1. ILEX Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 125. 1753. 冬青属 Dong Qing Shu Morphological Characters and Geographic Distribution Are the Same As Those of the Family
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Southwest Guangdong, 28 April to 7 May 1998
Report of Rapid Biodiversity Assessments at Qixingkeng Nature Reserve, Southwest Guangdong, 29 April to 1 May and 24 November to 1 December, 1998 Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden in collaboration with Guangdong Provincial Forestry Department South China Institute of Botany South China Agricultural University South China Normal University Xinyang Teachers’ College January 2002 South China Biodiversity Survey Report Series: No. 4 (Online Simplified Version) Report of Rapid Biodiversity Assessments at Qixingkeng Nature Reserve, Southwest Guangdong, 29 April to 1 May and 24 November to 1 December, 1998 Editors John R. Fellowes, Michael W.N. Lau, Billy C.H. Hau, Ng Sai-Chit and Bosco P.L. Chan Contributors Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden: Bosco P.L. Chan (BC) Lawrence K.C. Chau (LC) John R. Fellowes (JRF) Billy C.H. Hau (BH) Michael W.N. Lau (ML) Lee Kwok Shing (LKS) Ng Sai-Chit (NSC) Graham T. Reels (GTR) Gloria L.P. Siu (GS) South China Institute of Botany: Chen Binghui (CBH) Deng Yunfei (DYF) Wang Ruijiang (WRJ) South China Agricultural University: Xiao Mianyuan (XMY) South China Normal University: Chen Xianglin (CXL) Li Zhenchang (LZC) Xinyang Teachers’ College: Li Hongjing (LHJ) Voluntary consultants: Guillaume de Rougemont (GDR) Keith Wilson (KW) Background The present report details the findings of two field trips in Southwest Guangdong by members of Kadoorie Farm & Botanic Garden (KFBG) in Hong Kong and their colleagues, as part of KFBG's South China Biodiversity Conservation Programme. The overall aim of the programme is to minimise the loss of forest biodiversity in the region, and the emphasis in the first three years is on gathering up-to-date information on the distribution and status of fauna and flora. -
Broadleaf Evergreens Cocculus Laurifolia, Or Available
Acca Sellowiana Acca sellowiana, or pineapple BROADLEAF guava, has been used in the Central Florida area for years and EVERGREENS can form the backbone of the garden as it is drought tolerant, FOR CENTRAL grows in sun or shade, is cold FLORIDA hardy, can be sheared for a hedge or grown loose as a specimen and also has attractive flowers vergreens are divided into two followed by an edible fruit. The groups: Broadleaf and needle. plant has recently been renamed, E Our concentration will be on the as many people will recognize it first group, as Leu Gardens is aware of as Feijoa. the vast variety of broadleaf evergreens Cocculus laurifolia, or available. A good number has been snailseed, is another good choice planted to show the visitor how they can for screening as the plant can get be used in the landscape. Most are easy to to be fifteen feet tall. Snailseed is grow, require little care and maintenance parviflorum, are both Florida natives, tolerant of almost any location, will and have a relatively long life span. grow five to fifteen feet tall and are used grow in sun or shade, needs little care One of the most important evergreens for hedges or large screens. The yellow and its glossy leaves provide a good at Leu Gardens is, of course, the camellia. anise has fragrant foliage backdrop for There are over 400 species and cultivars and pale greenish-yellow plants with throughout the Gardens in most areas flowers. The Florida anise lighter colored that provide dappled shade. Harry P. -
Screen Plants for TN Landscapes
SCREEN PLANTS FOR THE TN LANDSCAPE September 2020 Carol Reese, Regional Horticulture Extension Specialist Celeste Scott, UT Extension Agent Lucas Holman, TSU Extension Agent Jason Reeves, UT Gardens-Jackson Sustainable Screen Design Often we see a screen planting that consists of a straight line of a single species of plant. This approach is risky, the equivalent of putting all your eggs in one basket. In a scenario that has become all too common in the American landscape, plants considered highly adaptable and durable today can be susceptible to the introduction of a newly introduced pest or disease tomorrow. In a monoculture planting, the pest or disease can easily pass from plant to plant with catastrophic results. Potential for disaster also exists in a predictable pattern of just a couple of species. If just a plant or two dies, the disruption in the design shouts for attention, akin to a “missing tooth.” Consider an informal planting of a variety of plant species in natural-looking groups. The loss of a plant will not be obvious, and if replacements should be necessary, those would not need to “match” the plants still thriving. Varying species also allows the designer to select plants to meet specific siting criteria (sun, shade, drainage) that could vary across the planting site. Overtime, should any of the larger components of the screen begin to get leggy and sparse at their base, understory shrubs can fill these spaces. A diverse screen can offer seasonal interest, and provide shelter and nourishment for wildlife. A screen that doubles as good wildlife habitat can establish a healthy balance of predators to prey, helping with pest control, thus serving as an effective facet of integrated pest management. -
Holly - Ilex Sp
Holly - Ilex sp. General Information: Available in both evergreen and deciduous species, holly is grown for its toothed glossy green leaves and its showy berries, which are red in most popular varieties, but can also be a showy yellow. Holly can range from under one foot to over 80, and is found in both temperate and tropical regions. Both male and female plants are needed for fruiting. Family: Aquifoliaceae Lighting: Can tolerate both sun and shade, although semi-shade is preferable in midsummer. Increased light tends to produce dense foliage. Temperature: In general, evergreen varieties are hardy to zone 7, deciduous varieties to zone 5. Most varieties will require some frost protection, and all varieties should be sheltered from strong or cold winds. Watering: Needs a fair amount of water, especially before fruit production. Holly can be badly damaged by draught. Reduce watering in winter. Likes misting, unless it is in full sun. Feeding: Every two weeks during growth, using half strength liquid plant food, or bonsai food. Pruning and wiring: Cut back new shoots to the one or two nodes closest to the trunk. Branches can be very brittle, so shaping is best done by pruning rather than wiring. If wiring must be done, it is best to wire in spring- summer, taking care to protect the bark. Leaf pruning to reduce leaf size is possible. Suitable for all sizes and styles, although the evergreen varieties do not take as well to broom style. Ilex asprella has a tendency towards horzontal growth which must be compensated for; Ilex vomitoria, on the other hand, has a strong inclination to grow upwards. -
Immature Embryo Germination and Its Micropropagation of Ilex Crenata Thunb
PROPAGATION AND TISSUE CULTURE HORTSCIENCE 50(5):733–737. 2015. have a wide genetic base and they are the main source of new cultivars. Like most Ilex taxa, seed germination of ‘Sky Pencil’ is Immature Embryo Germination and Its inefficient as a result of low germination rate and long germination time. It usually takes Micropropagation of Ilex crenata 2–3 years to overcome the double dormancy of the hard, impermeable seedcoat and im- Thunb. mature embryos (Dirr and Heuser, 2006; Hu et al., 1979). Pretreatment at room tempera- Yujie Yang ture for 2 months followed by 3 months cold Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan stratification at 4 °C produced 90% germina- 410004, China; and Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia, tion (Dirr and Heuser, 2006). Breeding pro- grams using this protocol usually last many Athens, GA 30602 years. For more than 50 years, embryo Donglin Zhang culture techniques have been successfully applied to many crops to overcome seed Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 dormancy and shorten seed germination time Zhihui Li and Xiaoling Jin1 (Sharma et al., 1996). In vitro germination of immature embryos might be helpful to Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan shorten breeding cycles and accelerate the 410004, China breeding process. In vitro cultures, plant embryos are used as an important research Jinying Dong tool for rescuing rare hybrids (Li et al., 2014); Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 genetic manipulation (Udomdee et al., 2014); Additional index words. embryo culture, holly, plant regeneration, rooting, shoot proliferation, propagation of elite and disease-free germ- plasm and physiological, morphological and tissue culture anatomical studies (Abdolmohammadi et al., Abstract. -
Wa Shan – Emei Shan, a Further Comparison
photograph © Zhang Lin A rare view of Wa Shan almost minus its shroud of mist, viewed from the Abies fabri forested slopes of Emei Shan. At its far left the mist-filled Dadu River gorge drops to 500-600m. To its right the 3048m high peak of Mao Kou Shan climbed by Ernest Wilson on 3 July 1903. “As seen from the top of Mount Omei, it resembles a huge Noah’s Ark, broadside on, perched high up amongst the clouds” (Wilson 1913, describing Wa Shan floating in the proverbial ‘sea of clouds’). Wa Shan – Emei Shan, a further comparison CHRIS CALLAGHAN of the Australian Bicentennial Arboretum 72 updates his woody plants comparison of Wa Shan and its sister mountain, World Heritage-listed Emei Shan, finding Wa Shan to be deserving of recognition as one of the planet’s top hotspots for biological diversity. The founding fathers of modern day botany in China all trained at western institutions in Europe and America during the early decades of last century. In particular, a number of these eminent Chinese botanists, Qian Songshu (Prof. S. S. Chien), Hu Xiansu (Dr H. H. Hu of Metasequoia fame), Chen Huanyong (Prof. W. Y. Chun, lead author of Cathaya argyrophylla), Zhong Xinxuan (Prof. H. H. Chung) and Prof. Yung Chen, undertook their training at various institutions at Harvard University between 1916 and 1926 before returning home to estab- lish the initial Chinese botanical research institutions, initiate botanical exploration and create the earliest botanical gardens of China (Li 1944). It is not too much to expect that at least some of them would have had personal encounters with Ernest ‘Chinese’ Wilson who was stationed at the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard between 1910 and 1930 for the final 20 years of his life. -
Comparative Analysis and Phylogenetic Investigation of Hong
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Comparative analysis and phylogenetic investigation of Hong Kong Ilex chloroplast genomes Bobby Lim‑Ho Kong1,3, Hyun‑Seung Park2, Tai‑Wai David Lau1,3, Zhixiu Lin4, Tae‑Jin Yang2 & Pang‑Chui Shaw1,3* Ilex is a monogeneric plant group (containing approximately 600 species) in the Aquifoliaceae family and one of the most commonly used medicinal herbs. However, its taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships at the species level are debatable. Herein, we obtained the complete chloroplast genomes of all 19 Ilex types that are native to Hong Kong. The genomes are conserved in structure, gene content and arrangement. The chloroplast genomes range in size from 157,119 bp in Ilex gracilifora to 158,020 bp in Ilex kwangtungensis. All these genomes contain 125 genes, of which 88 are protein‑coding and 37 are tRNA genes. Four highly varied sequences (rps16-trnQ, rpl32-trnL, ndhD-psaC and ycf1) were found. The number of repeats in the Ilex genomes is mostly conserved, but the number of repeating motifs varies. The phylogenetic relationship among the 19 Ilex genomes, together with eight other available genomes in other studies, was investigated. Most of the species could be correctly assigned to the section or even series level, consistent with previous taxonomy, except Ilex rotunda var. microcarpa, Ilex asprella var. tapuensis and Ilex chapaensis. These species were reclassifed; I. rotunda was placed in the section Micrococca, while the other two were grouped with the section Pseudoaquifolium. These studies provide a better understanding of Ilex phylogeny and refne its classifcation. Ilex, a monogeneric plant group in the family Aquifoliaceae, is a widespread genus. -
AQUIFOLIACEAE 1. ILEX Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 125. 1753
AQUIFOLIACEAE 冬青科 dong qing ke Chen Shukun (陈书坤)1, Ma Haiying (马海英)2, Feng Yuxing (俸宇星)3; Gabrielle Barriera4, Pierre-André Loizeau4 Trees or shrubs, evergreen or deciduous. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite; leaf blade leathery, papery, or membranous, margin entire, serrate, or spinose; stipules minute, persistent or caducous, scar callose; petiole present, rarely absent. Inflorescence a cyme usually of order 1, 2, or 3(–5), respectively composed of a maximum of 1, 3, or 7(–31) developed flowers, axillary, solitary on current year’s branchlets or fasciculate on second year’s branchlets. Plants dioecious. Flowers hypogynous, regular, small, unisexual, by stamens or ovary abortive, 4–6(–23)-merous; calyx persistent; corolla often white or cream, rarely green, yellow, pink, or red; petals imbricate, mostly connate at base up to half of their length. Male flowers: calyx 4–8-lobed; petals 4–8; stamens isomerous, alternating with petals, epipetalous; anthers oblong-ovoid, introrse, longitudinally dehiscent; rudimentary ovary subglobose or pulvinate, rostrate. Female flowers: calyx 4–8-lobed; petals 4–8; staminodes sagittate or cordate, isomerous, alternating with petals, epipetalous; ovary superior, ovoid, 4–8(–10)-loculed, rarely pubescent; style rarely developed; stigma capitate, discoid, or columnar. Fruit a drupe, red, brown, or black (or green in Ilex chapaensis), usually globose; exocarp membranous or papery; mesocarp fleshy. Pyrenes (1–)4–6(–23); endocarp smooth, leathery, woody, or stony, striate, striate-sulcate, or rugose, and/or pitted. One genus and 500–600 species: tropical and subtropical to temperate regions of both the N and S Hemispheres, mainly in the tropical regions of Central and South America and Asia; 204 species (149 endemic) in China, distributed in regions south of the Chang Jiang and Qinling Mountains, mainly in S and SW China. -
Plants of the Seattle Japanese Garden 2020
PLANTS OF THE SEATTLE JAPANESE GARDEN 2020 Acknowledgments The SJG Plant Committee would like to thank our Seattle Parks and Recreation (SPR) gardeners and the Niwashi volunteers for their dedication to this garden. Senior gardener Peter Putnicki displays exceptional leadership and vision, and is fully engaged in garden maintenance as well as in shaping the garden’s evolution. Gardeners Miriam Preus, Andrea Gillespie and Peter worked throughout the winter and spring to ensure that the garden would be ready when the Covid19 restrictions permitted it to re-open. Like all gardens, the Seattle Japanese Garden is a challenging work in progress, as plants continue to grow and age and need extensive maintenance, or removal & replacement. This past winter, Pete introduced several new plants to the garden – Hydrangea macrophylla ‘Wedding Gown’, Osmanthus fragrans, and Cercidiphyllum japonicum ‘Morioka Weeping’. The Plant Committee is grateful to our gardeners for continuing to provide us with critical information about changes to the plant collection. The Plant Committee (Hiroko Aikawa, Maggie Carr, Sue Clark, Kathy Lantz, chair, Corinne Kennedy, Aleksandra Monk and Shizue Prochaska) revised and updated the Plant Booklet. This year we welcome four new members to the committee – Eleanore Baxendale, Joanie Clarke, Patti Brawer and Pamela Miller. Aleksandra Monk continues to be the chief photographer of the plants in the garden and posts information about plants in bloom and seasons of interest to the SJG Community Blog and related SJG Bloom Blog. Corinne Kennedy is a frequent contributor to the SJG website and published 2 articles in the summer Washington Park Arboretum Bulletin highlighting the Japanese Garden – Designed in the Stroll-Garden Style and Hidden Treasure of the Japanese Garden. -
Plant Inventory No. 173
Plant Inventory No. 173 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Washington, D.C., March 1969 UCED JANUARY 1 to DECEMBER 31, 1965 (N( >. 303628 to 310335) MAY 2 6 1969 CONTENTS Page Inventory 8 Index of common and scientific names 257 This inventory, No. 173, lists the plant material (Nos. 303628 to 310335) received by the New Crops Research Branch, Crops Research Division, Agricultural Research Service, during the period from January 1 to December 31, 1965. The inventory is a historical record of plant material introduced for Department and other specialists and is not to be considered as a list of plant ma- terial for distribution. The species names used are those under which the plant ma- terial was received. These have been corrected only for spelling, authorities, and obvious synonymy. Questions related to the names published in the inventory and obvious errors should be directed to the author. If misidentification is apparent, please submit an herbarium specimen with flowers and fruit for reidentification. HOWARD L. HYLAND Botanist Plant Industry Station Beltsville, Md. INVENTORY 303628. DIGITARIA DIDACTYLA Willd. var DECALVATA Henr. Gramineae. From Australia. Plants presented by the Commonwealth Scientific and In- dustrial Research Organization, Canberra. Received Jan. 8, 1965. Grown at West Ryde, Sydney. 303629. BRASSICA OLERACEA var. CAPITATA L. Cruciferae. Cabbage. From the Republic of South Africa. Seeds presented by Chief, Division of Plant and Seed Control, Department of Agricultural Technical Services, Pretoria. Received Jan. 11, 1965. Cabbage Number 20. 303630 to 303634. TRITICUM AESTIVUM L. Gramineae. From Australia. Seeds presented by the Agricultural College, Roseworthy. Received Jan. 11,1965. -
Abelia, Rose Creek Shrub Abelia
BOTANICAL NAME COMMON NAME TYPE Abelia chinensis 'Rose Creek' Abelia, Rose Creek Shrub Abelia 'Kaleidoscope' Abelia, Kaleidoscope Shrub Acanthus mollis Bear's Breeches Perennial Acer palmatum Maple, Japanese Tree Acer palmatum disectum 'Tamukeyama' Maple, Japanese, 'Tamukeyama' Tree Aechmea gamosepala 'Mardi Gras' Bromeliad, Mardi Gras Bromiliad Agarista populifolia Leucothoe, Florida Shrub Agave americana Century Plant Perennial Agave americana 'Variegata' Century Plant variegated Perennial Ageratum sp. Ageratum Perennial Ajuga reptans 'Bronze Beauty' Bugleweed, Bronze Beauty Groundcover Allium schoenoprasum Chives, onion Herb/Veggie Allium tuberosum Chives, garlic Herb/Veggie Aloe vera (barbadensis) Aloe, Burn plant Succulent Alpinia galanga Ginger, edible Herb/Veggie Alpinia zerumbet Ginger, Shell Ginger Anethum graveolens Dill, Bouquet Herb/Veggie Anethum graveolens 'Fernleaf' Dill, Fernleaf Herb/Veggie Arundina graminofolia Orchid, Bamboo Perennial Asclepia currassivica Butterfly Weed, Tropical Perennial Aspidistra elatior Cast Iron Plant Perennial Aspidistra elatior 'Asahi' Cast Iron Plant, Asahi Perennial Aspidistra 'Spektacular' Cast Iron Plant, Spektacular Perennial Aucuba japonica variegata 'Gold Dust' Aucuba, 'Gold Dust' Shrub Azalea 'Amelia Rose' Azalea, Evergreen, 'Amelia Rose' Shrub Azalea assorted Azalea, Evergreen (assorted) Shrub Azalea 'Astronaut' Azalea, Evergreen, 'Astronaut' Shrub Baleria cristata Philippine Violet, Purple Perennial Begonia Assorted Begonias, assorted Tropical Beschorneria septentrionalis Agave, False -
The Hemiptera-Sternorrhyncha (Insecta) of Hong Kong, China—An Annotated Inventory Citing Voucher Specimens and Published Records
Zootaxa 2847: 1–122 (2011) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Monograph ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2011 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) ZOOTAXA 2847 The Hemiptera-Sternorrhyncha (Insecta) of Hong Kong, China—an annotated inventory citing voucher specimens and published records JON H. MARTIN1 & CLIVE S.K. LAU2 1Corresponding author, Department of Entomology, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, U.K., e-mail [email protected] 2 Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, Cheung Sha Wan Road Government Offices, 303 Cheung Sha Wan Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong, e-mail [email protected] Magnolia Press Auckland, New Zealand Accepted by C. Hodgson: 17 Jan 2011; published: 29 Apr. 2011 JON H. MARTIN & CLIVE S.K. LAU The Hemiptera-Sternorrhyncha (Insecta) of Hong Kong, China—an annotated inventory citing voucher specimens and published records (Zootaxa 2847) 122 pp.; 30 cm. 29 Apr. 2011 ISBN 978-1-86977-705-0 (paperback) ISBN 978-1-86977-706-7 (Online edition) FIRST PUBLISHED IN 2011 BY Magnolia Press P.O. Box 41-383 Auckland 1346 New Zealand e-mail: [email protected] http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ © 2011 Magnolia Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored, transmitted or disseminated, in any form, or by any means, without prior written permission from the publisher, to whom all requests to reproduce copyright material should be directed in writing. This authorization does not extend to any other kind of copying, by any means, in any form, and for any purpose other than private research use.