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Geology and Mineral Resources of the Santa Catalina Mountains, Southeastern Arizona: a Cross-Sectional Approach

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Geology and Mineral Resources of the Santa Catalina Mountains, Southeastern Arizona: a Cross-Sectional Approach Geology and mineral resources of the Santa Catalina Mountains, southeastern Arizona: a cross-sectional approach Authors Force, E.R. Citation Force, E.R., 1997, Geology and mineral resources of the Santa Catalina Mountains, southeastern Arizona: a cross-sectional approach. University of Arizona Center for Mineral Resources, Monograph in Mineral Resource Science, 145-p, two map plates. Publisher Arizona Geological Survey (Tucson, AZ) Rights Reproduced here with the permission of the author, Eric R. Force, and Mark Barton, representing the Univ. of Arizona Center for Mineral Resources. F.M. Conway (24 June 2020). Download date 09/10/2021 22:36:00 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/641989 Center for Mineral Resources Gould-Simpson Building The University of Arizona Tucson,Arizona 85721 Presentation copyright @ by The Arizona Board of Regents Published 1997 Printed in the United States of America The Center grants permission for a single photocopy of parts of this volume for research or non-commercial education purposes. Other photocopy rights are reserved. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Force, Eric R. Geology and mineral resources of the Santa Catalina Mountains, southeastern Arizona: a cross-sectional approach/ Eric R. Force ; with sections by Daniel M. Unruh and Robert J. Kamilli. p. cm. - (Monographs in mineral resource science ; no. 1) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN (paper): 0-9661233-1-X 1. Geology-Arizona-Santa Catalina Mountains. 2. Mines and mineral resources--Arizona-Santa Catalina Mountains. I. Title. II. Series. QE86.S42F67 1997 557.91'77-dc21 97-31863 CIP MONOGRAPHS INMINERAL RESOURCE SCIENCE Text format: Joanne M. Newcomb Plate 1 format: Susan Tingley The Center for Mineral Resources is a joint venture of the Geoscience Department of The University of Arizona and the U.S. Geological Survey,for the purpose of furthering collaborative research in mineral resource science. To this end, its Monograph Series publishes extended original studies of topics in the scientific and societal aspects of mineral resources. The scope is international. The goal is to provide a venue for high-quality, timely, and affordable presentation, either of single-component studies or multi-component studies linked by a common theme, including color maps. Submissions should be entirely digitial and with documented previous reviews. More information can be obtained from the Center for Mineral Resources, The University of Arizona, Gould-Simpson Building, Tucson,Arizona, 85721. Distributed by The University of Arizona Press, 1230 N. Park Avenue, Suite 102, Tucson, Arizona 85719. Printed on acid-free paper. Contents Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Physiography 2 Geologic Setting 3 Previous Mapping 4 Published Mapping 4 Thesis and Dissertation Maps 5 Conceptual Studies 6 This Study 6 Acknowledgements 7 Description of Rock Units 7 Older Precambrian (Early to Middle Proterozoic) Rocks 7 Pinal Schist 7 Oracle Granite and Related Rocks 8 Summary of Older Precambrian Rocks 11 Younger Precambrian (Middle Proterozoic) Rocks-Apache Group and Diabase 11 Pioneer Formation 11 Dripping Spring Quartzite 14 Mescal Limestone 16 Diabase 16 Probable Late Proterozoic Unit 18 Campo Bonito Formation (new) 18 Paleozoic Sedimentary Rocks 20 Bolsa Quartzite 21 Abrigo Formation 21 Mt. LemmonUnit (informal) 23 Martin Formation 23 Escabrosa Limestone 24 Naco Group 25 Sedimentary and Volcanic Rocks of Mesozoic and Tertiary Age 26 Probable Bisbee Group 26 American Flag Formation 27 Probable American Flag Formation near San Manuel 29 Mid- and Upper-Tertiary Units 29 Plutonic Igneous Rocks of Mesozoic and Tertiary Age 31 Leatherwood Granodiorite 31 Porphyries of Rice Peak 35 Porphyries of San Manuel 37 Leucocratic Granites of the Wilderness Suite 39 Knagge Granite (informal) 48 Catalina Granite (suite) 48 Other Young Igneous Rocks 49 Surficial Units 50 Colluvial and Landslide Deposits 50 Alluvium 50 Metamorphism and Related Fabrics 50 Precambrian Metamorphism of Pinal Schist 51 Laramide Dynamothermal Metamorphism 51 Intrusion-Related Metamorphism 52 Skarns and Related Rocks 52 High-Temperature Aureoles 53 Mid-Tertiary Mylonitization 54 Mid-Turtiary Hornfels 56 Structures and Structural Evolution 56 Forerange and Southern Main Range 56 Laramide Deformation 56 iv Contents Mylonitization 56 Sabino and Bear Canyon Faults 59 Romero Pass Fault Zone 60 Catalina Detachment Fault 61 Structural Restoration 62 Range Crest to Geesaman Fault 63 Folding 64 Pre-Leatherwood Faults 65 Post-Leatherwood to Syn-Wilderness Faults 68 Younger Faults 69 Structural Restoration 69 Geesaman to Mogul Fault 71 Laramide Structures 72 Tertiary Structures 74 Structural Restoration 74 North of Mogul Fault 77 Cloudburst-Turtle Detachment System 77 Mammoth Vein-Fault 78 San Manuel and Coeval Faults 79 Basin-Range Faults 80 Structural Restoration 81 Mineral Resources 83 District Summaries 83 Mammoth District 83 San Manuel (+Kalamazoo) District 83 American Flag District 83 Campo Bonito District 83 Southern Belle District 83 Deposits along Geesaman Fault 84 Marble Peak District 84 Non-Metallic Deposits 84 Age and Origin of Deposits 84 Distribution of Mineralization 85 Areal 85 Stratigraphic 85 Summary of Mineral Resource Potential 86 Synopsis 86 Stratigraphy 86 Intrusions 87 Metamorphism and Fabrics 88 Structure 88 Mineral Resources 89 Discussion of Deformation-Intrusion History 89 Laramide 89 Eocene 90 Mid-Tertiary 90 Late Tertiary 92 Conclusions on Regional Context 92 Porphyry Geochronology and Geochemistryby Daniel M. Unruh 94 Purpose 94 San Manuel Porphyry 94 Zircon Morphology 95 Analyses of Ff 84 96 Analyses of Ff 62 97 Petrogenetic Conclusions 98 Rice Peak Porphyry 98 Zircon Morphology 98 Analyses 99 Petrogenetic Conclusions 100 Contents v Fluid Inclusion Studies of the Mammoth Deposit by Robert J. Kamilli 101 Introduction 101 Paragenesis 101 Fluid Inclusion Studies 101 Methods 101 General Observations and Crushing Studies 102 Freezing Studies 102 Filling Temperatures 102 Depth of Mineralization 104 Discussion 104 Stage 4 Temperatures 104 1\vo Hydrothermal Fluids? 104 Origin of Hydrothermal Fluids 104 Is the Mammoth Deposit a Detachment Fault-Related Deposit? 106 Suggested Further Work 106 Conclusions 106 Acknowledgements 106 Appendix I-Description of Mineral Deposits 107 Mammoth District 107 Prospects Related to San Manuel Fault 111 San Manuel (+Kalamazoo) District 111 American Flag District 112 Campo Bonito District 113 Southern Belle District 114 Mary West (3C Ranch) Mine 115 Lower Nugget Canyon Prospect 115 Other Deposits between Mogul and Geesaman Faults 116 Deposits along Geesaman Fault 116 Marble Peak District 116 Knagge Mine 119 Other Workings 119 Mineral Resource Potential 119 Metallic Deposits 119 Non-Metallic Deposits 121 Appendix 2-Locality Descriptions 122 References Cited 132 Plates 1. Geologic map, cross-sections, and distribution of other geologic features, part of Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona (1:48,000). 2. A. Geologicmap and cross-section (1:12,000) of the American Flag Formation near Nugget Canyon. B. Geologic map (1:12,000) of the Marble Peak area. C. Geologic map (1:12,000) of the Campo Bonito and Southern Belle districts. Figures 1. Relation of the Santa Catalina Mountains to core complexes of Arizona and California 2 2. Location map showing the study area transect relative to nearby settlements and physiographic features 2 3. Index map showing quadrangles, previous mapping, and main mining districts 2 vi Contents 4. Photograph of the south-facing escarpment of the main range of the Catalinas 3 5. Photograph looking along the alined valleys occupied by the Romero Pass fault zone in Sabino basin 3 6. Map showing the study area relative to basin and range structure, mylonitic core complexes, detachment faults, and mid-Tertiary extension directions 3 7. Simplified stratigraphic column for the study area 4 8. Total effects of Proterozoic through Eocene intrusions in the study area, shown in composite form 4 9. Summary map showing some major features of the Catalina range 5 10. Catalina forerange from the west, showing flatirons in south limb of forerange anticline 5 11. Pinal Schist in Alder Canyon, showing folded quartz segregations 8 12. Pinal Schist and unconformably overlying Scanlan Conglomerate Member of Pioneer Formation with stretched pebbles 8 13. Porphyritic texture of Oracle Granite from the type region 9 14. Oblique view of the Lariat anticline east of Oracle Ridge 10 15. Xenoliths of deformed Oracle Granite in little-deformed Wilderness granite 10 16. Unconformity between underlying Oracle Granite and overlying Scanlan Conglomerate Member of Pioneer Formation 11 17. Unconformity of Scanlan Conglomerate Member of Pioneer Formation on Pinal Schist 12 18. Sandy cross-bedded Pioneer Formation middle member in Atchley Canyon 12 19. Typical laminated siltstone of the upper part of the Pioneer Formation 13 20. Specimen of silty slate in upper Pioneer Formation fromJuanito Spring 13 21. Diagrammatic map of relations among Apache Group, Precambrian diabase, and Rice Peak porphyry 14 22. Welded ash-flow tuffwith quartz eyes in the upper part of the Pioneer Formation, from Corregedor mine area 14 23. Photomicrograph of ash-flowtuff from the upper Pioneer Formation 14 24. Sandstone layer at base of Barnes Conglomerate Member of the Dripping Spring Quartzite, fromcanyon below Mary West mine 15 25. Cross-bedding in Dripping Spring Quartzite, from Atchley Canyon 15 26. Mudcracks in argillite beds of upper Dripping Spring Quartzite, from the canyon below
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