An Introduction to Africana Philosophy
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Knowledge Is Closed Under Analytic Content
Knowledge is Closed Under Analytic Content Samuel Z. Elgin July 2019 Abstract I defend the claim that knowledge is closed under analytic content: that if an agent S knows that p and q is an analytic part of p, then S knows that q. After identifying the relevant notion of analyticity, I argue that this principle correctly diagnoses challenging cases and that it gives rise to novel and plausible necessary and sufficient conditions for knowledge. I close by arguing that contextualists who maintain that knowledge is closed under classical entailment within|but not between|linguistic contexts are tacitly committed to this principle's truth. Knowledge of some propositions requires knowledge of others. All those who know that p ^ q also know that p|as do those who know that p. Agents ignorant of the truth of p lack the epistemic resources to know either the conjunction or the double negation. When does this hold? Is it a feature of conjunction and negation in particular, or are they instances of a more general pattern? Why does this hold? What makes it the case that knowledge of some propositions requires knowledge of others? This is the interpretive question of epistemic closure. The most basic formulation of the closure principle is the following: Na¨ıve Closure: If an agent S knows that p and p entails q, then S knows that q.1 Na¨ıve Closure is transparently false. S may fail to realize that p entails q, and perhaps even disbelieve that q. And, surely, if S does not even believe that q, then S does not know that q. -
Philosophy and the Black Experience
APA NEWSLETTER ON Philosophy and the Black Experience John McClendon & George Yancy, Co-Editors Spring 2004 Volume 03, Number 2 elaborations on the sage of African American scholarship is by ROM THE DITORS way of centrally investigating the contributions of Amilcar F E Cabral to Marxist philosophical analysis of the African condition. Duran’s “Cabral, African Marxism, and the Notion of History” is a comparative look at Cabral in light of the contributions of We are most happy to announce that this issue of the APA Marxist thinkers C. L. R. James and W. E. B. Du Bois. Duran Newsletter on Philosophy and the Black Experience has several conceptually places Cabral in the role of an innovative fine articles on philosophy of race, philosophy of science (both philosopher within the Marxist tradition of Africana thought. social science and natural science), and political philosophy. Duran highlights Cabral’s profound understanding of the However, before we introduce the articles, we would like to historical development as a manifestation of revolutionary make an announcement on behalf of the Philosophy practice in the African liberation movement. Department at Morgan State University (MSU). It has come to In this issue of the Newsletter, philosopher Gertrude James our attention that MSU may lose the major in philosophy. We Gonzalez de Allen provides a very insightful review of Robert think that the role of our Historically Black Colleges and Birt’s book, The Quest for Community and Identity: Critical Universities and MSU in particular has been of critical Essays in Africana Social Philosophy. significance in attracting African American students to Our last contributor, Dr. -
Painting's Schools and Their Aesthetic Impact on Modern Iraqi Art During the Period (1900-1980)
PAINTING’S SCHOOLS AND THEIR AESTHETIC IMPACT ON MODERN IRAQI ART DURING THE PERIOD (1900-1980) PJAEE, 17 (3) (2020) PAINTING’S SCHOOLS AND THEIR AESTHETIC IMPACT ON MODERN IRAQI ART DURING THE PERIOD (1900-1980) Hawraa Ali Abd Muhammad1, Dr. Ali Hadi Mubarak2, Abdul Ameer Razzaq Mugheer3, Dr. Talib Sultan Hamzah4 1General Directorate of Education in Babil , Ministry of Education, Iraq 2College of Fine Arts - University of Babylon, Iraq 3The Open Educational College, Babylon Academic Center, Ministry of Education, Iraq 4College of Fine Arts - University of Babylon, Iraq Corresponding Authors: [email protected], 2 [email protected], [email protected] . [email protected] Hawraa Ali Abd Muhammad, Ali Hadi Mubarak, Abdul Ameer Razzaq Mugheer, Talib Sultan Hamzah. Painting’s Schools And Their Aesthetic Impact On Modern Iraqi Art During The Period (1900-1980)-- Palarch’s Journal Of Archaeology Of Egypt/Egyptology 17(3), 2234-2255. ISSN 1567-214x Keywords: schools of photography, beauty, Iraqi art THE ABSTRACT The process of interconnection among schools of contemporary painting and the Iraqi artist remains embodied by aesthetic concepts which produced by the past and enshrined in aesthetic sense, clearly, we see this in the Iraqi artist who lived during the time period (1900-1980), as this artist continued to see his hopes of going into the past with his spiritualties. Adding to it another meaning that is not at all inconsistent with the ethnic, religious or social affiliation that embodied by the different schools of photography, -
1 Epistemic Closure in Folk Epistemology James R. Beebe And
Epistemic Closure in Folk Epistemology* James R. Beebe and Jake Monaghan (University at Buffalo) Forthcoming in Joshua Knobe, Tania Lombrozo, and Shaun Nichols (eds.), Oxford Studies in Epistemology We report the results of four empirical studies designed to investigate the extent to which an epistemic closure principle for knowledge is reflected in folk epistemology. Previous work by Turri (2015a) suggested that our shared epistemic practices may only include a source-relative closure principle—one that applies to perceptual beliefs but not to inferential beliefs. We argue that the results of our studies provide reason for thinking that individuals are making a performance error when their knowledge attributions and denials conflict with the closure principle. When we used research materials that overcome what we think are difficulties with Turri’s original materials, we found that participants did not reject closure. Furthermore, when we presented Turri’s original materials to non- philosophers with expertise in deductive reasoning (viz., professional mathematicians), they endorsed closure for both perceptual and inferential beliefs. Our results suggest that an unrestricted closure principle—one that applies to all beliefs, regardless of their source—provides a better model of folk patterns of knowledge attribution than a source-relative closure principle. * This paper has benefited greatly from helpful comments and suggestions from John Turri, Wesley Buckwalter, two anonymous reviewers from Oxford Studies in Experimental Philosophy, an anonymous reviewer for the Second Annual Minds Online Conference, and audiences at the 2015 Experimental Philosophy Group UK conference, the 2016 Southern Society for Philosophy and Psychology conference, and University College Dublin. 1 Keywords: epistemic closure, folk epistemology, experimental philosophy, knowledge, expertise 1. -
In Memory: Larry Obadele Williams
In Memory: Larry Obadele Williams For over 30 years Larry Obadele Williams (respectfully referred to here as Obadele) to was active in researching African and African- American historical studies as a lecturer, curriculum consultant, journalist and archivist. He was a correspondent for the international journal Africa Must Unite, published by the Arusha- Konakri Institute under the editorship of Ruwa Chiri. In his student years as a student at the University of Chicago, he was active in the Black Student Union and editor of the Black student newspaper, Black Rap. He also attended classes taught by the late pioneering Black psychologist Bobby E. Wright, author of The Psychopathic Racist Personality and Anderson Thompson at the Black Communiversity in Chicago, Illinois during the 1970s. From 1973-1978, Obadele was instrumental in organizing local Atlanta Marcus M. Garvey celebrations along with Akiba Adande and Khusu Wanzu. As a photo-journalist he covered both African Liberation Day Celebrations and the 1st Martin Luther King, Jr. National Holiday March and Birthday celebrations. During 1976-78, Obadele served as a staff volunteer at the Institute of the Black World. In 1978 thru 1980, he became a member of the Shrine of the Black Madonna of the Pan African Orthrodox Christian Church and tutored Basic Training members in African history. During 1983 he coordinated the Return to the Source Conference featuring Charles B. Copher, Asa G. Hilliard III, Charles S. Finch III, Runoko Rashidi, Walter Palmer and Charlyne Harper-Bolton sponsored by the Bennu Study Group and Morris Brown College. As a writer, his articles have appeared in the Journal of African Civilizations, the Atlanta Voice newspaper, Return to the Source, History, the Bible and Blackman magazine, IFA News, the Atlanta Inquirer newspaper, Kwanzaa Resource Guide and RAW magazine. -
Descargar Descargar
Opcion, Año 35, Nº Especial 19 (2019):2899-2921 ISSN 1012-1587/ISSNe: 2477-9385 The Aesthetic Religious Symbol of The First Abbasid Era : Bashar Ibn Barad – Ibn AL Rumi ,AS Models Phd .Dr .Najlaa Abdul,Hussein oleiwi Mohammed Farhan Hussein Department of Geography College of Education for Human Sciences University of Tikrit , Iraq Abstract The symbol is a technical tool that receives the attention of scholars to its literary and heritage status and its signifcance, which carries in its machines the aesthetic value that expresses its symbol. The symbol has roots since the frst date. The philosophers of the Greeks and Arabs had a pause with them in their manuscripts and scientifc, because of its codes on it by people, as Car- ries many meanings and indications that make the recipient in a state of alert and emotion with these symbols to be through the images and values that can guide them to what the poet and writer A, be a mask hiding behind the author. Najlaa Abdul,Hussein oleiwi et.al. 2900 Opcion, Año 35, Nº Especial 19 (2019): 2899-2921 El símbolo religioso estético de la primera era abasí: Bashar Ibn Barad - Ibn AL Rumi, AS Modelos Resumen El símbolo es una herramienta técnica que recibe la atención de los estu- diosos sobre su estado literario y patrimonial y su importancia, que lleva en sus máquinas el valor estético que expresa su símbolo. El símbolo tiene raíces desde la primera fecha. Los flósofos de los griegos y los árabes tuvieron una pausa con ellos en sus manuscritos y científcos, debido a sus códigos en él por la gente, ya que lleva muchos signifcados e indicaciones que hacen que el receptor esté en estado de alerta y emoción con estos símbolos. -
2013Kwanzaa Press
2013 Capital City Kwanzaa Festival FACT SHEET What 2013 Capital City Kwanzaa Festival Attended by families from Baltimore, MD to Durham, NC When Saturday, December 28, 2013 • 1:00 p.m. • 9:00 p.m. Where The Hippodrome Theater 528 N. 2nd Street Richmond, Virginia 23219 Who Presented by Elegba Folklore Society, Inc. Richmond's Cultural Ambassador A Richmond-based not for profit cultural arts and education organization. With City of Richmond, Dominion, Wells Fargo, CBS 6, 97.3 WRIR Richmond Independent Radio In cooperation with Radio Communications of Virginia and the Arts & Cultural Funding Consortium Cost $6 Advance General Admission. $7, Door. $5 Students (12-18) & Seniors (65+), Advance. $6, Door. $5 Group Rates, 10 or More, Advance, Only. Free for Children Under 12. Tickets Group and Advance Sales Elegba Folklore Society’s Cultural Center 101 E. Broad St., Richmond, VA 23219, 804/644-3900 http://www.efsinc.org At the Door Day of Show Only. No Group Sales Media Contact Janine Bell 804/644-3900 [email protected] Electronic Images Included or Available. Capital City Kwanzaa Festival 101 East Broad Street • Richmond, Virginia 23219 804/644-3900 (phone) • 644-3919 (fax) www.elegbafolkloresociety.org For Immediate R e l e a s e Contact: Janine Bell 804/644-3900 [email protected] Date: December 13, 2013 2013 CAPITAL CITY KWANZAA FESTIVAL DECEMBER 28 AT THE HIPPODROME THEATER THEMED “REMEMBERING MANDELA” Richmond, VA • Elegba Folklore Society, Richmond’s Cultural Ambassador, presents the 2013 Capital City Kwanzaa Festival on Saturday, December 28, 1:00 p.m. – 9:00pm new this year at The Hippodrome Theater, 528 N. -
Religious Satellite Channels and the Competitions for Public Opinion
DISSERTATION Titel der Dissertation Preaching Arab Satellite Television Channels: The Power of Salafi Discourse in forming Public Opinion. Verfasser Mohammed Abualrob, MA Angestrebter Akademischer Grad: Doktor der Philosophie (Dr.phil.) Wien, 2013 Studienkennzahl: A 796 310 301 Dissertationsgebiet lt. Studienblatt: Publizistik- und Kommunikationswissenschaft Betreuer: Univ.- Prof. Dr. Thomas A. Bauer Acknowledgment I would not have been able to finish this without the support of my supervisor Prof. Dr. Thomas Bauer. I am deeply grateful to Prof. Dr. Andre Gingrich for his great efforts and support. Prof. Dr. Katharine Sarikakis, Prof. Josef Dr. Josef Seethaler, Prof. Dr. Christoph Reinprecht, thank you all, I have learned a lot from you. I am also grateful to Prof. Dr. Dimitris Charalambis, for his precious time spent on reviewing this thesis. I also would like to thank the Student Service Center for Social Sciences, Prof. Dr. Birgit Sauer, Ms. Birgit Muskovich and Ms. Erika Mikusch. A special thank to my friends Haneen Taha, Dr. Waled Al-Shurufa, and everyone else who has contributed to the thesis and my PhD journey, in one way or another. Thank you very much from the bottom of my heart. Mohammed Abualrob. ii Mohammad Ahmad Abualrob Ramallah West Bank / Palestine Home: +972 (0) 4 2512048 Mobile: +972 (0) 599 316909 Email: [email protected] [email protected] Curriculum Vitae Date and Place of Birth: 13th July. 1985, Jenin, Palestine Citizenship: Palestinian Marital Status: Single Academic Background: March 2009: Doctoral student in Media studies at the University of Vienna, the Doctoral thesis entitled:” Preacher Arab Satellite Television Channels: the power of Salafi discourse in forming the Public Opinion”. -
Pan African Agency and the Cultural Political Economy of the Black City: the Case of the African World Festival in Detroit
PAN AFRICAN AGENCY AND THE CULTURAL POLITICAL ECONOMY OF THE BLACK CITY: THE CASE OF THE AFRICAN WORLD FESTIVAL IN DETROIT By El-Ra Adair Radney A DISSERTATION Submitted to Michigan State University in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree African American and African Studies - Doctor of Philosophy 2019 ABSTRACT PAN AFRICAN AGENCY AND THE CULTURAL POLITICAL ECONOMY OF THE BLACK CITY: THE CASE OF THE AFRICAN WORLD FESTIVAL IN DETROIT By El-Ra Adair Radney Pan African Agency and the Cultural Political Economy of the Black City is a dissertation study of Detroit that characterizes the city as a ‘Pan African Metropolis’ within the combined histories of Black Metropolis theory and theories of Pan African cultural nationalism. The dissertation attempts to reconfigure Saint Clair Drake and Horace Cayton’s Jr’s theorization on the Black Metropolis to understand the intersectional dynamics of culture, politics, and economy as they exist in a Pan African value system for the contemporary Black city. Differently from the classic Black Metropolis study, the current study incorporates African heritage celebration as a major Black life axes in the maintenance of the Black city’s identity. Using Detroit as a case study, the study contends that through their sustained allegiance to African/Afrocentric identity, Black Americans have enhanced the Black city through their creation of a distinctive cultural political economy, which manifests in what I refer to throughout the study as a Pan African Metropolis. I argue that the Pan African Metropolis emerged more visibly and solidified itself during Detroit’s Black Arts Movement in the 1970s of my youth (Thompson, 1999). -
{FREE} an Introduction to Africana Philosophy 1St Edition Pdf Free
AN INTRODUCTION TO AFRICANA PHILOSOPHY 1ST EDITION PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Lewis R Gordon | 9780521675468 | | | | | An Introduction to Africana Philosophy 1st edition PDF Book Africana philosophical movements in the United States, Canada, and Britain; 5. Or are you saying that there must be, purely as a matter of geographically imposed necessity, similarities between Seneca and Averroes on account of their birth and residence in Cordoba? The interplay between text and illustration conveys the richness and sweep of the African and African American experience as no other publication before it. And so the intensified ontologizing philosophizing proceeded at near breakneck speed driven largely by a generation of young adults few of whom had, nor would accept, little in the way of intellectual or practical guidance from the experienced and wise of previous generations for whom many of the young and arrogant had too little respect…. Frank Spencer marked it as to-read Aug 05, Lewis R. Some regarded Bantu Philosophy as a defense, even a vindication, of Africans as rational human beings quite capable of managing their own lives and therefore capable of independence from colonial rule. Rhetoric and Philosophy. Rating details. Almost daily, even on what seemed the most mundane of occasions, oppressed Black people were compelled to consider the most fundamental existential questions: Continue life during what would turn out to be centuries-long colonization and enslavement, of brutal, brutalizing and humiliating gendered and racialized oppression? It's a basic mistake though. I meant to say that there would have been a brake in continuity between the concerns and beliefs of philosophers in the Viking age compared to the activity of Scandinavian scholastic philosophers later on. -
Hereafter, Closure
Erkenntnis (2006) Ó Springer 2006 DOI 10.1007/s10670-006-9009-y PETER MURPHY A STRATEGY FOR ASSESSING CLOSURE ABSTRACT. This paper looks at an argument strategy for assessing the epistemic closure principle. This is the principle that says knowledge is closed under known entailment; or (roughly) if S knows p and S knows that p entails q, then S knows that q. The strategy in question looks to the individual conditions on knowledge to see if they are closed. According to one conjecture, if all the individual conditions are closed, then so too is knowledge. I give a deductive argument for this conjecture. According to a second conjecture, if one (or more) condition is not closed, then neither is knowledge. I give an inductive argument for this conjecture. In sum, I defend the strategy by defending the claim that knowledge is closed if, and only if, all the conditions on knowledge are closed. After making my case, I look at what this means for the debate over whether knowledge is closed. According to the epistemic closure principle (hereafter, Closure), if someone knows that P, knows that P entails Q, goes on to infer Q, and in this way bases their belief that Q on their belief that P and their belief that P entails Q, then they know that Q. Similar principles cover proposed conditions on knowledge. Call the conditions on knowledge, whatever they might be, k-conditions. A k-condition, C, is closed if and only if the following is true: if S meets C with respect to P and S meets C with respect to P entails Q, and S goes on to infer from these to believe Q thereby basing her belief that Q on these other beliefs, then S meets C with respect to Q.1 On one view about the relationship between knowledge and its conditions, Closure is true just in case all k-conditions are closed. -
Evidence, Epistemic Luck, Reliability, and Knowledge
Acta Analytica https://doi.org/10.1007/s12136-021-00490-0 Evidence, Epistemic Luck, Reliability, and Knowledge Mylan Engel Jr.1 Received: 8 August 2020 / Accepted: 5 August 2021 © Springer Nature B.V. 2021 Abstract In this article, I develop and defend a version of reliabilism – internal reasons relia- bilism – that resolves the paradox of epistemic luck, solves the Gettier problem by ruling out veritic luck, is immune to the generality problem, resolves the internal- ism/externalism controversy, and preserves epistemic closure. Keywords Epistemic luck · Reliabilism · Generality problem · Internalism/ externalism debate · Personal and doxastic justifcation · Analysis of knowledge 1 A Modest Goal My goal is to develop and defend a version of reliabilism—internal reasons reliabi- lism—that resolves the paradox of epistemic luck, solves the Gettier problem by rul- ing out veritic luck, is immune to the generality problem, resolves the internalism/ externalism controversy, and preserves epistemic closure. Let’s begin! 2 The Epistemic Luck Paradox Epistemic luck is a generic notion used to describe various ways in which it is some- how accidental, coincidental, or fortuitous that a person has a true belief that p. The phenomenon of epistemic luck gives rise to an epistemological paradox. The para- dox is generated by three extremely plausible theses. 2.1 The Knowledge Thesis We know a lot. We possess all sorts of knowledge about the world around us. You know that you are currently reading an article on epistemology. I know that I am looking at a computer screen. You know what city you are currently in. I know that * Mylan Engel Jr.