DOCSLIB.ORG

Hydraulic Fracturing Study Inglewood Field

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Hydraulic Fracturing Study Inglewood Field Hydraulic Fracturing Study PXP Inglewood Oil Field October 10, 2012 Prepared For Plains Exploration & Production Company Hydraulic Fracturing Study PXP Inglewood Oil Field October 10, 2012 Prepared for Plains Exploration & Production Company 5640 South Fairfax Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90056 and Los Angeles County, Department of Regional Planning 320 West Temple Street, Los Angeles, CA 90012 Prepared by Cardno ENTRIX 10940 Wilshire Blvd, Suite 1525, Los Angeles, CA 90024 Tel 424 832 1303 Fax 424 248 2101 Toll-free 800 368 7511 www.cardnoentrix.com Hydraulic Fracturing Study PXP Inglewood Oil Field Table of Contents Executive Summary ..................................................................................................................................................... 1 ES.1 Hydraulic Fracturing Study Objectives ................................................................. 1 ES.2 Summary of Findings............................................................................................. 2 ES.3 Oil Production in the Los Angeles Basin and the Inglewood Oil Field ................. 4 ES.4 Well Drilling and Completion ............................................................................... 6 ES.5 Summary of Past and Future Hydraulic Fracturing and High-Rate Gravel Packing at the Inglewood Oil Field ....................................................................... 9 ES.6 Monitoring Conducted During Hydraulic Fracturing and High-Rate Gravel Packing at Inglewood Oil Field ............................................................... 13 ES.7 Regulatory Perspective on the Inglewood Oil Field ............................................ 22 Chapter 1 Introduction................................................................................................................................... 1-1 Chapter 2 Oil Production in the Los Angeles Basin and at the Inglewood Oil Field ............................... 2-1 2.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 2-1 2.2 Petroleum Geology of the Los Angeles Basin .................................................... 2-5 2.3 Petroleum Production in the Los Angeles Basin ................................................ 2-6 2.4 Petroleum Geology and Production at the Inglewood Oil Field ......................... 2-7 2.4.1 Inglewood Oil Field Geology ................................................................ 2-8 2.4.2 Petroleum Producing Zones ................................................................. 2-21 2.5 Future of Oil and Gas Development in the Los Angeles Basin ........................ 2-23 Chapter 3 Hydraulic Fracturing at Inglewood Oil Field: Past, Present, and Future ................................. 3-1 3.1 Oil and Gas Well Drilling, Including Hydraulic Fracturing Completions .......... 3-1 3.1.1 Drilling, Casing, and Cementing ........................................................... 3-2 3.1.2 Hydraulic Fracturing as a Completion Technique ................................. 3-4 3.2 Hydraulic Fracturing at the Inglewood Oil Field ................................................ 3-9 3.2.1 Conventional Hydraulic Fracturing ....................................................... 3-9 3.2.2 High-Volume Hydraulic Fracturing ..................................................... 3-12 3.2.3 Images from January 2012 Completion Operations ............................ 3-20 3.3 Gravel Packs at the Inglewood Oil Field .......................................................... 3-24 3.3.1 Past Gravel Packs ................................................................................ 3-25 3.3.2 Recent High-Rate Gravel Pack Completions ....................................... 3-29 3.4 Anticipated Future Use of Hydraulic Fracturing and Gravel Packing at the Inglewood Oil Field .......................................................................................... 3-31 October 2012 Cardno ENTRIX Table of Contents i Hydraulic Fracturing Study_Inglewood Field_10102012.docx Hydraulic Fracturing Study PXP Inglewood Oil Field Chapter 4 Environmental Effects Monitored in Conjunction with Hydraulic Fracturing Tests ............... 4-1 4.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 4-1 4.2 Hydrogeology, Water Quantity and Quality ....................................................... 4-1 4.2.1 Geologic Control on the Distribution of Groundwater-Bearing Zones...................................................................................................... 4-1 4.2.2 Hydrogeology ........................................................................................ 4-8 4.2.3 Water Quality ....................................................................................... 4-10 4.2.4 Groundwater Monitoring Associated with High-Volume Hydraulic Fracturing ............................................................................ 4-13 4.2.5 Surface Water ...................................................................................... 4-17 4.2.6 Sources of Drinking Water to the Local Community .......................... 4-17 4.2.7 Water Supply Concerns Related to Shale Gas Development Elsewhere in the United States ............................................................ 4-19 4.3 Containment of Hydraulic Fractures to the Desired Zone ................................ 4-24 4.4 Well Integrity .................................................................................................... 4-26 4.5 Slope Stability, Subsidence, Ground Movement, Seismicity ........................... 4-28 4.5.1 Slope Stability ...................................................................................... 4-28 4.5.2 Subsidence ........................................................................................... 4-29 4.5.3 Monitoring of Ground Movement ....................................................... 4-29 4.5.4 Vibration and Seismicity During Hydraulic Fracturing ....................... 4-30 4.5.5 Induced Seismicity and Additional Seismic Monitoring During Hydraulic Fracturing ............................................................................ 4-30 4.5.6 Potential for Induced Seismicity at Other Areas in the United States .................................................................................................... 4-32 4.6 Methane ............................................................................................................ 4-36 4.6.1 Subsurface Occurrence of Methane ..................................................... 4-36 4.6.2 Regulatory Framework for Methane .................................................... 4-37 4.6.3 Gas Monitoring Prior to Hydraulic Fracturing at the Inglewood Oil Field ............................................................................................... 4-40 4.6.4 Gas Monitoring After High-Volume Hydraulic Fracturing ................. 4-40 4.6.5 Groundwater Monitoring for Methane after Hydraulic Fracturing ...... 4-42 4.6.6 Methane Emissions and Climate Change ............................................ 4-43 4.7 Other Emissions to Air ..................................................................................... 4-44 4.8 Noise and Vibration .......................................................................................... 4-50 4.9 Los Angeles County Department of Public Health Study ................................ 4-54 4.9.1 Mortality .............................................................................................. 4-55 4.9.2 Low Birth Weight ................................................................................ 4-55 ii Table of Contents Cardno ENTRIX October 2012 Hydraulic Fracturing Study_Inglewood Field_10102012.docx Hydraulic Fracturing Study PXP Inglewood Oil Field 4.9.3 Birth Defects ........................................................................................ 4-56 4.9.4 Cancer .................................................................................................. 4-56 4.9.5 Community Survey .............................................................................. 4-56 4.9.6 Health Assessment Limitations and Recommendations ...................... 4-57 Chapter 5 Regulatory Framework ................................................................................................................. 5-1 5.1 Introduction: Local Source of Energy in the Context of Community Concerns ............................................................................................................. 5-1 5.2 Regulatory Framework and Government-Sponsored Reviews of Hydraulic Fracturing ........................................................................................... 5-2 5.3 California Regulations ........................................................................................ 5-3 5.3.1 DOGGR Regulations ............................................................................. 5-3 5.3.2 Baldwin Hills Community Standards District ....................................... 5-4 5.3.3 Proposed California Regulations ........................................................... 5-4 5.4 Federal Regulations and Studies ......................................................................... 5-5 5.4.1 Federal Regulations ............................................................................... 5-5 5.4.2 Federal Studies ......................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Phase Ii Environmental Site Assessment
    PHASE II ENVIRONMENTAL SITE ASSESSMENT Proposed Science and Technology Center Beverly Hills High School 241 Moreno Drive Beverly Hills, California 90212 Prepared for: Beverly Hills Unified School District c/o The JCM Group 255 South Lasky Drive Beverly Hills, California 90212 Attention: Howard Weissberger Prepared by: UltraSystems Environmental 100 Pacifica, Suite 250 Irvine, CA 92618 July 2004 PROJECT NO. 5083 PROFESSIONAL CERTIFICATION PHASE II ENVIRONMENTAL SITE ASSESSMENT Proposed Science and Technology Center Beverly Hills High School 241 Moreno Drive Beverly Hills, California 90212 This document was prepared by: July 2, 2004 Signature Date Dan Herlihy Registered Geologist No. 4388 Certified Hydrogeologist No. 108 Certified Engineering Geologist No. 1378 Registered Environmental Assessor No. REA-00224 This document was reviewed and approved by: July 2, 2004 Signature Date Betsy Lindsay President/CEO STATEMENT OF LIMITATIONS The services described in this document were performed in a manner consistent with the agreement with the client and in accordance with generally accepted professional consulting principles and practices. Opinions and recommendations contained in this document apply to conditions existing at certain locations when services were performed and are intended only for the specific purposes, locations, time frames, and project parameters indicated. We cannot be responsible for the impact of any changes in environmental standards, practices, or regulations after performance of services. Any use or modification of this document by a third party is expressly prohibited without a written, specific authorization from the client and author(s). Such authorization will require a signed waiver and release agreement. This document is issued with the understanding that the client, the property owner, or its representative is responsible for ensuring that the information, conclusions and recommendations contained herein are brought to the attention of the appropriate regulatory agencies, as required.
    [Show full text]
  • The Oil Fields of the Los Angeles Basin Westside to Downtown
    The Oil Fields of the Los Angeles Basin Westside to Downtown 5 4 8 1 3 6 9 2 10 7 The area extending from the 405 freeway to downtown is the most urbanized oil field in the nation. The region, spanning 13 miles, overlies a chain of 11 oil fields, where more than two million barrels of oil are extracted annually, from wells that are hidden within the urban fabric. It is here that the industry has evolved some of the most unusual characteristics of blending into a changing land, a sort of industrial disappearing act. 1 Sawtelle Oil Field Sawtelle Oil Field is accessed through just one surface site, located next to the 405 freeway, on the grounds of the Veterans surface seeps, such as those at the La Brea Tar Pits, led to its early development, in 1903. At its production peak in 1908, it Administration campus on the west side of Los Angeles. 178,000 barrels of oil were produced here in 2008, through 18 active produced 4.5 million barrels of oil. Its output is now small (just over 50,000 barrels per year), and instead of being covered in wells on site, some as deep as two miles down. The Brietburn Energy Company, a company that specializes in working the hundreds of derricks, is accessed nearly invisibly through a multiple, directional well location, behind a fence, on the west side urban fields of Los Angeles, purchased the site in 2007. of the Beverly Center mall. 2 Cheviot Hills Oil Field 6 South Salt Lake Oil Field The oil in the Cheviot Hills Field is accessed through well sites located on two separate golf courses, the Rancho Park Golf This is a small field south of the Salt Lake Field, with no active wells on top of it.
    [Show full text]
  • (BHC) Will Be Held Friday, September 25, 2020 10:00 AM - 12:00 PM
    BALDWIN HILLS CONSERVANCY NOTICE OF PUBLIC MEETING The meeting of the Baldwin Hills Conservancy (BHC) will be held Friday, September 25, 2020 10:00 AM - 12:00 PM Pursuant to Executive Order N-29-20 issued by Governor Gavin Newsom on March 17, 2020, certain provisions of the Bagley Keene Open Meeting Act are suspended due to a State of Emergency in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Consistent with the Executive Order, this public meeting will be conducted by teleconference and internet, with no public locations. Members of the public may dial into the teleconference and or join the meeting online at Zoom. Please click the link below to join the webinar: https://ca-water-gov.zoom.us/j/91443309377 Or Telephone, Dial: USA 214 765 0479 USA 8882780296 (US Toll Free) Conference code: 596019 Materials for the meeting will be available at the Conservancy website on the Meetings & Notices tab in advance of the meeting date. 10:00 AM - CALL TO ORDER – Keshia Sexton, Chair MEETING AGENDA PUBLIC COMMENTS ON AGENDA OR NON-AGENDA ITEMS SHOULD BE SUBMITTED BEFORE ROLL CALL Public Comment and Time Limits: Members of the public can make comments in advance by emailing [email protected] or during the meeting by following the moderator’s directions on how to indicate their interest in speaking. Public comment will be taken prior to action on agenda items and at the end of the meeting for non-agenda items. Individuals wishing to comment will be allowed up to three minutes to speak. Speaking times may be reduced depending upon the number of speakers.
    [Show full text]
  • Into the Heart of Screenland Culver City, California
    INTO THE HEART OF SCREENLAND CULVER CITY, CALIFORNIA AN INEXHAUSTIVE INVESTIGATION OF URBAN CONTENT THE CENTER FOR LAND USE INTERPRETATION CENTER E FO H R T L A N N O I D T U A S T E RE INTERP THE HEART OF SCREENLAND “The Heart of Screenland” is the official city motto for Culver City, an incorporated city of 40,000 people in the midst of the megalopolis of Los Angeles. “All roads lead to Culver City,” its founder, Harry Culver, once said. All roads indeed. Culver built the city from scratch starting in 1913, selecting a location that was halfway between downtown Los Angeles and the beach community of Venice, at the crossroads of a now long-gone regional public trolley system. Culver City quickly became home to several movie studios, some of which disappeared, others which still dominate the scene. Hal Roach’s Laurel and Hardy comedies, shot on Main Street, captured the town in the 1920s, and Andy Griffith’s everytown of Mayberry was broadcast from the city’s backlots to screens across America. In the 1950s, the city modernized. Its original Main Street was upstaged by a new Culver Center shopping area, a few blocks west. The studios turned to television, and the 1950s became the 1960s. In the 1970s the studio backlots were filled in with housing and office parks, as homogenization flooded the Los Angeles basin, turning Culver CIty into part of the continuous urban suburb. In the 1990s, the city’s efforts to restore its identity and its downtown Into the Heart of Screenland: Culver City, California An Inexhaustive Investigation of Urban Content came together, beginning a rebirth of the Heart of Screenland.
    [Show full text]
  • California State University, Northridge the Geology Of
    CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, NORTHRIDGE THE GEOLOGY OF THE INNER BASIN MARGIN, NEWPORT BEACH TO DANA POINT, ORANGE COUNTY, CALIFORNIA A thesis submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Geology by Stephen Charles Sterling January, 1982 The Thesis of Stephen Charles Sterling is approved: California State University, Northridge i i CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION 1 General Statement 1 Geographic Setting Bathymetric Setting 2 Previous Investigations 2 METHODS AND PROCEDURES 7 General Statement 7 Navigation 10 Velocity Analysis 10 Velocity Functions 11 Depth Migration 13 Ac know l edgemen ts 13 GEOLOGIC SETTING 15 REGIONAL STRATIGRAPHY 23 General Statement 23 Basement 23 Superjacent Rocks 26 Jurassic-Early Miocene 26 Middle to Late Miocene 27 Pliocene 32 Pleistocene 36 Holocene 37 SEISMIC STRATIGRAPHY 38 General Statement 38 iii Page Basement 38 r1i ocene 39 Pliocene 43 ONSHORE STRUCTURE 48 OFFSHORE STRUCTURE 52 General Statement 52 Faults 52 The Newport-Inglewood Fault Zone 52 Other Faults 58 Structural Highs and Lows 61 Correlation of Onshore-Offshore Geologic Features 63 NEOGENE EVOLUTION OF THE INNER BASIN MARGIN 67 General Statement 67 Pre-depositional Events 67 Neogene Events 69 Depositional History 69 Structural Evolution 73 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 75 REFERENCES 80 iv LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Page .,.. l. Location of study area 4 2. Bathymetry of the inner basin margin 5 3. Tracklines of common depth point seismic lines in the study area 9 4. Major structural blocks of the Los Angeles basin 17 5. Location of geologic features referred to in text 19 6. Composite sections showing regional correlation of units 24 7.
    [Show full text]
  • Initial Study
    (310) 253-5710 • FAX (310) 253-5721 9770 CULVER BOULEVARD, CULVER CITY, CALIFORNIA 90232-0507 INITIAL STUDY Project Title: 11111 Jefferson Boulevard Mixed-Use Project Preliminary Project Review Number: PPR P2019-0242 Project Location: The Project Site is bounded by Jefferson Boulevard to the east, Machado Road to the north and Sepulveda Boulevard to the west in the Studio Village community. Generally located at 11111 Jefferson Boulevard, Culver City, California, 90230. Project Sponsor: Jefferson Park LLC Project Description: The 3.43-acre (149,553 square feet [sf]) Project Site, is located at the southern corner of the Studio Village neighborhood of Culver City (City). The Project Site is currently developed with three single-story commercial buildings, surface parking, a parking lot that serves the proximate Exceptional Children’s Foundation (ECF), and landscaping. The Project would construct 230 residential dwelling units, 19 of which would be affordable to very low income households, for a total of 244,609 sf of residential area (including the residential lobby and amenity room); 55,050 sf of ground floor retail area, including a 38,600 sf market, 10,600 sf of restaurants and café, 3,900 sf of retail spaces, and a 1,950 sf gym; and 11,450 sf of second floor office uses within a five story building. The building would be constructed atop one level of subterranean vehicular parking, with parking also provided on the first and second floor of the building. There would be a total of 653 parking stalls (308 stalls for residential, 311 stalls for commercial, and 34 spaces for an off-site use, the ECF).
    [Show full text]
  • Tapping out in Culver City: Re-Envisioning the Inglewood Oil Field
    TAPPING OUT IN CULVER CITY: RE-ENVISIONING THE INGLEWOOD OIL FIELD A comprehensive project submitted in partial fulfillment of the graduation requirements for the degree Master in Urban and Regional Planning Report by: Lingjing Angel Chen and Erika Pinto June 2020 DISCLAIMER This report was prepared in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master in Urban and Regional Planning degree in the Department of Urban Planning (“Department”) of the University of California, Los Angeles. It was prepared at the direction of the Department and the City of Culver City as a planning client for the comprehensive project. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the Department of Urban Planning, the UCLA Luskin School of Public Affairs, UCLA as a whole, or the client. Any errors or omissions are those of the authors. Photo credit for cover page: The Los Angeles Times, January 2019. TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 INTRODUCTION 3 BACKGROUND 6 Overview of Study Area Overview of Oil Fields in Los Angeles Considerations by Culver City Community Support and Opposition RESEARCH ON THE IMPACTS OF URBAN OIL FIELDS AND THEIR POTENTIAL FOR REUSE 16 Health Environmental Brownfield Redevelopment Housing Market CASE STUDIES OF FORMER BROWNFIELD REDEVELOPMENT 26 Case Study 1: Larry Itliong Village Case Study 2: The Grove Shopping Center Case Study 3: Pacific City Case Study 4: Villages at Heritage Springs DATA ANALYSIS: REDEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL OF CULVER CITY’S OIL FIELD 33 Scope of Study Legislation Health Environment Economic Impact Remediation Potential Funding Sources for Remediation Amortization Study TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONT.) FINDINGS 45 Cross-Jurisdictional Cooperation Legislative Capacity Remediation Liability Strong Community Sentiments Site Specific Constraints RECOMMENDATIONS 51 APPENDIX A 55 APPENDIX B 60 GLOSSARY 61 BIBLIOGRAPHY 65 INTERVIEW REFERENCES 71 Aerial view of the Baldwin Hills Scenic Overlook and Culver City’s portion of the Inglewood Oil Field below.
    [Show full text]
  • An Expanded Matrix to Scope the Technical and Economic Feasibility
    PROCEEDINGS, 41st Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering Stanford University, Stanford, California, February 22-24, 2016 SGP-TR-209 An Expanded Matrix to Scope the Technical and Economic Feasibility of Waste Heat Recovery from Mature Hydrocarbon Fields Jawhara AL-Mahrouqi (*), Gioia Falcone(**) (*)Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK Now with Petroleum Development Oman (PDO) (**)Clausthal University of Technology, Agricolastraβe 10, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany [email protected] Keywords: co-production, waste heat recovery, decision matrix ABSTRACT Substantial volumes of water are co-produced with hydrocarbons during the latter stages of an oil or gas field’s producing life. Such volumes require costly treatment schemes and inevitably force operators to cease field production, which leaves potentially recoverable hydrocarbons in the ground. However, the flowing temperature of these waste streams is high enough for it to be exploited for district heating and/or power generation. This opens up opportunities for mature hydrocarbon fields with the potential of extending their lifespan, improving their ultimate recovery, providing an alternative renewable low carbon energy source and reducing their operational expenditure. With several feasibility studies and pilots supporting the feasibility of this concept, the objective of this paper is to identify key technical and economic parameters of waste heat recovery from mature and abandoned hydrocarbon fields, both onshore and offshore. These are translated into a set of indices, forming a practical screening matrix for geothermal feasibility. With reference to an existing decision matrix (Soldo and Alimonti, 2015) which was designed to select between two heat extraction technologies, the new matrix is an expanded version, with wider applicability.
    [Show full text]
  • Westside Purple Line Extension Final Supplemental Environmental
    LOS ANGELES COUNTY METROPOLITAN TRANSPORTATION AUTHORITY WESTSIDE PURPLE LINE EXTENSION PROJECT, SECTION 2 ADVANCED PRELIMINARY ENGINEERING Contract No. PS-4350-2000 Assessment of Tunneling and Station Excavation Risks Associated with Subsurface Gas Section 2 – Revision 2 Prepared for: Prepared by: 777 South Figueroa Street, Suite 1100 Los Angeles, CA 90017 November 2017 THIS PAGE BLANK FOR DOUBLE SIDED PRINTING Assessment of Tunneling and Station Excavation Risks Associated with Subsurface Gas Section 2 – Revision 2 Table of Contents Table of Contents PREFACE............................................................................................................................................... P-1 1.0 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................... 1-1 2.0 PROJECT SETTING .................................................................................................................... 2-1 3.0 TUNNELING METHODS ............................................................................................................ 3-1 4.0 SOIL GAS CHARACTERISTICS .................................................................................................... 4-1 5.0 OCCURRENCE OF SOIL GASES .................................................................................................. 5-1 6.0 ASSESSMENT OF RISKS ............................................................................................................ 6-1 7.0 PROPOSED MONITORING AND
    [Show full text]
  • 812 Ta Ta Basalt Depletion, 820474 Melanesian Basin, 610705, 610707
    812 Ta T Ta 910437, 920026, 920117, 920265, 920291 Guaymas Basin, 650644 basalt Panama, Pacific Ocean, 950217 laumontite, 670551 depletion, 820474 pumice, source, 850821 mineralogy Melanesian Basin, 610705, 610707 Volcanic rocks, petrography, alkalic Mariana Islands, 600458 Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 820442, 820445, 820446 island, 200691 Mariana Trench, 600458 midocean ridge, 820396, 820417, 820449, Taif, Saudi Arabia, Red Sea, geology, 230813 Mariana Trough, 600457 820450 Tairyo Formation, 061289 minerals, chemical composition, 600461 hygromagmaphile element, 820460, 820461, Taito Fracture Zone, 870740 Panama Basin, sediments, 690386, 690392 820462, 820464, 820467, 820468 Nankai Trough, heat flow, 870740 Patton Escarpment, petrography, 630687, fractionation, absence, 820460 Taiwan, 061289, 660661, 780578, 840767 630701 nonfractionating pairs, 820467 basin genesis, 310874 Shatskiy Plateau S, 200683 trace elements, 660732 Ryukyu Islands, 310863 temperature, 670551 Goban Spur, 800944 Philippine Basin, genesis, 310863 X-ray diffraction analysis result, 920492 see also tantalum Philippine Sea, Paleogene-Neogene, 310837 Tallahatta Formation, 950365, 950369, 950370 Ta/Hf ratio Philippines Talme Yafe borehole, Mediterranean Sea E, basalt, 820474, 820475 genesis, 310874 history, 42B1202 hygromagmaphile element, 820464, 820465 plate, 600928 Talparo Formation, 040599 Ta/La ratio planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy, Tamabra limestone, talus, 770397, 770404 hygromagmaphile element, 820645 310679 Tamatave, Rio Grande Rise N, regional trace elements,
    [Show full text]
  • Existing Conditions and Issues
    EXISTING CONDITIONS AND ISSUES UNIT SUMMARY EXISTING LAND USES OVERVIEW Kenneth Hahn State Recreation Area (KHSRA or the park) comprises approximately 387 acres of parkland set in the midst of urban Los Angeles. The existing park is managed by the Los Angeles County Department of Parks and Recreation and includes 319 acres native coastal sage scrub habitat, scenic overlooks, interpretive facilities, lawns and landscaped areas, picnic sites, tot lots, a fishing lake, lotus pond, community center, day-use parking, and five miles of trails. There are six restrooms within the park. The community center has four administrative offices and a small meeting room. A small maintenance yard and native plant nursery is maintained on-site. Activities within the park include but are not limited to hiking, biking, walking, running, fishing, picnicking, play, and nature interpretation and education. The Vista Pacifica Scenic Site consists of 50 acres of open space and a scenic view site at the northern tip of the western ridgeline. County-owned parkland that connect the Vista Pacifica Scenic Site to La Cieniga Blvd include a total of 18 acres of open space. Both the Vista Pacifica Scenic Site and adjacent County-owned parklands are currently closed to the public. REGIONAL LAND USE Residential, commercial, and recreation associated uses dominate the surrounding area. Refer to Figure 4 for jurisdictional boundaries. ADJACENT RECREATION USES Three established local parks currently occur in the vicinity of KHSRA. These include Norman O. Houston Park, Ladera Ball Fields, and Culver City Ball Fields. Norman O. Houston Park is four acres and is managed by the City of Los Angeles Department of Recreation and Parks, and includes a lawn area and tot lots located to the east of the park.
    [Show full text]
  • February 2020 Editorial in the Late 1970S My Parents Decided to Retire
    February 2020 Editorial In the late 1970s my parents decided to retire in Hornsea, East Yorkshire. It is a small coastal town with medieval roots and really a very pleasant place to live. I suspect that they would be quite staggered to know that it is now one of the most important energy centres in the whole country. Within a few years of them arriving there, huge caverns with a capacity of 235 million cubic metres were excavated in salt strata about 2 km below ground level; their purpose, to store North Sea gas. But that was just the start. Developed offshore is the world’s largest wind farm with a generating capacity of 1,386 Megawatts, and even that is set to be exceeded by planned developments. If that wasn’t enough then recent drilling in the area has revealed what may prove to be the largest on shore oil and gas discovery in the United Kingdom. Initial estimates are that the capacity is 283 million barrels of oil and 266 billion cubic feet of gas, although not all of that is recoverable. As my grandmother used to say – you never know what’s round the corner. So why is there oil and gas in the North Sea? A little bit of recent history first. The existence of oil and gas bearing rocks in countries around the North Sea had been known for quite a long time. If you have ever been to Kimmeridge Bay in Dorset, you will know of its evil smelling reputation. The Kimmeridge Oil Field is northwest of Kimmeridge Bay.
    [Show full text]