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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE April 24, 1997

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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE April 24, 1997 S3570 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD Ð SENATE April 24, 1997 We will have the ability to decide knownÐhas been seen as a singular ers, or proto-nuclear powers, has grown any information that we will exchange evil giving rise to a singular cause for somewhat. But only somewhat: around with other countries. That has been a international sanctions. 10 in a world with some 185 members of confusion about this treaty, Mr. Presi- In May 1899, Czar Nicholas II of Rus- the United Nations. And never since dent, that needs to be cleared up. sia convened a peace conference at The 1945 has a single atomic weapon been When all the debate is concluded at Hague in Holland. Twenty-six coun- used in warfare. the end of the day today, I believe it tries attended and agreed upon three The Chemical Weapons Convention serves our national interest to go conventions and three declarations incorporates the advances in inter- ahead and ratify the treaty. I believe it concerning the laws of war. Declara- national law and cooperation of which will contribute to a more peaceful tion II, On Asphyxiating or Deleterious I have spoken; it extends them. Its in- world. Like all treaties, it lacks perfec- Gases stated: spections can be more effective than tion. But the acid test is: Will this gen- The Contracting Parties agree to abstain the IAEA because of the ability to con- eration of Americans and future gen- from the use of projectiles the sole object of duct challenge inspections when viola- erations of Americans be less likely to which is the diffusion of asphyxiating or del- tions of the CWC are suspected. confront chemical weapons on the bat- eterious gases. If the Senate should failÐand it will tlefield or in a civilian context if this Article 23 of the Annex to the Con- not failÐto adopt the resolution of treaty is ratified? In my view, it is vention added: ratification, it would be the first rejec- clear that they will be less likely to In addition to the prohibitions provided by tion of such a treaty since the Senate confront chemical weapons if we go special Conventions, it is especially forbid- in 1919 rejected the Treaty of Ver- ahead today. I hope very much my col- den: sailles, with its provision for the estab- leagues will join in supporting the (a) To employ poison or poisoned weapons lishment of the League of Nations. It treaty. *** would be only the 18th treaty rejected Mr. President, I yield the floor and Our own Theodore Roosevelt called by the Senate in the history of the Re- suggest the absence of a quorum. for a second peace conference which public. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The time convened in 1907. This time, 45 coun- Every living Chairman of the Joint of the Senator has expired. tries were in attendance at The Hague, Chiefs of Staff over the past 20 years Will the Senator withhold the and reiterated the Declaration on As- has called for ratification of the Chem- quorum request? phyxiating Gases and the article 23 ical Weapons Convention. Mr. BINGAMAN. I withhold. prohibition on poisoned weapons. Our beloved former colleague, Sen- f The Hague Conventions notwith- ator Bob Dole, has given his support standing, poison gas was used in World and asked us to do what I think we can RECESS UNTIL 10:30 A.M. FOR A War I. Of all the events of the First only describe as our duty. The Presi- CLOSED SESSION IN THE OLD World War, a war from which this cen- dent pleads. SENATE CHAMBER tury has not yet fully recovered, none Here I would note a distinction. In The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under so horrified mankind as gas warfare. 1919, Woodrow Wilson could have had the previous order, the Senate will re- No resolve ever was as firm as that of the Versailles Treaty, we could have cess and reconvene at the hour of 10:30 the nations of the world, after that joined the League of Nations, if only he a.m., in the Old Senate Chamber. war, to prevent gas warfare from ever had been willing to make a modicum of Thereupon, the Senate, at 10:22 a.m., happening again. concessions to then-chairman of the recessed under the previous order and Declaring something to be violation Foreign Relations Committee and ma- reconvened in closed session at 10:32 of international law does not solve a jority leader, Henry Cabot Lodge of a.m., in the Old Senate Chamber; problem, but it does provide those of us Massachusetts. Wilson was too stub- whereupon, at 12:50 p.m., the Senate re- who adhere to laws mechanisms by born; in truth, and it pains an old Wil- cessed the closed session, and the Sen- which to address violations of them. In sonian to say so, too blind. Nothing ate reassembled in open session, under June 1925, the Protocol for the Prohibi- such can be said of President Clinton. the previous order, at 1 p.m., when tion of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, In a month of negotiations with the called to order by the Presiding Officer Poisonous or Other Gases, and of Bac- current chairman of the Foreign Rela- (Mr. ENZI). teriological Methods of Warfare was tions Committee and the current Re- f signed in Geneva. This reaffirmed the publican leader, the administration has CHEMICAL WEAPONS CONVENTION Hague prohibition and added biological reached agreement on 28 of 33 condi- weapons to the declaration. tions. Only five proved unacceptable. The Senate continued with the con- In the Second World War that fol- And, indeed, sir, they are. The Presi- sideration of the convention. lowed, such was the power of that com- dent could not in turn ratify a treaty The PRESIDING OFFICER. The mitment that gas was not used in Eu- with those conditions. pending business before the Senate is rope. It was expected, but it did not Again to draw a parallel with 1919. ratification of the Chemical Weapons happen. During consideration of the Treaty of Convention. Then came the atom bomb and a new, Versailles, the Senate was divided into The Senator from North Carolina has even more important development in three primary camps: those who sup- 1 hour and 20 minutes. The Senator warfare. In time it, too, would be the ported the treaty; those who opposed from Delaware has 46 minutes. Mr. HELMS. Mr. President, I yield 7 subject of international conventions. the treaty, no matter what shape or minutes to my friend from New York. As part of the peace settlement that form it might takeÐknown as The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- followed World War II, President Roo- ``irreconcilables'' or ``bitter enders''Ð ator from New York. sevelt, with the British, Chinese, and and those who wanted some changes to Mr. MOYNIHAN. I thank the Chair. French, set up the United Nations. In the treaty, most importantly led by May I ask my good friend if he didn't 1957, within the U.N. system, the Inter- Senator Lodge. wish that the time be charged to the national Atomic Energy Agency was There are some modern day Senator from Delaware? established. The new agency fielded an irreconcilables who oppose this Treaty The PRESIDING OFFICER. The time extraordinary new device, inter- for the same reason they eschew inter- will be charged to the Senator from national inspectors, who began inspect- national law: viewing it as an assertion Delaware. ing weapons facilities around the world of what nice people do. Such a view re- Mr. MOYNIHAN. I thank the Chair. I to ensure compliance. This was en- duces a magisterial concept that there thank my dear friend, the chairman. hanced by the Nuclear Non-Prolifera- will be enforced standards to a form of Mr. President, I rise in support of the tion Treaty (NPT), which came into wishful thinking. A position which resolution of ratification. I will take force in 1970, allowing inspectors to runs counter to a century of effort. just a moment of the Senate's time to monitor declared nuclear sites. This Today I would appeal to those Repub- put this matter in a historical context. was an unheard of compromise of tradi- licans who might compare themselves Since its development by 19th cen- tional sovereignty. It has not worked with Senator Lodge. Unlike 1919, this tury chemists, poison gasÐas it was perfectly. The number of nuclear pow- President has heard your concerns and April 24, 1997 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD Ð SENATE S3571 worked carefully to address them in is still unknown about chemical weap- only superpower and leader in the fight the form the resolution of ratification ons use in the gulf and there is great for world peace, we must be out front containing 28 conditions which is now concern throughout the Minnesota vet- on this convention. before the Senate. erans community. I've seen the tragic This treaty itself has a very interest- To fail to ratify the CWC would put effects of this when I've met with gulf ing and solid bipartisan history as well us on the side of the rogue states and war veterans who went to the gulf in as strong popular support, and I am relieve them of any pressure to ratify perfect health but became seriously ill mystified as to why some of my col- the convention themselves. As Mat- after they returned. While many are leagues want to reject a treaty for thew Nimitz has argued, the United uncertain about the causes of their ill- which we are largely responsible.
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