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A Genetic Screening Identifies a Component of the SWI/SNF Complex, Arid1b As a Senescence Regulator
A genetic screening identifies a component of the SWI/SNF complex, Arid1b as a senescence regulator Sadaf Khan A thesis submitted to Imperial College London for the degree of Doctor in Philosophy MRC Clinical Sciences Centre Imperial College London, School of Medicine July 2013 Statement of originality All experiments included in this thesis were performed by myself unless otherwise stated. Copyright Declaration The copyright of this thesis rests with the author and is made available under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives license. Researchers are free to copy, distribute or transmit the thesis on the condition that they attribute it, that they do not use it for commercial purposes and that they do not alter, transform or build upon it. For any reuse or redistribution, researchers must make clear to others the license terms of this work. 2 Abstract Senescence is an important tumour suppressor mechanism, which prevents the proliferation of stressed or damaged cells. The use of RNA interference to identify genes with a role in senescence is an important tool in the discovery of novel cancer genes. In this work, a protocol was established for conducting bypass of senescence screenings, using shRNA libraries together with next-generation sequencing. Using this approach, the SWI/SNF subunit Arid1b was identified as a regulator of cellular lifespan in MEFs. SWI/SNF is a large multi-subunit complex that remodels chromatin. Mutations in SWI/SNF proteins are frequently associated with cancer, suggesting that SWI/SNF components are tumour suppressors. Here the role of ARID1B during senescence was investigated. Depletion of ARID1B extends the proliferative capacity of primary mouse and human fibroblasts. -
Chapter 7: Monogenic Forms of Diabetes
CHAPTER 7 MONOGENIC FORMS OF DIABETES Mark A. Sperling, MD, and Abhimanyu Garg, MD Dr. Mark A. Sperling is Emeritus Professor and Chair, University of Pittsburgh, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA. Dr. Abhimanyu Garg is Professor of Internal Medicine and Chief of the Division of Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases at University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX. SUMMARY Types 1 and 2 diabetes have multiple and complex genetic influences that interact with environmental triggers, such as viral infections or nutritional excesses, to result in their respective phenotypes: young, lean, and insulin-dependence for type 1 diabetes patients or older, overweight, and often manageable by lifestyle interventions and oral medications for type 2 diabetes patients. A small subset of patients, comprising ~2%–3% of all those diagnosed with diabetes, may have characteristics of either type 1 or type 2 diabetes but have single gene defects that interfere with insulin production, secretion, or action, resulting in clinical diabetes. These types of diabetes are known as MODY, originally defined as maturity-onset diabetes of youth, and severe early-onset forms, such as neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM). Defects in genes involved in adipocyte development, differentiation, and death pathways cause lipodystrophy syndromes, which are also associated with insulin resistance and diabetes. Although these syndromes are considered rare, more awareness of these disorders and increased availability of genetic testing in clinical and research laboratories, as well as growing use of next generation, whole genome, or exome sequencing for clinically challenging phenotypes, are resulting in increased recognition. A correct diagnosis of MODY, NDM, or lipodystrophy syndromes has profound implications for treatment, genetic counseling, and prognosis. -
Constitutive Scaffolding of Multiple Wnt Enhanceosome Components By
RESEARCH ARTICLE Constitutive scaffolding of multiple Wnt enhanceosome components by Legless/ BCL9 Laurens M van Tienen, Juliusz Mieszczanek, Marc Fiedler, Trevor J Rutherford, Mariann Bienz* MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom Abstract Wnt/b-catenin signaling elicits context-dependent transcription switches that determine normal development and oncogenesis. These are mediated by the Wnt enhanceosome, a multiprotein complex binding to the Pygo chromatin reader and acting through TCF/LEF- responsive enhancers. Pygo renders this complex Wnt-responsive, by capturing b-catenin via the Legless/BCL9 adaptor. We used CRISPR/Cas9 genome engineering of Drosophila legless (lgs) and human BCL9 and B9L to show that the C-terminus downstream of their adaptor elements is crucial for Wnt responses. BioID proximity labeling revealed that BCL9 and B9L, like PYGO2, are constitutive components of the Wnt enhanceosome. Wnt-dependent docking of b-catenin to the enhanceosome apparently causes a rearrangement that apposes the BCL9/B9L C-terminus to TCF. This C-terminus binds to the Groucho/TLE co-repressor, and also to the Chip/LDB1-SSDP enhanceosome core complex via an evolutionary conserved element. An unexpected link between BCL9/B9L, PYGO2 and nuclear co-receptor complexes suggests that these b-catenin co-factors may coordinate Wnt and nuclear hormone responses. DOI: 10.7554/eLife.20882.001 *For correspondence: mb2@mrc- Introduction lmb.cam.ac.uk The Wnt/b-catenin signaling cascade is an ancient cell communication pathway that operates con- Competing interests: The text-dependent transcriptional switches to control animal development and tissue homeostasis authors declare that no (Cadigan and Nusse, 1997). -
Loss of At-Catenin Alters the Hybrid Adhering Junctions in the Heart and Leads to Dilated Cardiomyopathy and Ventricular Arrhythmia Following Acute Ischemia
1058 Research Article Loss of aT-catenin alters the hybrid adhering junctions in the heart and leads to dilated cardiomyopathy and ventricular arrhythmia following acute ischemia Jifen Li1,*, Steven Goossens2,3,`, Jolanda van Hengel2,3,`, Erhe Gao1, Lan Cheng1, Koen Tyberghein2,3, Xiying Shang1, Riet De Rycke2, Frans van Roy2,3,* and Glenn L. Radice1 1Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA 2Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB), B-9052 Ghent, Belgium 3Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium *Authors for correspondence ([email protected]; [email protected]) `These authors contributed equally to this work Accepted 4 October 2011 Journal of Cell Science 125, 1058–1067 ß 2012. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd doi: 10.1242/jcs.098640 Summary It is generally accepted that the intercalated disc (ICD) required for mechano-electrical coupling in the heart consists of three distinct junctional complexes: adherens junctions, desmosomes and gap junctions. However, recent morphological and molecular data indicate a mixing of adherens junctional and desmosomal components, resulting in a ‘hybrid adhering junction’ or ‘area composita’. The a-catenin family member aT-catenin, part of the N-cadherin–catenin adhesion complex in the heart, is the only a-catenin that interacts with the desmosomal protein plakophilin-2 (PKP2). Thus, it has been postulated that aT-catenin might serve as a molecular integrator of the two adhesion complexes in the area composita. To investigate the role of aT-catenin in the heart, gene targeting technology was used to delete the Ctnna3 gene, encoding aT-catenin, in the mouse. -
Downloaded from the National Database for Autism Research (NDAR)
International Journal of Molecular Sciences Article Phenotypic Subtyping and Re-Analysis of Existing Methylation Data from Autistic Probands in Simplex Families Reveal ASD Subtype-Associated Differentially Methylated Genes and Biological Functions Elizabeth C. Lee y and Valerie W. Hu * Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20037, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-202-994-8431 Current address: W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, y Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. Received: 25 August 2020; Accepted: 17 September 2020; Published: 19 September 2020 Abstract: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) describes a group of neurodevelopmental disorders with core deficits in social communication and manifestation of restricted, repetitive, and stereotyped behaviors. Despite the core symptomatology, ASD is extremely heterogeneous with respect to the severity of symptoms and behaviors. This heterogeneity presents an inherent challenge to all large-scale genome-wide omics analyses. In the present study, we address this heterogeneity by stratifying ASD probands from simplex families according to the severity of behavioral scores on the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised diagnostic instrument, followed by re-analysis of existing DNA methylation data from individuals in three ASD subphenotypes in comparison to that of their respective unaffected siblings. We demonstrate that subphenotyping of cases enables the identification of over 1.6 times the number of statistically significant differentially methylated regions (DMR) and DMR-associated genes (DAGs) between cases and controls, compared to that identified when all cases are combined. Our analyses also reveal ASD-related neurological functions and comorbidities that are enriched among DAGs in each phenotypic subgroup but not in the combined case group. -
Product Name: C9orf78 Polyclonal Antibody, ALEXA FLUOR® 647 Conjugated Catalog No
Product Name: C9orf78 Polyclonal Antibody, ALEXA FLUOR® 647 Conjugated Catalog No. : TAP01-84658R-A647 Intended Use: For Research Use Only. Not for used in diagnostic procedures. Size 100ul Concentration 1ug/ul Gene ID 51759 ISO Type Rabbit IgG Clone N/A Immunogen Range Conjugation ALEXA FLUOR® 647 Subcellular Locations Applications IF(IHC-P) Cross Reactive Species Human, Mouse, Rat Source KLH conjugated synthetic peptide derived from human C9orf78 Applications with IF(IHC-P)(1:50-200) Dilutions Purification Purified by Protein A. Background Chromosome 9 consists of about 145 million bases and 4% of the human genome and encodes nearly 900 genes. Considered to play a role in gender determination, deletion of the distal portion of 9p can lead to development of male to female sex reversal, the phenotype of a female with a male X,Y genotype. Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, which is characterized by harmful vascular defects, is associated with the chromosome 9 gene encoding endoglin protein, ENG. Familial dysautonomia is also associated with chromosome 9 though through the gene IKBKAP. Notably, chromosome 9 encompasses the largest interferon family gene cluster. Chromosome 9 is partnered with chromosome 22 in the translocation leading to the aberrant production of BCR-ABL fusion protein often found in leukemias. The C9orf78 gene product has been provisionally designated C9orf78 pending further characterization. Synonyms bA409K20.3; C9orf78; Chromosome 9 open reading frame 78; CI078_HUMAN; HCA59; Hepatocellular carcinoma associated antigen 59; Hepatocellular carcinoma-associated antigen 59; HSPC220; Uncharacterized protein C9orf78. Storage Aqueous buffered solution containing 1% BSA, 50% glycerol and 0.09% sodium azide. Store at 4°C for 12 months. -
Biochemical Characterization of DDX43 (HAGE) Helicase
Biochemical Characterization of DDX43 (HAGE) Helicase A Thesis Submitted to the College of Graduate Studies and Research In Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Master of Science In the Department of Biochemistry University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon By Tanu Talwar © Copyright Tanu Talwar, March, 2017. All rights reserved PERMISSION OF USE STATEMENT I hereby present this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for a postgraduate degree from the University of Saskatchewan and agree that the Libraries of this University may make it freely available for inspection. I further agree that permission for copying of this thesis in any manner, either in whole or in part, for scholarly purposes may be granted by the professor or professors who supervised this thesis or, in their absence, by the Head of the Department or the Dean of the College in which my thesis work was done. It is understood that any copying or publication or use of this thesis or parts of it for any financial gain will not be allowed without my written permission. It is also understood that due recognition shall be given to me and to the University of Saskatchewan in any scholarly use which may be made of any material in my thesis. Requests for permission to copy or to make other use of material in this thesis in whole or part should be addressed to: Head of the Department of Biochemistry University of Saskatchewan 107 Wiggins Road Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5E5 i ABSTRACT DDX43, DEAD-box polypeptide 43, also known as HAGE (helicase antigen gene), is a member of the DEAD-box family of RNA helicases. -
Abstracts from the 9Th Biennial Scientific Meeting of The
International Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology 2017, 2017(Suppl 1):15 DOI 10.1186/s13633-017-0054-x MEETING ABSTRACTS Open Access Abstracts from the 9th Biennial Scientific Meeting of the Asia Pacific Paediatric Endocrine Society (APPES) and the 50th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Society for Pediatric Endocrinology (JSPE) Tokyo, Japan. 17-20 November 2016 Published: 28 Dec 2017 PS1 Heritable forms of primary bone fragility in children typically lead to Fat fate and disease - from science to global policy a clinical diagnosis of either osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) or juvenile Peter Gluckman osteoporosis (JO). OI is usually caused by dominant mutations affect- Office of Chief Science Advsor to the Prime Minister ing one of the two genes that code for two collagen type I, but a re- International Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology 2017, 2017(Suppl 1):PS1 cessive form of OI is present in 5-10% of individuals with a clinical diagnosis of OI. Most of the involved genes code for proteins that Attempts to deal with the obesity epidemic based solely on adult be- play a role in the processing of collagen type I protein (BMP1, havioural change have been rather disappointing. Indeed the evidence CREB3L1, CRTAP, LEPRE1, P4HB, PPIB, FKBP10, PLOD2, SERPINF1, that biological, developmental and contextual factors are operating SERPINH1, SEC24D, SPARC, from the earliest stages in development and indeed across generations TMEM38B), or interfere with osteoblast function (SP7, WNT1). Specific is compelling. The marked individual differences in the sensitivity to the phenotypes are caused by mutations in SERPINF1 (recessive OI type obesogenic environment need to be understood at both the individual VI), P4HB (Cole-Carpenter syndrome) and SEC24D (‘Cole-Carpenter and population level. -
ARID1B Is a Specific Vulnerability in ARID1A-Mutant Cancers The
ARID1B is a specific vulnerability in ARID1A-mutant cancers The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. Citation Helming, K. C., X. Wang, B. G. Wilson, F. Vazquez, J. R. Haswell, H. E. Manchester, Y. Kim, et al. 2014. “ARID1B is a specific vulnerability in ARID1A-mutant cancers.” Nature medicine 20 (3): 251-254. doi:10.1038/nm.3480. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm.3480. Published Version doi:10.1038/nm.3480 Accessed February 16, 2015 10:04:32 PM EST Citable Link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:12987227 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University's DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA (Article begins on next page) NIH Public Access Author Manuscript Nat Med. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2014 September 01. NIH-PA Author ManuscriptPublished NIH-PA Author Manuscript in final edited NIH-PA Author Manuscript form as: Nat Med. 2014 March ; 20(3): 251–254. doi:10.1038/nm.3480. ARID1B is a specific vulnerability in ARID1A-mutant cancers Katherine C. Helming1,2,3,4,*, Xiaofeng Wang1,2,3,*, Boris G. Wilson1,2,3, Francisca Vazquez5, Jeffrey R. Haswell1,2,3, Haley E. Manchester1,2,3, Youngha Kim1,2,3, Gregory V. Kryukov5, Mahmoud Ghandi5, Andrew J. Aguirre5,6,7, Zainab Jagani8, Zhong Wang9, Levi A. Garraway6, William C. Hahn6,7, and Charles W. -
A Computational Approach for Defining a Signature of Β-Cell Golgi Stress in Diabetes Mellitus
Page 1 of 781 Diabetes A Computational Approach for Defining a Signature of β-Cell Golgi Stress in Diabetes Mellitus Robert N. Bone1,6,7, Olufunmilola Oyebamiji2, Sayali Talware2, Sharmila Selvaraj2, Preethi Krishnan3,6, Farooq Syed1,6,7, Huanmei Wu2, Carmella Evans-Molina 1,3,4,5,6,7,8* Departments of 1Pediatrics, 3Medicine, 4Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, 5Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, the 6Center for Diabetes & Metabolic Diseases, and the 7Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202; 2Department of BioHealth Informatics, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202; 8Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202. *Corresponding Author(s): Carmella Evans-Molina, MD, PhD ([email protected]) Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, MS 2031A, Indianapolis, IN 46202, Telephone: (317) 274-4145, Fax (317) 274-4107 Running Title: Golgi Stress Response in Diabetes Word Count: 4358 Number of Figures: 6 Keywords: Golgi apparatus stress, Islets, β cell, Type 1 diabetes, Type 2 diabetes 1 Diabetes Publish Ahead of Print, published online August 20, 2020 Diabetes Page 2 of 781 ABSTRACT The Golgi apparatus (GA) is an important site of insulin processing and granule maturation, but whether GA organelle dysfunction and GA stress are present in the diabetic β-cell has not been tested. We utilized an informatics-based approach to develop a transcriptional signature of β-cell GA stress using existing RNA sequencing and microarray datasets generated using human islets from donors with diabetes and islets where type 1(T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) had been modeled ex vivo. To narrow our results to GA-specific genes, we applied a filter set of 1,030 genes accepted as GA associated. -
ARTICLE Doi:10.1038/Nature10523
ARTICLE doi:10.1038/nature10523 Spatio-temporal transcriptome of the human brain Hyo Jung Kang1*, Yuka Imamura Kawasawa1*, Feng Cheng1*, Ying Zhu1*, Xuming Xu1*, Mingfeng Li1*, Andre´ M. M. Sousa1,2, Mihovil Pletikos1,3, Kyle A. Meyer1, Goran Sedmak1,3, Tobias Guennel4, Yurae Shin1, Matthew B. Johnson1,Zˇeljka Krsnik1, Simone Mayer1,5, Sofia Fertuzinhos1, Sheila Umlauf6, Steven N. Lisgo7, Alexander Vortmeyer8, Daniel R. Weinberger9, Shrikant Mane6, Thomas M. Hyde9,10, Anita Huttner8, Mark Reimers4, Joel E. Kleinman9 & Nenad Sˇestan1 Brain development and function depend on the precise regulation of gene expression. However, our understanding of the complexity and dynamics of the transcriptome of the human brain is incomplete. Here we report the generation and analysis of exon-level transcriptome and associated genotyping data, representing males and females of different ethnicities, from multiple brain regions and neocortical areas of developing and adult post-mortem human brains. We found that 86 per cent of the genes analysed were expressed, and that 90 per cent of these were differentially regulated at the whole-transcript or exon level across brain regions and/or time. The majority of these spatio-temporal differences were detected before birth, with subsequent increases in the similarity among regional transcriptomes. The transcriptome is organized into distinct co-expression networks, and shows sex-biased gene expression and exon usage. We also profiled trajectories of genes associated with neurobiological categories and diseases, and identified associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms and gene expression. This study provides a comprehensive data set on the human brain transcriptome and insights into the transcriptional foundations of human neurodevelopment. -
Nucleo-Cytoplasmic Distribution of ß-Catenin Is Regulated by Retention
Research Article 1453 Nucleo-cytoplasmic distribution of -catenin is regulated by retention Eva Krieghoff, Jürgen Behrens* and Bernhard Mayr Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Glückstr. 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany *Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected]) Accepted 19 December 2005 Journal of Cell Science 119, 1453-1463 Published by The Company of Biologists 2006 doi:10.1242/jcs.02864 Summary -catenin is the central signalling molecule of the canonical of -catenin, i.e. increases the rate of -catenin nuclear Wnt pathway, where it activates target genes in a complex import or export. Moreover, the cytoplasmic enrichment of with LEF/TCF transcription factors in the nucleus. The -catenin by APC and axin is not abolished by inhibition regulation of -catenin activity is thought to occur mainly of CRM-1-dependent nuclear export. TCF4, APC, axin and on the level of protein degradation, but it has been axin2 move more slowly than -catenin in their respective suggested that -catenin nuclear localization and hence its compartment, and concomitantly decrease -catenin transcriptional activity may additionally be regulated via mobility. Together, these data indicate that -catenin nuclear import by TCF4 and BCL9 and via nuclear export interaction partners mainly regulate -catenin subcellular by APC and axin. Using live-cell microscopy and localization by retaining it in the compartment in which fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP), we they are localized, rather than by active transport into or have directly analysed the impact of these factors on the out of the nucleus. subcellular localization of -catenin, its nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling and its mobility within the nucleus and the Supplementary material available online at cytoplasm.