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_ Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies. M S _ C 6 _ When did it happen? Lesson 1 Ancient India 57 Where in world? the 4. How was society in ancient India India inancient society was How 4. influence Aryans the How did 3. Indus the of people the did How 2. and geography physical How did 1. GUIDING QUESTIONS waythe live? people geographyHow influence does ESSENTIAL QUESTION CLASS ______DATE______NAME ______L 3000 1 _ 1 3 4 0 organized? early India? cities? build valley River of civilization in India? development the influence climate 4 c. 2600 grow grow Mohenjo-Daro and ofHarappa Cities 7 . i n B d . d C

. 5 7 in History You Here Are B . Early Civilizations C . c. 1900 the Indus Valley Indus the leave Harappans 2000 B B . . C C 1000 . .

the Indus Valley Indus the Aryans come to c. 1500 guru castes ofother members with association may intheir take and they jobs inthe restricted are members caste raja Vedas Sanskrit languages language family Asia southern and Indian Ocean monsoon acontinent than smaller subcontinent Know to Terms an Indian prince B a teacher a teacher . an Indian social class whose whose class an Indian social ancient sacred writings of India C . the first written languageofIndia written first the seasonal wind, especially in the inthe wind, especially seasonal B . C a large landmass that is is that landmass a large .1 a group of similar ofsimilar agroup netw rks netw B . C .

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3 1 / 8 1 / 99/18/13 10:18 AM Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies. netw rks Check the Text the Check houses in Indus houses Indus in Valley cities. a earn people Valley living? the landform that landformthe that separates fromIndia the rest Asia. of in affect life winds India? List five features of of features five List most did How Indus In the text,In circle do monsoonHow Marking

Listing 3. A. B. C. D. E. Reading 4. 1. Reading 2. or . Cities and towns Continued C monsoons, monsoons, . B jewelry from shells, and gold ivory, • clay pots • clay cloth • cotton tools • metal • • toys . until 1900 1900 . until C . B

8 5

d d n i . 7 4 Early Civilizations, Civilizations, Early 0 4 3 1 _ 1 L _ 6 C _ subcontinent. S Farmers Grew City Dwellers Made M _ G S E The Indus Valley people leftThe Valley Indus no written records. Experts Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro were large cities with India’s climate, or usual weather, has or usual climate, weather, India’s The GangesRivers and Indus are northern in The India. R • cotton • rice • barley • wheat • peas _ N the city walls. Houses also had garbage chutes that led to to led that chutes garbage had also Houses walls. city the streets. the in bins was life what learn to cities the of left is what studied have there. Thelike been royal palace have and the temple may fortress. a inside together built populations of about 35,000 people each. Thepopulations of about cities 35,000 had large streets side unpaved with bricks paved and smaller, The mud. streets. of A fortress to protect built was made the people. Houses bricks oven-baked with built were houses had flat roofs, enclosed courtyards, and wells, bathrooms.indoor to pits Pipes took outside wastewater The Indus Valley Civilization Civilization Valley Indus The firstIndia’s civilization began the in River Indus valley where crops grew the in rich The civilization soil. Indus lasted from about 2600 were spread western over and Pakistan. India strong The dry winds. monsoon cold, winter in blows air from the mountains. The summer monsoon brings warm, from air wet the Arabian Summer Sea. monsoons bring the the comes the rain crops season. If time, berainy in will the rains are If good. then late, there be a drought, or may a long dry periodthat can ruin crops. Ganges runs southeast Ocean. The the Indian into Indus flows southwest the Arabian into Their Sea. comes water from The Deccan the melting in snow Himalaya. Plateau is farming. for The coastalsouth is dry of the It river valleys. and hilly. good is that land, flat or plains, have areas The Geography of India Geography The the of edge southern the on starts border northern India’s continent of Asia.a mountain is The system Himalaya which blocks off from India the rest of Asia.This makes a India NAME ______NAME ______DATE ______CLASS 58 T Ancient India Ancient 1 Lesson _ 0 6 0 - 7 5 0057-060_TN_RESG_MS_C6_L1_134047.indd 58 0057-060_TN_RESG_MS_C6_L1_134047.indd 59 5 7 - 0 6 0 _ T N _ R E S G

_ Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies. M S _ C 6 _ Ancient India 59 Lesson 1 AE______AE ______CLASS ______DATE______NAME ______L 1 _ 1 3 Reading Reading 7. Drawing 6. Listing 5. 8. 4 Identifying 0 4 7 . i Why did the Aryans Why Aryans did the What activities two were Aryans The How did the Aryans Aryans How did the n language? develop written valley? Indus River the moving into after stop Aryans did the alike? they were In whatwaypeople. groupsdifferent of settled insettled India? they after life way their change of d d Conclusions Check

5 9 Early Civilizations, were a group of people who spoke similar languages. This whospoke This similar languages. ofpeople agroup were They oratribe. notasingle race were Aryans The cattle. so they traveled around to find food for their herds of valley. river the settling began Aryans the called Soon,leave people cities. their Around 1900 Settlements MigrationsAryan and mountains. the through trip difficult madethe Sea. Others Arabian the sailedthe Mesopotamians. across Some traders with traded Indus Valley traded. be could merchants that called the books sacred in prayers and poems, stories, songs, down wrote also They information. andtrade down sales wrote languagecalled a written were nomads. When they became farmers, they developed pepper, ginger, andcinnamon. like spices grew they south, In the rice. grew farmers wheat, barley, valleys, In river grains. the andother India grew in north Farmers growing crops. for good valley River Ganges madethe This fields. tothe river the water from tobring anddugcanals India’scleared forests The Aryans began to make iron tools. With these, cattle. eating in from meat India people so stopped sacred, they became farmers. Over time, they decided that cattle were andhunters. riders horse andexpert warriors, good were language family The Aryans came from central Asia. They were nomads, were They Asia. central from came Aryans The Most people were farmers. City dwellers made goods The early Aryans did not write things down they when did notwrite Aryans early The living and nomads as stopped awhile, Aryans the After Continued Vedas. • lived in groups ruled by rajas ruled lived in groups • • • • farmers became nomads • B . C ., Indus Valley ofthe to people the began was called Indo-European. The Aryans Aryans The Indo-European. was called

developed languagedeveloped ofSanskrit tools iron made languages similar made up of groups who spoke Aryan Civilization Aryan Sanskrit. Using Sanskrit, they Using Sanskrit, netw rks netw 99/18/13 10:18AM / 1 8 / 1 3

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3 1 / 8 1 / 99/18/13 10:18 AM Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies. . Both and the Aryan . Label netw rks the Text the Text Check Venn diagram to diagram Venn the Checkcover for Understanding. Label the top tab Valley Indus Civilization tab bottom Civilization the center tab about remember On each civilization. the center list tab, between similarities the two civilizations. like in ancientlike India? the names of the four castes and the group not that was part caste the of system. Underline the types of people who belonged to each. Place a three-tab What was family life life family was What In the text,In circle

Marking 11. you what List 10. 9. Reading was or varna was the was raja, raja, varna Continued . The top or teacher. Older boys Older boys or teacher. varnas guru, 0 6

system. A person born was one into

d d n i . 7 4 Early Civilizations, Civilizations, Early 0 4 3 1 used mud bricks to make buildings make to bricks mud used used Sanskrit the language caste caste developed the caste system grew rice, wheat, and barley largebuilt cities streets with paved _ 1 L _ 5. 2. 3. 4. 1. 6 C _ S M _ G S Write whetherWrite each feature was from the Indus E Men had many moreMen rights had many Only men went than women. One group to be too part was low of the caste system— Grandparents, parents, and children together lived all The different many castes society Indian in were The Aryans groups, in each lived ruled a by R _ Check Understanding for civilization,Valley Aryan civilization, or both. N

with thewith oldest charge. man in This is called an extended, or enlarged, family. young, were they When priests. become could or school to some studied boys a with to schoolswent the in cities. Parents chose marriage partners for their children. Divorce not allowed. was the Untouchables. Untouchables work did considered too dirty for caste members, such as collecting trash. Most else. Untouchables thought Indians were unclean.As a result, everyone from apart live to made were Untouchables the Brahmins, who were priests. The next Kshatriyas, the warriors. They ran the and the government After the Kshatriyasarmy. or “common” came the Vaisyas, They were farmers,people.” craftspeople, and merchants. Then came the Sudras. workers They were and lower-class servants who had few rights. Most were Indians Sudras. became the the became The castecaste other. change and could to any never system had rules for almost every part including of life, marriage, work, and friendships. grouped four into classes called prince. Rajas often fought each with treasure other over and cattle. Society India Ancient They developed. groups social society, Aryan the In NAME ______NAME ______DATE ______CLASS 60 T Lesson 1 1 Lesson Ancient India Ancient Glue Foldable here Foldable Glue _ 0 6 0 - 7 5 0057-060_TN_RESG_MS_C6_L1_134047.indd 60 0061-064_TN_RESG_MS_C6_L2_134047.indd 61 6 1 - 0 6 4 _ T N _ R E S G

_ Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies. M S _ C 6 _ Lesson 2 Ancient India When did it happen? 61 3. What are the teachings of Jainism? of teachings the What are 3. many to appeal Why Buddhism did 2. of beliefs basic the What are 1. GUIDING QUESTIONS develop?How doreligions ESSENTIAL QUESTION CLASS ______DATE______NAME ______write a short description ordefinition. description ashort write Put a check mark ( mark acheck Put you know? do What L 3000 2 _ 1 3 4 0 people in various parts of Asia? of parts invarious people develop? Hinduism How did Hinduism? 4 7 . i n B d . d C

. 6 1 Untouchables Untouchables guru varnas Vedas the Sanskrit Religions of Ancient India ) next to each term that you know. For every word that you check, you that know. term you that word check, toeach Forevery ) next c. 1900 the Indus Valley Indus the leave Harappans 2000 B B . . C You Are Here inHistory You Here Are C 1000 . . The the Aryans by practiced first Hinduism Early c. 1500 nirvana nirvana from ending desire comes Gautama; peace inner mainbelief: Buddhism oflife lower form person's soul will be reborn into a higher or person's actions; it determines whether a karma insociety individual's place the dharma intoreborn many lives different reincarnation Hindus Brahman spirit universal of one part India; are ancient allsouls mainbelief: Hinduism Know to Terms and respect for alllivingthings for respect and being; nonviolence supreme itemphasizes Jainism givingupalldesires after achieved is B . C a good or bad force created by a created force bad or a good . a state of perfect happiness that that happiness ofperfect a state religion that does not believe ina believe not does that religion a person's personal duty, on based personal a person's the universal spirit worshiped by worshiped spirit universal the major religion that developed in developed that major religion religion founded by Siddhartha by Siddhartha founded religion B . C the idea that the soul is .1 c. 599 Jainism Jainism of founder Mahavira, of birth The B netw rks netw . C . c. 563 Buddhism of founder Gautama, Siddhartha of birth The B . B C . . C . 99/18/13 10:18AM / 1 8 / 1 3

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. A . If they they . If netw rks Check believe their soulsbelieve will eventually join Brahman? affect the way ancient lived Indians to day? day with words from words this with section. the soul goes through person born into is a the follow caste, they their of goodmake and the cycle starts again. How do Hindus do How Hinduism did How Fill the in blanks Hindus that believe Sequencing

Describing 2. Reading 3. 1. They They Continued . C . B Brahman. Follow dharma Follow Create good karma Do your duty to to duty your Do your caste or their a person personal If duty. 2 6

d d n i . 7 According if people do the to Hinduism, 4 Religions of Ancient India, India, Ancient of Religions 0 4 3 1 dharma, _ 2 L is one of the oldest It religions the world. in _ is the result a a person of how live you If lives. 6 C Be reborn into into reborn Be a better life/ a into Born caste _ S M _ G S E This belief in dharma and karma mean that people have have people that mean karma and dharma in belief This Karma Hindus believe that a person’s soul will eventually join join eventually will soul person’s a that believe Hindus Hindus believe in one great in Hindus believe spirit called R _ N he left the palace shocked and was to see that most people people himself He asked why suffered.were poor. reincarnation them gives their only hope. Rise of Buddhism Prince Siddhartha Gautama born was about 563 married, One and had a son. day Siddhartha wealthy, was eventually, you will reach Brahman. If you have bad reach karma, will you have you Brahman. If eventually, be reborn will you caste a lower into and or as an animal will remain in the cycle of reincarnation. theto obey rules of their caste because that is where they to stay their next until have The lifetime. idea of good life and do your duty, you have good karma and have you good duty, life and do your reincarnation. duties of their caste, get a better will they next They life. must follow good thenfollows dharma, karma. they have also believe that all living things and even the gods and even things also living are that all believe Brahman. of part living of idea The a soul must Brahman. Before that can however, happen, animal. an as some lives—even many live different in lives many is called forms, one after another, Origins of Hinduism Origins Hinduism other grew fromfrom the faith of the Aryans. Hinduism formed was ideas with combined religion Aryan the when Indian people. NAME ______NAME ______DATE ______CLASS 62 T Lesson 2 2 Lesson Ancient India Ancient _ 4 6 0 - 1 6 0061-064_TN_RESG_MS_C6_L2_134047.indd 62 0061-064_TN_RESG_MS_C6_L2_134047.indd 63 6 1 - 0 6 4 _ T N _ R E S G

_ Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies. M S _ C 6 _ Ancient India 63 Lesson 2 AE______AE ______CLASS ______DATE______NAME ______L 2 _ 1 3 7. 7. Contrasting 6. Defining 5. 4.

4 Identifying Identifying 0 4 7 . i What is the the What is Eightfold What isthe a How does Who was the n difference betweendifference Path? nirvana? to get Buddhist Buddhism? of founder Buddhism? Mahayana Buddhism and Theravada d d Explaining

6 3 Religions of Ancient India, taught that all people could reach nirvana. This made This nirvana. reach could all that people taught living. right for Path—the rules Buddhist Eightfold to follow the Buddha said that the only way things desiring to stop was nirvana fame, money, they would things. reach andworldly Then called are suffering and One.” life about “Enlightened means Hislessons him his discovery. Buddha, about the which called People “enlightenment.” called Finally, he came to understand the meaning atree. under meditated says Siddhartha that Legend of life. This is his family andlived alone. heleft To answers, for search Instead, they stay on Earth to help others reachwho nirvana. choose not to go to heaven even though theyhonor could. also isagod. Buddha Mahayana the says that Buddhists It also became popular in Indochina. andeast. south spread Buddhism but notagod. Theravada men.”wise It teacher, was Buddha agreat says the that Buddhism. Theravada was One groups. into split two They meant. really message whathis about notagree could hedied,When his disciples Untouchables. andthe lower amongthe popular castes very Buddhism The Buddha did not agree with the caste system. He system. caste with the did Buddha notagree The The Buddha taught that everyone should stop wanting people ofhis teaching life rest the spent Siddhartha The other kind of Buddhism isMahayana ofBuddhism kind Buddhism. It other The years. 40 than more for his ideas taught Buddha The 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1.

Know and understand the Four Noble Truths. FourNoble the andunderstand Know

Give up worldly things and do not harm others. Give things anddonotharm upworldly bodhisattvas control. Make sure your mind keeps your senses under Do rewarding work. rewarding Do badly of others. ofothers. badly Tell donotgossip, truth, the anddonotspeak Work for good and oppose evil. andoppose Work good for or living an unclean life. life. unclean an living or Do not Practice meditation to see the world in world anew the way. tosee meditation Practice , a feeling of perfect peace and happiness. The The andhappiness. peace ofperfect , afeeling commit Continued . Bodhisattvas are enlightened people people enlightened are . Bodhisattvas The Eightfold Path The Eightfold Buddhism Theravada evil acts, such as killing, stealing, . means “teachings of the ofthe “teachings means netw rks netw 99/18/13 10:19AM / 1 8 / 1 3

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3 1 / 8 1 / 99/18/13 10:19 AM Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies. , . Jainism Hinduism , Label the ? netw rks Check Check sentence about each religion based upon remember. what you Foldable along the cover to line dotted the Check for Understanding. Label the anchor tab did they How develop? three tabs Buddhism back the the On of tabs, write a ahimsa practiced and today in what forms? Place a three-tab What is the belief of of belief the is What Where is Buddhism

Reading 10. Reading 9. 8. 8.

Continued led the Ahimsa . lamas ahimsa Buddha was a god. Buddha was People who worship Buddha can go to heaven. . He and his followers. He and his used • • ahimsa BUDDHISM 4 6

d d n i . 7 4 Religions of Ancient India, India, Ancient of Religions 0 4 3 1 _ 2 L _ 6 Its main teacher was Mahavira. Mahavira’s title Mahavira’s teacher Its main Mahavira. was C _ S M _ teacher. Buddha a great was Jainism Hinduism Buddhism Theravada BuddhismTheravada Buddhism Mahayana G S List one important belief or practice of each each of practice or belief important one List • not a god. Buddha was • E Jainism has one main teaching: Never harm any living living harm Never any teaching: has one main Jainism man named the in an Indian earlyCenturies 1900s, later, Today, very few Buddhists live in India. Buddhism is is Buddhism India. in live Buddhists few very Today, In Tibet,In Buddhism with Hinduism and mixed Mahayana R _ 3. religion. 1. 2. Check Understanding for N

followed the example of of protesting. Through ways thenonviolent peaceful ways, nation of India gained its independence. creature. The teaching name of this is means that a person insects should even not kill or worms. to free from nation led his a movement Gandhi Mohandas the rule of the British. Instead Gandhi of using weapons, Another religion also came to India at this time. It is called called is It time. this at India to came also religion Another Jainism. that taught His followers are called Both or “the “thewas Conqueror.” Jina,” Buddhism. like is Jainism of Much Jains. people Their worldly should stop things. goal wanting was to stop the process of being reborn and reach nirvana. Tibet’s religions. Buddhist own leaders called Tibetansgovernment. lamas believed were reincarnations of the Buddha. widely practiced Southeast in Asia and East Asia. There are Buddhists million the in world today. about 376 Jainism NAME ______NAME ______DATE ______CLASS 64 T Lesson 2 2 Lesson Ancient India Ancient Glue Foldable here Foldable Glue _ 4 6 0 - 1 6 0061-064_TN_RESG_MS_C6_L2_134047.indd 64 0065-068_TN_RESG_MS_C6_L3_134047.indd 65 6 5 - 0 6 8 _ T N _ R E S G

_ Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies. M S _ C 6 _ Lesson 3 Ancient India 65 When did it happen? Buddhism Hinduism Sanskrit empire your using own term words. ofeach definition Write ashort What do you know? 3. What were the cultural contributions 2. become Empire Gupta Why the did the 1. affect religion did How GUIDING QUESTIONS unique?What aculture makes ESSENTIAL QUESTION CLASS ______DATE______NAME ______L 500 500 3 Buddhism of founder Gautama, Siddhartha of birth The c. 563 _ 1 3 4 0 of the Mauryan and Gupta Empires? Gupta and Mauryan the of powerful? Empire? Mauryan the of development 4 B 7 . . i n C d . d B

.

6 C 5 . Northern IndiaNorthern empire in upsets an and army strong a builds Maurya Gupta Chandra c. 321 The Mauryan Empire History inHere You Are 250 B . C . B . C . golden age a about brings Empire and Mauryan of the ruler becomes Ashoka c. 273 B . C . A . D . 1 poem; it is about the Hindu god Krishna god Hindu poem; the about itis Bhagavad Gita religious importance pilgrim Buddha the honor to meant stupa Know to Terms a special, dome-shaped building building dome-shaped a special, a person who travels to places of places to travels who a person A

. D part of a famous long . 250 netw rks netw by force by Empire Gupta the expands Gupta Samudra c. A . D . 330 A . D . 500 99/18/13 10:19AM / 1 8 / 1 3

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3 1 / 8 1 / 99/18/13 10:19 AM Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies. netw rks people, Chandra Gupta or Ashoka? Chandra Gupta and to do Ashoka increase communication in the empire? Write threeWrite things that Ashoka for did peoplehis after he became a Buddhist. his help to more What did both Fill the in blanks. Which leader did Identifying Comparing 3. 1. A. B. C. Comparing 2. . Around C . Continued B . He was a. He was C . B or Buddhist shrines. shrines. Buddhist or . to 232 . to 232 C such Hinduism as chose the to follow teachings of Buddha and spend life his making peace hospitalsBuilt for people and for animals roads new Built rest with houses and shade trees for travelers spread to teachers Sent India throughout Buddhism and Asia of other religions Tolerant Strong military leader who who leader military Strong . B • • • • • stupas, 6 Mauryan Kings Mauryan 6

d d n i . 7 4 The Mauryan Empire, Empire, Mauryan The 0 4 3 1 ., the Mauryan., dynasty began. A dynasty is a _ 3 C L . _ B 6 C _ S ., an Indian military an Indian ., leader named Chandra Gupta M C Chandra Gupta Ashoka _ . G B S E system to have fast fast have to system communications empire the throughout capital city of Pataliputra Used and spies army to suremake people loyal stayed Created a postal Took over almost over all of Took northern India Set up a well-organized the in government In 321 When there is a good road system and a strong ruler, Ashoka sent teachers to spread Buddhism throughout throughout Buddhism spread to teachers sent Ashoka Many historians think that the greatest the the of king that think historians Many R _ • • • • N Maurya built a strong army. He took over almostMaurya He took of all over a strong built army. northernIndia. became the center of a huge trade network. stretched It all to the Mediterraneanthe way Sea. India and Asia. He had workersIndia carve the Buddha’s tall stones. or large, teachings on pillars, He also had workers thousands build of most rulersUnlike Ashoka of the time, tolerant was of other religions such as Hinduism. very was good under Ashoka.trade India Trade is good. strong military leader who grew to hate war. After one one After war. hate to grew who leader military strong bloody fight, he decided the teachings of Buddha to follow and spend life his making peace. Origin of an Empire an of Origin kingdoms small the 500s by had many India 325 NAME ______NAME ______DATE ______CLASS Mauryan Empire grandson, Ashoka. Chandra was Gupta’s Ashoka ruled from about 273 group of rulers Chandra Gupta set from the same family. up a well-organized the government in capital city of keep control, Chandra Gupta alsoPataliputra. set To up a strong system army and a spy sure subjects his to make were loyal. 66 T Ancient India Ancient 3 Lesson _ 8 6 0 - 5 6 0065-068_TN_RESG_MS_C6_L3_134047.indd 66 0065-068_TN_RESG_MS_C6_L3_134047.indd 67 6 5 - 0 6 8 _ T N _ R E S G

_ Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies. M S _ C 6 _ Ancient India 67 Lesson 3 AE______AE ______CLASS ______DATE______NAME ______L 3 _ 1 3 6. Identifying 5. Reading 4.

4 Reading Reading 0 4 7 . i In what language How Gupta did the Ashoka What caused n poems written? epic Indian were routes?trade from profit Empire result? the violence? Whatwas to denounce d d Check Check

6 7 The Mauryan Empire, Gupta took over. took Gupta the new gained for lands Gupta Samudra Samudra his son Then, city, years. ten for Pataliputra, in dynasty Gupta the founded Gupta Chandra This Empire. Mauryan of the power. like Gupta, just Hisnamewas founder Chandra the to valley River rose other. Ganges the from aprince Then, each fought small kingdoms the years, 500 next For the The Gupta Empire into kingdoms. small warring split Empire Mauryan that, the After of his own generals. In 183rulers. these against turned people weak. grew The empire The paying without them. crops peasants’ the took They taxes. topay heavy merchants forced They leaders. not good and the and the the are poems epic famous most The wrong. and right about lessons important taught that poems long were These epic. was the text ofpopular kind Another down. Hindu written Vedas the were Aryans, the under developed Sanskrit After empires. andGupta Mauryan the under busy were andwriters scientists, builders, Artists, Culture in Ancient India rich. cities madethe travelers These places. popular tothese toget routes trade the places—used Hinduhonor the gods. to ofart works beautiful andcreated temples built fine andmadetravel easier. routes trade alongthe grew Cities empire. andthe themselves for wealth gained sell. They age. India agolden began andliterature. make art orgave apatron, Hebecame money,empire. to people for Ashoka died in 232 The Guptas practiced and supported Hinduism. They andsupported practiced Guptas The tobuyand routes oftrade anetwork used Merchants Ramayana • • 90,000 verses about contains • • Continued and follow his dharma his follow and hero learns that he should do his duty best-known section is the language in any poem the written longest B Epic Poem: The Epic Poem: . C ., the last Mauryan king was killed by one A . . D . 320. He ruled from the old capital . 320. oldcapital the from Heruled B Pilgrims . C . The kings whofollowed him kings were . The —people whotravel—people toholy Mahabharata Bhagavad Gita netw rks netw Mahabharata

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3 1 / 8 1 / 99/18/13 10:19 AM Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies. . On Gupta Both Mauryan and the . Label the netw rks Check empire. On the middle tab, write what they had in common. diagram Foldable along cover to line dotted the the Check for Understanding. Label the top tab Empire tab bottom Empire tab center the top and bottom tabs, list words or phrases that describe each make? organizer, list someorganizer, of the advances in mathematics, and science, medicine. did achievement Indian mathematicians Place Venn a 3-tab In the graphic In What lasting

Listing 9.

7. Reading 8. is the Continued Mahabharata . 1200s, these numerals. 1200s, had D . 8 A 6

d . 100s. The most. 100s. important in buildings d D n i . . . The The means name “Song of the Lord.” 7 A 4 The Mauryan Empire, Empire, Mauryan The 0 , were probably group sung in settings. 4 3 1 _ 3 L _ 6 C _ S M _ Samudra Gupta Chandra Gupta Maurya Ashoka G S List one accomplishment of each Indian leader. Indian each of accomplishment one List E Gupta doctors set broken bones and performed Indian scientistsIndian mapped the movements the of planets Early art that has survived is mostly religious art carved using by nothing to show Mathematicians a way invented Music important was the in religious and social of lives The best-known sectionThe best-known of the poem R Mathematics Science Medicine _ 3. Check Understanding for 1. 2. N

moved around Metalmoved the sun. workers used steel and iron weapons. tools and to make operations. medical such They tools, invented as scalpels, and used herbs to treat illnesses. A doctor named Shushruta performed even an early type of plastic surgery. the number The zero. number Indian symbols for 0 through Arab traders9 are the same adopted ones use we today. numerals”these and Europeans “Arabic later borrowed By aboutthem. the replaced numerals. Roman and stars. They knew that the Earth round was and that it in stone. Many sculptures stone.in Many are some of the carved Buddha, the as early as wereearly those India used for religious worship. hero in the poem learns that he should do his duty and and Gita Bhagavad duty his do should he that learns poem the in hero no matter dharma, follow his difficult how it is. poems,the ancient Religious such Indians. as the Gita Bhagavad NAME ______NAME ______DATE ______CLASS 68 T Lesson 3 3 Lesson Ancient India Ancient Glue Foldable here Foldable Glue _ 8 6 0 - 5 6 0065-068_TN_RESG_MS_C6_L3_134047.indd 68