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Population Ecology of the Indian Torrent Catfish, Amblyceps Mangois (Hamilton - Buchanan) from Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India

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Population Ecology of the Indian Torrent Catfish, Amblyceps Mangois (Hamilton - Buchanan) from Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India VolumeInternational II Number Journal 2 2011 for [23-28] Environmen tal Rehabilitation and Conservation Volume[ISSN 0975 II No. - 6272] 2 2011 [23 - 28] Krishan, et[ISSN al. 0975 - 6272] Population ecology of the Indian torrent catfish, Amblyceps mangois (Hamilton - buchanan) from Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India Ram Krishan 1, A. K. Dobriyal 2, K.L.Bisht3, R.Kumar4 and P. Bahuguna4 Received: May 12, 2011 ⏐ Accepted: August 16, 2011 ⏐ Online: December 27, 2011 It clearly indicates that the low size of male Abstract population may lead into low fertility of the The paper deals with population study of species and hence it should be taken care of Indian torrent catfish Amblyceps mangois during conservation efforts of the species. (Ham-Buch) from rivar Mandal in between Rathuadhab and Banjadevi (longitude Introduction 0 0 78 17’15”E - 78 55’20” E and latitude A large number of rivers, rivulets and streams 0 0 0 29 45 N-29 55’40”N) during January, 2008 form a vast network in the central himalayan to December, 2010 in district Pauri Garhwal, mountains (Garhwal and Kumaun region; Uttarakhand. Sex ratio from a sample size of latitudes 2905’-31025’ N and longitudes 114 specimens was analysed moth wise and 77045’-810 E) and have a large number of also season wise to see whether there is any indigenous fish species. About 65 species of disturbance in population or not for being a fish have been reported from Garhwal region factor of its low population. The significance (Singh et.al., 1987). Major rivers of Garhwal was tested by Chi-square test. It was observed are the Alaknanda, Mandakini, Bhagirathi, that during breeding season (Monsoon Asiganga, Bhilangana, Ganga, Nayar (Eastern months), the sex ratio differed significantly and Western Nayar), Song, Suswa, Khoh, being 1 male: 3.17 female (χ²0.01 = 6.67). Mandal and the Pinder, etc. All these rivers Keywords: Amblyceps mangois ⏐ Habitat and most of fish inhabiting these streams are ecology ⏐ Population structure ⏐ River Mandal ⏐ biologically investigated by earlier workers Sex Ratio (Badola and Singh, 1980; Nautiyal, 1982; For correspondence: Dobriyal and Singh, 1987, 90, 93; Dobriyal et al., 2000, 2004; and Bahuguna, 2008). 1 Department of Zoology, Government S P College, Srinagar (J & K) 2 *Department of Zoology, H N B Garhwal, Central University Amblyceps mangois (Ham-Buch), is a torrent Campus, Pauri Garhwal-246001, Uttarakhand. India hillstream catfish whose population structure 3Department of Zoology, P.D.B.H. Government P.G. College Kotdwara Garhwal, India and bio-ecology has not been studied so far. 4. Department of Zoology, LMS Government PG College, Pithoragarh, Thus to fill up the lacuna in literature and to generate basic data for the eco-conservation Population ecology of the Indian torrent catfish, Amblyceps Mangois (hamilton- buchanan) from Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India 23 Volume II Number 2 2011 [23-28] [ISSN 0975 - 6272] Krishan, et al. of this minor species, it is decided to work out Certain important ecological parameters were the conservation biology of this interesting analysed by following standard methods fish species. (Welch, 1948). Sex composition study shows the abundance of any sex at a particular time or season. It Results and Discussion emphasizes on whether the population is in Amblyceps mangois (Fig. 2) has been reported natural ratio or not. The nature allows a sex- from foothills of Garhwal Himalaya, Kangra ratio of 1:1 between males and females. It is valley in Himachal Pradesh and Assam in considered as healthy population. However, India and also from Bangladesh, Burma, sometime this ratio differs greatly, which Thialand and Pakistan. Body is elongated. points towards some disturbance in Head is small and broad, depressed and population. Under those circumstances the covered with thick skin. Mouth is wide with reasons thereof should be traced out. Some four pairs of barbels. Nostrils are close important contributions in this area of together and separated by the nasal barbel. research in fishes during recent years have Dorsal spine is weak and concealed. Caudal been made by Dobriyal et.al.(2000), Jameela fin is truncate and emarginated. Colour of Beevi and Ramachandran (2005), Panwar and body is olive brown often with a dark lateral Mani (2006) and Bahuguna et.al (2010). band. The fish is least populous in the hill-streams Materials and Methods of Garhwal Himalaya except the river Mandal The fish was monthly collected from river which is in the foothill of Uttarakhnad with Mandal in between Rathuadhab and pebbly bottom and slow flowing water. Banjadevi (longitude 78017’15”E-78055’20” Collected specimens were in a size range of E and latitude 290450N-29055’40”N) during 4.5 to 8.5 cm. However a maximum size of January, 2008 to December, 2010 in district 12.5 cm is reported by Talwar and Jhingran Pauri Garhwal (Fig 1) with the help of small (1991). net made of bolting silk cloth and preserved on the spot after recording basic Taxonomic details of Amblyceps mangois: morphometric data from January, 2008 to (After Talwar and Jhingran, 1991) Genus December 2010. Sex ration from a sample Pimelodus mangois Hamilton- Buchanan, size of 114 specimens was analysed moth 1822, Fishes of Ganges: 199, 379 (Type wise and also season wise to see whether locality: Northen Bihar) there is any disturbance in population or not Genus Amblyceps Blyth (1858), Proceedings for being a factor of its low population. The of Asiatic Society, Bengal, 27: 282 significance was tested by Chi-square test as (Type species- Amblyceps caecutiens Blyth). χ² = ∑ (O – E)2 / E, where O is the observed Species- Amblyceps mangois (Day, 1877) value and E is the expected value. Fishes of India: 490, pl 102, Fig 6 and pl 117, Population ecology of the Indian torrent catfish, Amblyceps Mangois (hamilton- buchanan) from Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India 24 Volume II Number 2 2011 [23-28] [ISSN 0975 - 6272] Krishan, et al. Habitat Ecology is highly significant (For pooled data of The abiotic dynamics of any aquatic body monsoon season- Ratio- 1 Male : 3.17 play most important role in its biological Female, Significant at 1 % level, χ²0.01 = 6.63; productivity and life support system. It fact it For monthly data of July- August- Ratio- 1 is most sensitive ecosystem than any other. It Male : 3- 3.14 Female, Significant at 5 % is the quality of physico- chemical parameters level, χ²0.05 = 3.84). It might be possible that that determines the density and diversity of due to low population of male fish the biota existing there. In fluvial system, the fertilization percentage is poor because velocity of water current, gradient at which normally in a successful fish species the the river is flowing, temperature, conductivity ration of male is more than female to get good of ions, hardness and alkalinity along with percentage fertility during breeding season. some important minerals are the important Secondly this is also possible that during detrimental. In the present communication monsoon there is a high velocity of water three selected parameters are discussed. The current due to flash flood after heavy rains. It river Mandal in general is slow flowing might have disturbed the breeding grounds as stream with pebbly bottom and moderately we observed the fish under the stones mostly rich in plankton and benthos. Temperature in side waters round the year. Nikolski (1980) (Fig. 3) varied from 15- 270C from winter to has opined that difference in sex ratio may be summer. Dissolved oxygen (Fig.4) fluctuated caused by several ecological factors. In from 7- 10 mg.-l and pH ranged in between another study we have also observed that 7.1-8.2. It showed the clarity of water round Amblyceps mangois is a low fecund fish the year except monsoon. The rich plankton (Maximum absolute fecundity being about and benthic fauna and suitable substratum 650). heterogeneity supported diverse fauna which Enough literature is available on the included some least populous species like that population study of fishes. The nature allows of Amblyceps mangois. a healthy population a ratio of 1:1. Sobhana and Nair (1976) observed the sex ratio of 1 Population structure Male: 1.4 Female in Puntius sarana. The sex– A collection of 114 specimens in a span of composition in Glyptothorax telchitta and three years is explanatory in itself regarding Garra lamta was 1:1.052 and 1:1.18 (Male: size of population in the stream. However, it Female) respectively in Khoh river as is noticeable that this species do not have this reported by Rautela (1999). Dobriyal et al size of population in any other stream of (2004) reported a sex ratio of 1 male: 1.028 Garhwal Himalaya. On the basis of present female in Crossocheilus latius latius from the study we have tried to analyse the reason of river Mandakini. In Puntius vittatus, Jameela its thin population and the only conclusion Beevi and Ramachandran (2005) observed a available as per data recorded is that during ratio of 1: 2. In Botia dayi Hora, the sex– its breeding season the difference in sex ratio composition was recorded as 1:1.04 (Male: Population ecology of the Indian torrent catfish, Amblyceps Mangois (hamilton- buchanan) from Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India 25 Volume II Number 2 2011 [23-28] [ISSN 0975 - 6272] Krishan, et al. Female) by Kumar et.al (2006) from Khoh conchonius (1 Male: 1.17 Female) which has river. Bahuguna et.al (2007) estimated that a very high population in Mandal river. the sex–ratio was quite natural in Puntius No. No. % % Ratio Total No. Months of of of of χ² Remark of fish M F Males
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