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Easter 1916 - the Background

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Easter 1916 - the Background NICIE Thematic Unit Easter Rising 1916 Easter 1916 - The Background In 1916 Ireland was still part of the British Empire. The streets of Dublin looked quite like any English city. The Union Jack flag was flown on public buildings like the GPO and post boxes were painted red. British Army were common place on the streets. However in Ireland, there was renewed interest in the Irish language and in Irish culture and literature. Much of this interest was led by The Gaelic League, The GAA and The Gaelic Revival. People like WB Yeats were part of this cultural ‘revolution’. In the country as a whole a growing number of people believed that Ireland was a distinctive country and not just a region of the United Kingdom. They believed that while remaining within the British Empire, Ireland should be allowed to make many its own laws. This was called Home Rule. Two Home Rule Bills had been rejected in the British Parliament but the third Home Rule Bill had passed and was waiting to be enforced. It was thought that it would become law in the summer of 1914. The support of Irish M.P.s for the British government in parliament had led to this promise of Home Rule - after the end of the war. The Irish Parliamentary Party and in particular its leader John Redmond had encouraged Irish men to join the British Army and to fight against Germany. He hoped that this act of allegiance would help secure Home Rule after the war. In Europe in 1916 World War I had been ongoing for 2 years. Thousands of Irish soldiers were now fighting. Many had joined the British Army in the hope of getting a secure wage and of being able to fend for their families. Many lost their lives in the trenches and on the battle fields fighting against the German Kaiser William and his army. In the North East of Ireland, Unionists were opposed to the idea of Home Rule. They wanted to remain completely within the United Kingdom with parliament in Westminster. In order to protect their interests and to oppose Home Rule they had set up The Ulster Volunteer Force. Guns were imported and the UVF practise drilling and training. In response to this, the Irish Volunteers were founded by Eoin Mac Neill with the aim of ensuring that Home Rule was introduced at the end of the war. They also practise drilling and training. However, they have limited supplies of weapons. They too had been gun running. By 1916 The Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB), a more militant group, had infiltrated the Irish Volunteers and other organisations associated with the Gaelic revival. With its connections to the Fenians, the IRB was not satisfied with Home Rule but wanted a completely independent Ireland. With Britain at war in Europe, the IRB was convinced that now was the time to stage an armed uprising. ‘England’s difficulty is Ireland’s opportunity’ was their thinking! Planning for a rising began and there were hopes of getting guns from Germany. A nationwide rising involving thousands of Irish Volunteers was planned for Easter Sunday. The IRB kept its plans secret from the leadership of the Irish Volunteers. That is where we pick the story up. NICIE Thematic Unit Easter Rising 1916 1 NICIE Thematic Unit Easter Rising 1916 Introduction To The Theme This information gives a brief context and provides a background to the events that unfolded in Dublin between April 23rd and 29th 1916. It is not necessary for the children to know much of this in any detail. The teacher may decide what to share with them. The history of Ireland and its relationship with Britain is so complicated that it cannot be fully explored within the context of this theme. The purpose of this Thematic Unit is to explore the events which happened in Dublin in that fateful week and what happened subsequently. The subject is one which engenders many differing views and opinions even now 100 years later. It is important that children have an accurate and unbiased account of what happened, an account that allows them to gain some understanding of the lead up, course and consequences of Easter 1916 in Ireland. They will learn about the people who took part in the Rising on both the Irish and the British side. They will find out about the buildings and the places connected to the Rising. They will gain some knowledge of the chronology of the Rising. During their learning they will also consider the mistakes and errors which led to the calamity of this event. They will be encouraged to think about questions such as; if and how the Rising was a success or failure. They will explore how lessons can be learned form History and from the Rising itself. The children will explore sources and they will be encouraged to use skills in the areas of Geographic and Historic investigation. They will also be encouraged to use all the Thinking Skills and Personal Capabilities. There are opportunities for them to develop the Core Skills of Communication and Using ICT. 2 NICIE Thematic Unit Easter Rising 1916 NICIE Thematic Unit Easter Rising 1916 The Lead Up! A set of cards which creates a timeline of the important events in the lead up to the Rising has been given. During this activity the children will complete some ‘guided’ research. The timeline which is provided will focus their research. They can use the event mentioned to locate information about the relevant date. This timeline should be cut up into 10 strips. The strips which are jumbled up can be given to the children who have 3 tasks to perform: 1. Find out the relevant dates for each of the events they have been given 2. Complete the timeline by filling in these dates on the space 3. Order the timeline to show the correct chronology of what happened in the lead up to the Rising Completion of this activity will give the children some background information so that they will have some knowledge of what the history to the Rising was. Once they have done this they could then complete the fourth tasks 4. Sort the short pieces of information which have also been provided to match them to the timeline and the relevant organisation. Alternatively this could be an extension activity or teacher led so that they teacher can assure that the children have the necessary knowledge to move forward with. NICIE Thematic Unit Easter Rising 1916 3 NICIE Thematic Unit Easter Rising 1916 Understanding The Times Event Date: Month /Year (To be completed by the children) Irish Volunteers Formed Cumann Na Nban Formed Irish Citizen Army Formed World War 1 Act Of Union Ulster Volunteers Formed The Easter Rising Famine Years Lockout Of Workers And Unrest Dublin Irish Republican Brotherhood Is Formed 4 NICIE Thematic Unit Easter Rising 1916 NICIE Thematic Unit Easter Rising 1916 Some Basic Information For Timeline Events This organisation was formed to support the workers who had been locked out of their places of work. Under this agreement Ireland was governed by British rule. There was no parliament in Ireland. This group wanted to make sure that Ireland remained under British rule and so they armed themselves and began to practise fighting if they needed to to protect the Act of Union. They did not want Home Rule. This war broke out in 1914 and lasted until 1918. Britain and the allies were at war with Germany. Many thousands of Irishmen fought with British forces. During this event trade unions in Dublin supported workers who were asking for better working conditions and hours of work. The employers locked the workers out and they got no pay. A planned rebellion. Most of the action taking place only in Dublin. Formed to counter the Ulster Volunteer Force this group wanted to ensure that Ireland was given Home Rule which had been promised for after WW1. This was an army made up of only women. They wanted to help Ireland get Home Rule and they were organised to help the men who might have to fight to achieve this. This secret organisation was formed. They were willing to fight for the indepence of Ireland. NICIE Thematic Unit Easter Rising 1916 5 NICIE Thematic Unit Easter Rising 1916 Plans That Were Shot Out Of The Water! The Ulster Volunteers had successfully brought more than 25,000 guns into Ireland by 1916. These were ready to be used to stop the granting of Home Rule. They had arrived in boats in Larne, Bangor and Donaghadee in April 1914. The Irish Volunteers had been less successful with the running of just about 1000 older rifles into Irleand in July 1914. These guns arrived in Howth. The leaders of the IRB knew that they needed more arms. As Germany and Britain were at war they contacted German leaders and arranged for guns and ammunition to be brought to Ireland from Germany. A man from Dublin called Roger Casement left Ireland to bring back these weapons and also the rebels hoped that the Germans would send soldiers to fight the British. They hoped that the Germans would help in the fight for Irish freedom. They would be disappointed. Roger Casement managed to get around 20,000 rifles from the Germans and several million rounds of ammunition but this was not the help that the IRB leaders had hoped for. The arms were being smuggled in on a boat called the Aud. It was captained by Captain Karl Spindler.
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