659 Scientific Interest Ornithological, ecological and botanical Rating Local Importance Priority C

Description of the Area See Map 36.

This site is cut off from Cork Harbourby a causeway at the seaward end. The following plant speciesoccur there:

Agropyron caninum Bearded Twitch Typha latifolia Reedmace Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani Glaucous club-rush S. lacustris Common Bulrush Rumex sanguineu s Red-veined dock Scirpus maritimus Sea club-rush Mentha aauatica Water mint Agrostis tenuis Creeping Bent A. stolonifera Common Bent. A certain amount of Alder scrub is also presentat the margins and eastern end. At the western end there issome open water.

Evaluation

The area contains wildfowl and waders duringthe winter months:mainly diving duck occuring there. About 70 Pochard have been recordedalong with smaller numbers of Tufted duck. There is a wintering population of about50 Little Grebe and some of these breed. Waders use the area as a roosting siteand Snipe feed at the eastern end.

Threats to the Area

Dumpint of rubbish is occurring along the road-edgeof the marsh and shooting is also taking place. Drainage is a possibility. 0

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Recommendations

Conservation of this habitat would be desirable.To this end drainage should not occur and planning control should beexercised to ensure that eutrophication by domestic sewage does notoccur. Dumping and any other form of pollution should be prevented. Bird life might also be protected bya restriction of shooting. 72.

Name of Area: BALLYVERGAN MARSH (37) Acreage 171 Grid Reference X. 085,760 Scientific Interest Botanical; ornithological; ecological

Rating - Local Importance Priority C

Description of Area:

See Map 37. This is a marsh area in which a succession toscrub occurs.There are two kinds of plant assemblage in the marsh: Wet areas: Atriplex spp. Oraches Triglochin maritima Sea arrowgra s s Juncus gerardii Aster tripolium Sea Aster Dry areas: Phragmites communis Reed Potentilla anserina Silverweed Angelica sylvestris Wild Angelica Centaurea nigra Hardheads Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet Rumex crispus Curled dock Cerastium holosteoidesCommon Mouse-ear chickweed Equisetum arvense Common Horsetail Hypericum tetrapterumSquare stemmed St. John's Wort. Dactylis glomerata Cock's -foot Sucissa pratensis Devils-bit Scabious Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog Agrostis tenuis Bent grass A. stolonifera Fiorin Arrhenathrum elatius Flase Oat Grass o

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Festuca rubra Red Fescue F. ovina Sheeps' Fescue Mentha aguatica Water mint Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain Pulicaria dysenterica Fleabane Lotus corniculatus Birds-foot trefoil Scripus maritimus and Juncus maritimus were commonto both places . Some scrub alder also occurred.

Publications: Praeger, R.L. 190 and Irish Field Club Union) J.N.J. 16253 - 304.

Evaluation: The area is of botanical value because the vegetation formsa transition.from bog to scrub.Some wading birds were seen but the ornithological potential isnot known.Neomysis integer (Leach) (a Crustacean) is known to occur inthe A.S.I.

Threats to the Area: Drainageor dumping of rubbish would damage the marsh.

Recommendations: The area should be maintained as a wetland and futuredevelopment in the surrounding region should allow for this. 0

74.

Name of area o CAPEL ISLAND(38) Acreage 28 Grid Reference X. 101, 700 Scientific Interest Ornithological Rating Local Importance Priority C

Description of the Area: See Map 38. The area is a rocky marine island with heath vegetation.

Evaluation:

The Island is important as a breeding ground for seabirds.Herring gulls number approximately 200 pairs.Less than 20 pairs of each of the following species

also breed: Greater black backed gull,Cormorant,Shag,Fulmar and Auks.

Threats to the Area: None obvious.

Recommendations: Any development should be compatible with the scientific interest ofthe area. 38 `4,15 1"!,"t{S r rtr- :-c- n viai..itiai! ti 1 L i_i.J1

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75.

Name of area WOODLAND, WEST OF ARDGROOM Acreage Grid Reference V. 650, 550 Scientific Interest Botanical Ra tina Local Importance Priority C

Description of the Area: Rocky land with deciduous scrub.

Evaluation:

The scrub contains oak, birch andhazel.

Threats to the Area:

None obvious.

Recommendations:

It would be desirable to maintain thedeciduous trees. Name of area WOODLAND, SOUTH OF BALLYHOOLY Acreage Grid Reference W. 736, 980 Scientific Interest Botanical Rating Local Importance

Priority B

Description of the Area: A deciduous woodland.

Evaluation: There is a high proportion of oak and birch amongthe tree species.

Threats to the Area: Underplanting with conifers.

Recommendations: It would be desirable to maintain the deciduous trees. UPPER LEE RESERVOIR O Acreage.' Grid Refe W. 360,715 Scientific Interest Ornithological O Ra tint Local Importance

Priority c I

Description of Area:

This area is a. marsh having a profuse growth ofJuncus bulbosus -,-

Evaluation: Duck and waders overwinter here.

Threats to the Area:

None obvious. 73.

Name of Area WOODLAND EAST OF MACROOM (B) Acreage Grid Reference: W. 380, 658 Scientific Interest Botanical Rating Local Importance Priority C

Description of the Area: An area of deciduous woodland

Evaluation: Oak and birch occur as a high percentage of thetotal tree numbers.

Threats to the Area:

Underplanting with conifers. J

Recommendations: The site should be maintained as at present. O 79.

Name of area WOODLAND WEST OF MACROOM (C) Acreage Grid Reference W. 294, 673 Scientific Interest Botanical Rating Local Importance Priority C

Description of the Area: A deciduous woodland

Evaluation: A large percentage of the trees are oak and birch.

Threats to the Area: Underplanting with conifers.

Recommendations: O The area should be maintained as at present.

O

O

4

O

O 80.

Name of Area BOGLAND NEAR DURRUS (39) Acreage 28 Grid Reference V. 940, 401 Scientific Interest Botanical Ratin Local Importance Priority C

Description of the. Area

SeeMap(39) The area is a bog enclosing a small water body.The surrounding area supports alder scrub at the margins.The westerly side is covered with oak and birch scrub.

Evaluation: The area is of interest because of its botanical succession.

Threats to the Area: Drainage would ruin the scientific value of the site.

Recommendations: The site should be maintained in its present condition. 0

9

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Name of area WOODLAND NEAR KANTURK Acreage Grid Reference R. 389, 063 Scientific Interest Botanical Rating Local Importance Priority C

Description of the Area: A deciduous woodland

Evaluation: A large proportion of the trees are oak.

Threats to the Area: Underplanting with conifers.

Recommendations: It would be desirable to maintain the deciduous vegetation. O

82.

Name of area SHERKIN ISLAND Acreage Grid Reference W. 020, 250 Scientific Interest Botanical Rating Local Importance Priority C

Description of Area: Marine Island of old red sandstone covered with bog, heathand reed heds.

Publications:

Praeger, R.L. 1934 The botanist in Ireland, Hodges, Figgis &Co. Dublin. Praeger, R.L. 1901, Ir. Nat. 173. Polunin, O. 1950.Notes and additions to the flora of the Island ofsouth west Cork. Watsonia, 1: 359. O`Donovan, J.E. and O'Regan, B. 1952, Noteson Some Native and Alien Plants in West Cork. N.T. 10 : 235

Evaluation:

The island is considered to have a profuse flora composedof species which are rare elsewhere.Detailed mapping of the locality has not however beencarried out and this is required before specific recommendationscan be made. Ervngium cam estre is thought to be indigenous to the island.Most localities for the plant in England are probably from intorduced specimens.

Threats to the Area:

None known; again a survey of certainareas may reveal dangers to plant species of value.

Recommendations:

An assessment of the island should be carried outas soon as possible. Name of Area SHIPPOOL WOOD AND PART OF THE BANDONVALLEY Acreage Grid Reference W. 569, 549 Scientific Interest Botanical Rating Local Importance Priority C

Description of the Area: A deciduous woodland on the banksof the Bandon River.

Evaluation: Some oak and birch occur with a numberof other deciduous species.

Threats to the Area: Underplanting with coniferous trees.

Recommendations: The area should be maintained as at present.Selective removal of certain tree species would be desirable. Name of Area CASTLE BANDON PARK Acreage Grid Reference W. 476, 545 Scientific Interest Botanical Rating Local Importance Priority C

Description of the Area: A deciduous woodland.

Evaluation: Some oak and birch occur

Threats to the Area: Underplanting with conifers.

Recommendations:

The area should be maintained as at present.The selective removal of certain tree species would be desirable. 40 85.

Name of area WOODLAND WEST OF MACROOM (D) i Acreage Grid Reference W. 268, 738. Scientific Interest Botanical Ratin Local Importance Priority C

Description of the Area:

A deciduous woodland.

A Evaluation: The woodland contains some oakand birch.

Threats to the area: Underplanting with coniferous trees.

Recommendations: It would be desirable to maintainthe woodland as it is at present.

(-) o 86.

Name of area WOODLAND FROM WATERLOO TO BLARNEY Acreage Grid Reference W. 610, 770 Scientific Interest Botanical o Ratin Local Importance Priority C

o Description of the Area: A deciduous woodland o Evaluation:

The woodland is of interest because of the proportion ofoak and birch it contains. o Threats to the area: Underplanting with conifers.

1 Recommenda tions:

It would be desirable to maintain the woodland in itspresent condition.

1) 0 87.

Name of Area UNIONIAALL, CASTLETOWNSEND(40) Acreage 222 Grid Reference W. 185,320 Scientific Interest Botanical Ra tin Local importance Priority C

Description: See Map 40. The area is of woodland and part open ground.

Evaluation: This is a site for a rare plant species.

Threats to the area: None obvious.

Recommendations: Further research is necessary to establish the preciselocation and status of the important species within the delimited area. o

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Name of area EYERIES ISLAND (41) Acreage Grid Reference V. 635, 512 Scientific Interest Ornithological Rating Local Importance Priority C

Description of the Area: See Map (41) A rocky marine island.

Evaluation: The island is a nesting ground for between10 and 20 pairs of common and/or Arctic terns.

Threats to the area:

None obvious

Recommendations: Future development should be in accordancewith the scientific value of the area. o

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Name of area MYROSS WOOD, LEAP(42) Acreage 312 Grid Reference W. 21-2-,--a1O . Scientific Interest Botanical, ecological Ratin Local Importance Priority C

Description of Area: See Fig . 42. An area of mixed woodland and open ground.

Evaluation: A good example of an area of mixed forest.

Threats to the Area: None Obvious.

Recommendations: Future development in the region should be in accordance withthe scientific value of the area. I`) o

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Name of Area LOUGH BEG (43)

Acreage _ 224 Grid Reference W. 785,630 Scientific Interest Ornithological Ratin Local Importance Priority A

Description of the Area See Map 43.

The area consists of mudflats and is atidal inlet. Spartina occurs at the Western end.

Evaluation The site is an overwintering ground forwildfowl and waders

Threats to the Area Drainage and Spartina growth

Recommendations Drainage should not occur and Spartinashould be eradicated. In addition any alteration of existinghabitats by pollution should be avoided. o C 91.

Name of area TWO MOUNTAIN TARNS(44) O ( Acreage 3 Grid Reference V. 950, 603. Scientific Interest Zoological and ecological Rating o Local Importance C Priority C

Q Description of the Area: See Map (44) Two small lakes surrounded by moorland.

Publications:

Stelfox, A.W. and J.N. Milne, 1907.Further notes on the land and freshwater

Molluscs of West Cork and Kerry. J.N.T.16 : 286 - 288 O!

Evaluation:

The tarns are two of the three in which Pisidium'hibernicum, (a Mollusc), was discovered, the third being just over the Kerry border.

Threats to the Area: None obvious

Recommendations: o A detailed assessment of the tarns, in the light ofcurrent knowledge, should be carried out as soon as possible.

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92. o Name of area BUTLERSTOWN LAKE (45) Acreage 53 Grid Reference W. 922, 729 Scientific Interest Ornithological

Rating Local Importance C Priority C

Description of the Area: c See Map 45. A small lake with Menyanthes trifoliataand Phraqmites beds.There is some marginal bog. O'

Evaluation:

This is a wildfowl-frequented lake which is saidto have the largest Pochard OI population in Co. Cork.

Threats to the Area: O None obvious.

Recommendations:

Every effort should be made to maintain the scientific valueof this area.

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Name of Area ROSSCARBERY(46)

O Acreage 2,60 ; C Grid Reference W.290, 360 Scientific Interest Ornithological Rating Local Importance

Priority B

Description of the Area: See Map 46. O Rosscarbery is an estuary with mudflats and sand-dunes anda good marsh system.

Evaluation:

This is the best locality forwadersin West Cork.The species occurring there include Dunlin, Redshank, Curlew,Oystercatcher and Golden Plover.

Threats to the Area: Intense recreation pressures.

Recommendations:

Shooting should be controlledin the estuary and vehicles shouldnot be permitted on the sand dunes. 7

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. o 94.

Name of Area DOUGLAS RIVER ESTUARY (47) o Acreage 159 Grid Reference W. 713,698 Scientific Interest Ornithological Rating Local Importance Priority C

Description of Area See Map 47.

An area of salt marsh amd mudflats.

Evaluation

This is an overwintering ground for waders from NorthernEurope, Iceland O and Greenland.

Threats to the Area Pollution by water- and air-borne substances O'

Recommendations

It would be desirable to maintain the scientific valueof this area and general planning control should-be exercised to this end.

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