Underwater Archaeological Impact Assessment, Ballycotton, Co. Cork
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PROJECT Underwater Archaeological Impact Assessment, Ballycotton, Co. Cork. PREPARED BY Julianna O'Donoghue and Sarah Madden LICENCE NO. 18D0097 & 18R0142 DATE August 2018 CLIENT Tobar Archaeological Services Contents List of Figures ................................................................................................................................ 2 List of Plates .................................................................................................................................. 2 1. Introduction............................................................................................................................... 3 2. Scope of Assessment ................................................................................................................. 3 2.1 Desktop study ...................................................................................................................... 3 Site Inspection ........................................................................................................................... 4 3. Constraints and Technical Difficulties ....................................................................................... 4 4. Existing Environment ................................................................................................................. 4 5. Results ....................................................................................................................................... 5 5.1 Desktop Assessment ........................................................................................................... 5 Prehistoric occupation of Ballycotton Bay ................................................................................ 5 Early Medieval Period ............................................................................................................... 5 Medieval and Post-Medieval Period ......................................................................................... 6 5.2 Previous Archaeological Investigations ............................................................................. 11 5.3 Shipwrecks......................................................................................................................... 11 5.4 Site Inspection ................................................................................................................... 11 6. Impacts .................................................................................................................................... 20 7.Mitigation ................................................................................................................................. 20 8. Bibliography ............................................................................................................................ 20 8.1 Documentary Sources ....................................................................................................... 20 8.2 Other Sources .................................................................................................................... 21 1 List of Figures Figure 1: Extract from National Monuments Services application shoing distribution of recorded monuments and protected architecture in Ballycotton Harbour vicinity. .................... 5 Figure 2: Down Survey map of County of Corke (Hibernia Delineatio, 1675). .............................. 7 Figure 3: Excerpt of Down Survey of Imokilly Barony, Cloyne Parish, Ballycottin (1786 Daniel O’Brien copy) ................................................................................................................................. 7 Figure 4: 1st edition Ordnance Survey map of Ballycotton (1842). .............................................. 8 Figure 5: 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map (1897) showing structures of Ballycotton Harbour. ..................................................................................................................................................... 10 Figure 6: Extract from site drawing provided to Mizen Archaeology showing location of proposed S.I. works. .................................................................................................................... 12 Figure 7: Area of archaeological survey outlined in red. ............................................................ 13 Figure 8: Overview of existing pier structures. Edited from the 2012 foreshore license application for the Shanagarry, Garryvoe, Ballycotton Sewage Scheme (2012) . Error! Bookmark not defined. List of Plates Plate 1: Intertidal area seabed sediment .................................................................................... 13 Plate 2: View of eastern limits of Ballycotton Harbour. .............................................................. 15 Plate 3: Dense blanket of sea-lettuce covering the entire survey area during July 2018. .......... 15 Plate 4: Remaining extent of original Ballycotton Pier, taken from west. .................................. 16 Plate 5: Detail of stone work on western elevation of Ballycotton Pier. .................................... 16 Plate 6: East-facing elevation of Ballycotton Pier. Parapet wall visible. ..................................... 17 Plate 7: Detail of eastern elevation stone work, positioning, and mortar. ................................. 17 Plate 8:Image of steps on west elevation of Ballycotton Pier..................................................... 18 Plate 9: Exposed original pier stone on top of western edge of pier, taken from north. ........... 19 Plate 10: View of bollards on pier. .............................................................................................. 19 2 1. Introduction This report relates the results of an underwater archaeological impact assessment (UAIA) of a proposed outfall pipe in Ballycotton Harbour, Co. Cork. The report comprises an addendum to the Archaeological Screening Assessment (ASA) of Ballycotton Sewage Scheme by Tobar Archaeological Services (2018) and should be read in conjunction with it. Furthermore, for brevity sake and the avoidance of unnecessary repetition, this study does not include an in- depth archaeological and historical background of the wider cultural heritage background as it was already comprehensively included in the screening report. 2. Scope of Assessment The assessment explores the archaeological context of Ballycotton Bay and investigates the character, significance and sensitivity of its archaeological heritage. The aim of the assessment was to determine the significance of the known archaeology, identify previously unrecorded archaeology on the seabed/foreshore, to assess the potential for impacting previously unrecorded archaeology during the proposed construction works and to recommend mitigation measures to minimise negative impacts on any archaeological remains. 2.1 Desktop study • The Record of Monuments and Places (RMP) compiled by the Archaeological Survey of Ireland comprises lists, classifications of monuments and maps of all recorded monuments with known locations and zones of archaeological significance. The monument records are accessible online from the National Monuments Section (NMS) of the Department of Arts, Heritage and Gaeltacht (DAHG) at www.archaeology.ie. These were used to establish the wider archaeological context of the site. • OSI: Ordnance Survey Ireland historic and contemporary maps were examined to measure the changing landscape of the river bank and the development of the village. • The Excavations Bulletin online database (www.excavations.ie) which contains summaries of all archaeological excavations in Ireland, was consulted to review archaeological investigations done previously in the area. • Wreck Inventory of Ireland Database (WIID) and Wreck Viewer: The information contained within the inventory was gathered from a broad range of cartographic, archaeological and documentary sources, and each entry in the Inventory gives information on the ship’s name, type of vessel, port of origin, owner’s name, cargo, date of loss and other relevant information where available. The Record of Piers and Harbours is a draft unpublished document compiled by the DAHG. It draws on various historical sources dealing with historical piers and harbour development in Ireland. • Cartography: Several historic maps and charts were examined (see references below for a full list). • Aerial Photography: A variety of low and high altitude aerial photography was examined (see references below for full list). 3 • Documentary sources: Several sources were examined. For a full list of all sources examined see Bibliography below2.2 Site Inspection. Site Inspection The site of the proposed outfall was inspected during July and again in August 2018. A visual inspection (wade) survey in tandem with a handheld metal detection survey was undertaken in the proposed outfall area. Any features of potential archaeological significance were recorded including scaled drawings, written and photographic record. 3. Constraints and Technical Difficulties The metal detection survey was slightly hampered by the presence of moored vessels as well as a buried linear ferrous object running close to and parallel to the pier. No detailed drawings or description of the proposed development was available during the preparation of this report. The initial survey undertaken in July 2018 was impeded by the presence of a dense carpet of sea-lettuce which had accumulated at the south-eastern corner of the harbour and