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NAJBOLJI AMERIČKI TENISERI Završni Rad UNIVERZITET CRNE GORE FAKULTET ZA SPORT I FIZIČKO VASPITANJE Šutović Bojan NAJBOLJI AMERIČKI TENISERI Završni rad Nikšić, 2018. UNIVERSITY OF MONTENEGRO FACULTY OF SPORT AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION Šutović Bojan THE BEST AMERICAN TENNIS PLAYERS Final work Nikšić, 2018. ii UNIVERZITET CRNE GORE FAKULTET ZA SPORT I FIZIČKO VASPITANJE NAJBOLJI AMERIČKI TENISERI Završni rad Mentor:doc. dr. Bojanić Danilo Student: Šutović Bojan Studijski program: Sportsko novinarstvo Broj indeksa:1708/14 Članovi komisije: Datum prijave:_________ ____________________ Datum odbrane:________ ____________________ ____________________ Nikšić, 2018. iii Sažetak U ovom završnom radu, glavni predmet govorenja su najbolji američki teniseri, ali prije nego počnemo govoriti o samim teniserima, u ovom radu upoznaćemo se sa kratkom istorijom tenisa, nastankom igre, osnovnim pravilima, kao i udarcima koji se koriste u igri. Takođe, ukratko govorićemo i o četiri najznačajnija turnira u tenisu, Australian Open-u, Roland Garros-u, Wimbledon-u i US Open-u, tj. o takozvanim Grend Slemovima. Nakon toga, rad govori o, po mnogima četiri najveća tenisera Amerike ikada a i tenisa uopšte, Pit Samprasu, Andre Agasiju, Bil Tildenu i Džimi Konorsu. U radu se upoznajemo sa njihovim životom prije tenisa, potom karijerom, rekordima, međusobnim duelima i rivalstvu, koje su u tenis donijeli ovi nevjerovatni igrači koji i dalje važe za jedne od najvećih ikada. Ključne riječi: američki teniseri, istorijom tenisa, grend slemovima, karijerom, rekordima, rivalstvu iv Abstract In this final work the main subject of speech are the best American tennis players, but before we start talking about players themselves, we will become familiar with the brief history of tennis, how the game was founded, basic rules as well as the tennis shots used in the game. The paper will also come in touch with four most important tournaments in the game, Australian Open, Roland Garros, Wimbledon and US Open, which are also known as Grand Slams. Afterwards, the paper presents four not only American best players, but the best players ever in tennis, Pete Sampras, Andre Agassi, Bill Tilden and Jimmy Connors. We become familiar with their early life, before tennis, their career, records, head to head matches, rivalries, which were brought to tennis by these remarkable players, which are still considered to be some of the best players in history. Key words: American tennis players, history of tennis, grand slams, career, records, rivalries v Sadržaj 1. UVOD…………………………………………….………………………...1 2. ISTORIJA TENISA…………………………….………………………......2 2.1 Igra………………………………………….…………………………..3 2.2 Grand Slams……………………………….……………………..…......5 3. AMERIČKA TENISKA ASOCIJACIJA…….…………………………......7 4. PETE SAMPRAS…………………………….……………………….….....8 4.1 Djetinjstvo……………………………….………………………..….....8 4.2 Teniska karijera i stil igre……………………………………...………..8 4.3 Rekordi………………………………………………………………....13 5. ANDRE AGASSI…………………………………………………………..14 5.1 Rani život………………………………………………………..……..14 5.2 Stil igre……………………………………………………………...….14 5.3 Profesionalna karijera…………………………………………………..15 5.4 Rekordi………………………………………………………………....19 5.5 Rivalstvo sa Pit Samprasom…………………………………………....19 6. JIMMY CONNORS………………………...………………….……...........21 6.1 Ranije godine…………………………………………....……….……..21 6.2 Najbolje godine………………………………………………….……...21 6.3 Stil igre…………………………………………………………….…....23 6.4 Rekordi…………………………………………………………….…....24 7. BILL TILDEN……………………………..…………………………….….25 7.1 Amaterska karijera……………………………………………………....25 7.2 Profesionalna karijera……………………………………………....…...26 7.3 Statistika i rekordi…………………………………………………….…26 8. ZAKLJUČAK……………………………..…………………...…………....28 LITERATURA………………………………………………………….…………...29 SLIKE………………………………………………………………………………..30 BIOGRAFIJA………………………………………………………………………..31 vi 1. UVOD Tenis ili tzv. “bijeli sport” se igrao od davnina, još za vrijeme starih Grka i Rimljana i od svoje prve pojave pa do danas doživio je mnoge transformacije. Od sporta koji se samo igrao na dvorovima, koji su igrali kraljevi radi razonode, pa do olimpijskog sporta danas. Kroz istoriju, promijenjena su mnoga pravila sve u cilju usavršavanja igre. Danas, tenis je veoma popularna igra koje se prati u cijelom svijetu i to je sport koji bez prekida daje nove talente. Zbog same popularnosti sporta, raste i konkurencija kao i trud i ulaganje saveza mnogih država u svoje igrače, a samim tim, svi ulažu u tenis kao sport koji se prati na globalnom nivou. Jedna od država koja uvijek donosi kroz mnoge generacije nove, vrhunske tenisere jeste Amerika. U ovom radu, osim sa kratkom istorijom i osnovnim informacijama o tenisu o kojima ćemo govoriti u prvom poglavlju, u drugom poglavlju ćemo se upoznati sa nekim od najboljih američkih tenisera, samim tim i najboljih tenisera uopšte, koji su ikada igrali. U samom radu govorićemo o teniskim legendama poput: Pita Samprasa, Andre Agasija, Džimi Konorsa i Bil Tildena. Po mnogim stručnjacima ova četiri igrača predstavljaju ono najbolje što je Amerika ponudila „bijelom sportu“, ali osim njih postoje još mnogi teniski virtuozi o kojima zbog same dužine rada ne možemo govoriti, kao što su: Džon Mekinro, Džim Kurijer, Don Badž, Bil Džonston i drugi. 1 2. ISTORIJA TENISA Kao što navodi Heiner Gillimeister u svojoj knjizi „Tennis: A cultural history“, prije postanka današnjeg tenisa, postojala je igra koju su praktikovali stari Grci i Rimljani a koju su kasnije prihvatili i Francuzi. Tu igru su Francuzi nazivali Jeu de Paume (izgovor: “že de pom”) I to je preteča današnjeg tenisa. Mnogi stručnjaci smatraju da je ova igra nastala još za vrijeme Persije a i da se igrala kod Arapa. Tokom XIV vijeka igra je postala poznata pod nazivom la bud i postaje najbolji oblik zanimacije na kraljevskim dvorovima. Zbog toga se za tenis i kaže da je kraljevska igra, jer su francuski i engleski kraljevi pokazivali ogromno interesovanje za ovu igru. Tokom vremena tenis sve više dobija na značaju pa su kraljevske porodice organizovale neke vrste turnira koje bi igrali međusobno. U Francuskoj Henrik II se smatrao najboljim igračem tenisa, a koliko su tenis smatrali važnim dijelom života pokazuje činjenica da je Luj XIV ima stalno osoblje koje se brinulo o njegovim teniskim terenima. Engleski kralj Henri VIII, 1529. godine gradi svoj teniski teren u Hampton Kortu na kojem se tenis i danas igra. Termin tenis se prvi put javlja negdje oko 1400-te godine. Sami termin tenis potiče od francuskog glagola tenir što znači držite. Mnogi teniski istoričari smatraju da su pravi počeci modernog tenisa smješteni u periodu između 1859. i 1865. godine kada su Hari Džem i Augurio Perera izumili novi oblik tenisa koji je umnogome podsjećao na badminton. Ali sa sigurnošću se može tvrditi da svoj današnji oblik tenis dobija početkom XIX vijeka u Velikoj Britaniji kada je nosio naziv lawn tennis, odnosno tenis na travnjaku. Ubrzo je stekao veliku popularnost, ne samo u Velikoj Britaniji, nego i u cijelom svijetu. Vremenom tenis je postao olimpijski sport, a pravila koja su određena još u XIX vijeku nijesu značajnije mijenjana. Jedine veće promjene su se desile nakon 1970. godine, kada je uvedeno pravilo tie-breaker, za određivanje pobjednika seta, kao i hawk-eye system, odnosno mogućnost igrača da provjere prethodnu odluku sudije. Takođe 1968. godine desila se promjena, nazvana Otvorena era (Open era), tj. Grend slem turniri su omogućili profesionalnim igračima da se takmiče sa amaterima. Do tada, samo amateri su se mogli takmičiti, ne samo na grend slem turnirima, već i mnogim drugim. 2 U tenisu postoje četiri najznačajnija turnira, koji su poznati pod nazivom Grand Slam turniri koji čine četiri otvorena prvenstva: Australian Open, Roland Garros, Wimbledon, US Open i predstavljaju sami vrh tenisa. 2.1 Igra Osnova za igranje tenisa, jeste oprema. Opremu čine reketi, lopta, mreža koja teren dijeli na dvije jednake polovine. Reketi su se nekada pravili od drveta, ali zbog lake lomljivosti su izbačeni iz upotrebe, pa se danas prave od aluminijuma. Lopta se pravi od specijalnih materijala, gdje većinu lopte čini posebno obrađena guma, a površina same loptice je napravljena od posebnih vunenih vlakana, tzv. filca. Tenis se može igrati u singlu ili dublu. Single oznčava igru između dvije osobe, dok double označava igru između dva para. Tenis se igra na pravougaonoj površini, na travi, šljaci ili betonu. Takođe prilikom ocrtavanja terena, postoje određene dimenzije koje se moraju poštovati, pa je teren 23,77 m dugačak, 8,23 m širok kada se igra singl, a 10,97 m širok kada se igra dubl. Dodatni prostor je potreban kako bi igrači mogli da stignu „duge lopte“. Mreža je razapeta celom širinom terena, postavljena je paralelno sa osnovnom linijom. Mreža je 1,07 m visoka kod stubića koji je drže, a 914 mm visoka na centru terena. Kao što sam već rekao, postoje tri vrste podloge terena, zemljani teren, travnati i tereni sa tvrdom podlogom. Sama podloga određuje odskok i brzinu kretanja lopte pa samim tim utiče i na igru igrača. Neki igrači bolje igraju na bržim podlogama dok drugi bolje igraju na sporijim. Šljaka, odnosno zemljani tereni se smatraju sporom podlogom, dok trava sa druge strane se smatra najbržom podlogom. U tenisu postoje i različiti udarci. Glavni udarci, ako ih možemo tako nazvati, koji koriste igrači su: servis, forehand, backhand i drop shot. Osim ovih udaraca postoje i drugi udarci kao što su: return, smash, passing shot, lob, stopball, volley, topspin, slice, cross, longline, ace. 3 - Servis je udarac kojim igrač započinje poen. Igrač stoji ispred osnovne linije, baca loptu uvis i u silaznoj putanji
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