Geology of Southeastern Ventura Basin Los Angeles County California
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Geology of Southeastern Ventura Basin Los Angeles County California By E. L. WINTERER and D. L. DURHAM SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 334-H A study of the stratigraphy, structure, and occurrence of oil in the late Cenozoic Ventura basin UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1962 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STEW ART L. UDALL, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Thomas B. Nolan, Director For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D.C. CONTENTS Page Page Abstract ____________________________________________ 275 Stratigraphy Continued Introduction.______________________________________ 276 Tertiary system Continued Purpose and scope.------_______________________ 276 Pliocene series..._________------__---__----- 308 Fieldwork __ __________________________________ 276 Pico formation.____________-_----_-_-_- 308 Acknowledgments. _ _----_-_-.________________- 276 Stratigraphy and lithology___________ 309 Geography. _________________________________________ 278 Newhall-Potrero area__________ 309 Climate- ______--_-__-_-__-_--_-_____________-_ 278 Newhsll-Potrero oil field to East Vegetation.____________________________________ 278 Canyon____________________ 310 Santa Clara River______________________________ 278 Mouth of East Canyon to San Fer Relief. __.._.._._._________---_-_--_________ 278 nando Pass__-----_-_-------- 311 Human activities----_------__--________________ 278 San Fernando Pass to San Gabriel Physiography_ _____________________________________ 278 fault..____-__-__-_------.--_ 311 Structural and lithologic control of drainage______ 279 Santa Clara River to Del Valle River terraces and old erosion surfaces-__ _________ 279 fault.___----.--_-_---------_ 312 Present erosion cycle.___________________________ 281 Del Valle fault to Holser fault__ 312 Landslides- ___--.-------_-_--___________________ 281 Area north of Holser fault- ______ 312 Stratigraphy.______________________________________ 281 Fossils... ______-__------_-__---_-__ 313 Pre-Cretaceous rocks.___________________________ 282 Foraminifera_ __________________ 313 Tertiary system._______________________________ 282 Megaf ossils- ___________________ 315 Eocene series_______________________________ 282 Upper Pliocene and lower Pleistocene-________ 317 Fossils__ _----_----_--_-______________ 283 Saugus formation.------.--------------- 317 Age and correlation-____________________ 283 Definition and subdivision.-.._______ 317 Upper Eocene to lower Miocene._____________ 283 Stratigraphy and lithology___________ 317 Sespe(?) formation._____________________ 283 San Fernando Valley. _ ____ _ _ _ _ 317 Miocene series...___________________________ 283 Area south of San Gabriel and Hol Topanga(?) formation.__________________ 283 ser faults-.----..______-_ 318 Mint Canyon formation.________________ 284 Fossils._______________. 319 Nomenclature. _____________________ 284 Age of youngest formations of mapped area. _ _ _ 320 Distribution. _______________________ 284 Towsley formation_--_____-_-____-__--__ 320 General lithology___________________ 284 Pico formation-________________________ 321 Thickness_ _ -__-___-__-_-_________ 284 Saugus formation,______________________ 322 Stratigraphic relations and age_______ 284 Quaternary system____________________________ 322 Stratigraphy and lithology in mapped Pleistocene series.__________________________ 322 area___________________________ 285 Terrace deposits._______________________ 322 Environment of deposition___________ 286 Alluvium. _____________________________ 323 Modelo formation.____________________ 286 Turbidity current features in the Tertiary rocks__._ 323 Stratigraphy and lithology___________ 287 Nature of turbidity currents.__-_______-_--__ 323 Fossils and age_____________________ 287 Interrupted gradations-_____________________ 325 Upper Miocene and lower Pliocene. ___________ 287 Angular fragments in sandstone._____________ 325 Towsley formation._____________________ 287 Irregular contacts_________________________ 326 Distribution. _ ______________________ 287 Intraformational breccias.___________________ 327 Distinction from Modelo formation. _ _ 288 Current marks____________________________ 330 Previous assignment._______________ 288 Slump structures and convolute bedding. ______ 332 Stratigraphy and lithology,__________ 289 Structure- __________________________________ 334 Santa Susana Mountains. _______ 289 Regional relations_____________________________ 334 San Fernando Pass and Elsmere Structural history_____________________________ 334 Canyon area_________________ 291 Pre-Late Cretaceous_______________________ T34 North of the San Gabriel fault___ 293 Late Cretaceous and early Tertiary.____-_.___ F34 Subsurface development-________ 293 Early and middle Miocene.__________________ ?35 Fossils. _ ___________________________ 293 Santa Susana Mountains._______ 293 Late Miocene._____________-_______---__--- f35 Elsmere Canyon region..________ 295 Pliocene and early Pleistocene (?) _____________ c 35 North of San Gabriel fault_______ 306 Pleistocene. _______-_______-___---__------_ £35 Environment suggested._______ 306 Late Pleistocene.___________________________ ?35 m IV Page Page Structure Continued Occurrence of oil Continued Structural details. ______________________________ 335 Oil fields Continued Santa Susana Mountains and San Fernando Newhall Continued Valley____ __-___-_____--_---__-__-_______ 335 Tunnel area__________________________ 343 Santa Clara River to San Gabriel fault-_______ 336 Elsmere area___________________________ 343 San Fernando Pass and Newhall area_________ 336 Whitney Canyon area___________________ 344 San Gabriel fault to north edge of mapped area_ _ 337 Newhall townsite_______________________ 344 Geologic history-___________________________________ 337 Placerita_________________________________ 344 Occurrence of oil--_-_-----------_------------------- 340 Newhall-Potrero__ _ _________________________ 345 Oilfields ------------------------------------ 340 Del Valle--_-_-_-------_-_-__---_-_-_______ 345 Newhall-. ___---_------------_-------_-_--- 340 Ramona_ __________________________________ 346 Pico Canyon area_______________________ 341 Castaic Junction-_--_-_-_____---__--________ 347 De Witt Canyon area-__-_____.-_-____ 342 Wildcat wells___.-_____-_--_________.___________ 347 Towsley Canyon area______-__-_______- 342 Potential petroleum resources. ___________________ 347 Wiley Canyon area_________-___---__-_-_ 342 Selected references._________________________________ 357 Rice Canyon area____-______-____-______ 342 Index.____________________________________________ 363 ILLUSTRATIONS [Plates in pocket] PLATE 44. Geologic map. Page 45. Geologic sections. FIGURE 56. Soft greenish-gray siltstone and fine-grained 46. Stratigraphic sections in the Towsley forma sandstone beds of the Sunshire Ranch tion. member of the Saugus formation_________ 318 47. Stratigraphic sections in the Pico formation. 57. Conglomeratic sandstone of the Srugus for 48. Distribution of Foraminifera in the Pico for mation __ _____________________________ 319 mation, Pico Canyon section. 58. Sandstone and siltstone beds in the Towsley 49. Distribution of Foraminifera in the Pico for formation. _ ___________________________ 326 mation, Towsley Canyon, and other sections. 59. Types of deformation of sandstone-siltstone interface resulting from unequal loading, Page by which load casts are formed __________ 3 26 FIGURE 49. Index map___----__-__-___---__---_____- 277 60. Load casts in the Towsley formation.______ 327 50. Erosion and river-terrace surfaces on the 61. Load casts in the Towsley formation-______ 328 north side of the Santa Clara River_ _ ____ 280 62. Intraformational breccia in the Towsley 51. Concretionary sandstone unit in the Towsley formation. ____________________________ 328 formation._ ___________________________ 290 63. Large angular erratic block of shale in the 52. Contact of the Towsley formation with Towsley formation _____________________ 329 quartz diorite of the pre-Cretaceous base 64. Current bedding in the Towsley formation __ 331 ment complex. ________________________ 292 65. Current lineations in the Towsley formation. 333 53. Large-scale sets of cross-strata in the lower part of the Pico formation ______________ 294 66. Slump structure in the Towsley formation. _ 333 54. The relation between contemporary deposits 67. Paleogeographjr of beginning of late Miocene of the Saugus and Pico formations. ______ 309 time_____________.___-_____-_-----__ 339 55. Conglomerate, sandstone, and siltstone beds 68. Paleogeography of part of late Miocene (late of the Pico formation___________________ 311 Mohnian) time__ ___________-_--_----_- 339 TABLES Page Page TABLE 1. Fossils from Eocene rocks________________ 283 TABLE 7. Oil- and gas-producing zones in four major 2. Foraminifera from the Modelo formation. _ _ _ 288 fields west of NewhalL_---_------_----_- 341 3. Foraminifera from the Towsley formation..-. 295 8. Oil -production statistics for period January 1- June 30, 1953___ .. 341 4. Fossils from the Towsley and Pico formations. 296 9. Oil- and gas-producing zones in Del Valle field. 346 5. Geographic range of Recent species related to 10. List of wildcat wells including all krowii pros fossils from the Towsley formation._______ 308 pect wells drilled outside of productive oil 6. Distribution of varieties of Calicantharus fields prior to June 30, 1953___________ 348 humerosus