Yale Department of Physics Newsletter
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
First Science Results from the LUX Dark Matter Experiment
First Science Results from the LUX Dark Matter Experiment Daniel McKinsey, LUX Co-Spokesperson, Yale University Richard Gaitskell, LUX Co-Spokesperson, Brown University on behalf of the LUX Collaboration http://luxdarkmatter.org Sanford Underground Research Facility OctoberS 30, 2013 LUX Dark Matter Experiment / Sanford Lab Rick Gaitskell (Brown) / Dan McKinsey (Yale) 1 Composition of the Universe The Higgs particle has been discovered, the last piece of the Standard Model. But as successful as it has been, the Standard Model describes only 5% of the universe. The remaining 95% is in the form of dark energy and dark matter, whose fundamental nature is almost completely unknown. Image: X-ray: NASA/CXC/CfA/M.Markevitch et al.; www.quantumdiaries.org Optical: NASA/STScI; Magellan/U.Arizona/D.Clowe et al.; Lensing Map: NASA/STScI; ESO WFI; Magellan/U.Arizona/D.Clowe et al. LUX Dark Matter Experiment / Sanford Lab 2 Rick Gaitskell (Brown) / Dan McKinsey (Yale) 2 Evidence for Dark Matter Galaxy rotation curves The cosmic microwave background www.quantumdiaries.org Image: ESA and the Planck collaboration Gravitational lensing • 27% of the energy composition of the universe • Properties: • Stable and electrically neutral • Non-baryonic • Non-relativistic • Estimated local density: 0.3±0.1GeV·cm-3 • Candidates: WIMPs, axions, dark photons,... Colley, Turner, Tyson, and NASA LUX Dark Matter Experiment / Sanford Lab 3 Rick Gaitskell (Brown) / Dan McKinsey (Yale) 3 Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) A new particle that only very weakly interacts with ordinary matter could form Cold Dark Matter - Formed in massive amounts in the Big Bang. - Non-relativistic freeze-out. -
Highlights Se- Mathematics and Engineering— the Lead Signers of the Letter Exhibit
June 2003 NEWS Volume 12, No.6 A Publication of The American Physical Society http://www.aps.org/apsnews Nobel Laureates, Industry Leaders Petition April Meeting Prizes & Awards President to Boost Science and Technology Prizes and Awards were presented to seven- Sixteen Nobel Laureates in that “unless remedied, will affect call for “a Presidential initiative for teen recipients at the Physics and sixteen industry lead- our scientific and technological FY 2005, following on from your April meeting in Philadel- ers have written to President leadership, thereby affecting our budget of FY 2004, and focusing phia. George W. Bush to urge increas- economy and national security.” on the long-term research portfo- After the ceremony, ing funding for physical sciences, The letter, which is dated April lios of DOE, NASA, and the recipients and their environmental sciences, math- 14th, also indicates that “the Department of Commerce, in ad- guests gathered at the ematics, computer science and growth in expert personnel dition to NSF and NIH,” that, Franklin Institute for a engineering. abroad, combined with the di- “would turn around a decade-long special reception. The letter, reinforcing a recent minishing numbers of Americans decline that endangers the future Photo Credit: Stacy Edmonds of Edmonds Photography Council of Advisors on Science and entering the physical sciences, of our nation.” The top photo shows four of the five women recipients in front of a space-suit Technology report, highlights se- mathematics and engineering— The lead signers of the letter exhibit. They are (l to r): Geralyn “Sam” Zeller (Tanaka Award); Chung-Pei rious funding problems in the an unhealthy trend—is leading were Burton Richter, director Michele Ma (Maria-Goeppert Mayer Award); Yvonne Choquet-Bruhat physical sciences and related fields corporations to locate more of emeritus of SLAC, and Craig (Heineman Prize); and Helen Edwards (Wilson Prize). -
Henry Andrews Bumstead 1870-1920
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS VOLUME XIII SECOND MEMOIR BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIR OF HENRY ANDREWS BUMSTEAD 1870-1920 BY LEIGH PAGE PRESENTED TO THE ACADEMY AT THE ANNUAL MEETING, 1929 HENRY ANDREWS BUMSTEAD BY LIUGH PAGE Henry Andrews Bumstead was born in the small town of Pekin, Illinois, on March 12th, 1870, son of Samuel Josiah Bumstead and Sarah Ellen Seiwell. His father, who was a physician of considerable local prominence, had graduated from the medical school in Philadelphia and was one of the first American students of medicine to go to Vienna to complete his studies. While the family was in Vienna, Bumstead, then a child three years of age, learned to speak German as fluently as he spoke English, an accomplishment which was to prove valuable to him in his subsequent career. Bumstead was descended from an old New England family which traces its origin to Thomas Bumstead, a native of Eng- land, who settled in Boston, Massachusetts, about 1640. Many of his ancestors were engaged in the professions, his paternal grandfather, the Reverend Samuel Andrews Bumstead, being a graduate of Princeton Theological Seminary and a minister in active service. From them he inherited a keen mind and an unusually retentive memory. It is related that long before he had learned to read, his Sunday school teacher surprised his mother by complimenting her on the ease with which her son had rendered the Sunday lesson. It turned out that his mother made a habit of reading the lesson to Bumstead before he left for school, and the child's remarkable performance there was due to his ability to hold in his memory every word of the lesson after hearing it read to him a single time. -
Lab Partners: NSF and DOE
Volume 19 FRIDAY, APRIL 5, 1996 Number 7 Lab Partners: NSF and DOE by Leila Belkora, Office of Public Affairs experiments have had co-spokesmen from NSF- funded university groups. n a spring day in Chicago, if you long for NSF also funds fixed-target experiments and Othe crack of the bat and the scent of mustard special projects at Fermilab. The agency supports on hotdogs, head to Wrigley Field. In the seventh groups at KTeV and NuTeV, where experi- inning stretch you’ll sing a chorus of “Take Me menters hope to shed light on CP violation and Out to the Ball Game,” along with announcer neutrino-nucleon scattering, respectively. Two Harry Caray; baseball at Wrigley just wouldn’t be experiments related to charm quarks, E831 and the same without it. After the game, should you E835, are supported in part by NSF. This year, travel about 40 miles west to Fermilab, approximately 70 graduate students are receiv- you’d find another essential pair- ing their training in NSF-funded ing: Fermilab depends on research groups both at collider funding from the Depart- and fixed-target experi- ment of Energy, but ments. On a smaller scale, high-energy physics NSF grants to Fermilab here would be incom- augment research in plete without the cosmology and facili- support of the tate international National Science collaborations in Foundation, as well. particle physics with I nside NSF’s largest India and Korea. f contribution at In dollars, Fermilab is to the col- NSF’s contribution lider program. At to the national high- Wonyong Lee DZero, seven NSF-sup- energy physics program Profile ported groups built the is about 10 percent that 2 central drift chamber, the of DOE. -
Snowmass01 Masterreg DB 16May.FP5
SNOWMASS 2001 Summary: Working Groups Name Nametag Institution EMail M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 T9 E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 E7 P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 ,1 Abe Toshinori Stanford Linear Accelerator Center [email protected] 1 ,2 Adams Todd Florida State University [email protected] 11 1 ,3 Adolphsen Chris Stanford Linear Accelerator Center [email protected] 11 ,4 Akerib Dan Case Western Reserve University [email protected] 11 ,5 Albright Carl H. Northern Illinois University [email protected] 11 ,6 Albrow Michael Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory [email protected] 11 11 ,7 Allen Matthew Stanford Linear Accelerator Center [email protected] 1 ,8 Appel Jeffrey Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory [email protected] 11 1 1 111 ,9 Artuso Marina Syracuse University [email protected] 1 ,10 Asiri Fred Stanford University [email protected] 1 ,11 Asztalos Steve Massachusetts Institute of Technology [email protected] 11 1 ,12 Atwood David Iowa State University [email protected] 11 13, Augustin Jean-Eude LPNHE Paris [email protected] 11 1 1 1 ,14 Avery Paul University of Florida [email protected] 11 1 1 ,15 Babukhadia Levan State University of New York, Stony [email protected] 1 1 111 ,16 Bachacou Henri Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [email protected] 111 1 ,17 Baer Howard Florida State University [email protected] 11 1 11 ,18 Baker Winslow Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory [email protected] 11 ,19 Balazs Csaba University of Hawaii [email protected] 111 ,20 Barber Desmond DESY, Hamburg [email protected] -
Broader Impacts of XENON Research
XENON: A Liquid Xe Dark Matter Search Experiment at LNGS Columbia University: Elena Aprile, Karl-Ludwig Giboni, Pawel Majewski, Kaixuan Ni, Bhartendu Singh, Masaki Yamashita Brown University: Richard Gaitskell, Peter Sorensen, Luiz DeViveiros University of Florida: Laura Baudis, David Day Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory: William Craig, Adam Bernstein, Chris Hagmann Princeton University: Tom Shutt, John Kwong, Kirk McDonald Rice University: Uwe Oberlack, Omar Vargas Yale University: Daniel McKinsey, Richard Hasty, Hugh Lippincott Contact person Elena Aprile ([email protected]) Letter of Intent 1 1. The physics case The goal of the XENON experimental program is direct detection of dark matter in the form of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) with an array of ten identical liquid Xe detector modules each with a 100 kg fiducial mass (XENON100).Current theoretical models indicate that WIMP interaction rates probably lie between the current sensitivity of existing experiments which is equivalent to ~0.25 evts/kg/day and ~2 evts/100 kg/yr normalized for a Xe target. The best prospects for the unambiguous identification of a WIMP nuclear recoil signal lie in detectors that have negligible radioactive background competing with the dark matter signal. This can be achieved principally by using nuclear recoil discrimination in order to veto competing electron recoil events (associated with gamma and beta backgrounds), effective neutron shielding, and through the operation of a large homogeneous detector volume with 3-D position resolution. The latter information can be used to select single hit events characteristic of a WIMP interaction while rejecting multiple hit events associated with backgrounds that propagate from the edge of the detector into the fiducial volume. -
APS News July 2018, Vol. 27. No. 7
July 2018 • Vol. 27, No. 7 A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Homer Neal 1942-2018 Page 3 APS.ORG/APSNEWS Update on the APS Strategic Plan Throughout 2018, APS mem- bers, leadership, and staff have been preparing a new Strategic Plan to guide the Society in coming years (see APS News, February 2018). Archiving Knowledge about Physics Teaching MISSION VALUES VISION The process began in early 2018 at By Charles Henderson and Paula Heron the APS Leadership Convocation Do laboratory experiments help at the founding and develop- when elected leaders of mem- students learn concepts? Why do ment of Physical Review Physics bership units (Divisions, Topical so few women choose to major in Education Research in 2005, now Groups, Forums, and Sections) pro- physics? What is the most impor- a central and open-access home for vided input. Town hall meetings tant skill for a high school physics this work. and invited focus groups convened teacher to develop? The close connection between at the APS March and April meet- and Increasing Organizational Physics education researchers PER and physics as a discipline ings to gather direct member com- Excellence. tackle these and many other ques- was acknowledged by the American ment. CEO Kate Kirby provided an At its June retreat, the Board tions about why students study Physical Society Council in its update at the annual APS Business spent considerable time discuss- physics, what they learn, and 1999 Statement on Research in common teaching strategies and Meeting on April 13 and a member ing progress on the Plan. In guid- how their experiences affect their Physics Education [1]. -
The Emission Theory of Electromagnetism
TRANSACTIONS OF THE CONNECTICUT ACADEMY OF ARTS AND SCIENCES VOLUME 26J JANUARY 1924 [PAGES 213-243 The Emission Theory of Electromagnetism BY LEIGH PAGE Prolessor 01 Matbematical Physics in Yale University NI!\V HAVEN, CONNECTICUT PUBLISHED BY THE CONNECTICUT ACADEMY OF ARTS AND SCIENCBS AND TO BE OBTAINBD ALSO PROM THE YALE UNIVERSITY PRESS THE EMISSION THEORY OF ELECTROMAGNETISM LEIGH PAGE HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION The subject of electroDlagnetism exhibits a remarkable dualisnt which is absent from other branches of physics. Not only do electric and magnetic fields appear as essentially distinct though related entities, but in the study of the effects produced by one electric charge on another it is necessary to distinguish between positive and negative electricity and in the case of magtletislD between north and south-seeking polarity. Naturally the first systematic investigations in the sltbject were limited to tile phenomena of magnetostatics and electrostatics, ill which the forces between statiollary magtlets or electric cllarges are tIle objects of study. As early as 1600 Gilbert explained tIle directive tendency of a freely suspended magnetic l1eedle as due to tIle magnetization of the earth, combined with the general princillie that like poles repel al1d unlike attract. However, it was 110t until two centuries later that Coulolnb, by means of the torsion balance, demonstrated that tile law of force, both as t-egards 111agnetic poles and electric charges, was the sanle il1verse square law tllat Newton 11ad fOUlld to hold in the province of gravitation. At the time of Coulomb's deattl no connection was knOW!l between the pllenonlena of magnetism and electricity. -
Snowmass01 Masterreg DB.FP5
SNOWMASS 2001 Summary: Working Groups Name Nametag Institution EMail M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 T9 E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 E7 P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 1 Abe, Toshinori Stanford Linear Accelerator Center [email protected] 1 2 Adams, Todd Florida State University [email protected] 11 1 3 Adolphsen, Chris Stanford Linear Accelerator Center [email protected] 11 4 Akerib, Dan Case Western Reserve University [email protected] 11 5 Albright, Carl H. Northern Illinois University [email protected] 11 6 Albrow, Michael Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory [email protected] 11 11 7 Albuquerque, Ivone Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [email protected] 11 8 Aldering, Greg Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [email protected] 11 9 Allen, Matthew Stanford Linear Accelerator Center [email protected] 1 10 Allen, Roland Texas A&M University [email protected] 111 11 Appel, Jeffrey Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory [email protected] 11 1 1111 12 Artuso, Marina Syracuse University [email protected] 1 13 Asiri, Fred Stanford University [email protected] 1 14 Asner, David Lawrence Livermore National Laboratoy [email protected] 11 1 11 15 Asztalos, Steve Massachusetts Institute of Technology [email protected] 11 1 16 Atwood, David Iowa State University [email protected] 11 17 Augustin, Jean-Eude LPNHE Paris [email protected] 11 1 1 1 18 Avery , Paul University of Florida [email protected] 11 1 1 19 Babukhadia, Levan State University of New York, Stony Brook [email protected] 1 1 111 20 Bachacou, Henri Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [email protected] 111 1 21 Baer, Howard Florida State University [email protected] 11 111 22 Bagger, Jonathan Johns Hopkins University [email protected] 11111 23 Baker, Winslow Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory [email protected] 11 24 Balantekin, A. -
2002-03 College Template
Volume XV College of Arts & Sciences Alumni Association Fall 2003 Letter from the chair Department proud of recent research, new faculty hanks for taking the time to learn James Glazier, a senior biophysicist who Institute of Health; and Robert de Ruyter more about some of the exciting joins us from Notre Dame; Mark Messier, van Steven, who joins us from Princeton. Tevents that have taken place in the an experimental high energy physicist from We will be highlighting the research IU Department of Physics over the last Harvard; and Rex Tayloe, who joined our activities of these four most recent additions year. What a fantastic time to be chair of nuclear group two years ago from Los to the faculty in our next newsletter. the IU physics department! I am blessed Alamos National Laboratory. We will also It is a privilege and honor to serve the IU with an energetic, enthusiastic faculty that be joined this fall by Sima Setayeshgar, a Department of Physics, and I am grateful is constantly developing new ways of biophysicist from Princeton; Jon Urheim, for your support. I look forward to the improving the learning environment for our an experimental high-energy physicist from opportunities ahead and wish each of you students and providing the thriving research the University of Minnesota; John Beggs, a every success in the year ahead. environment that is at the heart of our biophysicist joining us from the National — James Musser academic program. In this newsletter you’ll find articles about a number of important new elements of our research program, such Biocomplexity research experiences growth as our new low energy neutron scattering facility (LENS), which was approved for Since the beginning of a nascient variety of spatial and temporal struc- construction by the NSF this summer. -
Jan/Feb 2015
I NTERNATIONAL J OURNAL OF H IGH -E NERGY P HYSICS CERNCOURIER WELCOME V OLUME 5 5 N UMBER 1 J ANUARY /F EBRUARY 2 0 1 5 CERN Courier – digital edition Welcome to the digital edition of the January/February 2015 issue of CERN Courier. CMS and the The coming year at CERN will see the restart of the LHC for Run 2. As the meticulous preparations for running the machine at a new high energy near their end on all fronts, the LHC experiment collaborations continue LHC Run 1 legacy to glean as much new knowledge as possible from the Run 1 data. Other labs are also working towards a bright future, for example at TRIUMF in Canada, where a new flagship facility for research with rare isotopes is taking shape. To sign up to the new-issue alert, please visit: http://cerncourier.com/cws/sign-up. To subscribe to the magazine, the e-mail new-issue alert, please visit: http://cerncourier.com/cws/how-to-subscribe. TRIUMF TRIBUTE CERN & Canada’s new Emilio Picasso and research facility his enthusiasm SOCIETY EDITOR: CHRISTINE SUTTON, CERN for rare isotopes for physics The thinking behind DIGITAL EDITION CREATED BY JESSE KARJALAINEN/IOP PUBLISHING, UK p26 p19 a new foundation p50 CERNCOURIER www. V OLUME 5 5 N UMBER 1 J AARYN U /F EBRUARY 2 0 1 5 CERN Courier January/February 2015 Contents 4 COMPLETE SOLUTIONS Covering current developments in high-energy Which do you want to engage? physics and related fi elds worldwide CERN Courier is distributed to member-state governments, institutes and laboratories affi liated with CERN, and to their personnel. -
Two-Phase Xenon Time Projection Chambers for WIMP Searches and Other Applications
Two-Phase Xenon Time Projection Chambers for WIMP Searches and Other Applications Nicole A. Larsen Yale University Department of Physics Advisor: Daniel McKinsey Thesis Prospectus May 24, 2012 Abstract Astronomical evidence indicates that 23 % of the energy density in the universe is comprised of some form of non-standard, non-baryonic matter that has yet to be observed. One of the predominant theories is that dark matter consists of WIMPs (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles), so named be- cause they do not interact electromagnetically or through the strong nuclear force. In direct dark matter detection experiments the goal is to look for evidence of collisions between WIMPs and other particles such as heavy nuclei. Here, the challenge is to measure exceedingly rare interactions with very high precision. In recent years xenon has risen as a medium for particle detection, exhibiting a number of desirable qualities that make it well-suited for direct WIMP searches. The LUX (Large Underground Xenon) experiment is a 350-kg xenon-based direct dark matter detection experiment currently deployed at the Homestake Mine in Lead, South Dakota, consisting of a two-phase (liq- uid/gas) xenon time projection chamber with a 100-kg fiducial mass. Its projected sensitivity for 300 days of underground data acquisition is a cross-section of 7 × 10-46 cm2 for a WIMP mass of 100 GeV, representing an improvement of nearly an order of magnitude over previous WIMP-nucleon scattering cross-section limits. Furthermore, two-phase xenon-based technologies are useful in many other applications, in- cluding other fundamental physics searches, imaging of special nuclear materials, and medical imaging.