(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2005/0042218A1 Zauderer (43) Pub
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US 2005004221.8A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2005/0042218A1 Zauderer (43) Pub. Date: Feb. 24, 2005 (54) MHC CLASS - PEPTIDE-ANTIBODY Publication Classification CONJUGATES WITH MODIFIED BETA2-MCROGLOBULIN (51) Int. Cl." ........................ A61K 39/395; A61K 39/00 (52) U.S. Cl. ..................................... 424/144.1; 424/185.1 (75) Inventor: Maurice Zauderer, Pitsford, NY (US) Correspondence Address: (57) ABSTRACT STERNE, KESSLER, GOLDSTEIN & FOX PLLC 1100 NEW YORKAVENUE, N.W. The present invention is directed to a novel targeted vaccine WASHINGTON, DC 20005 (US) delivery System, comprising one or more peptide-MHC ASSignee: Vaccinex, Inc. Class I complexes linked through the B-microglobulin (73) molecule to an antibody which is specific for a cell Surface (21) Appl. No.: 10/887,230 marker. The complexes of the invention contain a B-mi croglobulin that has been modified to have greater affinity to (22) Filed: Jul. 9, 2004 the C. chain of MHC Class I than native f3P-microglobulin. Alternatively, the complexes of the invention contain B-mi Related U.S. Application Data croglobulin fused or linked to the antigenic peptide. The (60) Provisional application No. 60/485,716, filed on Jul. complexes of the invention are useful for treating and/or 10, 2003. Provisional application No. 60/513,043, preventing cancer, infectious diseases, autoimmune dis filed on Oct. 22, 2003. eases, and/or allergies. Patent Application Publication Feb. 24, 2005 Sheet 1 of 2 US 2005/0042218 A1 FCG 1. M S R S v A. L. A VLALLS LSGI, EA I C R T P K I Q v Y 1. O S R H P A E N G K S N F L N C Y V S G F H P S D I E W D L. L. 2O 30 40 K N G E R E K V E H S D L S F S K D W S F Y L. L. Y Y T E F SO 60 70 T P T E K D EY A C R v N H v T L S Q. P K I v K W D R D M 80 9 O Patent Application Publication Feb. 24, 2005 Sheet 2 of 2 US 2005/0042218A1 Clone C35 DNA Coding Sequence gcc gCg ATG AGC GGG GAG CCG GGG CAG ACG TCC GTA GCG CCC CCT CCC GAG GAG GTC GAG CCG GGC AGT GGG GTC CGC ATC GTG GTG GAG TAC TGT GAA CCC TGC GGC TTC GAG GCG ACC TAC CTG GAG CTG GCC AGT GCT GTG AAG GAG CAG TAT CCG GGC ATC GAG ATC GAG TCG CGC CTC GGG GGC ACA GGT GCC TTT GAG ATA GAG ATA AAT GGA CAG CTG GTG TTC TCC AAG CTG GAG AAT GGG GGC TTT CCC TAT GAG AAA GAT CTC ATT GAG GCC ATC CGA AGA GCC AGT AAT GGA GAA ACC CTA GAA AAG ATC ACC AAC AGC CGT CCT CCC TGC GTC ATC CTG TGA Figuela, C One C35 Protein Sequence MSGEPGQTSWAPPPEEVEPGSGVRIWVEYCEPCGFEATYLEL YEKDLIEARRASNGETLEKITNSRPPCVILASAVKEQYPGIEIESRLGGTGAFEIEINGQLVFSKLENGGFP US 2005/0042218 A1 Feb. 24, 2005 MHC CLASS - PEPTDE-ANTIBODY been shown to activate specific T cells in vitro (Hamad, A. CONJUGATES WITH MODIFIED R. A. et al., J. Exp. Med. 188: 1633-1640 (1998)). BETA2-MCROGLOBULIN 0008 Binding of peptide-MHC complexes to T cells is, in general, not Sufficient to induce T cell proliferation and CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED differentiation. Additional co-stimulatory Signals delivered APPLICATIONS through interactions between other membrane molecules of 0001. The present application claims priority benefit of the T cell and the antigen presenting cell are required for U.S. Provisional Appl. Nos. 60/485,716 filed Jul. 10, 2003 optimal T cell activation. Indeed, signaling through T cell and 60/513,043, filed Oct. 22, 2003, the disclosures of both antigen receptor alone in the absence of coStimulation can of which are incorporated by reference herein. result in tolerization rather than activation. 0009 Dendritic cells are a uniquely potent lineage of STATEMENT REGARDING professional antigen presenting cell that express high mem FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH AND brane levels of both MHC and co-stimulatory molecules. A DEVELOPMENT number of vaccine Strategies target antigen presentation by dendritic cells through eX Vivo introduction of antigen into 0002) Not applicable. dendritic cells or provision of GM-CSF and/or other cytok ines together with a Source of antigen in Vivo in order to BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION promote recruitment and maturation of dendritic cells at the Site of antigen deposit. EX Vivo Strategies require complex 0003) 1. Field of the Invention manipulations of patient materials which are time consum 0004. The present invention relates to immunology. More ing and expensive. In Vivo manipulations are limited by the Specifically, the present invention relates to vaccines and efficiency with which dendritic cells are recruited and with methods for modifying immune responses. which they take up, process, and present antigenic peptide to 0005 2. Background Art Specific T cells. 0010 Both T cells and activated dendritic cells express 0006 T lymphocytes are both key effector cells and key membrane differentiation antigens that can be targeted by regulatory cells of the immune System. The ability to Stimu Specific antibodies. Some of the corresponding membrane late or inhibit specific T cell responses is a major goal for the molecules may deliver either positive or negative activation immunotherapy of cancer, infectious diseases, and autoim Signals to the T cell or dendritic cell precursor. These include mune diseases. T cell Specificity is mediated by a T cell the T cell markers CD28 and CTLA-4 (CD 152) which are, receptor (TCR) on the surface of the T cells. Each TCR is respectively, thought to mediate positive and negative co Specific for a complex of a unique peptide epitope of a Stimulator interactions. In contrast, the dendritic cell differ protein antigen associated with a major histocompatibility entiation markers CD83, CMRF-44 and CMRF-56 are not complex (MHC) molecule on the surface of a cell. There are known to have a specific function in membrane Signaling. two classes of MHC proteins which bind to TCRs in CD83, in particular, has been tested in a variety of experi conjunction with peptide antigens: MHC Class I proteins, ments and never found to have an effect beyond target cell which are found on the membranes of all nucleated cells, recognition. and MHC Class II proteins, which are found only on certain cells of the immune system. The two major classes of T 0011 Methods are available to target a specific ligand or cells, only on certain cells of the immune System. The two regulatory molecule to an antigen positive cell by geneti major classes of T cells, CD8+ and CD4+, are selected to be cally linking the Specificity domain of an antibody Specific Specific for peptide epitopes that associate, respectively, for that antigen to a particular ligand or cytokine. Fusion with MHC Class I and Class II molecules on the antigen proteins encoded in this fashion may retain both antigen presenting cell. Polymorphism within each class of MHC Specificity and ligand or cytokine function. Examples of molecule determines which peptide fragments bind with Such reagents have been described in which the ligand functional affinity to the MHC molecules expressed by a coding Sequence is linked to either the carboxyl or amino particular individual. terminus of an antibody chain which may itself be either 0007 Peptide-MHC complexes have a relatively fast whole or truncated (Morrison, S. L. et al., Clin. Chem. dissociation rate from the TCR. Multimeric peptide-MHC 34:1668-1675 (1988); Shin, S.U. and Morrison, S. L., Meth. complexes have, as expected, been shown to have slower in Enzymol. 178:459-476 (1989); Porto, J. D. et al., Proc. dissociation rates and are far more Suitable than Soluble Natl. AcadSci, USA 90:6671-6675 (1993); Shin, S.-U. et monomeric complex for binding to receptorS on a Specific T al., J. Immunol. 158:4797-4804 (1997)). A particularly flex cell. A technology for engineering tetrameric peptide-MHC ible construct has been described, in which an avidin mol complexes based on addition of biotin to the COOH-termi ecule is linked to the carboxyl-terminus of the heavy chain nus of the MHC Class I heavy chain and high affinity of an antibody that can target the transferrin receptor and association with tetrameric avidin has been developed (Alt can, in principle, deliver any biotinylated ligand to the target man, J. D., et al., Science 274:94-96 (1996)). A similar cell (Penichet, M. L. etal., J. Immunol. 163:4421 strategy has been adapted for MHC Class II molecules 4426(1993)). (Schmitt, L. et al., Proc. Natl Acad. Sci., USA.96:6581-6586 0012. The key requirements for construction of a delivery (1999); Zarutskie, J. A. et al., Biochemistry 38:5878-5887 System that can target Specific cells and tissues to deliver a (1999)). Such molecules are referred to as peptide-MHC ligand or cytokine are to identify an appropriate target tetramers and are widely employed for Staining of Specific T molecule, Select an antibody with a specificity domain with cells. A different form of dimeric peptide-MHC complex has high affinity for that target molecule, and to link an effective US 2005/0042218 A1 Feb. 24, 2005 concentration of ligand or cytokine to that antibody Speci 0019. Also provided are method of modulating, i.e., ficity domain. For the Specific purpose of vaccine delivery, either Stimulating or inhibiting, and immune response, com the relevant ligand is a specific peptide-MHC Class I com prising administering to an animal an effective amount of a pleX, preferably in dimeric or multimeric form.