California Institute of Technology Annual Report 2003–2004 In 2003, Caltech registered more U.S. patents than any other single university. Patent #6,669,793 Microstructure controlled shear band pattern formation in ductile metal/bulk metallic glass matrix composites prepared by SLR process- ing Patent #6,666,831 Method, apparatus and system for automation of body weight support training (BWST) of biped locomotion over a treadmill using a programmable stepper device (PSD) operating like an exoskeleton drive system from a fixed base Patent #6,665,013 Active pixel sensor having intra-pixel charge transfer with analog-to-digital converter Patent #6,664,039 Methods and compositions for modulating neurodegeneration Patent #6,660,926 Thermoelectric devices based on materials with filled skutterudite structures Patent #6,660,844 Optical sensors of cell signaling Patent #6,660,255 Inhibition of gene transcription by polyamide DNA-binding ligands Patent #6,658,550 Pipelined asynchro- nous processing Patent #6,656,450 Macrocyclic magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents Patent #6,654,102 Miniature optical sensor Patent #6,649,801 Anionic borate ligands and zwitterionic complexes formed therefrom Patent #6,649,350 Electrochemical sensor using intercalative, redox-active moieties Patent #6,642,537 Dual band QWIP focal plane array Patent #6,638,756 Chimeric cell-targeting pathogenic organism and method of therapeutic use Patent #6,635,417 Complex formation between DSDNA and oligomer of cyclic heterocycles Patent #6,633,696 Resonant optical wave power control devices and methods Patent #6,633,671 Camera-based handwriting tracking Patent #6,633,331 High-speed CCD array camera with random pixel selection Patent #6,631,333 Methods for remote characterization of an odor Patent #6,630,290 Lithography using quantum entangled particles Patent #6,627,469 Methods for forming semi- conductor lenses on substrates Patent #6,625,569 Real-time spatio-temporal coherence estimation for autonomous mode identification and invariance tracking Patent #6,625,368 Titanium-indiffusion waveguides and methods of fabrication Patent #6,624,265 Ruthenium metal alkylidene complexes coordinated with triazolylidene ligands that exhibit high olefin metathesis activity Patent #6,623,937 Programmed cell death antagonist protein Patent #6,622,872 Micromachined membrane particle filter using parylene reinforcement Patent #6,621,687 Micro-supercapacitor Patent #6,620,264 Casting of amorphous metallic parts by hot mold quenching Patent #6,615,076 Neural prosthetic using tem- poral structure in the local field potential Patent #6,613,910 One-pot synthesis of group 8 transition metal carbene com- plexes useful as olefin metathesis catalysts Patent #6,612,743 Wavelength division multiplexed optical solitons Patent #6,612,535 MEMS valve Patent #6,610,999 Multiple stage high power diode Patent #6,610,626 Highly active metathesis catalysts generated in situ from inexpensive and air stable precursors Patent #6,610,540 Low oxygen culturing of cen- tral nervous system progenitor cells Patent #6,610,367 Use of an array of polymeric sensors of varying thickness for detecting analytes in fluids Patent #6,609,017 Processed neural signals and methods for generating and using them Patent #6,608,726 Solid immersion lens structures and methods for producing solid immersion lens structures Patent #6,608,668 Sub miniaturized laser doppler velocimeter sensor Patent #6,608,228 Two-photon or higher-order absorbing optical materials for generation of reactive species Patent #6,607,740 Enzyme-mediated modification of fivrin for tissue engineering Patent #6,606,122 Single chip camera active pixel sensor Patent #6,603,473 Detail data pertaining to the shape of an object surface and related methods and systems Patent #6,600,565 Real-time evaluation of stress fields and properties in line features formed on substrates Patent #6,598,750 Micromachined membrane particle filter using pary- lene reinforcement Patent #6,598,455 Non-inertial calibration of vibratory gyroscopes Patent #6,596,267 Methods and compositions to prevent formation of adhesions in biological tissues Patent #6,594,586 Incorporation of contextual infor- mation in object identification Patent #6,594,061 Acceleration-insensitive opto-electronic oscillators Patent #6,593,731 Displacement transducer utilizing miniaturized magnet and hall junctionQWIP focal plane array Patent #6,593,110 Checkpoint-activating oligonucleotides Patent #6,593,065 Method of fabricating nanometer-scale flowchannels and trenches with self-aligned electrodes and the structures formed by the same Patent #6,592,735 DNA sequencing machine with improved cooling characteristics Patent #6,592,689 Fractional variation to improve bulk metallic glass forming capability Patent #6,590,197 Fabricating a hybrid imaging device Patent #6,589,728 Methods for isolation and activation of, and control of differentiation from, stem and progenitor cells Patent #6,589,684 Direct methanol feed fuel cell and system Patent #6,587,180 Adjustable liquid crystal blazed grating deflector Patent #6,586,785 Aerosol silicon nanoparticles for use in semiconductor device fabrication Patent #6,586,207 Overexpression of aminoacyl-tRNA syn- thetases for efficient production of engineered proteins containing amino acid analogues Patent #6,584,845 Inertial sen- sor and method of use Patent #6,583,881 Lithography using quantum entangled particles Patent #6,583,702 Quadrupole mass spectrometer driver with higher signal levels Patent #6,583,672 Method for controlling bias in an active grid array Patent #6,583,399 Optical resonator microsphere sensor with altering Q-factor Patent #6,582,208 Bladeless pump Patent #6,580,851 Resonator fiber bidirectional coupler Patent #6,580,532 Opto-electronic techniques for reducing phase noise in a carrier signal by carrier supression Patent #6,580,503 Particle sizing and concentration sensor using a hollow shaped beam Patent #6,580,337 MEMS switch Patent #6,580,089 Multi-quantum-well infrared sensor array in spatially-separated multi-band configuration Patent #6,579,683 Artery- and vein-specific proteins and uses therefor Patent #6,579,068 Method of manufacture of a suspended nitride membrane and a microperistaltic pump using the same Patent #6,578,966 Computer-based 3D visual field test system and analysis Patent #6,576,899 Direct detection of low-energy charged particles using metal oxide semiconductor circuitry Patent #6,576,113 Method of elec- troplating of high aspect ratio metal structures into semiconductors Patent #6,574,501 Assessing blood brain barrier dynamics or identifying or measuring selected substances or toxins in a subject by analyzing Raman spectrum signals of selected regions in the eye Patent #6,573,897 Real-time, interactive animation of deformable two- and three-dimensional objects Patent #6,571,603 Method of resolving analytes in a fluid #6,570,617 CMOS active pixel sensor type imaging sys- tem on a chip Patent #6,567,598 Titanium-indiffusion waveguides Patent #6,567,436 Opto-electronic oscillators having optical resonators Patent #6,567,157 Fast mixing condensation nucleus counter Patent #6,566,496 Neurogenin Patent #6,563,039 Thermoelectric unicouple used for power generation Patent #6,562,567 Method of detecting a nucleic acid Patent #6,560,030 Solid immersion lens structures and methods for producing solid immersion lens structures Patent #6,559,724 Techniques for enhancing gain in a quasi-optic grid array Patent #6,559,125 Polyamide-alkylator conjugates and related products and method Patent #6,555,842 Active pixel sensor with intra-pixel charge transfer Patent #6,555,692 Preparation and use of bifunctional molecules having DNA sequence binding specificity Patent #6,555,337 we wield an influence far out of proportion to our size, influence that is felt both in and beyond the academe. LETTER FROM THE CHAIRMAN

December 31, 2004, marked the end of trustees to the board, six in the last aca- my term as chairman of Caltech’s Board demic year alone. Joining us in 2003–04 of Trustees. What an exciting four years it were John D. Diekman, the founder and was, both for me personally and for the managing partner of 5AM Ventures of Institute. Menlo Park, California; Los Angeles Times One of my most important—and publisher John P. Puerner; Clara Spalter most gratifying—responsibilities as board Miller, the principal of Regulus chairman was helping to plan and direct International Capital Corporation in “There’s only one. Caltech,” our $1.4 Greenwich, Connecticut (and a Caltech billion fund-raising campaign. I am very alumna); John W. Mack, president of the pleased with how this ambitious effort has Los Angeles Urban League; Lewis W. van progressed since its public launch in Amerongen of LvA Enterprises, Inc.; and October 2002. By the end of last fiscal Marc I. Stern, president of TCW, Inc. This year, we had raised $979.5 million toward seemed to me an unusual rate of change, our goal—not bad for a school with only even for our dynamic board, and it about 20,000 living alumni. The effect of prompted me to do some research into these campaign funds on the Caltech how this group has evolved since I gradu- community is already starting to be felt. ated from Caltech. New professorships, scholarships, and fel- In 1954, I discovered, the board had lowships are being funded; old buildings only 24 voting members; today, there are are being renovated and planned buildings 56. All but one of those 24 lived in are moving closer to construction; and Southern California; today our trustees much-needed scientific equipment is come from all over the country (and one being purchased. I have every confidence lives overseas). The 1954 board was all that we will continue to make steady male and all Caucasian; today’s board is progress over the remaining three years of 21 percent female, and has several African the campaign, and that our outstanding American and Asian members. These priorities will be funded. changes in the board’s composition reflect During the past four years, I also similar developments in the campus com- had the pleasure of welcoming 12 new munity. The Institute’s student body has grown from 579 undergrads and 427 Mabel Beckman Prize. His influence was graduate students in 1954 to 896 under- felt not only in what he gave, but in who he grads and 1,276 graduate students today. was—in the way his philosophy guided his In 1954, Caltech had only two female dealings with everyone he encountered. students (both of them in graduate pro- The Caltech community is incalculably grams); today, we have 282 female under- greater for his having been a part of it. grads and 356 female grad students. Our I have turned the helm of the board professorial faculty has also grown, from over to my successor, Kent Kresa, chair- 168 in 1954 to 283 today. Of particular man emeritus of Northrop Grumman interest to me was the fact that while Corporation and a Caltech trustee since today we have 19 Caltech alumni on the 1994. Kent has always approached his board, 50 years ago there was only one: board service with great enthusiasm and Arnold O. Beckman, who passed away last vigor, and I have no doubt that he will April at the age of 104. bring the same energy to this new posi- In fact, Dr. Beckman was our first tion. I leave our dedicated fellow trustees alumnus-trustee—a pioneer in this as in in his capable hands. I am confident that so much else in his life. Over the course of together they will bring the campaign to a an almost 80-year association with the successful end, and—more importantly— Institute, he wore just about all the hats ensure the Institute’s continued preemi- there are to wear. He was a graduate nence in scientific research and education. student (PhD ’28); a faculty member until 1940, when he left to found his innovative company, Beckman Instruments; and the Benjamin M. Rosen first alumnus to serve as board chairman, Chairman, Caltech Board of Trustees a job he carried out superbly from 1964 to 2001–04 1974. His personal service to the Institute was exceeded only by his financial gen- erosity: among his many gifts to Caltech were four buildings, a professorship, the Beckman Scholar programs, and the

2/3 California Institute of Technology LETTER FROM THE PRESIDENT

If you have picked up a Caltech publication wavelengths, which allows our investiga- in the past two years, you will probably tors to follow their scientific curiosity into recognize “There’s only one. Caltech” realms unavailable in Pasadena. as the slogan of our current fund-raising Recently, some of our staff were campaign. This slogan is meant as a putting together a new brochure about reminder that Caltech is unique in the sci- these off-campus facilities, and were entific community because of our distinc- trying to decide what to call it. The title tive mixture of certain key characteristics. they came up with—“There’s only one By some measures, for instance, we are Caltech, but it’s not all in one place”—is, a small school—our full-time faculty of course, a variation of our campaign number fewer than 300, our student body slogan; but I think it also might have made about 2,100. Yet we wield an influence far a good slogan for the Institute’s 2003–04 out of proportion to our size, influence academic year. During that period, much that is felt both in and beyond the that was newsworthy about Caltech academe. No other institution of our size, research occurred away from Pasadena— for instance, can count so many Nobel sometimes very far away indeed. laureates among its faculty and alumni: A fitting subtitle for 2003–04 might 30 as of last October, when professor have been “the year of JPL.” With several Hugh David Politzer received the 2004 missions returning a wealth of new data Nobel Prize in Physics. And no other within months of each other, the Jet single university registered as many U.S. Propulsion Laboratory last year surpassed patents as we did in 2003: 141. (Only the even its own earlier successes. The good entire University of California system news began to arrive in January, with the registered more.) One reason this small flawless landings of the Spirit (January 3) place can have such a big impact is that and Opportunity (January 24) rovers on our faculty have many more resources Mars. These two remarkable vehicles available to them than our 124-acre cam- completed their primary three-month pus can contain. We operate an impressive missions in April, and as of September array of off-campus and space-based 2004 were still in good health and working observatories examining radiation at many double overtime. Among their many findings is evidence that a body of salty ence operations based on the Caltech water once covered at least some of the campus. Launched in August 2003, Spitzer red planet in the distant past. looks at the sky at infrared wavelengths. Another of last year’s very successful The telescope is finding such things as a space missions was GALEX, the Galaxy never-before-seen globular cluster—a Evolution Explorer, an orbiting space bundle of stars dating back to the birth of telescope designed to observe galaxies the Milky Way that may help tell us how in ultraviolet light across 10 billion years our galaxy formed. Spitzer can also see of cosmic history. GALEX is an excellent dust clouds where planets may be forming example of the many fruitful collaborations around other stars. Some of the clouds are

OUR FACULTY HAVE MANY MORE RESOURCES AVAILABLE TO THEM THAN OUR 124-ACRE CAMPUS CAN CONTAIN.

between Caltech and JPL: it’s a NASA mis- larger than expected—perhaps fed by sion whose principal investigator is Caltech embryonic planets destroying one another faculty member Christopher Martin. As of in collisions—suggesting that planetary October 2004, GALEX had completed about birth may be a longer and more chaotic half of its planned three-year mission; it process than previously thought. had surveyed 20 percent of the sky and col- And under the heading of “delayed lected 1.5 terabytes of raw data (1.5 trillion gratification,” in July JPL’s Cassini mission bytes). By the end of its mission, scientists arrived at Saturn after a seven-year project, GALEX will have amassed a stun- voyage. Among the remarkable discoveries ning 30 terabytes of information about the that Cassini has made so far are a new universe. Saturnian ring and two previously unknown Yet another example of Caltech–JPL moons. The spacecraft has also taken synergy is the Spitzer Space Telescope, a the most revealing images yet of Saturn’s NASA mission managed by JPL with sci- mysterious moon Titan.

4/5 California Institute of Technology OUR GROUND-BASED OBSERVATORIES ALSO REPORTED SOME AMAZING DISCOVERIES LAST YEAR.

Far from being outdone by the space- more revelations in the future, when the based telescopes, our ground-based new Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT) is observatories also reported some amazing completed. Building on the successful discoveries last year. Using the 48-inch partnership behind the Keck Observatory, Samuel Oschin Telescope at Palomar we are once again collaborating with Observatory, planetary scientist Mike the University of California (this time Brown and his colleagues identified a adding the U.S. and Canadian National planetoid they’ve dubbed Sedna (after the Observatories to the mix). The TMT, which sea goddess in Inuit mythology). At more is currently in the design phase, will be than eight billion miles from Earth, Sedna a truly astonishing optical/infrared instru- is by far the most distant body known to ment, with nine times the light-gathering orbit our sun, and is likely the largest capability of the twin Kecks and the ability object found in the solar system since the to deliver images 12 times sharper than discovery of Pluto in 1930. Also using the the Hubble Space Telescope, even though Oschin Telescope—this time with the pow- it will be ground based. It will greatly erful new QUEST digital camera affixed to expand our understanding of how the it—astronomer George Djorgovski and his chemical elements were synthesized as team identified a quasar nearly six billion the universe expanded and how galaxies light-years away. And over in Mauna Kea, assembled from the very earliest minia- Hawaii, at the W. M. Keck Observatory, ture systems into the grand structures we astronomers Richard Ellis and Jean-Paul see today. Kneib discovered the most distant galaxy Caltech would not be able to under- yet detected. The investigators estimate take visionary projects like the TMT with- that this galaxy is 13 billion light-years out the generous support of its friends— away, which means they are viewing it at in this case, the Gordon and Betty Moore a time only 750 million years after the Foundation, which has donated a total of Big Bang, when the universe was barely $35 million ($17.5 million each to Caltech 5 percent of its present age. and the University of California) to fund As exciting as these discoveries are, the new telescope’s design. The Moore Caltech space science promises even Foundation’s contribution to the TMT project came to us as part of our “There’s Moores’ personal campaign contributions only one. Caltech” campaign, which has have allowed us to maintain the Moore been publicly under way for just over two Visiting Scholar program, have provided years. I’m glad to report that as of the end postdoctoral and graduate fellowships, of fiscal year 2004, we had raised close to and have made all-important contribu- $1 billion—$979.5 million, to be exact— tions to our endowment. toward our $1.4 billion goal. For a school One of our essential campaign goals with only about 20,000 living alumni, this was to bring in funds to construct and is an ambitious goal; so I find our progress renovate buildings. We have been quite gratifying. successful at finding donors for these

CALTECH WOULD NOT BE ABLE TO UNDERTAKE VISIONARY PROJECTS LIKE THE TMT WITHOUT THE GENEROUS SUPPORT OF ITS FRIENDS.

Funds received through the campaign projects. The earliest evidence of this is are already having a significant impact the wonderful restoration of Dabney Hall on our campus. Half of the Moores’ total of the Humanities, which was completed gift of $600 million comes as grants from last September. Our next building priority the Moore Foundation given over 10 years. will be the Cahill Center for Astronomy With these funds we have been able to and Astrophysics, for which we have much purchase some much-needed large equip- but not all the funding. We have also ment: magnetic resonance imagers, secured the funding for the Walter and cryo-electron microscopes, and an X-ray Leonore Annenberg Center for Information beamline at the Stanford accelerator. Science and Technology, which will be We have also been able to establish new located next to the Moore Laboratory of programs like the Tectonics Observatory, Engineering. This building will house which aims to develop a dynamic model Caltech’s new interdisciplinary effort to that accounts for both earthquake motion study the nature, transformation, storage, and the forces that drive that motion. The and manipulation of information. Pursuing

6/7 California Institute of Technology these and other projects—like the long- our capabilities in this important emerg- overdue renovation of the south student ing field. houses, which is scheduled to begin in In addition to these developments in June 2005—means that the Caltech research and fund-raising, 2003–04 also campus will be a multifocal construction brought considerable change to the site for several years to come. Caltech community. Benjamin M. Rosen But buildings are just hollow shells retired as chairman of Caltech’s Board of without people to animate them. Thus, Trustees, which he had headed up since another major campaign priority has been January 2001. During his tenure, Ben very to raise funds for professorships, under- ably presided over the planning, launch,

SCIENCE IS FUNDAMENTALLY A HUMAN ENDEAVOR, CREATIVE AND UNPREDICTABLE, ONE THAT FINDS ITS HIGHEST EXPRESSION IN BENEFITING HUMANKIND.

graduate financial aid, and graduate and first two years of the “There’s only fellowships. Again, we have been quite one” campaign, a gift of service to his successful, with more than $94 million alma mater for which we are all very raised so far in those three areas (includ- grateful. He has been succeeded by Kent ing $2 million for the very popular and Kresa, chairman emeritus of Northrop successful Summer Undergraduate Grumman Corporation and a Caltech Research Fellowships program). We have board member since 1994. I am looking also raised $97 million in research forward to working with Kent to bring our funds, a significant amount of which campaign to a successful conclusion over will go to supporting the people who do the next three years. the research. One notable example of On campus, Professor of Theoretical this support is the $7.5 million gift from Physics Steven Koonin stepped down after the Kavli Foundation to establish the nine years as provost to take the position Kavli Nanoscience Institute at Caltech, of chief scientist at BP. Paul Jennings, a development that will greatly enhance emeritus professor of civil engineering and applied mechanics, succeeded him, Telescope. While we feel their absence resuming a post he also held from 1989 to deeply, we know that in some sense they 1995. Vice President for Business and are still with us in the students and col- Finance Albert G. Horvath left the Institute leagues they inspired. to become the chief financial officer at When we remember men like these, Columbia University. Art Elbert, associate we are reminded of another—and perhaps vice president for campus planning, the most profound—way Caltech influ- served as acting vice president for busi- ences the world: by training future scien- ness and finance while a search commit- tists and engineers. If we did not take the tee sought Al’s successor. A new vice pres- educational component of our mission so ident, Dean W. Currie, was appointed in seriously, the ranks of the scientific com- December, and will be coming to Caltech munity would be significantly diminished from Rice University in February 2005. (and I would have far less news to report This past academic year also saw the in this publication). Our illustrious prede- passing of five extraordinary scientists: cessors also remind us of what could be alumnus William H. Pickering, director accomplished in an era much less techno- of JPL from 1954 to 1976 and a central logically sophisticated than ours. They saw figure in the U.S. space race; Arnold O. clearly that science is fundamentally a Beckman, the first Caltech alumnus human endeavor, creative and unpre- to serve as chairman of our board, and dictable, one that finds its highest expres- a longtime benefactor; alumnus Edward B. sion in benefiting humankind. It is a vision Lewis, winner of the 1995 Nobel Prize in that still guides Caltech today. Physiology or Medicine; geologist Robert P. Sharp, a leading authority on the surfaces of Earth and Mars and a longtime David Baltimore head of our geological and planetary President sciences division; and James A. Westphal, a former director of Palomar Observatory and leader of one of the original instru- ment-building teams for the Hubble Space

8/9 California Institute of Technology there’s only one caltech, but it’s not all in one place.

THE YEAR IN REVIEW the year in review and science headlines 2003 to 2004

1921 OCTOBER 2003 Caltech Today, the Institute’s new online daily newspage, debuts. Drawing its news from a wide variety of sources, the page is a substantial upgrade to its predecessor, Tech Today.

10.14.03 The annual Biology Forum takes place in Beckman Auditorium. This year’s topic is “Remembering the Past, Imaging the Future—Diagnosing and Treating Alzheimer’s Disease.” A panel of experts moderated by Los Angeles Times science writer Robert Lee Hotz discusses the latest imaging techniques for visualizing pathology in the brains of Alzheimer’s patients.

10.22.03 Caltech, JPL researchers unveil details on new SEISMOLOGICAL LABORATORY type of light detector based on superconductivity. PASADENA AND SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 10.23.03 Alumnus Rahul Mahajan (BS ’92), a peace activist who also holds a PhD in physics, gives the first address in the 2003–04 Social Activism Speaker Series, “The Bush Doctrine at Home and Abroad: Militarism Meets ‘Globalization.’”

10.24.03 John D. Diekman, founder and managing partner of 5AM Ventures of Menlo Park, California, is elected to Caltech’s board of trustees.

NOVEMBER 2003

11.11.03 Caltech trustee Shirley Malcom opens the 2003–04 Presidential Lecture Series on Achieving Diversity in Science, Math, and Engineering with a talk entitled “Let Nurture Take Its Course: Diversifying the Talent Pool for Science and Engineering.”

11.12.03 Gamma-ray bursts, X-ray flashes, and supernovae not as different as they appear, researchers find. 1930

WILLIAM KERCKHOFF MARINE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY JET PROPULSION LABORATORY CORONA DEL MAR, CA PASADENA, CA

11.14.03 GALCIT (Caltech’s Graduate Aeronautical Laboratories) observes its 75th anniversary with presenta- tions, tours, panel discussions, and social gatherings.

11.24.03 Caltech/UCLA study finds new clues to the origins of brain tumors. Engineers announce new, more promising type of electrolyte for fuel cells.

DECEMBER 2003

12.11.03 Geophysicists gain new insights on Earth’s core- mantle boundary. 1944 JANUARY 2004

01.15.04 Wilmot James, the Moore Visiting Professor of History and Sociology, is the second speaker in the Institute’s 2003–04 Presidential Lecture Series on Achieving Diversity in Science, Math, and Engineering. His talk is entitled “Africa, Genomic Science, and Some Notes on the Evolution of Human Diversity.”

01.17.04 Caltech commemorates the 10th anniversary of the Northridge earthquake with “Learning from the Past, Planning for the Future,” a daylong campus event com- prising lectures, displays, movies, and children’s activities.

01.19.04 Caltech students revive a venerable, but long dor- mant, tradition: Mudeo. The event, which includes men’s and women’s wrestling matches, a tug-of-war, and a wheelbarrow race, takes place on the muddy construction site that has temporarily replaced the athletic field.

01.27.04 Los Angeles Times publisher John P. Puerner is elected to the board of trustees.

12/13 California Institute of Technology 1948

PALOMAR OBSERVATORY NORTH SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CA

FEBRUARY 2004

Beckman Auditorium marks its 40th anniversary. A gift of alumnus Arnold Beckman (PhD ’28) and his wife, Mabel, the Edward Durrell Stone–designed building is the Institute’s premier venue for lecture and performing arts programs.

02.02.04 Professor of Theoretical Physics Steven Koonin steps down after nine years as Caltech’s provost, and also begins a leave of absence from his faculty post to assume a position in industry. Leonhard Professor of Geology Edward M. Stolper agrees to serve as interim provost.

02.03.04 Herman Wouk, the Pulitzer Prize–winning author of The Caine Mutiny and other novels, delivers the 2004 Michelin Distinguished Lecture, “A Random Walk Through My Literary Life.”

02.09.04 Engineers design revolutionary radar chip.

02.11.04 “Zombie” behaviors are part of everyday life, according to neurobiologists.

02.15.04 Researchers using Hubble and Keck Telescopes find farthest known galaxy in the universe.

02.19.04 Planetary scientists find planetoid in Kuiper Belt; could be biggest yet discovered. 1958

OWENS VALLEY RADIO OBSERVATORY SUBMILLIMETER OBSERVATORY BIG PINE, CA MAUNA KEA, HI

02.25.04 The Leakey Speaker Series on Human Origins resumes for 2003–04 with “The Adaptable Hand-Axe and Human Origins,” a lecture by Richard Potts, the director of the Smithsonian Institution’s Human Origins Program. Other speakers in this year’s series will be Berhane Asfaw, director of the Middle Awash Research Project (April 7), and Nina Jablonski, the Irvine Chair and Curator of Anthropology at the California Academy of Sciences (May 19).

02.25.04 Burmese activist Ka Hsaw Wa gives the second address in the 2003–04 Social Activism Speaker Series. 1986

02.26.04 The Office of the Registrar launches REGIS, its new web-based course enrollment system for Caltech students.

MARCH 2004

03.08.04 Neuroscientists discover fundamental scaling rule that differentiates primate and carnivore brains.

03.13.04 “Bob,” Caltech’s entry in the DARPA Grand Challenge desert road race, finishes 1.3 miles of course.

03.15.04 William H. Pickering dies. Director of JPL from 1954 to 1976 and a central figure in the U.S. space race, Pickering was also a Caltech alumnus (BS ’32, MS ’33, PhD ’36) and professor.

03.15.04 Most distant object in solar system discovered; could be part of never-before-seen Oort cloud.

03.24.04 Beckman pH meter designated a National Historic Chemical Landmark.

14/15 California Institute of Technology 03.27.04 Groundbreaking for the Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-wave Astronomy (CARMA) facility held near Bishop, California.

APRIL 2004

04.06.04 Award-winning novelist Ian McEwan comes to Caltech as writer in residence. His three-day visit culmi- nates in a reading and book signing in Beckman Auditorium on April 8.

04.15.04 Bernie Sanders, Vermont’s at-large member of the United States House of Representatives, discusses the Patriot Act at the third presentation of the 2003–04 Social Activism Speaker Series. MAY 2004

04.27.04 Clara Spalter Miller (BS ’84), principal of Regulus 05.06.04 Actor Mike Farrell visits campus as a lecturer in International Capital Corporation in Greenwich, Caltech’s Social Activism Speaker Series. Connecticut, is elected to the board of trustees. 05.06.04 Physicists successful in trapping ultracold neu- trons at Los Alamos National Laboratory.

05.18.04 Alumnus (PhD ’28) and Caltech board chairman emeritus Arnold Beckman dies. The nationally recognized inventor, scientist, philanthropist, and business leader was 104.

1991

W.M. KECK OBSERVATORY COSMIC BACKGROUND IMAGER MAUNA KEA, HI SAN PEDRO DE ATACAMA, CHILE 1999 05.27.04 Unexpected changes in Earth’s climate observed on the dark side of the moon.

JUNE 2004

06.11.04 Caltech’s 110th commencement is held on Beckman Mall. This year’s speaker is Carly Fiorina, chair- man and chief executive officer of Hewlett-Packard. 532 degrees are awarded: 208 BS (109 of them with honor); 156 MS; 2 Engineer; and 166 PhD.

06.27.04 Caltech’s first Research Science Institute begins on campus, continuing through August 7. This six-week program for academically talented high-school science students is produced in cooperation with the Virginia- based Center for Excellence in Education, which for the past 11 years has also sponsored a similar program at MIT.

06.20.04 Caltech holds its first-ever staff appreciation event, “A Fair to Remember,” on Beckman Mall.

LASER INTERFEROMETER GRAVITATIONAL-WAVE OBSERVATORY HANFORD, WA & LIVINGSTON, LA

1999

16/17 California Institute of Technology 2003

THE CENTER FOR INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES (CIT)2 PASADENA, CA

JULY 2004

07.08.04 Neuroscientists demonstrate new way to control prosthetic device with brain signals.

07.19.04 Caltech and MIT propose measures to ensure accuracy, accessibility in presidential election.

07.21.04 Edward B. Lewis (PhD ’42), winner of the 1995 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his ground- breaking studies of how genes regulate the development of specific regions of the body, dies at age 86.

07.21.04 San Andreas earthquakes have almost always been big ones, paleoseismologists discover.

07.26.04 New class of reagents developed by chemical biologists for in vivo protein tracking.

07.27.04 John W. Mack, president of the Los Angeles Urban League, and Lewis W. van Amerongen of LvA Enterprises, Inc., are elected to the board of trustees.

AUGUST 2004

08.12.04 Chemists devise new, simpler way to make carbo- hydrates.

08.22.04 Geobiologists create novel method for studying ancient life forms.

08.30.04 Sand dune noise may be a resonance effect, mechanical engineer theorizes. RANKINGS

2003 Caltech registers more patents than any other single university in the nation. (Only the entire UC system regis- ters more.)

JANUARY 2004 Kiplinger Report names Caltech “the best value in education.” THIRTY METER TELESCOPE IN DESIGN AND SITE-PLANNING PHASE FEBRUARY 2004 Caltech places 12th among the top 15 U.S. institutions ranked in the “Best Places to Work for SEPTEMBER 2004 Postdocs” survey conducted by The Scientist.

Paul C. Jennings, professor of civil engineering and APRIL 2004 Caltech rises in U.S. News & World Report’s “Best applied mechanics, emeritus, begins his second stint as Graduate Schools” rankings, placing sixth among top Caltech’s provost (a position he also held from 1989 to engineering schools in the nation, as well as in the top 10 1995). Jennings succeeds Steven Koonin, who resigned in six engineering specialties: the post in February. computer, #6 (up from #10) electrical, #4 (up from #7) 09.01.04 International team of scientists establishes new environmental, #5 (up from #8) Internet land-speed benchmark. mechanical, #4 (up from #8) aeronautical, #3 (unchanged) 09.15.04 Albert G. Horvath resigns as vice president for chemical, #4 (unchanged) business and finance to take a position at Columbia University. Arthur J. Elbert, associate vice president for NOVEMBER 2004 The Scientist ranks Caltech #1 on its campus planning, will serve as acting vice president while top-10 list of “Best Places to Work in Academia.” a search committee looks for Horvath’s successor. Caltech is the fourth-best university in the world, accord- 09.15.04 Biologists uncover new facts about odor detection ing to the UK-based Times Higher Education Supplement. in insects; findings could lead to more effective repellents. Professor of Political Science Michael Alvarez 09.17.04 Dabney Hall of the Humanities is rededicated after and the Voting Technology Project are named to the undergoing extensive refurbishing over the past year. “Scientific American 50” by Scientific American magazine, which honors 50 individuals, teams, companies, and OCTOBER 2004 other organizations whose accomplishments in research, business, or policy making during 2003–04 demonstrate 10.05.04 Professor of Theoretical Physics Hugh David outstanding technological leadership. Politzer receives the Nobel Prize in Physics.

18/19 California Institute of Technology JPL HIGHLIGHTS

Even by the standards of its often history-making activi- ties, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory enjoyed an extraordi- nary year in 2004, as several of its missions achieved high-profile milestones.

Engineers and scientists were jubilant when the twin Mars Exploration Rovers landed successfully in January, embarking on cross-country ambles in search of evidence of past water on the red planet. During the year, the rovers sent home more pictures than all other Mars sur- face missions combined, surpassed their mission goals many times over, and chalked up many billions of hits on their websites.

After a seven-year journey from Earth and several flybys of other planets, the Cassini spacecraft fired its main engine for an hour and a half in July to drop into Saturn’s orbit. In October, the spacecraft made a close pass by haze-shrouded Titan, Saturn’s largest moon and a prime target of the mission. At the end of December, Cassini released Huygens, an instrumented probe provided by the European Space Agency. Huygens is targeted to descend to the surface of Titan in mid-January 2005.

The Stardust spacecraft took the best-ever pictures of a comet nucleus when it passed close to comet Wild 2 in January, and also collected samples of cometary dust that will be returned to Earth in 2006. In September, the Genesis spacecraft brought a cargo of solar wind samples back to Earth. Although the spacecraft’s parachutes failed to open, most of the samples were retrieved.

Two JPL instruments became operational on NASA’s Earth-orbiting satellite Aura in July. The Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer is a first-of-its-kind infrared sen- sor that studies the lowest region of Earth’s atmosphere, while the Microwave Limb Sounder monitors ozone and other chemicals in the atmosphere.

Throughout the year, two space telescopes launched in 2003—the Spitzer Space Telescope and the Galaxy Evolution Explorer—studied the universe in infrared and ultraviolet wavelengths, respectively. DEVELOPMENT HIGHLIGHTS

Caltech received a total of $98,864,175* in cash and > The Sherman Fairchild Foundation approved a $10 securities in fiscal year 2004, including more than $13 million grant in support of the Cahill Center for million from the estates of 31 individuals; just over $50 Astronomy and Astrophysics. Architect Thom Mayne million from foundation donors; and more than $5 million was retained to design the building, which is tentatively from corporations. Twenty-eight percent of all alumni scheduled to begin construction in mid-2006. made gifts supporting the Institute. Alumni, Caltech Associates, trustees, and other individuals contributed > The Annenberg Foundation awarded a $25 million in excess of $8,180,000 in current-use, restricted, and grant for the construction of the Walter and Leonore unrestricted gifts. Annenberg Center for Information Science and Technology. This building will serve as the headquar- ters of Caltech’s new Information Science and Technology initiative.

> The Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation approved As of September 30, 2004, $979,641,341 had been several grants toward the foundation’s $300 million raised through the “There’s only one. Caltech” campaign, campaign commitment: $25.4 million to fund program- and significant progress was made toward many ming, laboratory equipment, research facilities, campaign goals: and staffing of the Kavli Nanoscience Institute; $14.2 million to enable scientists at Caltech and Stanford to > The restoration of Dabney Hall was completed in sum- collaborate on the construction of a high-intensity mer 2004. This project brought the building’s appear- X-ray beam line at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation ance in line with its original design and reestablished it Laboratory; $13.2 million to establish the Tectonic as home to Caltech’s humanities program. Observatory for field studies of key plate boundaries; and $17.5 million to fund the design-development > Fred Kavli and the Kavli Foundation committed a total phase of the Thirty Meter Telescope. of $7.5 million to establish the Kavli Nanoscience Institute. This support will help position Caltech at the leading edge of nanoscale science and engineering by * This figure is based on the effective date of cash/securities creating new research opportunities and attracting received per the Council for Advancement and Support of exceptional faculty and students. Education reporting standards, and may differ from audited financials. > Groundbreaking at the planned site for the Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-wave Astronomy (CARMA) took place in March 2004. The $15 million CARMA project entails moving the telescopes of the Owens Valley Radio Observatory and the Berkeley- Illinois-Maryland Association to Cedar Flat in eastern California’s Inyo Mountains to create a powerful new array of 15 telescopes.

20/21 California Institute of Technology AWARDS AND HONORS National Science and Technology Council, PRESIDENTIAL EARLY CAREER AWARD FOR SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS: NATIONAL AWARDS AND HONORS Babak Hassibi, Associate Professor of Electrical Engineering Mark Simons, Associate Professor of Geophysics Council of the National Academy of Sciences, and Brian M. Stoltz, Assistant Professor of Chemistry Governing Board of the National Research Council, NATIONAL ASSOCIATE OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES: Anneila I. Sargent, Benjamin M. Rosen Professor of Astronomy INTERNATIONAL AWARDS AND HONORS and Director, Owens Valley Radio Observatory Eleventh International Conference in Approximation National Academy of Sciences, MEMBER: Theory, VASIL A. POPOV PRIZE: Donald V. Helmberger, Smits Family Professor of Geological and Serguei Denissov, Olga Taussky and John Todd Instructor in Planetary Sciences Mathematics Andrew E. Lange, Marvin L. Goldberger Professor of Physics Stephen L. Mayo, Professor of Biology and Chemistry and Associate Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, ALBERT Investigator, Howard Hughes Medical Institute EINSTEIN ANNUAL LECTURER:

FOREIGN ASSOCIATE: David Baltimore, President of Caltech and Professor of Biology David J. Stevenson, George Van Osdol Professor of Planetary Japan Academy, 2004 JAPAN ACADEMY PRIZE: Science Hiroo Kanamori, John E. and Hazel S. Smits Professor of Geophysics National Academy of Sciences, Institute of Medicine, MEMBER: Moscow Mathematical Society, 2003 PRIZE: Frances H. Arnold, Dick and Barbara Dickinson Professor of Alexei Borodin, Professor of Mathematics Chemical Engineering and Biochemistry

Royal Astronomical Society, 2004 MICHAEL PENSTON National Aeronautics and Space Administration, ASTRONOMY PRIZE: NASA EXCEPTIONAL SCIENTIFIC ACHIEVEMENT MEDAL: Clive Dickinson, Postdoctoral Scholar in Astronomy Yuk L. Yung, Professor of Planetary Science

NASA OUTSTANDING LEADERSHIP MEDAL: Royal Society, FOREIGN MEMBER: Charles Elachi, Vice President; Director, Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Peter M. Goldreich, Lee A. DuBridge Professor of Astrophysics and Professor of Electrical Engineering and Planetary Science and Planetary Physics, Emeritus

National Institutes of Health, DIRECTOR’S PIONEER AWARD: Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, NOBEL PRIZE Robert Phillips, Professor of Mechanical Engineering and IN PHYSICS: Applied Physics Hugh David Politzer, Richard Chace Tolman Professor of Stephen R. Quake, Thomas E. and Doris Everhart Professor of Theoretical Physics Applied Physics and Physics SC2003 Conference, 2003 GORDON BELL PRIZE, CORECIPIENT: National Outdoor Book Award, 2004 RECIPIENT, Jeroen Tromp, Eleanor and John R. McMillan Professor of NATURE AND ENVIRONMENT CATEGORY: Geophysics and Director, Seismological Laboratory Kenneth G. Libbrecht, Professor of and Executive Officer Dimitri Komatitsch, Senior Research Fellow in Geophysics for Physics Chen Ji, Associate Scientist

Shanghai Institute for Advanced Studies, Center for Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, KEYNOTE SPEAKER AND HONORARY PROFESSOR: John H. Schwarz, Harold Brown Professor of Theoretical Physics Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, 2004–05 POLLAK American Vacuum Society, Southern California Chapter, LECTURER: LEADING EDGE STUDENT SYMPOSIUM, FIRST PRIZE: Morteza Gharib, Hans W. Liepmann Professor of Aeronautics and Kerry J. Vahala, Ted and Ginger Jenkins Professor of Information Bioengineering Science and Technology and Professor of Applied Physics

Association for Symbolic Logic, PRESIDENT: AWARDS AND HONORS FROM PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES Alexander S. Kechris, Professor of Mathematics

American Astronomical Society, 2004 JOSEPH WEBER AWARD Astronomical Society of the Pacific, ROBERT J. TRUMPLER FOR ASTRONOMICAL INSTRUMENTATION: AWARD: Thomas G. Phillips, Altair Professor of Physics and Director, David Charbonneau, Millikan Postdoctoral Scholar in Astronomy Caltech Submillimeter Observatory Franklin Institute, 2004 BENJAMIN FRANKLIN MEDAL IN American Crystallographic Association, KENNETH N. CHEMISTRY: TRUEBLOOD AWARD: Harry B. Gray, Arnold O. Beckman Professor of Chemistry Richard E. Marsh, Senior Research Associate in Chemistry, Emeritus 2004 BOWER AWARD AND PRIZE FOR ACHIEVEMENT IN SCIENCE: Seymour Benzer, James G. Boswell Professor of Neuroscience, American Geophysical Union, FELLOW: Emeritus Joseph L. Kirschvink, Nico and Marilyn Van Wingen Professor of Geobiology Geological Society of America, 2004 ARTHUR L. DAY MEDAL: Yuk L. Yung, Professor of Planetary Science Edward M. Stolper, William E. Leonhard Professor of Geology

American Philosophical Association, 2004 ARTICLE PRIZE: Protein Society, 2005 STEIN AND MOORE AWARD, CORECIPIENT: Alan Hájek, Associate Professor of Philosophy Alexander J. Varshavsky, Howard and Gwen Laurie Smits Professor of Cell Biology American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology / International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, WILLIAM C. ROSE AWARD: FOUNDATION AWARDS Sunney I. Chan, George Grant Hoag Professor of Biophysical Chemistry, Emeritus Peter Gruber Foundation, 2004 NEUROSCIENCE PRIZE: Seymour Benzer, James G. Boswell Professor of Neuroscience, American Society of Civil Engineers, NORMAN MEDAL, Emeritus CORECIPIENT: Fatemeh Jalayer, George W. Housner Postdoctoral Scholar in John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation, FELLOW: Civil Engineering Joann M. Stock, Professor of Geology and Geophysics

2004 THEODORE VON KÁRMÁN MEDAL: Japan–United States Educational Commission, FULBRIGHT Theodore Yao-Tsu Wu, Professor of Engineering Science, Emeritus GRANT:

American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2004 LIFETIME Joann M. Stock, Professor of Geology and Geophysics ACHIEVEMENT AWARD: Mind Science Foundation, 2004 TOM SLICK RESEARCH AWARD Theodore Yao-Tsu Wu, Professor of Engineering Science, Emeritus IN CONSCIOUSNESS, CORECIPIENT: Christof Koch, Lois and Victor Troendle Professor of Cognitive and Behavioral Biology and Professor of and Executive Officer for Computation and Neural Systems Melissa Sáenz, Postdoctoral Scholar in Biology

22/23 California Institute of Technology David and Lucile Packard Foundation, FELLOWSHIP IN INSTITUTE HONORS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING: Re’em Sari, Associate Professor of Astrophysics and Planetary ENDOWED PROFESSORSHIPS: Science Thomas J. Ahrens, Fletcher Jones Professor of Geophysics David J. Anderson, Roger W. Sperry Professor of Biology Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, RESEARCH FELLOW: Pamela Bjorkman, Max Delbrück Professor of Biology Andrew W. Blain, Assistant Professor of Astronomy John C. Doyle, John G Braun Professor of Control and Dynamical Nathan M. Dunfield, Associate Professor of Mathematics Systems, Electrical Engineering, and Bioengineering Sunil Golwala, Assistant Professor of Physics James P. Eisenstein, Frank J. Roshek Professor of Physics Vadim Yu. Kaloshin, Associate Professor of Mathematics Yizhao Thomas Hou, Charles Lee Powell Professor of Applied and Re’em Sari, Associate Professor of Astrophysics and Planetary Computational Mathematics Science Joseph L. Kirschvink, Nico and Marilyn Van Wingen Professor Tapio Schneider, Assistant Professor of Environmental Science and of Geobiology Engineering David W.C. MacMillan, Earle C. Anthony Professor of Chemistry R. Preston McAfee, J. Stanley Johnson Professor of Business

Wolf Foundation, 2004 WOLF PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY: Economics and Management Michael Ortiz, Dotty and Dick Hayman Professor of Aeronautics Harry B. Gray, Arnold O. Beckman Professor of Chemistry and Mechanical Engineering Thomas G. Phillips, Altair Professor of Physics Hugh David Politzer, Richard Chace Tolman Professor of CORPORATE AWARDS Theoretical Physics Stephen R. Quake, Thomas E. and Doris Everhart Professor of Publishers Marketing Association, 2004 BENJAMIN FRANKLIN Applied Physics and Physics AWARD: Douglas C. Rees, Roscoe Gilkey Dickinson Professor of Chemistry Kenneth G. Libbrecht, Professor of and Executive Officer for Ares J. Rosakis, Theodore von Kármán Professor of Aeronautics Physics and Mechanical Engineering Anneila I. Sargent, Benjamin M. Rosen Professor of Astronomy Charles C. Steidel, Lee A. DuBridge Professor of Astronomy UNIVERSITY HONORS Paul W. Sternberg, Thomas Hunt Morgan Professor of Biology Paul O. Wennberg, R. Stanton Avery Professor of Atmospheric Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MCGOVERN Chemistry and Environmental Science and Engineering INSTITUTE, EDWARD M. SCOLNICK PRIZE IN NEUROSCIENCE:

Mark Konishi, Bing Professor of Behavioral Biology Associated Students of the California Institute of Technology (ASCIT), 2004 TEACHING AWARDS:

Phi Beta Kappa, 2004–05 VISITING SCHOLAR: Colin F. Camerer, Rea A. and Lela G. Axline Professor of Elliot M. Meyerowitz, George W. Beadle Professor of Biology Business Economics and Chair of the Division of Biology K. Mani Chandy, Simon Ramo Professor and Professor of Computer Science Alan Hájek, University of Michigan, WILLIAM GOULD DOW DISTINGUISHED Associate Professor of Philosophy LECTURER: Kayoko Hirata, Lecturer in Japanese Feng-Ying Ming, Lecturer in Chinese Charles Elachi, Vice President; Director, Jet Propulsion Laboratory; and Professor of Electrical Engineering and Planetary Science TEACHING ASSISTANT AWARDS: Dave Goulet, University of Toronto, 2003–04 A. R. GORDON DISTINGUISHED Graduate Student in Applied and Computational LECTURER IN CHEMISTRY: Mathematics Mihai Stoiciu, Graduate Student in Mathematics Michael R. Hoffmann, James Irvine Professor of Environmental Victor Tsai, Undergraduate Student in Planetary Science Science and Dean of Graduate Studies Graduate Student Council, 2004 TEACHING AWARD: NATIONAL PHYSICAL SCIENCE CONSORTIUM FELLOWSHIPS: Wilhelm Schlag, Professor of Mathematics graduate students: TEACHING ASSISTANT AWARD: Julie Casperson Francesco Ciucci, Graduate Student in Mechanical Engineering Sandra Lee Christine Richardson MENTORING AWARD:

Kip S. Thorne, Richard P. Feynman Professor of Theoretical Physics NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION FELLOWSHIPS: Peter Freddolino Richard P. Feynman Prize for Excellence in Teaching, Po-Shen Loh RECIPIENT: Nicholas Piro George R. Rossman, Professor of Mineralogy and Divisional graduate students: Academic Officer for Geological and Planetary Sciences Orion Crisafulli Jennifer Dionne Melissa Griggs STUDENT AWARDS Alan Kwan (members of the class of 2004, Crystal Shih unless otherwise noted) alumni: AMASA BISHOP FELLOWSHIPS: Deanna Carrick Alice Lin (class of 2005) Dirk Englund Marin Markov (class of 2005) Sang Lee Jia Mao CHURCHILL SCHOLARSHIP: Florian Merkel Po-Shen Loh Isaac Miller Miles Shuman FULBRIGHT FELLOWSHIPS: Victoria Sturgeon Rachel Medwood Suzana Sburlan PAUL AND DAISY SOROS FELLOWSHIP: Lizhou “Lisa” Wang HERTZ FELLOWSHIP: Po-Shen Loh STRAUSS SCHOLARSHIP: Andrea Vasconcellos (class of 2005) NATIONAL DEFENSE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING FELLOWSHIPS: THOMAS J. WATSON FELLOWSHIP: Megan Guichard Iram Bilal Paul Hand Joseph Jewell Eric Lin alumni: Diane Bairstow Dirk Englund Joseph Koo Elaine Ou Robb Rutledge

24/25 California Institute of Technology

BOARD OF TRUSTEES John W. Mack (as of January 2005) President, Los Angeles Urban League Shirley M. Malcom Director, Education and Human Resources Programs, American Association for the Advancement of Science Officers of the Board Clara S. Miller Kent Kresa, Chair Principal, Regulus International Capital Corporation Walter L. Weisman, Vice Chair Peter W. Mullin David Baltimore, President Chairman, Mullin Consulting, Inc. Philip M. Neal Trustees Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Avery Dennison Corporation Philip M. Neches* George L. Argyros Consultant and Entrepreneur Chairman and CEO, Arnel and Affiliates Patrick H. Nettles, Jr. David Baltimore Executive Chairman, Ciena Corporation President, California Institute of Technology Ronald L. Olson* G. Patricia Beckman Senior Partner, Munger, Tolles & Olson Community Leader Stephen R. Onderdonk* Gordon M. Binder President and Chief Executive Officer (Retired), Econolite Control Managing Director Products, Inc. Coastview Capital John P. Puerner Paul A. Brest Publisher, President, and Chief Executive Officer, Los Angeles Times President, The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation Sally Kristen Ride Eli Broad President, Imaginary Lines, Inc. Chairman, AIG SunAmerica Inc. Ingrid and Joseph Hibben Professor of Physics, University of California, William H. Davidow San Diego Founding Partner, Mohr, Davidow Ventures Benjamin M. Rosen, Chairman Emeritus* John D. Diekman Chairman Emeritus, Compaq Computer Corporation Founder and Managing Partner, 5 AM Ventures Stephen A. Ross Lounette M. Dyer Co-Chairman, Roll and Ross Asset Management Corporation Franco Modigliani Professor of Finance and Economics, Massachusetts Arthur L. Goldstein Institute of Technology Chairman and CEO (Retired), Ionics, Incorporated Marc I. Stern William T. Gross President, TCW, Inc. Chairman and Founder, idealab! Charles R. Trimble David D. Ho Co-Founder, Trimble Navigation, Ltd. Director, The Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center Lewis W. van Amerongen Louise Kirkbride* LvA Enterprises, Inc. Kent Kresa Walter L. Weisman* Chairman Emeritus, Northrop Grumman Corporation Former Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, American Medical Edward M. Lambert International, Inc. Management Consultant Virginia V. Weldon David Li Lee Senior Vice President for Public Policy (Retired), Monsanto Company Managing General Partner, Clarity Partners, L.P. Gayle E. Wilson York Liao Nonprofit Consultant Managing Director, Winbridge Company Ltd. Henry C. Yuen Alexander Lidow Chief Executive Officer, International Rectifier Corporation Ronald K. Linde* Independent Investor and Chairman of the Board, The Ronald and Maxine Linde Foundation

48/49 California Institute of Technology Senior Trustees Life Trustees

Victor K. Atkins* Robert Anderson President, Atkins Company Chairman Emeritus, Rockwell International Corporation Harold Brown, President Emeritus Robert O. Anderson Counselor, Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (Retired), Atlantic Richfield Walter Burke Company Treasurer, Sherman Fairchild Foundation, Inc. Stephen D. Bechtel, Jr. Jewel Plummer Cobb Chairman Emeritus and Director, Bechtel Group, Inc. President Emerita, California State University, Fullerton Benjamin F. Biaggini Harry M. Conger Chairman (Retired), Southern Pacific Company Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Emeritus, Homestake Mining Donald L. Bren Company Chairman of the Board, The Irvine Company Richard P. Cooley Charles C. Gates Retired Chairman, Seafirst Bank Chairman of the Board, Cody Resources LP Thomas E. Everhart William R. Gould President Emeritus, California Institute of Technology Chairman Emeritus, Southern California Edison Company Camilla Chandler Frost Philip M. Hawley Trustee of the Chandler Trust President, P. M. Hawley, Inc. and a Director and Secretary-Treasurer, Chandis Securities Company Robert S. McNamara Shirley M. Hufstedler President (Retired), The World Bank Senior Of Counsel, Morrison & Foerster Ruben F. Mettler, Chairman Emeritus Bobby R. Inman Retired Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, TRW Inc. Professor, Lyndon B. Johnson Centennial Chair in National Policy, Simon Ramo LBJ School of Public Affairs, The University of Texas at Austin Co-Founder and Director Emeritus, TRW Inc. William F. Kieschnick Arthur Rock President and Chief Executive Officer (Retired), Atlantic Richfield Principal, Arthur Rock and Company Company Robert J. Schultz Gordon E. Moore, Chairman Emeritus Vice Chairman (Retired), General Motors Corporation Chairman Emeritus, Intel Corporation Mary L. Scranton Sidney R. Petersen* Nonprofit Consultant Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (Retired), Getty Oil Company Dennis Stanfill Stanley R. Rawn, Jr. Private Investor Private Investor Charles H. Townes Richard M. Rosenberg Nobel Laureate and Professor in the Graduate School, Department of Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (Retired), Bank of America Physics, University of California, Berkeley Corporation Harry Wetzel Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (Retired), The Garrett Corporation Albert D. Wheelon

* Members of the Board of Trustees Audit Committee. Ronald K. Linde is chair; David Baltimore, Charles Elachi, Arthur J. Elbert, Paul C. Jennings, Dale M. Johnson, D. Richard Moyer, Sharon E. Patterson, and Harry M. Yohalem are standing attendees. Institute Administrative Council (as of December 2004)

David Baltimore President Hall Daily Assistant Vice President for Government and Community Relations Gary Dicovitsky Vice President for Development and Alumni Relations Charles Elachi Vice President; Director, JPL Arthur J. Elbert Acting Vice President for Business and Finance Sandra Ell Treasurer and Chief Investment Officer Jean E. Ensminger Chair, Division of the Humanities and Social Sciences Kenneth A. Farley Chair, Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences David L. Goodstein Vice Provost David Goodwin Chair of the Faculty Paul C. Jennings Provost Margo Post Marshak Vice President for Student Affairs Elliot M. Meyerowitz Chair, Division of Biology Richard M. Murray Chair, Division of Engineering and Applied Science Robert L. O’Rourke Vice President for Public Relations Thomas W. Schmitt Associate Vice President for Human Resources David A. Tirrell Chair, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Thomas A. Tombrello Chair, Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy Mary L. Webster Executive Assistant to the President and Secretary, Board of Trustees Harry M. Yohalem General Counsel

50/51 California Institute of Technology The mission of the California Institute of Technology is to expand human knowledge and benefit society through research integrated with education. We investigate the most challenging, fundamental problems in science and technology in a singularly collegial, interdisciplinary atmosphere, while educating outstanding students to become creative members of society.

Annual Report 2003–2004 ©California Institute of Technology Produced by the Office of Public Relations

Writer/Editor: Barbara DiPalma Contributors: Michael Farquhar, Elena Rudnev Design: Denton Design Associates

PHOTO AND IMAGE CREDITS: covers diagrams and titles of some of the 141 U.S. patents Caltech registered in 2003 page 10 mosaic of 10 GALEX images of the Andromeda galaxy. http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/ page 14 02.09.04—http://www.chic.caltech.edu/ 02.15.04—http://www.astro.caltech.edu/~kneib/z7/ page 15 03.15.04—http://www.gps.caltech.edu/~mbrown/sedna/ page 17 05.27.04—Earthshine Project, http://www.bbso.njit.edu page 18 07.21.04—http://www.gps.caltech.edu/~sieh/home.html 08.22.04— http://www.gps.caltech.edu/labs/newmanlab/ page 20 http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/ page 26 Andreas Koch & Laurent Larsonneur, Digital Studio France Neurogenin Patent #6,552,729 Automatic generation of animation of synthetic characters Patent #6,549,235 Single substrate camera device with CMOS image sensor Patent #6,546,148 Circuitry for determining median of image portions Patent #6,545,289 Wavelength-insensitive radiation coupling for multi-quantum well sensor based on intersubband absorption Patent #6,545,162 Method for the synthesis of pyrrole and imidazole carboxamides on a solid support Patent #6,545,048 Compositions and methods of treating cancer using compositions comprising an inhibitor or endothe- lin receptor activity Patent #6,544,738 Detectably and removably tagged nucleic acids Patent #6,542,662 Mode translat- ing waveguide adapter for a quasi-optic grid array Patent #6,593,110 Checkpoint-activating oligonucleotides Patent #6,593,065 Method of fabricating nanometer-scale flowchannels and trenches with self-aligned electrodes and the struc- tures formed by the same Patent #6,592,735 DNA sequencing machine with improved cooling characteristics Patent #6,592,689 Fractional variation to improve bulk metallic glass forming capability Patent #6,590,197 Fabricating a hybrid imaging device Patent #6,589,728 Methods for isolation and activation of, and control of differentiation from, stem and progenitor cells Patent #6,589,684 Direct methanol feed fuel cell and system Patent #6,587,180 Adjustable liquid crystal blazed grating deflector Patent #6,586,785 Aerosol silicon nanoparticles for use in semiconductor device fabrication Patent #6,586,207 Overexpression of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases for efficient production of engineered pro- teins containing amino acid analogues Patent #6,584,845 Inertial sensor and method of use Patent #6,583,881 Lithography using quantum entangled particles Patent #6,583,702 Quadrupole mass spectrometer driver with higher signal levels Patent #6,583,672 Method for controlling bias in an active grid array Patent #6,583,399 Optical resonator microsphere sensor with altering Q-factor Patent #6,582,208 Bladeless pump Patent #6,580,851 Resonator fiber bidi- rectional coupler Patent #6,580,532 Opto-electronic techniques for reducing phase noise in a carrier signal by carrier supression Patent #6,580,503 Particle sizing and concentration sensor using a hollow shaped beam Patent #6,580,337 MEMS switch Patent #6,580,089 Multi-quantum-well infrared sensor array in spatially-separated multi-band configura- tion Patent #6,579,683 Artery- and vein-specific proteins and uses therefor Patent #6,579,068 Method of manufacture of a suspended nitride membrane and a microperistaltic pump using the same Patent #6,578,966 Computer-based 3D visual field test system and analysis Patent #6,576,899 Direct detection of low-energy charged particles using metal oxide semiconductor circuitry Patent #6,576,113 Method of electroplating of high aspect ratio metal structures into semiconductors Patent #6,574,501 Assessing blood brain barrier dynamics or identifying or measuring selected sub- stances or toxins in a subject by analyzing Raman spectrum signals of selected regions in the eye Patent #6,573,897 Real-time, interactive animation of deformable two- and three-dimensional objects Patent #6,571,603 Method of resolving analytes in a fluid Patent #6,570,617 CMOS active pixel sensor type imaging system on a chip Patent #6,567,598 Titanium-indiffusion waveguides Patent #6,567,436 Opto-electronic oscillators having optical resonators Patent #6,567,157 Fast mixing condensation nucleus counter Patent #6,566,496 Neurogenin Patent #6,563,039 Thermoelectric unicouple used for power generation Patent #6,562,567 Method of detecting a nucleic acid Patent #6,560,030 Solid immersion lens structures and methods for producing solid immersion lens structures Patent #6,559,724 Techniques for enhancing gain in a quasi-optic grid array Patent #6,559,125 Polyamide-alkylator conjugates and related products and method Patent #6,555,842 Active pixel sensor with intra-pixel charge transfer Patent #6,555,692 Preparation and use of bifunc- tional molecules having DNA sequence binding specificity Patent #6,555,337 Neurogenin Patent #6,552,729 Automatic generation of animation of synthetic characters Patent #6,549,235 Single substrate camera device with CMOS image sen- sor Patent #6,546,148 Circuitry for determining median of image portions Patent #6,545,289 Wavelength-insensitive radiation coupling for multi-quantum well sensor based on intersubband absorption Patent #6,545,162 Method for the synthesis of pyrrole and imidazole carboxamides on a solid support Patent #6,545,048 Compositions and methods of treating cancer using compositions comprising an inhibitor or endothelin receptor activity Patent #6,544,738 Detectably and removably tagged nucleic acids Patent #6,542,662 Mode translating waveguide adapter for a quasi-optic grid array Patent #6,540,895 Microfabricated cell sorter for chemical and biological materials Patent #6,539,801 Z-axis vibratory gyroscope Patent #6,538,793 Electronically tunable and modulatable quasi-optic grid oscillator Patent #6,537,498 Colloidal particles used in sensing arrays Patent #6,536,213 Micromachined parylene membrane valve and pump Patent #6,535,328 Methods and devices based on brillouin selective sideband amplification Patent #6,534,798 Surface plasmon enhanced light emitting diode and method of operation for the same Patent #6,534,295 Cell lysis device Patent #6,533,919 Hydrogen generation by electrolysis of aqueous organic solutions Patent #6,529,614 Advanced miniature processing handware for ATR applications Patent #6,529,277 Optical devices based on resonant configurational effects Patent #6,529,272 Techniques for characterizing cloud condensation nuclel Patent #6,529,085 Tunable, distributed, volt- age-controlled oscillator Patent #6,528,266 Nucleic acid mediated electron transfer Patent #6,526,823 Microelectromechanical system sensor assembly Patent # #6,525,824 Dual beam optical interferometer Patent #6,524,837 Hydantoinase variants with improved properties and their use for the production of amino acids Patent #6,522,402 Apparatus and method for analyzing microscopic samples based on optical parametric oscillation Patent #6,521,967 Three color quantum well infrared photodetector focal plane array Patent #6,521,898 High-efficiency elec- tron ionizer for a mass spectrometer array Patent #6,521,541 Surface preparation of substances for continuous convec- tive assembly of fine particles Patent #6,521,451 Sealed culture chamber Patent #6,521,209 Bifunctional detection agents Patent #6,521,206 Molecular sieve CIT-6 Patent #6,520,753 Planar micropump Patent #6,519,371 High-speed on-chip windowed centroiding using photodiode-based CMOS imager Patent #6,518,765 Multi-sensor electrometer Patent #6,518,078 Articles useful as optical waveguides and method for manufacturing same Patent #6,516,604 Micro- colloid thruster system Patent #6,515,702 Active pixel image sensor with a winner-take-all mode of operation Patent #6,515,292 High resolution electron projection Patent #6,515,084 High metathesis activity ruthenium and osmium metal carbene complexes Patent #6,513,389 Technique for determining curvatures of embedded line features on sub- strates Patent #6,512,844 3D rendering Patent #6,511,859 IC-compatible parylene MEMS technology and its application in integrated sensors Patent #6,509,866 Fast chirp transform Patent #6,509,323 Linear cyclodextrin copolymers Patent #6,508,988 Combinatorial synthesis system Patent #6,506,906 Preparation and use of bifunctional molecules having DNA sequence binding specificity Patent #6,506,025 Bladeless pump Patent #6,504,041 Synthesis of ruthenium California Institute of Technology

California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California 91105 Annual Report 2003–2004 Annual Report