Welcome to historystudent.co.uk

Our aim is to produce the highest quality GCSE History resources for the classroom.

Our notes for each topic are designed for all abilities, students respond very favourably to the clear layout, with the key information easily accessible.

Lower ability students love the fact that there is not pages of prose to sort through and the more able love the concise nature.

We have not produced lots of exam questions, with all the associated techniques as we feel this has been done many times before. Rather we have tried to provide what we call ‘the building bricks’ or ‘stepping stones e.g. knowledge recall excercises and ranking activities for causes and consequences.

Fun activities are included, which often time consuming to prepare, so we don’t as teachers often don’t bother with them e.g. wordsearches and crosswords. These are ideal for lesson starters or for early finishers (it doesn’t always have to be demanding extension activities!)

The notes are numbered in sequence 1, 2, 3 etc. and subdivided as 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 The associated excerises are numbered 1a, 1b, 1c etc

All the resources will be available FREE on the website early in 2015:

In addition the website is loaded with recommended DVDs for each topic, youtube clips & links to relevant museums & websites.

We also have some tips for management & behaviour strategies.

A twitter (teacherarea) will be activated to provide an opportunity to share resources and ideas etc with fellow history teachers.

We will be launching APPs in 2015 initially in IOS format, based on these resources but the exercises and activities will be interactive. Discounted prices will be available for schools who wish to ‘bulk download’

We would welcome any feedback, as we are continually looking to improve our resources.

email: [email protected]

MODERN WORLD HISTORY WORLD MODERN GERMANY 1918-45 GERMANY GCSE History: Modern World Germany . Weimar Republic .

1.3

1 A new government in Germany As part of the peace settlement, Germany had to become a Germany after 1.1 democracy - Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicated & went to Holland. WWI Leader of Social Democratic Party Friedrich Ebert became Germany became a country in

Democracy the new leader. 1871 ruled by Kaiser Wilhelm II In World War I Germany thought it could win a quick 1.4 victory. After four years of stalemate Weimar Republic in the trenches Germany Weimar was a town which was the capital for a few surrendered. months in 1918, so they called it the Weimar Republic The British blockade of German ports meant Germany Based on the US system: was short of food & other supplies. The Kaiser was forced to President appoints abdicate. (Head of Germany) Chancellor, 5 1.2 Ministers, Treaty of Versailles Republic Judges Chancellor + commander PUNISHMENT FOR GERMANY (Head of Government) of armed forces LAND . Colonies taken away REICHSTAG . Land given to Poland, France (Elected members & Belgium & Saarland given to of Government) League for 15 years . Split into two parts: Germany Voters & East Prussia (Men & Women over 20 years) MILITARY . Army = 100,000 men . No Tanks . Navy = 6 ships 1.5 How the Weimar Republic worked ... . No submarines . No airforce Proportional Representation . No army in the Rhineland MONEY Each party in the Reichstag got a number of . Pay reparations (the cost of seats based on how many people voted for them. the war) of This was fair to all parties. £6,600 million over 42 years ALLIANCES There were lots of parties in the Reichstag. . Germany not allowed to unite The Chancellor had to get support from as many parties with Austria as possible called coalition government. BLAME Sometimes coalition parties fell out. . War Guilt - Germany had to admit that the war was President had special powers. their fault He appointed the Chancellor, Ministers & head of the Army. DICTAT - the dictated peace In an emergency the President could suspend the Reichstag & make the laws himself GCSE History: Modern World Germany . Weimar Republic .

1a Treaty of Versailles - Germany's Punishment

Germany's punishment after WWI is often given as a reason for people supporting Hitler & then one cause of World War II is seeking revenge for the 'unfair' Treaty of Versailles. For each part of Germany's punishment note how they were punished & then explain what the Germany reaction would have been - a high score suggests they did not like this punishment.

Punishment German reaction /10

LAND

MILITARY

REPARATIONS

ALLIANCES

BLAME

DICTAT GCSE History: Modern World Germany . Weimar Republic .

1b List the 'Strengths & Weaknesses' of the new constitution

Strengths Weaknesses

a. Democracy

b. Proportional Representation

c. President

d. Army

Judges

3b How did the new constitution weaken the Weimar Republic? GCSE History: Modern World Germany . Crises & Revolutions .

2.3 Crisis in the 2.4 Attempted Weimar Republic 1919-23 Revolutions 2 Reasons: January 1919 2.1 War Guilt Spartacus League OPPOSITION TO . Germany blamed for the war & . Leaders: Rosa Luxemburg WEIMAR REPUBLIC 3a forced to pay reparations, lost land & Karl Liebknecht no army = humiliation . Against the rich ruling Germany Supporters of the Kaiser . Tried a communist revolution in Berlin Weimar leaders blamed . Defeated in two weeks by Freikorps ARMY . Weimar leaders signed the Treaty (a group of former soldiers) The new army's therefore were blamed by many people 4a commanding officers e.g. in Germany April 1919 Hindenburg & Ludendorff Communists were gainst democracy Revenge . Took control of govt of Bavaria CIVIL SERVICE . Many Germans wanted revenge against . Defeated by Freikorps They slowed down what the Weimar govt were other countries & the Weimar March 1920 trying to do JUDGES Hyper-inflation after 1921 Freikorps - Kapp Putsch They supported the ideas . Money became worthless as the . Leader: Dr Kapp of the Kaiser government printed more & more to . Hated communists & Peace Treaty pay the reparations & pay the striking . Army would not go against Freikorps workers in the Ruhr. . Workers of Berlin went of strike 2.2 e.g. 1918 bread = 0.6 marks against the Freikorps & the revolt ended 1923 bread = 250 marks Against the Weimar Some businessmen did well & farmers November 1923 got high prices for their food. Munich Putsch Nazi LEFT WING PARTIES: . Leader: Adolf Hitler SPARTACISTS . Attempted a revolution in Munich COMMUNIST PARTY . Police stopped the revolt SOCIALISTS Wanted a revolution like the one in Russia

RIGHT WING PARTIES Invasion of the Ruhr in 1923 . French & Belgium troops invaded the NATIONAL PARTY Ruhr as Germany stopping paying Wanted Germany to have reparations, they took goods e.g. coal a strong army again instead of money NATIONAL SOCIALIST . This was humiliating for Germany & Assassinations WORKERS' PARTY - NAZIs made the Weimer govt. look weak Those that signed the Treaty Wanted to get rid of the . Matthias Erzberger & Walter Rathenau Treaty of Versailles & hyper inflation = when rpices of were killed make German a strong goods keeps increasing & increasing putsch = armed uprising country

By the end of 1923 - the Weimar Government had survived - just. The Weimar was blamed for Germany's problems including signing the Treaty of Versailles & this would be used again as Hitler came to power. GCSE History: Modern World Germany . Crises & Revolutions .

2a Problems facing the Weimar Republic From the beginning the Weimar government faced a number of problems. Rank the problem and explain the problems it caused for the Weimar government PROBLEMS: Hyperinflation, Revolutions, Blamed for Treaty, Invasion of the Ruhr

Problem Rank Problems it caused the Weimar Republic

1

2

3

4

5 GCSE History: Modern World Germany . Crises & Revolutions .

2b Timeline of events for the Ruhr occupation. Place the events in the correct order 1 to 5

No. ____ Germans use passive resistance - workers went on strike

No. ____ Germany falls behind with reparation payments

No. ____ French & Belgian soldiers invade the Ruhr & take German goods

No. ____ Germans sabotage some coal mines & French soldiers shoot some strikers

No. ____ The French were angry because they needed money to pay the money they owed to the USA

2c Effect of Ruhr occupation on the Weimar Republic

Positive Negative

1. Unite German people against the French & Belgians

2. The strikers were heroes to the German people

3. The Weimar government supported the strikers

4. The government printed money to pay the striking workers GCSE History: Modern World Germany . German Recovery under Stresemann .

3.5 GUSTAV STRESEMANN Most influencial German politican in the 1920s 3 Stressemann was Chancellor of a coalition govt. in 1923: LIFE in 1920s . created a new currency the Rentenmark Germany . ordered striking workers in the Ruhr back to work . agreed to pay reparations again (this made him unpopular ) 3.1 Political Stability Foreign Minsiter 1923-29 There was a number of poliitcal . Dawes Plan . Young Plan . Locarno Pact . League of Nations parties in Germany including . Kellogg-Briand Pact extreme on the left (Communists) & right (Nazis). Through the 1920s these extreme parties did not get many votes. 3.6 Most people voted for parties that 3.7 Improvements in the International Relations supported the Weimar democracy. German economy Governments were 'coalitions' which were not always strong and Locarno Pact 1925 could break down at any time. Rentenmark 1923 3.2 . New curreny - the Rentenmark ended . Germany, France & Belgium agreed Judges the hyperinflation. not to attack each other Through the 1920s judges seem to . People had confidence in the . Agreed to keep the borders as favour right wing parties e.g Nazis rentenmark they are. and were against the left wing parties e.g. the Communists 3.3 League of Nations 1926 Arts & Culture Dawes Plan 1924 German adopted 'modernism' in the . Stresemann took Germany into the 1920s with Berlin the European League of Nstions centre for arts & culture: . He was awarded the Nobel Peace . music: US cabaret & dance Prize. . literature: realist topics e.g. 'All USA lends Quiet on the Western Front France & money to . architecture: Bauhaus movement Britain pays Germany. Kellogg-Briand Pact 1928 . cinema: biggest maker of flims in back money it The money is Europe plus loved Hollywood films owes to USA spent building for WWI loans factories to make .60 countries inc. Germany signed a . radio: from 10,000 to 3.6 million profits for pact agreeing not to attack each other listeners Germany 3.4 Golden Age? For some the 1920s was the golden Germany pays age of new & exciting times - reparations to for others they wanted a more France & Britain traditional life e.g. Nazis Young Plan 1929

Some did not like the foreign . Reapartions reduced by 25% influences in German life. Germany factories had brand new . Reparations to be paid over next 58 years Others thought there was decline in machinery and adpoted US assembly moral standards - in films & in the line techniques. . USA continued to lend Germany money nights clubs & carabet bars. The German economy grew quicker as economy grew than in France or Britain. GCSE History: Modern World Germany . German Recovery under Stresemann .

Mix and Match 3a Link the statement to the event

. Germany, France & Belgium agreed a Rentenmark 1923 not to attack each other 8 . Agreed to keep the borders as they are.

.60 countries inc. Germany signed a pact agreeing not to attack each other

Dawes Plan 1924 8b Germany factories had brand new machinery and adpoted US assembly line techniques. The German economy grew quicker than in France or Britain. Locarno Pact 1925 8c . New curreny - the Rentenmark ended the hyperinflation. . People had confidence in the rentenmark

League of Nations 1926 . Reapartions reduced by 25% 8d . Reparations to be paid over next 58 years

. USA continued to lend Germany money as economy grew

Germany pays reparations to France & Britain 8e Kellogg-Briand Pact 1928 USA lends money to Germany. The money is spent building factories to make profits for Germany

France & Britain pays back money it owes to USA for WWI loans

8f Young Plan 1929 . Stresemann took Germany into the League of Nations . He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. GCSE History: Modern World Germany . German Recovery under Stresemann .

3b How did the Weimar Republic survive the crises of 1923?

Problem Solution How did it help the government ? survive?

Passive resistance in the Ruhr was bankrupting Germany

Hyperinflation resulted in money becoming worthless

The Weimar government did not have the full support of the army

Germany still had to pay reparations

9b

Which of the actions that the Weimar Republic took, was the most important in helping the government survive? GCSE History: Modern World Germany . German Recovery under Stresemann .

3c Report for Stresemann & the Weimar Republic 1924 -1929

Topic Mark 7/10 Comment

The Economy Currency /10 Unemployment

Reparations Loan repayments /10

Foreign Policy Locarno Treaty /10 Young Plan League of Nations

Politics Left & Right wing parties /10 Revolutions

Arts & Cutlure /10

Targets GCSE History: Modern World Germany . The end of the Weimar Republic 1929-1933 .

Economic problems 4.2 Dawes Plan & Wall Street Crash 4 Wall Street Crash in October 1929: 4.1 Was the Weimar . Share price collapsed Republic always going . Banks went bankrupt to fail? . Businesses closed . People in USA lost their jobs . Demand for goods fell and other countries went into depression Constitution The constitution (Article 48) disaster for Germany because: allowed the President to end = democracy and take power . Dawes Plan himself. . USA had loaned money to Germany during the 1920s . USA stopped new loans Proportional . USA demanded their money back from old loans Respresentation . Without USA money from loans Germany businesses closed Lots of parties meant governments . Germany went into depression were 'coalitions' which were not always strong and could break . Businesses without loans had fewer customers down at any time, if the coalition . Unemployment rose: 1928 1.8 million 1929 2.8 million 1930 3.2 million 1931 4.8 million parties fell out. . People lost their homes as they had no money for rent Resentment against . Germans lost hope Weimar The Weimar Republic was forced onto Germany after WWI by other countries like GB & France. Political problems The Weimar signed the peace 4.3 Governments of Bruning & Papen agreements & were blamed for it, many said they 'stabbed the army in the back'. Bruning government Government had many problems when the depression hit Germany: Many people - police, army, judges, . more money needed to help unemployed people govt. workers - never wanted the . less money from taxes as fewer people worked Kasier to resign & did not want democracy. = government not have enough money to help the people Economic problems . not print money because it causes inflation so Inflation in the 1922-3 was blamed . March 1930 Bruning wanted: on the Weimar government. . to raise taxes 2.5% on govt. workers & cut wages by 23% The Dawes Plan & Young Plan & cut unemployment benefit by 5% agreed by Stresemann meant . other political parties did not want this so Bruning used President decrees to Germany became dependent on pass these laws. loans from the USA. Von Papen government Bruning resigned in May 1932 as unemployment kept rising . Von Papen became Chancellor & he called elections for July 1932 . People wanted a strong leader & Hitler (Nazis) won most seats . Von Papen stayed as Chancellor & called for another election in Nov 1932 President Franz . Schleicher became new Chancellor as Nazis got less votes Hindenburg Von Papen . President Hindenburg stopped issuing decrees & replaced Schleider with Adolf Hitler GCSE History: Modern World Germany . The end of the Weimar Republic 1929-1933 .

4a Was the Weimar Republic doomed to fail?

YES: reasons No: reasons GCSE History: Modern World Germany . The end of the Weimar Republic 1929-1933 .

4b Complete the timeline for the events 'the end of the Weimar Republic 1929 - 1933' Highlight successes & failures

1929

1930

1931

1932

1933 GCSE History: Modern World Germany . The rise of Hitler & the Nazi Party .

Lebenstraum expand Germany 5 5.3 Re-arm Germany Abolish the 5.1 Adolf Hitler Treaty of Versailles Background Strong government Fought in WWI, What did the Destory communists winning medals for Nazi Partty bravery. He was very believe in? angry when Germany Increase old-age surrendered. After the war he pensions End the worked for the army following Weimar Republic extremist groups. Joined German Workers' Party in Government take Remove Jews from 1919, it became the Nazi Party in over big industries important jobs 1920. Nazi Party Aim to overthrow Weimar govt. Own army - SA (Stormtroopers) Hitler became leader in 1922, he Growth of the Nazi Party in the 1920s was intelligent & a very good Munich Putsch . Mein Kampf . Change of tactics . speaker Swastika became the Nazi flag. 5.4 5.5 Colours were from old flag of the Munich Putsch 1923 Change of tactics for the Nazis Kaiser. Why? 5.2 Why? . after Munich Putsch failure Hitler realised . hoped for army support him the Nazis could not take power by force Hermann Goering . thought Bavarian govt would help him but that they needed to win elections Fighter pilot hero from How to get support? WWI. Joined in 1922, Failure . Army & police stopped the Nazis The Nazis were happy to change their leader of the SA. . Hitler & Lindenburg were arrested policies to get support Working class Rudlf Ness Trial . Anti Jewish messages were popular Soldier & pilot from . Hitler, Lindenburg, Rohm & others on trial Middle class WWI. Joined in 1920, . Wanted a strong government - Bruning was Hitler's secretary Success cut wages . Gave Hitler a a chance to be famous & responsible for party Businessmen . Judges were lenient - Hitler sentenced to . End to communism & trade unions administration. only 9 months in prison - had own room & Hitler Youth allowed visitors . Attracted young people to the party Heinrich Himmler Public Meetings Joined in 1923, was . Nazis were very good at public speaking regional party leader. . In villages & towns across Germany Mein Kampf . If they said something people liked they Ernst Rohm (My Struggle) repeated it in other meetings Captain in WWI. Member . Whilst in prison Hitler wrote his political SA (Brownshirts) of Freikorps, supported ideas down in a book . Made the Nazis look organised & strong Hitler as leader. Set up SA . Published in 1925 it became a bestseller in 1921. "the decisions made must be by one man, Geobbels was in charge of Nazi only he alone may possess the authority propoganda GCSE History: Modern World Germany . The rise of Hitler & the Nazi Party .

5a Top ten reasons for Nazis getting support in the 1920s

Reason Explanation

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 GCSE History: Modern World Germany . The rise of Hitler & the Nazi Party .

5b Read each statement & decide if it is True or False

Statement T F

1. Hitler won medals for bravery in World War One

2. Hermann Goering was a hero in the German Navy

3. Mein Kampf means 'My Prison'

4. Ernst Rohm set up the SA in 1929

5. The Hitler Youth attract young people to the party

6. Hitler's SA made the Nazis look strong & organised

7. The Nazis wanted to end the Weimar Republic

8. The Nazis & Communist were allies

9. Hitler believed in 'Lebenstraum'

10. Rudulph Hess was Hitler's secretary

11. Hitler wrote a book whilst in prison

12. Hitler hated the use of propaganda

13. The Nazis held public meetings all over Germany

14. Hitler hated the Treaty of Versailles & wanted to abolish it

15. The Nazis changed policies, if it meant getting more support GCSE History: Modern World Germany . Victory for the Nazi Party 1929 -33 .

6.3 Weimar politics: Hindenburg: . Weak coalition govts Great Depression: . Didn't believe in democracy . SDP left the Reichstag in 1930 6 . Weimar govts seemed to have . Liked strong government no answers for the . Hindenburg ruled by economic problems decree,making govt. look weak . Kept powers of President strong Situation changes . People fed up with politics . Three Chancellors in 3 years, of the Weimar, whilst . Chancellors: Papen & Schleider 1920s v 1930s 6.1 meant people wanted a strong unemployment rose weak government . Voters looked to the extreme 1920s . Thought he could control Hitler left & right wing parties for when he became Chancellor People generally happy with answers to the problems Weakness of the Weimar govt in the 1920s & Weimar Republic supported the centre political The economic Politics of parties depression Hindenburg 1928: 12 seats in Reichstag Why did Hitler 1930s come to power Unhappy with Weimar govt. as in 1933? Hitler's depression hit Germany hard & Nazi campaigns leadership unemplyment grew & propaganda People supported more extreme Hitler gained support: parties: Nazis & Communists Businessmen: Violence Nazis attacked others: 1932: 230 / 196 seats in Reichstag . Top industrialists supported him & intimidation Blamed Weimar parties: as they feared communisim . "Stab in the back" theory . Gave money to run the . Causing Great Depression campaigns Hitler's SA: Blamed Jews: Rallies: . Over 600,000 SA . Causing Great Depression . Gave stirring speeches around . Attracted many people with . Said there were communists & the country, using a plane to their order, discipline & uniforms capitalists destorying Germany Reichstag Fire travel . Distrupted & stopped other parties campaigns especially Blamed Communists: 6.2 . Spoke about the issues that concerned ordinary people the communits . Causing trouble President Hindenburg . Planning a revolution like Not a supporter of in Russia democracy or the Weimar Republic, but Propaganda . Under Goebbals inc. disliked Hitler. He . poster & leaflets thought he was above . 8 Nazi newspapers himself & thought the . large rallies . Nazis were bullies. Hitler Hope: last Our Hindenburg thought he would be 6.4 able to control Hitler. Hitler becomes Chancellor & Dictator Hindenburg's choices of Natinalist 1932 Von Papen then Von Schleicher do July elections: Nazi largest party with 230 ( Von Papen Chancellor) not have the support of the November elections: Nazi largest party with 196 ( Von Schleider Chancellor) Reichstag Hindenburg refuses to appoint Hitler as Chancellor 1933 Nationalists Von Schleider resigns after Hindenburg refuses to rule by decree & he does not have Support the Nazis in 1933, forcing Reichstag support Hindenburg to support Hitler. January: Hitler appointed Chancellor, with cabinet of non Nazis (mainly Nationalists) After Reichstag fire: National Emergency - freedoms suspended, communists excluded March: Enabling Act: gave Hitler power to make laws for four years without Reichstag

Hitler becomes dictator of Germany GCSE History: Modern World Germany . Reasons for Hitler's rise to power .

Reasons for Hitler's rise to power 6a :

Short Term Medium Term Long Term

6b Rank the reasons for Hitler's rise to power in 1933. Explain your ranking.

Rank Reason Explanation

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9 GCSE History: Modern World Germany . Hitler consolidates power 1933-34 .

7.2 July 1933: Hitler banned Political Parties Step 1 & Trade Unions Hitler becomes Took their money & arrested some leaders 7 DICTATOR Workers had to join the 'German Labour Front' A Nazi Germany = 7.1 Hitler gained 2/3 majority in Step 2 A Strong Germany Reichstag to change the Gets rid of .A strong leader in total control consititution, bcause . Ignore Treaty of Versailles Communists were banned POLITICAL PARTIES . Rearm Germany plus support of Catholic Party . Strong industry Enabling Act: gives Hitler the ability to pass laws without A Racial Germany Reichstag approval. Step 3 . Believed Ayrians were superior Gets rid of NAZI RIVALS . German problems caused by non Step 4 ayrians e.g. Jews, East Europeans President & Chancellor . Remove non ayrians from FUHRER Night of the Long Knives: Germany SS murdered Rohm & other SA leaders. . Encourage Aryian women to SA forced to merge with German army. have many babies The German Army supported Feared Rohm as possible rival, SA not Hitler to become President when really under Hitler's control & it's actions Hindenburg died in 1934. A Community Germany too violent at times. The German Army swore an oath to Served as a warning to other Nazis. . Believe in the Leader (Fuhrer) & Hitler & became the Wehrmacht. German Army not like SA & Hitler the country (Fatherland) Hitler took the title of: needed army support. = 'Volk, Fuhrer & Vaterland' 'Fuhrer of the Third Reich' . Not want people going to church or social clubs not linked to Nazi . Free speech not allowed Propaganda Hitler's SS 7.3 A Controlled Germany Ministry of Propaganda & Enlightment (Schutzstaffel) Geobbels led the Ministry Led by Himmler Newspapers: only pro Nazi papers allowed Hitler's most trusted military group: District Leader Radios: Nazi controlled, radios cheap so 1. Responsible for security in Germany everyone could have one, inc. cafes & factoires. 2. Waffen SS - loyal& elite armed forces Area Leaders Pro Nazi stories 3. Looked after the concentration camps Movies: all films checked, over 100 per year, to make sure Local Leaders pro Nazi Books: no Jewish or Communist Concentration Camps Cell Leaders writers allowed, only pro Nazi SS ran a number of prisons Persuasion Music: no music by black musicians called concentration camps, & Fear including Dachua. Block Leaders Art: only approved art allowed These were for 'undesirables' Schools: told what to teach, 400,000 look out & arrested for: history pro nazi listen for anti Nazi talk . being 'intellectual' for a block of . against Nazism apartments or group of Gestapo: Secret Police . homosexuals houses (Geheime Staatspolizei) . communists Led by Goering then Heydrich . Jews. Aim was to stop any ideas other than Nazi Many of these concentration camps ideas. 'Enemies of the State' were dealt with became extermination camps where severely. Everyone feared the Gestapo. people were killed. GCSE History: Modern World Germany . Hitler consolidates power 1933-34 .

7a Sequence the events of 1933 - 1934: cut out & place events in the correct order or number the events 1 to 10

Hitler banned political parties Rohm murdered

Night of the Long Knives Hitler became 'Fuhrer of the Third Reich'

Hitler gained 2/3 majority in Reichstag President Hindenburg died

SA merged with the German Army Hitler became President

Enabling Act German army swore an oath to Hitler

7b Which events helped Hitler consolidate power in 1933 - 1934? cut out & place events in order of importance

Hitler banned political parties Rohm murdered

Night of the Long Knives Hitler became 'Fuhrer of the Third Reich'

Hitler gained 2/3 majority in Reichstag President Hindenburg died

SA merged with the German Army Hitler became President

Enabling Act German army swore an oath to Hitler GCSE History: Modern World Germany . The Nazi economy .

Reparations 8.2 . Hitler stopped paying reparations to France & Belgium 8 . Three Chancellors in 3 years, Rearmament meant people wanted a strong . This started in 1935 Wage controls Autarky 8.1 government . Men 18-25 were conscripted . Trade unions were banned into the army for 2 years . Wages were reduced, this . In 3 years, 800,00 men had Self-sufficiency - autarky pleased buisnessmen who Reparations done military serve . Hitler had always aimed to make supported Hitler . Jobs were created as factories Germany self-sufficient (autarky) .Businesses could now employ produced armaments. more people . This meant expanding Germany 's living space (lebensraum), so they would not have to import raw Wage controls The economy Rearmament materials or food under the Nazis Economy under Schacht . Economic Minister 1934-37 . Schtach was not a Nazi but head Public works National Labour of Reichsbank Service . Did trade deals with less Public Works developed countries - raw Huge programme of public works Labour service . Unemployed (6 million) used for projects . For school leavers & unskilled workers materials for German e.g. autobahns (roads), schools, hospitals, military . Each worked for 6 months manufactured goods buildings & Olympic stadiums. . Workers wore uniform, did military style drills & lived in camps + helped Germany rearm . People were proud of the new buildings . Pay was low helped German industry . There was a sense that things were getting done . Worked on major public works projects - see Public Works - more dependent on imports less comsumer goods

Economy under Goering . Goering had 'Four Year Plan' 8.3 . High targets for rearmament The German Labour Front (Volkgemeinschaff) + Tried to artificially make The Nazis has banned trade unions & this replaced them. many The aim was to get everyone working together for the good of the country. raw materials e.g. oil from coal The Labour Front committees decided on the hours of work & wages. Committee elections were stopped when many non Nazis were elected. - Imports not cut The committees could only recommend. Working hours actullay went up & by 1945 the average was 60 hours. Agriculture under Darre Workers needed permission to change jobs . Farmers had supported the Nazis so: Wages often did not increase, so to improve + farmers income rose: working conditions two organisations were set up: taxes were cut, produced less crops so prices rose - food had to be imported Beauty of Labour Strength through Joy (Schonheit der Arbeit) (Kraft durch Freude) Aim: to improve working conditions Aim: to provide activities for workers Autarky failed e.g. better safety in factories e.g. walking trips, concerts & theatre visits less noise in the factories though the highlight was a cruise. There was also a savings scheme to help peole buy a Volkwagen car. GCSE History: Modern World Germany . The Nazi economy .

8a

. Became more . In 3 years, 800,00 dependent on men had . Jobs were created imported goods done military serve Autarky as factories produced Self-sufficiency - autarky . Wages were armaments. . Hitler had always aimed to make reduced, this Germany self-sufficient (autarky) pleased . This meant expanding Germany 's buisnessmen who . Workers needed supported Hitler . Traded manufactured permission to living space (lebensraum), so they goods for raw . Had Four Year Plan change jobs would not have to import raw materials materials or food

Economy under Schacht . Economic Minister 1934-37 . Did trade deals with . Created a sense Economy Rearmament . Schtach was not a Nazi but head of of things getting less developed under Schacht countries Reichsbank done . Did trade deals with less developed countries - raw materials for Agriculture German Labour service German manufactured goods under Darre Labour Front . For school leavers & unskilled workers . Men 18-25 were . Each worked for 6 months + helped Germany rearm conscripted . Workers wore uniform, did military helped German industry Match the headings into the army for 2 style drills & lived in camps . Pay was low . Lebensraum to Public works Reparations years - more dependent on imports get raw materials with the statements . Worked on major public works projects - see Public Works less comsumer goods needed . Colour code . Letter to letter . Number to number Economy Economy under Goering Wage controls . Goering had 'Four Year Plan' under Goering . High targets for rearmament . Hitler stopped paying money + Tried to artificially make many . Farmers income rose National Labour to France & as prices rose Autarky Belgium raw materials e.g. oil from coal Service Public Works - Imports not cut Huge programme of public works . Unemployed (6 million) used for projects Agriculture under Darre e.g. autobahns (roads), schools, hospitals, military . 6 million buildings & Olympic stadiums. . Farmers had supported the Nazis . Working hours unemployed used increased so: to build roads, . Tried to articially . People were proud of the new buildings school, hopsitals etc make raw materials . There was a sense that things were getting done + farmers income rose: e.g. coal taxes were cut, produced less crops so prices rose - food had to be imported . Germany to be . Workers wore self sufficient uniforms, did . Designed for . Worked on major Autarky failed military style drills school leavers & public works & lived in camps unskilled workers projects

Beauty of Labour Strength through Joy (Schonheit der Arbeit) (Kraft durch Freude) Aim: to improve working conditions Aim: to provide activities for workers e.g. better safety in factories e.g. walking trips, concerts & theatre visits less noise in the factories though the highlight was a cruise There was also a savings scheme to help peole buy a Volkwagen car . The Nazi economy .

GCSE History: Modern World Germany . The Nazi economy .

Assess the successes and failures of the economy under the Nazis 8b see also the 'Life in Nazi Germany' sheet

Successes Failures

Autarky Autarky Self-sufficiency - autarky . Hitler had always aimed to make Germany self-sufficient (autarky) . This meant expanding Germany 's living space (lebensraum), so they Agriculture would not have to import raw materials or food

Economy under Schacht . Economic Minister 1934-37 Reparations . Schtach was not a Nazi but head of Reichsbank . Did trade deals with less developed countries - raw materials for Labour service German manufactured goods . For school leavers & unskilled workers Public Works . Each worked for 6 months + helped Germany rearm . Workers wore uniform, did military helped German industry style drills & lived in camps . Pay was low - more dependent on imports . Worked on major public works projects - see Public Works less comsumer goods Working conditions Economy under Goering . Goering had 'Four Year Plan' . High targets for rearmament + Tried to artificially make many Business raw materials e.g. oil from coal - Imports not cut

Agriculture under Darre . Farmers had supported the Nazis Standard of living so: + farmers income rose: taxes were cut, produced less crops so prices rose How successful were the Nazis in managing the economy? b - food had to be imported 22

Autarky failed

Beauty of Labour Strength through Joy (Schonheit derWages Arbeit) often did not increase so to improve(Kraft durch Freude) Aim: to improve workingworking conditions conditions two organisationsAim: were to provide set up: activities for workers e.g. better safety in factories e.g. walking trips, concerts & theatre visits less noise in the factories though the highlight was a cruise There was also a savings scheme to help peole buy a Volkwagen car GCSE History: Modern World Germany . Life in Nazi Germany .

9.3

. Farmers were seen as being very important . The Nazis needed the support of big companies 9 for the Nazis . The businesses benefitted from rearming Germany . Food prices increased under the Nazis . They liked the fact that trade unions were banned Women in . Some farmers did not need to pay for loans BUT Nazi Germany BUT . Only make what the Nazis wanted 9.1 . Government set targets for some . Nazis control everything: prices, wages etc Nazi thinking: . Difficult to get farm workers as young people left to countryside to work in the cities . A woman's place was in the Big business home. Girls were taught that in school & Farmers given lessons in domestic skills . Professional females e.g. doctors Groups & lawyers & many teachers had to in Germany give up their jobs. . Their special role was having Working class Small business babies & looking after them. . The Nazis encouraged women to have babies: . Six million unemployed put on Nazi work . Small businesses did well under the Nazis . Marriage Loans (600 marks) programmes . Big departmments stores were banned . Honour Cross for having babies . Low wages but better than nothing . Jewish stores were closed . Gold Cross for 8+ babies . Built cheaper housing for working class BUT BUT . Traditional craftsmen declined as the Nazis BUT: . Programme wages were very low concentrated on rearmament in factories . No loans for Jews . Jobs temporary . No abortions . Compulsory sterilisation if thought you had a hereditery disease Effects of policies 9.4 . By 1939 more women working Hitler Youth than in 1933 because: (Hilter Jungend) . Women were needed in the Membership compulsory in 1936. factories for rearmament Aim was to control young people & prepare them for the army.

Education 9.2

Minister of Education: Rust German Young People League of Young Girls " Purpose of education is to (Deutsches Jungvolk) (Jungmadelbund) for boys aged 10 -14 for girls aged 10 - 14 years create Nazis" . All teachers had to be members Hitler Youth League of German Girls of the Nazi Teachers League (Hitler Jungend) (Bund Deutscher Madel) . School for everyone until 14 for boys aged 14 - 18 years for girls aged 14 - 18 years . Separate boys & girls schools Activities: Activities: Subjects: German, Geography, Athletics Athletics History, Race Study, Domestic Hiking & Camping Hiking & Camping science, Maths, Health biology, PE Map reading Map reading Learning about Nazi ideas & songs Learning about Nazi ideas & songs No Religious Education plus older boys: plus for older girls: Academic standards dropped. Military skills Domestic skills Cross country marching Preparation for motherhood GCSE History: Modern World Germany . Life in Nazi Germany .

Odd One Out 9a Underline, highlight or circle the 'odd one out', then explain why a b . Compulsory in 1936 . Bund Deutscher Madel . Control young people . Jungmadelbund . Prepare young people for the army . Military Skills . Nazi Teacher League . Domestic Skills

Why? ______Why? ______

______

______c d . Concentrate on academic work . Marriage Loans . School for everyone until 14 . Women in factories . Boys & girls separated in schools . Honour Cross . Schools to create Nazis . Gold Medals

Why? ______Why? ______

______

______

e f . Map reading skills . Important to the Nazis . Hiking & Camping . Food prices increases . Military Skills . Big department stores were closed . Domestic Skills . Did not pay loans

Why? ______Why? ______

______

______GCSE History: Modern World Germany . Life in Nazi Germany .

9b You have the answer, but what is the question?

ANSWER QUESTION

Hitler Jungend

Honour Cross

Nazi Teacher League

Gold Cross

Create Nazis

League of Young Girls

Compulsory Membership

6 million unemployed

Rearming Germany GCSE History: Modern World Germany . Life in Nazi Germany: Opposition .

. Individual religious leaders spoke out against the Nazis e.g. 10.2 Cathloic priest: Cardinal Innitzer 10 & Galen & Protestant Pastor Niemboller. They were arrested Attempts to overthrow & sent to concentration camps. . The traditional opponents of Hitler the Nazis were silenced by the 10.1 . Over 1 million young Religious Gestapo who imprisoned & Beppo Romer people did not join the tortured thousands Hitler Youth groups . Member of the Freikrops then . Some opposed the Nazis organiser for German Communist e.g. Edelweiss Pirates Socialists & Party . These gangs sometimes Communists . Against Nazis from the start attacked Hitler Youth . Planned assassination of Hitler in Opposition 1934 - arrested, released in 1939, Young People to the then plotted again, then arrested Nazis and executed in 1944.

Helmut Hirsch The army . German Jew, member of Black . Many landowners, businessmen Front - anti Nazis living in exile etc had never liked Hitler, but Conservatives . Returned to Germany and preferred him to communism . All men in the armed planned to bomb Nazi HQ in . Others who supported him at forces had to swear an oath to Hitler Nuremburg first, came to dislike the Nazi ways . Seniors officers were concerned about the . When the war started to go aganist Nazification of the army . Hirsch was excuted in 1937 Germany many questioned Hitler's . Some questioned Hitler's military decisions compentency particularly during the last years of the war 20th July Plot Most famous of plots . Attempt to kill Hitler in the Wolf's Liar in 1944 by army officiers . Many army officers realised that 10.3 Nazi attitudes to religion: Hitler said he believed in religious Germany was losing the war after freedom in his speeches but attacked all religions and religious leaders. 1943 . Attempt to take over the army to get a peace agreement with Allies . Organised by the German German churches support the Nazis at first: Resistance Nazis preferred simple, traditonal family life NOT party life of the Weimar . Several other attempts to kill Religious people & Nazis against the Communists Hitler before this one . Stauffenburg planted the bomb (Operation Valkyrie) & left room. Catholic Church Protestant Church The explosion killed 4 people but Some for, some aganist the Nazis Hitler & others survived, saved by Learned that Nazis not be trusted the large conference table For: Bishop Meiser, because aganist Catholic Youth was banned in 1937 communism . Resulted in over 7,000 people arrested by the Gestapo, most of Catholic schools under Nazi control Against: Confessing Church - Pastor whom were executed Niemoller killed by Gestapo Catholic priests arrested & sent to Dauchau concentration camp Nazi Church won support from some GCSE History: Modern World Germany . Life in Nazi Germany: Opposition .

10a Complete the table, for each of the groups who opposed the Nazis

Opposition Religious Socialists & Conservatives Young people Army group groups Communists

Why they opposed the Nazis?

Why were they a threat to the Nazis?

How the Nazis dealt with them? GCSE History: Modern World Germany . Life in Nazi Germany: Opposition .

10b For each statement decide whether it it True or False

Statement T F

1. Beppo Romer was a member of the Freikorps

2. Most young people did not join the Hitler Youth

3. Catholic Youth was banned in 1937

4. Nazis preferred a simple, traditional family life

5. Operation Valkyrie was a success

6. All men had to swear an oath to Hitler when they joined the army

7. The Edelweiss Pirates supported Hitler

8. Helmut Hirsch was a member of the Black Front

9. Many rich people supported Hitler because he was against the communists

10. Religious people were arrested and sent to concentration camps

11. The Gestapo arrested Hitler's opponents

12. The 'Wolf's Liar' plot was in 1941

13. Many army officers were aganist Hitler when they realised they were losing the war

14. Some religious leaders supported the Nazis because they were against the communists

15. Hitler was finally assassinated in 1945 GCSE History: Modern World Germany . Nazi Racial Beliefs & Minorities .

. Hitler & the Nazis believed the Germans & Northern Europeans 11.3 were superior to others . Non Germans were called . Gypsies were disliked by many 11 'untermensch' - lesser people Germans before Hitler . Ayrans were superior . They were 'untermensch' Nazis & the Jews . They were nomads and not part . Jews were a small group in of German life 11.1 Germany, but were very successful - March 1933 many were jealous Superior race . Hitler ordered the SA to make . 1% of population, but 16% of Gypsies life difficult for the Jews lawyers & 10% of doctors . Shops were smashed, people stopped using jewish businesses, Jewish success Racial Superiority lawyers etc Blacks Nuremburg Laws 1935 Anti-Semitism . Jews lost German citizenship Jews blamed . There were few blacks in . Jews not marry non Jews Germany but women were . Jews banned from public facilties not allowed to marry them . German schools taught children Mentally ill . Black American music was . Weimar government had 'un-German' to hate the Jews many Jews in it . Any mixed raced children Kristallnacht . The Nazis blamed the were sterilised Weimar for signing the Treaty . Mental illness was seen as . In 1938 a German diplomat in of Versailles hereditory & uncurable Paris was killed by a Jew whose . Hitler blamed the Jews . Mentally ill people were sterilised family had been expelled from . After 1939 the mentally were killed as they were of no use Germany . The Nazis launched an attack on Jews, destroying businesses and over 30,000 were sent to concentration camps. Ghettos . Jews were moved to areas of Hitler's views cities 11.4 A person's character, ability etc was decided by race. e.g. Warsaw Ghetto. Food here was Some of his ideas came from Darwinist theories including limited & there was no heating. In 'survival of the fittest' Warsaw 50,000 people died. He saw Aryans as a superior race Other races were inferior: Jews, Roma, Slavs, Arabs, Blacks etc The Final Solution 11.2 Polish Jews 'Weak' people were to be exterminated e.g. mentally ill, homosexuals etc . When German invaded Poland 3 million more Jews came under Nazi control . The decision was made to exterminate all Jews Politics Protect the Aryan race . Some were just shot, then gas chambers in conncentration camps Racial groups e.g. the Jews were involved Hitler saw the Ayrian race as being now became the method as more in politics to overthrow the Aryan race. under threat through inter marriage. people could be killed that way. Hitler linked the Jews with an Reproduction should be only between Some were made to work before international conspiracy through the strongest races. being killed, or died whilst working. communism in the East as well banking in the West Aryans had a right to take over the land of Slavs etc GCSE History: Modern World Germany . Nazi Racial Beliefs & Minorities .

11a WORDSEARCH

P A S P M A C N O I T A R T N E C N O C

J K O O M Y C A R I P S N O C H O I U H

E V T L E R A M I E W T W A S R A W N G

D O T H T A C I H L L I E U T A U R G p

P L E F I N A L S O L U T I O N T A E D

O S H O A S T E R I L I S E D Y A D R U

L E G Y P S I E S A N O N D E L P S M T

A R H I L H E M S I T I M E S I T N A O

N U R E M B U R G L A W S R O U P K N N

D G A T H C A N L L A T S I R K S T A Y

1. Passed in 1935, banned Jews from being German citizens: N______L______

2. Areas where Jews were housed after 1935: G______

3. Known as the 'untermensch' : G______

4. Hitler considered these to be superior: A______

5. The name of the government blamed for many of Germany's problems: W______

6. Where Nazis sent the Jews and others for extermination: C______C ______

7. Hitler linked the Jews as part of an international C ______

8. An evening when Jewish businesses were attacked: K ______

9. This happened to mixed race and mentally ill people: S ______

10. "Survival of the fittest" theory by: D______

11. City where over 50,000 Jews died: W______

12. Country with over 3 million Jews taken over by Germany: P______

13. Term given to the extermination of the Jews and others : F______S______

14. Term for discrimination gainst the Jews: A______S______

15. Black music from the USA was described as: U______GCSE History: Modern World Germany . Nazi Racial Beliefs & Minorities .

11b WORDSEARCH

P A S P M A C N O I T A R T N E C N O C

J K O O M Y C A R I P S N O C H O I U H

E V T L E R A M I E W T W A S R A W N G

D O T H T A C I H L L I E U T A U R G p

P L E F I N A L S O L U T I O N T A E D

O S H O A S T E R I L I S E D Y A D R U

L E G Y P S I E S A N O N D E L P S M T

A R H I L H E M S I T I M E S I T N A O

N U R E M B U R G L A W S R O U P K N N

D G A T H C A N L L A T S I R K S T A Y

1. Passed in 1935, banned Jews from being German citizens: ______

2. Areas where Jews were housed after 1935: ______

3. Known as the 'untermensch' : ______

4. Hitler considered these to be superior: ______

5. The name of the government blamed for many of Germany's problems: ______

6. Where Nazis sent the Jews and others for extermination: ______

7. Hitler linked the Jews as part of an International: ______

8. An evening when Jewish businesses were attacked: ______

9. This happened to mixed race and mentally ill people: ______

10. "Survival of the fittest" theory by: ______

11. City where over 50,000 Jews died: ______

12. Country with over 3 million Jews taken over by Germany: ______

13. Term given to the extermination of the Jews and others : ______

14. Term for discrimination gainst the Jews: ______

15. Black music from the USA was described as: ______GCSE History: Modern World Germany

11c

. Passed in 1935 . Place where Jews were restricting the Jews' forced to live in a part of . Followed the killing of a lifestyle a city, which was German diplomat in Paris overcrwoded by a Jew

. An example was in Warsaw, Poland . An evening when Jewish businesses were attacked

. Against the Jewish people Nuremburg Ayrans Laws

Anti Darwinist . White, northern Semitism Theories European people

Match the headings with the statements Ghetto (some of more than one match) Kristallnacht

. Colour code . Letter to letter . Number to number International Untermensch Conspiracy

Concentration Gypsies Camp . Belief that Northern Europeans were superior

. Where many non Ayrans were sent . A theory about communists taking over in the East & Jewish . Ideas that nature selected the bankers in the West strongest species - 'survival of the fittest'

. Non Germans

. Nomadic people in Europe GCSE History: Modern World Germany . Life during World War II .

Life in germany during the war was very difficult for civilians. There was a big 12.2 difference between town and country. Allied bombing was devastating across Germany e.g. Hamburg and Dresden. Condtions became increasingly difficult 12 as the war progressed. War production was much less than the USSR & the USA and more comparable to Britain in many areas. German war 12.1

production 1939 1939 1940 1941 19421945 1944 1943 1939 8,295 . Start of the war - people optimistic of victory as Army was very succesful . Rationing introduced for food and other things (worse than Britain) 1940 10,862 . Very boring diet . Clothes also rationed - impossible to get new coats or shoes 1941 12,401 . Things improved as they invaded other countries esp. on black market . Hot water limted to two days per week 1942 15,409 . Blitzkreig tactics led to quick victories in Poland, Netherlands, Belgium & France 1943 24,807

1944 40,593 . Battle of Britain in the summer with the Luftwaffe attacking, airfields, shipping and then Bitish cities. After 12 weeks of air warfare, an end was called and Operation Sealion

Aircraft production Aircraft 1945 7,540 (invasion of Britain was postponed)

. Propaganda increased to keep up morale and help the war effort e.g. gave their fur coats, and woollen clothes for the army . Yugoslavia and Greece take by Germany 1939 . June 1941 Hitler ordered the invasion of USSR (Operation Barbarossa) 1940 59,000 . Hopes of a Blitzkreig victory soon ended as the USSR fought back

1941 96,000 . Japanese bomb Pearl Harbour: Hitler declares war on the USA

1942 117,000 . Battle of Stalingrad 1943 263,000 . Russian forces push back German armies across USSR . Hopes of a Blitzkreig victory soon ended as the USSR fought back 1944 509,000 . Rationing got worse with little meat available . A 60 hour work week was introducedGer 1945 111,000

Machine gun production

. German forces surrender at Stalingrad . Non essential businesses were closed e.g. sweet shops, making of clothes was stopped . Geman troops surrender in North Africa . Jews in Ghettos sent to concentration camps for extermination . 3 million women were mobilised to work - many tried to avoid it

1939 100 (base) . Alllied D-Day landings 1940 107 . Over 7 million forced labourers in factories and on farms . Assassination attempt on Hitler fails 1941 104 . Germany fighting and losing on two fronts - East and West 1942 110 . Final mobilisation for 'Total War' - Home Guard formed 1943 116

1944 111 . Allied bombing killed 150,000 in Dresden in two nights Output per worker . Millions homeless across Germany . Hitler commits suicide . Germany surrenders (VE Day) . Bombing kills almost as many civilians as German soldiers died in the fighting GCSE History: Modern World Germany . Vocabulary & People .

AA Match up the photograph with the person and his description(s). Number the name and descriptions for each person or Whole topic revision give each person a colour and circle each name and description in the same colour

Joseph Ernst Rohm Gustav Adolf Geobbels Stresemann Hitler

Hindenburg Hermann Heinrich Rudlf

Names Goering Himmler Hess

Joined Nazis in 1922, Thought the Nazis Captain in WWI. Member leader of the SA. were bullies of Freikorps, supported Hitler as leader. Set up SA in 1921.

Head of Hitler's SS Fighter pilot hero from WWI. President before Hitler

President before Hitler Head of Gestapo

Corporal in WWI.

Descriptions Killed on Night of the Chancellor of Long Knives Head of Economy & Weimar Germany Four Year Plans

Head of Nazi Organised Hitler's rallies propoganda Joined Nazis in 1920, was Hitler's secretary & responsible for party Wrote Mein Kampf Appointed Von Papen as administration Chancellor GCSE History: Modern World Germany . Vocabulary & People .

BB Match up the word or phrase with its meaning

Whole topic revision Right wing Group inc. Jews Democracy planning to rule political group the world Anti semitism

Prices kept Right wing Propaganda increasing former soldiers Rearmament

"Stab in More than one Attack of Jewish the back" party ruling businesses Hitler Youth

Great Period of high Building up army, navy & Edelweiss Depression unemployment airforce Pirates

Base for against Jews Freikorps politicans Freikorps

Publicising Areas in cities for International Lebenstraum a cause Jews & others Conspiracy

Electing Coalition Mass killings to get politicansFreikorps Freikorps Autarky Government rid of Jews etc

Increased Hyper living space for Self sufficiency Final inflation Germany Solution

Young people Hitler's book Reichstag aganist Hitler Youth Kristallnacht

Weimar signing Nazi organisation Mein Kampf peace treaties for young people Ghettos GCSE History: Modern World Germany . Revision .

German Republic Treaty Of Versailles Crises & Revolutions Weimar government Dictat - dictated peace Opposition to the Weimar: President War Guilt Kaiser supporters: army, judges and civil Chancellor Colonies taken away servants Reichstag Lost land Left wing: Spartacists Proportional Representation Reduced army to 100,000 Right wing: National Party, Nazis Coalition governments Navy had 6 ships Weimar blamed for T of V No airforce Hyper inflation Pay Reparations Attempted revolutions: Spartacists, Freikorps, Munich Putsch

Weimar Germany Stresemann: Economy: Rentenmark, End of Weimar Government Rise of the Nazis Dawes Plan & Young Plan Doomed to fail? Munich Putsch & Mein Kampf Int. Relations: Locarno Pact Constitution, proportional re[resentation, Public Meetings League of Nations, resentment of Weimar, economic problems Propaganda Kellogg-Briand Pact Wall Street Crash: unemployment Hitler Youth Political Stability Dawes Plan: repay to USA End Weimar Rule German arts thrived Bruning government: raise taxes Against Treaty of Versailles Golden Era Von Papen government Rearm Germany Strong Government Anti communist

Hitler come to power Nazis in power Weakness of Weimar Dictator: Enabling Act Nazi economy Economic Depression Banned political parties Aim: Autarky Hitler's leadership Get rid of opponents Lebensraum Anti Communism Fuhrer of the Third Reich Trade deals with less developed countries Nazi Propoganda President & Chancellor Less consumer goods Nazi violence Strong government Imports increased! Reichstag Fire Control all aspects of life: Stopped Reparations Hindenburg Propoganda Rearmament Gestapo Public Works SS & Concentration Camps German Labour Front

Life in Nazi Germany Nazi racial beliefs Opposition to the Nazis Education: prepare Anti-semitism Religious groups Men for the army Jewish International Conspiracy Catholics & Protestants Women for having babies Survival of the fittest 'Aryan' Young people - Edelweiss Pirates Teach them Nazi views Socialists & Communists Hitler Youth: Nuremburg Laws Army: Control young people Kristallnacht several attempts on Hitler's life Living standards: Final Solution against Hitler's handling of the war Jobs but low wages Farmers: income rose, Business: profits rose BUT Nazis controlled everything