FYSE 131 Presidential Politics. Made. Here. Fall 2020
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The Road to Election and Initial Impact of FDR Kiana Frederick Leading up to the Election of 1932
The Road to Election and Initial Impact of FDR Kiana Frederick Leading Up to the Election of 1932 ● FDR’s main campaign strategy was to focus the public’s attention on Hoover’s inadequacies and the Nation’s troubles. ● His strategy allowed for him to put down Hoover while promising better days ahead if he was president. ● This promise was NOT backed up with any specific policies or programs that he would change or create. Lead up to the Election of 1932 ● Herbert Hoover was the president prior to the election of 1932 ● Prior to the election, five thousand banks had failed, and by the end of 1932, one third of the nation’s workforce was unemployed. ● Farm income had declined from 12 million dollars in 1929 to 5 million dollars by the end of 1932. ● Herbert Hoover’s popularity decreased significantly because of his inability to reverse the economic collapse. Map of the Election of 1932 The Election of 1932 ● Democrats had only elected one president since 1896 ● Franklin D. Roosevelt v.s Herbert Hoover ● FDR would be a shoo-in for the election ● FDR would promise a “New Deal” for the American people ● The election marked the end of the “Fourth Party System” and would commence the “Fifth Party System” Fourth Party System and Fifth Party System The Fourth party System marks the period in political history that was dominated by the republican party, also known as the “Progressive Era.” The Great Depression served as the springboard. The election in 1932 would be a realigning election giving way to the Fifth Party System. -
Political Parties in a Critical Era by John H. Aldrich
Political Parties in a Critical Era1 by John H. Aldrich Duke University Prepared for delivery at “The State of the Parties: 1996 and Beyond,” Bliss Institute Conference, University of Akron, October 9-10, 1997 Political Parties in a Critical Era 2 Democracy, we often forget, is a process, and thus is continually in the making. It is not, as we usually like to think of it, an outcome. The central questions to ask about this process concern, first, the relationship between the beliefs and actions of citizens and of those whom they choose to govern them. The second question concerns the consequences of elite actions, that is, the policies and other outputs of the political system. This relationship between the mass and elite evolves over time, and as a result so does the pattern of policy produced by the government. That evolution is, indeed, the consequence of democracy being a process and not an outcome. Richard Niemi and I (Aldrich and Niemi, 1990; 1996; Aldrich, 1995) proposed a slight generalization and redefinition of V.O. Key's concept of a critical election (1955). We also offered a method for demonstrating at least some of the features of what we called "critical eras" and the period of stability (perhaps even equilibrium) in between. In our view, the 1960s were a critical era, and the 1970s and 1980s were a period of stable alignment.2 We dubbed the stable era that of the "candidate-centered party system," due to the importance of candidates and their assessments in shaping citizens’ choices, of the individual impact of incumbency on elections, and of related aspects of candidate-centered elections that so mark this period. -
Introduction to American Government News the Logic of American Politics
News Jeb Bush wants to push back the retirement age for Social Security by as many as five years, The Hill reports. Said Bush: “I think it needs to be phased in over an extended period of time. We need to look over the horizon and begin to phase in, over an extended period of time, going from 65 to 68 or 70. And that, by itself, will help sustain the retirement system for anybody under the age of 40.” “At the same time, Bush said that he would be open to cutting back benefits for wealthy people and their beneficiaries, a reform proposal known as means testing.” “The Rand Paul pile-on session began a few hours before sunset Sunday evening,” Politico reports. “Behind closed doors in the Senate’s Strom Thurmond Room, Republican senators lashed out at the junior Kentucky Republican’s defiant stance to force the expiration of key sections of the PATRIOT Act, a law virtually all of them support. Indiana Sen. Dan Coats’ criticism was perhaps the most biting: He accused the senator of ‘lying’ about the matter in order to raise money for his presidential campaign, according to three people who attended the meeting.” “The message may have gotten through to Paul except for one thing: The libertarian-minded senator skipped the hour-long meeting. That only infuriated his colleagues more.” Introduction to American Government Income inequality, by many measures, is now greater than it has been since the 1920s. Linz and Stepan suggest that we need to look to comparative politics rather POLS 1101 than Americanist political science in order to understand the sources of American inequality. -
Voting Contagion
Voting Contagion Dan Braha1,2 and Marcus A.M. de Aguiar1,3 1 New England Complex Systems Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States, 2 University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dartmouth, MA, United States, 3 Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil Social influence plays an important role in human behavior and decisions. The sources of influence can be generally divided into external, which are independent of social context, or as originating from peers, such as family and friends. An important question is how to disentangle the social contagion by peers from external influences. While a variety of experimental and observational studies provided insight into this problem, identifying the extent of social contagion based on large-scale observational data with an unknown network structure remains largely unexplored. By bridging the gap between the large-scale complex systems perspective of collective human dynamics and the detailed approach of the social sciences, we present a parsimonious model of social influence, and apply it to a central topic in political scienceelections and voting behavior. We provide an analytical expression of the county vote-share distribution in a two-party system, which is in excellent agreement with 92 years of observed U.S. presidential election data. Analyzing the social influence topography over this period reveals an abrupt transition in the patterns of social contagionfrom low to high levels of social contagion. The results from our analysis reveal robust differences among regions of the United States in terms of their social influence index. In particular, we identify two regions of ‘hot’ and ‘cold’ spots of social influence, each comprising states that are geographically close. -
Voting Contagion
Voting Contagion Dan Braha1,2 and Marcus A.M. de Aguiar1,3 1 New England Complex Systems Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States, 2 University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dartmouth, MA, United States, 3 Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil Social influence plays an important role in human behavior and decisions. The sources of influence can be generally divided into external, which are independent of social context, or as originating from peers, such as family and friends. An important question is how to disentangle the social contagion by peers from external influences. While a variety of experimental and observational studies provided insight into this problem, identifying the extent of social contagion based on large-scale observational data with an unknown network structure remains largely unexplored. By bridging the gap between the large-scale complex systems perspective of collective human dynamics and the detailed approach of the social sciences, we present a parsimonious model of social influence, and apply it to a central topic in political science elections and voting behavior. We provide an analytical expression of the county vote-share distribution in a two-party system, which is in excellent agreement with 92 years of observed U.S. presidential election data. Analyzing the social influence topography over this period reveals an abrupt transition in the patterns of social contagion from low to high levels of social contagion. The results from our analysis reveal robust differences among regions of the United States in terms of their social influence index. In particular, we identify two regions of ‘hot’ and ‘cold’ spots of social influence, each comprising states that are geographically close. -
Chapter 8 Political Party
Chapter Eight Political Parties 1 Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Learning Outcomes 2 8.1 Define the role political parties play in the U.S. political system. 8.2 Identify the three major components of the political party and describe how each contributes to overall party coherence. 8.3 Explain why political parties formed in the United States and evaluate how their strength and importance has changed over time. 8.4 Compare and contrast the demographics of people who identify as Democrats and Republicans; explain how party positions differ on economic and social issues. 8.5 Summarize the factors that reinforce a two-party system and explain why third parties are rarely successful at winning national elections. 8.6 Discuss the rise of political independents and evaluate how this change might impact American politics. Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. What Is a Political Party and What Do Parties Do? 3 o Getting Organized: The Three Components of a Party o Party-in-the-electorate o Party organization o Party in government Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. What Is a Political Party and What Do Parties Do? 4 © ZUMA Inc/Alamy ZUMA Press, © A California Tea Party supporter hold her sign at the annual tax day rally on April 15, 2012. Why does the Tea party claim that it is not a political party although it endorses candidates and works for their election? Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. What Is a Political Party and What Do Parties Do? 5 o Party Organization o The National Convention o Convention delegates o Party platform o National committee o The State Party Organization o Local Party Organizations Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. -
Americ an Democracy No W
A Truly-aligned AP® Edition for Today’s Advanced Placement® Students American Democracy Now engages students in American politics through relevant Harrison / Harris Deardorff content and a rich set of pedagogical tools. Chapter content addresses AP Learning Objectives to support the development of Enduring Understandings and offer comprehensive coverage of the Essential Knowledge statements. Big Ideas, Disciplinary AMERICAN Practices, and Reasoning Processes introduced at the unit level are revisited throughout the book to provide students with multiple application opportunities and support their success in the course and on the Exam. Accessible to students at all levels, the narrative is brought to life through compelling DEMOCRACY features and rich visuals and graphics. The “Then, Now, Next” framework helps students think critically about the American government of the past, present, and future. Discussions of the current political environment include the impact of the coronavirus pandemic, the BRIGID CALLAHAN HARRISON upsurge in social justice movements, the role of media in politics, and ideological debates NOW DEMOCRACY AMERICAN on topics including healthcare and election interference. NOW JEAN WAHL HARRIS 7 TH EDITION MICHELLE D. DEARDORFF Personalized, Adaptive Learning with SmartBook® SmartBook delivers instruction, remediation, and practice tailored to each student’s individual needs by pinpointing knowledge gaps and focusing on the concepts that require additional study. Teachers have access to flexible assignment tools to manage content down to the subtopic level and advanced reporting features to track individual and class Sample Chapter progress in real-time. Student Edition Mobile Ready: Assignments are accessible both online and offline with the ReadAnywhere app. Edition 7 mheonline.com/advancedplacement th 978-1-26-431913-8 MHID: 1-26-431913-4 99701 EAN AP®, Advanced Placement®, and Advanced Placement Program® are trademarks registered by the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, these products. -
An Examination of Voter Groups That Make up the Emerging Democratic Majority Thesis
University of New Orleans ScholarWorks@UNO University of New Orleans Theses and Dissertations Dissertations and Theses Fall 12-18-2015 An Examination of Voter Groups That Make Up the Emerging Democratic Majority Thesis Jason Waguespack [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td Part of the American Politics Commons Recommended Citation Waguespack, Jason, "An Examination of Voter Groups That Make Up the Emerging Democratic Majority Thesis" (2015). University of New Orleans Theses and Dissertations. 2117. https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2117 This Dissertation is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by ScholarWorks@UNO with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Dissertation in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Dissertation has been accepted for inclusion in University of New Orleans Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UNO. For more information, please contact [email protected]. An Examination of Voter Groups That Make Up the Emerging Democratic Majority Thesis A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the University of New Orleans in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Political Science by Jason Waguespack B.A.,University of New Orleans, 2003 M.A.,University of New Orleans, 2007 December, 2015 Copyright 2015, Jason Waguespack ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................................ -
Political Campaigns, Candidates & Discourse
Published & Distributed by Grey House Publishing For Immediate Release May 7, 2018 Contact: Jessica Moody, VP Marketing (800) 562-2139 x101 [email protected] Salem Press Announces the Newest Addition to the Popular Defining Documents series: Political Campaigns, Candidates & Debates (1787-2017) Defining Documents in American History: Political Campaigns, Candidates & Debates offers in-depth analysis of sixty-four speeches, letters, inaugural addresses, pamphlets, and debates. The set begins just as a new nation has been declared, in 1787, and continues through the 2017 election of the nation’s first openly transgender official. These documents provide a compelling view of what makes America’s political system so engaging and enduring: discussion, debate, and free, open elections leading to the order transfer of power. The documents prove that the system is not always polite, but it is always vibrant, as well as vital to a strong democratic government. The material is organized under seven historical groupings: The First and Second Party Systems, 1787-1854, beginning with James Madison’s Federalist Papers and George Washington’s inaugural address and concluding with the Kansas-Nebraska Act; The Third Party System, 1854-96 features Lincoln’s “House Divided” speech, hotly contest presidential campaigns such as Greeley versus Grant, and William Jennings Bryan’s fiery “Cross of Gold” speech; The Fourth Party System, 1896-1932 includes Teddy Roosevelt’s Progressive Party platform, Woodrow Wilson’s second inaugural speech, and the establishment of the country’s national anthem; The Fifth Party System, 1932-60 begins with a fireside chat from Franklin Delano Roosevelt and includes the ratification of the twenty-second amendment, and the famous Truman versus Dewey presidential campaign. -
1790-1824 First Party System
History of American Political History of American Parties Parties • Six “party systems” or historical eras • Changes in the nature of the two parties – Which voters support which party – What issues each party adopts • This change called a realignment 1848 Whig Party candidates Zachary Taylor & Millard Fillmore First Party System: First Party System: 1790-1824 1790-1824 Federalist Party Democratic-Republican Party • No parties in Constitution • Develop at elite level • Issues – National bank – Relations with France and England Alexander Hamilton Thomas Jefferson James Madison Strong national government Strong state governments 1 First Party System: Constituencies 1790-1824 • Develop inside Congress • Constituency – Loose coalition of supporters or opponents to – Limited electorate Hamilton versus Jefferson/Madison – Weakly organized • facilitates passage of legislation • Federalists: New England, English ancestry, – Coordination needed to win presidency commercial interests • Democratic-Republican: South and Mid-Atlantic, Irish/Scot/German ancestry, farmers and artisans, prosperity through western expansion First Party System: 1790-1824 All election maps from nationalatlas.gov • Electoral outcomes Source: http://nationalatlas.gov/elections/elect01.gif – 1796 John Adams (Federalist) • Thomas Jefferson, Vice President – 1800 tied vote and 12th Amendment – Democratic-Republican won next three • Madison, Monroe, John Quincy Adams 2 Second Party System: Federalists disappear by 1820 1828-1852 • Policy disputes within party • Old Democratic-Republican -
Political Parties
Political Parties AP Government What is a Political Party? • Organized group • Common interests Shape of Party Organizations • Every election district – Some kind of party unit • Each organization is unique to region – Politics and stances on issues • Political parties - permanent coalitions – Individuals with shared interests who support one another. Ideal Candidates • Unblemished record • Ability to raise enough money for serious run for office. – House seat – (Lotsa Money) several hundred thousand dollars. – Senate seat – (Lotsa and Lotsa Money) several million dollars. Nominating Candidates • Nomination – Process by which a party selects a candidate. – Nomination by Committee – Nomination by Convention – Nomination by Primary Election • Dominant method – Closed Primary – Open Primary – Blanket Primary Party Activists Drawn from the ranks of strong voters - contribute Time Energy Effort to party affairs (Ring doorbells, stuff envelopes, attend meetings, and contribute money to the party) Most Important functions of Political Party • Recruit candidates • Nominate candidates • Get out the vote • Influence & coordinate activities of the national government Electoral Politics Today • Recently, more focus on candidates. • Political parties today – Mainly composed of office seekers. Meaning of Party 8.1 Tasks of the Parties Parties, Voters, and Policy: The Downs Model Copyright © 2016, 2014, 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Tasks of the Parties 8.1 Parties pick candidates Parties run campaigns Parties give cues to voters Parties articulate policies Parties coordinate policymaking Copyright © 2016, 2014, 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Parties, Voters, and Policy: 8.1 The Downs Model Rational-choice theory Political scientist Anthony Downs’ model Most voters are moderate Center of political spectrum Parties seek voter loyalty Position themselves to left and right of center Copyright © 2016, 2014, 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. -
Overview U.S. Two-Party History
Modern American Party Systems: an Overview I. The terms “modern Political Party” and “Party System” are important for understanding the history of American party development and may be defined as follows: According to political scientists Donald Herzberg and Gerald Pomper, the modern Political Party is a competitive political organization that has two defining characteristics:1. its goal is to win public office and power and 2. its method is to to seek office and power peacefully and constitutionally through the ballot box. Other scholars assign additional characteristics to the definition of the American political party such as: durability, ideology, agenda, and a grass-roots organization. But the idea of a quest for office and power peacefully and constitutionally through the ballot box is most important. The term Party System as used by political scientists and historians signifies a durable arrangement of political competition in which political parties contest for votes and power and abide by the verdict of the voters in a regularized environment of alternating party primacy. Although historians and political scientists are not unanimous, probably most students of American political would agree that at least five, possibly six, party systems can be identified as having played major roles in American political history. 1 They are: 1. The Jeffersonian party system (1800-1820) 2. The Jacksonian party system (1828-1854) 3. The Civil War party system (1854-1896) 4. The Progressive Party system (1896-1928) 5. The New Deal Party system (1928-1980) 6. The Reagan party system (1980- ) ? Each of the above party systems developed when a new political party or parties organized in response to the pressure of a new or neglected problem, or when an existing party or parties adopted a new agenda in response the pressure of a new or neglected problem.