LE BOHEC, Y., ED.: THE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE , 3 VOLS.

It should come as no surprise that the history of the great was inextricably linked to the successes of its army. The Encyclopedia of the Roman Army is a comprehensive three-volume reference to the armed forces deployed by ancient , from its origins in the early Republic to the waning days of empire. While sectional listings are considered chronologically in the Republic, , and Late Antique periods, special emphasis is devoted to the Imperial era—a period for which textual and archaeological evidence abounds, and a time during which the Roman army was at its peak.

Entries cover a range of topics from military training, weapons, tactics, and strategy to individual battles, legions, commanders, army life, veterans, and much more. Larger themes relating to the military and Rome’s economy, politics, and religion are also explored. With individual listings contributed from some of the world’s most prestigious scholars and military historians, The Encyclopedia of the Roman Army is the definitive resource for one of the greatest military institutions in world history.

List of Entries : Actium  Administration: Late Antiquity  Administration: Principate  Administration: Republic  Adrianople  Aerial Photography  Africa  African Auxiliaries  agens, agentes in rebus  Agricola  Alamanni: Late Empire  Alamanni: Principate  Alani: Late Empire  Alani: Principate  Albano  Alésia  Allies: Late Empire  Allies: Principate  Allies: Republic  Altrip  Ambush: Late Empire  Ambush: Principate  Ambush: Republic  Amida  Amphibious Warfare   Arabia  Arabs  Arch of Constantine  Arch of Orange  Archers, sagittarii : Late Empire  Archers, sagittarii : Principate  Archers, sagittarii : Republic  Armament of the Enemies  Armenia: Late Empire  Armenia: Principate  Armenia: Republic  Army as a total institution  Army Constructions: Late Empire  Army Constructions: Principate  ’s Army  Augustus’s Wars  Avars  Axes  bagaudae  Baggage Train: Late Empire  Baggage Train: Principate  Baggage Train: Republic  Bandit: Late Empire  Bandit: Principate  Barbarization  Barracks  : Late Empire  Batavi: Principate  Bathhouse  Battle in Open Country: Late Empire  Battle in Open Country: Principate  Battle in Open Country: Republic  Battle in Town: Late Empire  Battle in Town: Principate  Battle in Town: Republic  bellum iustum  Belt, cingulum  Biological and Chemical Warfare  Black Sea  Body Armor  bona castrensia  Bonn  Booty: Late Empire  Booty: Principate  Booty: Republic  Bostra  Boudican Revolt  Bow  Brigetio Tablet  Britain: Late Empire  Britain: Principate  Britons: Principate  bucelarii , buccellarii  Caerleon   Camels  Camp  Camp Security: Late Empire  Camp Security: Principate  Camp Security: Republic  campus  Cannae  Cappadocia  Caracalla  Carausius  Careers: Late Empire  Careers: Principate  Careers: Republic  Carnuntum  Catapult  Caucasian Countries  Cavalry: Late Empire  Cavalry: Principate  Cavalry: Republic  Celts: Late Empire  Celts: Principate  Celts: Republic  Cemetery: Military  Ceremonies, Military: Late Empire  Ceremonies, Military: Principate  Ceremonies, Military: Republic  Christians: Late Empire  Christians: Principate  Cisalpine  Civil or Civilian Settlements  Civil Wars: Late Empire  Civil Wars: Principate  Civil Wars: Republic  Civilians: Late Empire  Civilians: Principate  Civilians: Republic  Claudius  Clothes  Cohorts of  Colchester  Colleges, Military  Column of  , comites : Late Empire  comes , comites : Republic and Principate  comitatenses  Constantine I  : The Defences  Constantius II  corvus  Counter-Insurgency: Late Empire  Counter- Insurgency: Principate  Counter-Insurgency: Republic  Dacian Wars  Dagger  Danubian Provinces  Danubian Soldiers  Death in Battle: Late Empire  Death in Battle: Principate  Death in Battle: Republic  Decisive battle  deditio  Defenses  Defensive, Offensive Wars, Strategies of: Late Empire  Defensive, Offensive Wars, Strategies of: Principate  Defensive, Offensive Wars, Strategies of: Republic  Demography and Army: Late Empire  Demography and Army: Principate  Demography and Army: Republic  Depictions, Military  desertor , proditor , and transfuga : Late Empire  desertor , proditor , and transfuga : Principate  desertor , proditor , and transfuga : Republic  Deutz, Divitia  Diet   Dionysias  Diplomacy: Late Empire  Diplomacy: Principate  Diplomacy: Republic  Discharge, missio  Discipline: Late Empire  Discipline: Principate  Discipline: Republic  Diseases  domestici  donativa and liberalitates : Late Empire  donativa and liberalitates : Principate  ducatus  Dura-Europos  Eastern Auxiliaries: Late Empire  Eastern Auxiliaries: Principate  Eastern Auxiliaries: Republic Empire  Economic Warfare: Late Empire  Economic Warfare: Principate  Economic Warfare: Republic  Economy and the Army: Late Empire  Economy and the Army: Principate  Economy and the Army: Republic  Edessa  Egypt  Eleous  Engineering Works  Epigraphy: Late Empire  Epigraphy: Principate  Equids  Equine Equipment  singulares Augusti  Ethics  Etruscans, Army of the  excubitor : Late Empire  fabrica  Face of Battle for Civilians  Face of Battle for Soldiers  Field Officers: Late Empire  Field Officers: Principate  Field Officers: Republic  Flavians and the Army   Fortified Farm  fossa  : Late Empire  Franks: Principate  Gaetuli  Gallic War   General: Late Empire  General: Principate  General: Republic  gentiles  Germans: Late Empire  Germans: Principate  Germans: Republic  Germany  glandes  Glory  Gloucester  : Late Empire  Goths: Principate  Greeks  Guerilla Warfare: Late Empire  Guerilla Warfare: Principate  Guerilla Warfare: Republic  Hadrian and the Army  Hadrian’s Wall  Haltern  Hannibal  Headquarters  Helmet  Heraclius  Hispani: Principate  Hispani: Republic  Historians: Late Empire  Historians: Principate  Historians: Republic  Honorary Titles  Hospital, valetudinarium  hospitalitas  Huns  Iatrus  Iberian Peninsula  Iberians as Enemies  Iberians: Republic  imperator : Late Empire  imperator : Principate  Imperial Cult: Late Empire  Imperial Cult: Principate  Imperialism  imperium  Implements  Inchtuthill  Infantry: Late Empire  Infantry: Principate  Infantry: Republic  Instruments of vigiles  Intelligence: Late Empire  Intelligence: Principate  Intelligence: Republic  Irish  Isaurians  Italians as Enemies of Rome: Republic  Italians in the Roman Army: Republic  Italians: Late Empire  Italians: Principate  Italy  ius belli  ius militare , Military Law  Jewish Wars: Principate  Jewish Wars: Republic  Judaea    Justice, Military  Justinian  Kalkriese  Khusro I  Khusro II  laeti  Lambèse  Landing  Languages: Late Empire  Languages: Principate  People as Enemies  Law Codes  Lejjun    Literacy: Late Empire  Literacy: Principate  Literacy: Republic  litus Saxonicum  Local Militias: Late Empire  Local Militias: Principate  Logistics: Late Empire  Logistics: Principate  Logistics: Republic  Luxor  Lyon (Lugudunum) , Battle of   Marcomani  Marcomanic Wars  Marcus Aurelius  Marius  Marriage  Masada  Mauretania  Maximinus Thrax  Medical Service: Late Empire  Medical Service: Principate  Mercenaries: Late Empire  Mercenaries: Republic  Mesopotamia  miles : Late Empire  miles : Principate  miles : Republic  Military Footwear  Military History, Roman Modern  Military Life: Late Empire  Military Life: Principate  Military Life: Republic  militiae equestres  Mirebeau  Moors, : Late Empire  Moors, Mauri: Principate  Morale: Late Empire  Morale: Principate  Morale: Republic  Music: Late Empire  Music: Principate  Music: Republic  Naval Base  Navy   Neuss  Nijmegen  Non-Commissioned Officers, NCO: Late Empire  Non-Commissioned Officers, NCO: Principate  Non- Commissioned Officers, NCO: Republic  Notitia Dignitatum  Novae  Numantia  Numidae: Principate  Numidae: Republic  Numismatics: Late Empire  Numismatics: Principate  Numismatics: Republic  Oath: Late Empire  Oath: Principate  Oath: Republic  Oberaden  Order of March: Late Empire  Order of March: Principate  Order of March: Republic  ordo  Origins of the Roman Army  ostraka  Palaestina, Syria Palaestina  palatini  Palmyra  Papyrology, Papyrus: Late Empire  Papyrology, Papyrus: Principate  Parade, decursio : Late Empire  Parade, decursio : Principate  Parade, decursio : Republic  Parthian Wars: Principate  Parthian Wars: Republic  patria : Late Empire  patria : Principate  pax romana : Principate  pax romana : Republic  Pay and Incomes: Late Empire  Pay and Incomes: Principate  Pay and Incomes: Republic  Persian Wars: Late Empire  Persian Wars: Principate  Picti  pilum  Piracy: Late Empire  Piracy: Principate  Piracy: Republic  plumbatae  , Policing: Late Empire  Police, Policing: Principate  Politics: Late Empire  Politics: Principate  Politics: Republic  postliminium  Praetorian Cohorts  Prisoner: Late Empire  Prisoner: Principate  Prisoner: Republic  probatio : Late Empire  probatio : Principate  probatio : Republic  procurator  Psychological Warfare   Pyrrhus  Qasr Bchir  : Late Empire  Quadi: Principate  Quarries   Recruitment, Organization: Late Empire  Recruitment, Organization: Principate  Recruitment, Organization: Republic  Recruitment, Social and Geographical Aspects: Late Empire  Recruitment, Social and Geographical Aspects: Principate  Recruitment, Social and Geographical Aspects: Republic  Religions: Late Empire  Religions: Principate  Religions: Republic  Rewards: Late Empire  Rewards: Principate  Rewards: Republic  Road Fortification  Rome  Saalburg  Samnites  Sardinia  Sarmatae: Late Empire  Sarmatae: Principate   palatinae  Scipio, Africanus I  scutarii  Scythae: Late Empire  Scythae: Principate  Sea Battle: Late Empire  Sea Battle: Republic  Seapower: Late Empire  Seapower: Principate  Seapower: Republic  Senatorial Provinces  Senior Officers: Late Empire  Senior Officers: Principate  Senior Officers: Republic   Servile Wars   Shapur I  Shapur II  Shield  Siege Warfare: Late Empire  Siege Warfare: Principate  Siege Warfare: Republic  Signal, Signaling  Small War: Late Empire  Small War: Principate  Small War: Republic  Social War  Society and the Roman Army: Late Empire  Society and the Roman Army: Principate  Society and the Roman Army: Republic  Spear  Speech, adlocutio : Late Empire  Speech, adlocutio : Principate  Speech, adlocutio : Republic  Split  Stables  Stamps  Standards  Stanegate, Vindolanda  statio , stationarii : Late Empire  statio , stationarii : Principate  Stilicho  Strasbourg, Argentorate: Late Empire  strata Diocletiana  Stratagem: Late Empire  Stratagem: Principate  Stratagem: Republic  Strategy: Late Empire  Strategy: Principate  Strategy: Republic  Suicid  Sulla, Sylla  Sword, gladius  Syria  Syrian Wars  Tacfarinas  Tactics: Late Empire  Tactics: Principate  Tactics: Republic  testamentum  Theodosius I   Training: Late Empire  Training: Principate  Training: Republic  Trajan  Trajan’s Column  Transfers: Late Empire  Transfers: Principate  Transfers: Republic  Transmission of Orders: Late Empire  Transmission of Orders: Principate  Transmission of Orders: Republic  tribuli  Triumph: Principate  Triumph: Republic  Trophy  Units in the Notitia Dignitatum  Units: Principate  Units: Republic  Urban Cohorts    Vandals  Veterans: Late Empire  Veterans: Principate  Veterans: Republic   viri militares  Waldgirmes  War Cry  War Machines  Wars against Mithridates  Wars of the 3rd century CE  Wars of the First Republican Period, 509–201 BCE  Wars of the Late Empire  Wars of the Late Republic, 133–31 BCE  Wars of the Middle Republic, 201–133 BCE  Wars of the Principate  Warship  Water  Windisch, Vindonissa  Women  Wounds  Writers: Late Empire  Writers: Principate  Writers: Republic  York, Eboracum.