Comprehensivi

HAZLE TOWNSHIP COMPREHENSIVI

PATTE.RNS HAZLE TOWNSHIP

COMPREHENSIVE PLAN

PART ONE - DEVELOPMENT PATTERNS

The preparation of this report was financed in part through an urban planning grant from the Department of Housing and Urban Development, under the provisions of Section 701 of the Housing Act of 1954, as amended, administered by the Bureau of Community Development, Pennsylvania Department of Community Affai rs.

Apri 1 I967 HAZLE TOWNSHIP PLANNl NG COMMlSS ION

Frank A, Rowland, Chairman

John A. Salata, Jr. Secretary

John C. Homa, Jr.

Michael A. Tranguch

Joseph M. Sarosky TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction 1

Chapter One CONS I DERATI ONS ...... 1-1 Regional Area ...... 1-1 Geology ...... 1-1 Historical Background ...... 1-1 Population ...... 1-4 Housing ...... 1-6 Economic Factors ...... 1-9 Summary and Conclusions ...... 1-15

Chapter Two COMPONENTS ...... 2-1 Background ...... 2-1 Historical Development ...... 2-1 Population...... 2-4 Local Economy ...... 2-6 Physical Features and Geographic Location...... 2-11

Chapter Three CHARACTERISTICS ...... 3-1 Background ...... 3-1 Existing Land Use by Neighborhood ...... 3-1 Housing and Heighborhood Analysis ...... 3-14 Environmental Sanitation ...... 3-18

Chapter Four COORDINATES., ...... 4-1 Background ...... 4-1 Transportation ...... 4-1 Uti 1 i ties ...... 4-5 Community Faci 1 i ties ...... 4-7 Governmental Operations ...... 4-10 Governmental Controls ...... 4-14

Chapter Five CONSENSUS ...... 5-1 Explanation ...... 5-1 Regional Relationships ...... 5-1 Planning Concepts ...... 5-2 Planning Characteristics ...... 5-3 Planning Coordinates ...... 5-4 Summary ...... 5-6 LIST OF I LLUSTRATI ONS

Fol lowinq Paqe

1 Hazleton Area 1-1

2 Population 1-4

3 Employment Categories , Luzerne Co 1-9

4 Historical Map 2- 1

5 Employment CaTegories, Hazle Twp. 2- 7

6 Farni ly Income 2- 9

7 S lope Map 2- 13 8 Existing Land Use 3- 13

9 B1 ight i ng Cond i ti ons 3-15

10 Va 1 ue of Owner-Occupi ed Dwe 11 i ngs 3-17

11 Road Classification 4-2

12 C i rcu1 at i on P rob 1 ems 4-4

13 Community Facilities 4-9

I4 Mun i c i pa 1 Expend i tures 4- 12 INTRODUCTION

PART ONE, DEVELOPMENT PATTERNS

The volume entitled Development Patterns is the first of a three-part report comprising a Comprehensive Plan for Hazle Township. It is concerned with an analysis of existing regional and local conditions and growth trends which affect planning and development. In addition to the primary concern of basic data analysis, specific community problems and approaches to their solutions are also presented. Part One consists of the following five chapters,

Cons i derat i ons

This chapter is a general review of Luzerne County and the Hazleton area. Stress is placed on physical conditions, historical background, population complexion, and economic condition. Its purpose is to give insight to the individual community's position and role as an entity of the broader area.

Components

This chapter examines local history, population, economy, and physical conditions. Stress is placed on the relationship of these factors as they affect possible planning proposals. These conditions are relatively fixed and are not readily changeable from within the Township.

Characteristics

In this chapter more changeable aspects of local conditions are explored. These include existing land use, housing, and environmental sanitation conditions. Their immediate influence on planning proposals is quite significant. Favorable conditions should be retained and proper planning guides should be established to eliminate those which have a detrimental effect.

Coordinates

Existing community facilities and services are the concern of this chapter. The effectiveness of existing roads, utilities and other facilities and services is measured, and the financial commitment of the local government and school district to support them is examined. In addition, existing ordinances are reviewed in the light of their effect on planning.

1. -Concerns

T’he final chapter examines local problems, both existing and potential, facing the community. Most of these have been developed from existing conditions, while others are less readily definable. This chapter provides a link between Part One and the development proposals presented in Part Two.,

PART TWO , DEVELOPMENT PROPOSALS

T’he second volume of the Comprehensive Plan will utilize the analysis developed in Part One. General planning goals will be presented, and long-range recommendations will be proposed concerning future land use, circulation and community facilities. Particular emphasis will be placed on the development of a continuing planning program and on the creation of plans for small areas within the Township.

PART THREE, DEVELOPMENT PROCEDURES

The final volume will review various methods of implementing the planning proposals advanced in Part Two. Emphasis will be placed on land use controls, particularly zoning and subdivision controls, as a means of enforcing the plan. Methods by which future proposal can be evolved will be reviewed. Other effectuation techniques will be discussed with attention focused on fiscal planning through capital improvements scheduling and programs of community involvement.

2” Chapter One

CONS I DERAT 1 ONS

REG1 ONAL AREA_

For statistical purposes Hazle Township is placed by the U.S. Bureau of the Census in the Wi lkes-Barre - Hazleton Standard Metropolitan Statis- tical Area (SMSA). This SMSA includes all of Luzerne County. To better understand the Township's position with respect to its region, and for purposes of comparisqn, the larger statistical area has been sub-divided. Hazle Township has been grouped with the Townships of Black Creek, But- ler, Foster and Sugarloaf; the Boroughs of Conyngharn, Freeland, Jeddo and West Hazleton; and the City of Hazleton to form the Hazleton Area. This area is delineated on Map 1 on the following page.

--GEOLOGY

Geologically speaking, Luzerne County has a relatively short history when compared to other sections of Pennsylvania. About 300,000,000 years ago this section of the State was swampland, During the next 240,000,000 years the area was intermittently covered with water, never rising sufficiently to become more than swampland, The carboniferous rocks created during this period still dominate the area. Intermixed with these rock formations are a large number of plants which fossilized under the pressure of the uplifting action beginning 60,000,000 years ago.

In the Hazleton Area the predominant geologic formations are the Post- Pottsville, Pottsville and Maych Chunk shale formations. These form a part of a larger formation referred to as the Pennsylvania system. Only the Post-Pottsville formation is a prime coal condition. The coal is mixed with sandstone, shale, fire-clay, carbonaceous slate and conglom- erates.

HI STOR I CAL BACKGROUND

The County was named for De La Luzerne, the French minister to the United States in 1778. The Hazleton Area was first explored by Captain 0. Klader in 1780. In 1804 the Lehigh and Susquehanna Turnpike Company was chartered to build the Berwick Turnpike to connect Berwick with the Lehigh Valley. Hazleton developed from Drumhaller's Tavern, which was built in I809 at the intersection of the Berwick Turnpike with q new road to Wilkes-Barre. By 1840 there were ten houses located at what is now the center of Hazle- ton.

Experiments conducted by Colonel Jesse Fell in 1808 at Wilkes-Barre assured a domestic market for the anthracite which had been discovered in that

1 '- 1 HAZLETON AREA area in 1762, One of the world's most valuable coal fields, the Eastern Middle Coal Field, was discovered in Southern Luzerne County in 1826 by Iohn Charles, It is not a large coal field, covering only ten square miles, but it has few faults and its depth extends 1,500 feet, which is exceprionslly deep, The major seam is thirty feet thick; of this, eighteen feet is prime coal. With this discovery, the development of the hazleton Area began,

The area experienced arl economic boom as well as a corresponding popu- lacion growth One year after tlazle Township, which then included both hazleron City and West Hazleton Borough, was created from Sugarloaf [omship in 1839, ies population was 895. By 1860 the population reached 10,550 In the early history of the Area are recorded many success stories such as chose of Thomas Minford and William Hale, who at very early ages worked up the ranks from breaker boys to mine foremen. Not everyone was so successful, and many toiled long hours as common miners with very little to look forward to. Nonetheless, there were few of the immigrants from Eastern and Southern Europe who did not enjoy a better life than they had left, The coal industry brought with it unprecedented prosperity which while equally shared touched nearly everyone. Coal production in Luzerne County and especially in the Hazleton Area was remarkable. In 1875 2,000,000 tons were produced for the Hazleton Area. This amount was equivalerlt to 15 percent of the coal production in Luzerne County and IO percent of the Statejs coal production.

While coal brought prosperity, it also brought a changing landscape. By 1959 Luzerne County had about 14,000 acres of anthracite waste lands due to strippings arld breaker waste. The effect of coal on the landscape is well expressed in the following quote, written in 1893.

"The marl who first looked upon this locality, if he could now revisit it, the glimpses of the moon would find so little in appearance of what he really saw then, that he could not believe it was all the same. The streams and the hills are still here, but even these are so changed; especially the latter, the pine trees no longer towering straight toward the clouds, but farms, and dividing lines, much like a piece of quilt extending from the valley to the mountain top. In the flat valley, often where once was the heavy timber so grace- fully swaying in the breeze are now equally high elevations, promontories. mounds and hills of culm, that have been thrown behind the advancing miners as they dug for the black diamonds.''

Because of rechqologfcal advances made in the use of other fuels and for other reasons, coal production dropped from 27 million tons in I930 to little over eight million in 1957. Mining employment fell from over 61,000 LO 12,442 during the same period.

Production of anthracite has continued to decline approximately an additional 20"/, since 1957, and employment was reduced to approximately 6,900 by 1960

1-2 In 1876 the following description of Luzerne County was made;

"It is celebrated for its vast coal fields, in the production of which it is the banner county of the State, and in many other works of industry will compare favorably with her sister count i es .'I

In 1943 the description was somewhat altered

"Luzerne County is blessed with some of the world's finest deposits of hard coal. For more than 50 years this magnificent resource has dwarfed almost to insignificance, all of the county's other natural resources. LuFerne's fortunes rose steadily for decades, while anthracite was king of fuels.

Then came vigorous competition and King Anthracite had to share his throne with soft coal, gas and oil. In a brief 25 years, anthracite production dropped one-half below its peak. The anthracite counties began to suffer grievously from unemployment, dwindling taxes and general impoverishment."

Luzerne County and the Hazleton area in general never really made a comeback after the Depression. The Federal Anthracite Commission report in 1942 described the situation as "a continuing unsatisfactory economic condition in the area despite the impetus given to business generally by war prsduction." After the war, the situation still did not change. In 1958 unemployment was over I7 percent for the County. In the mining industry it was twice that percentage. The decline in coal production had a general affect: on the total economy. Of the 176 major labor markets in the United Sta!es in 1958, the Luzerne County area ranked 174th in the weekly pay of production workers, Be- tween 1939 and 1954, manufacturing jobs had doubled, but the total unemployment figure remain high.

'The Luzerne County Planning Commission estimated that to decrease unemployment in 1965 to 6 percenq, at least 1,600 new jobs would be required. Concern about employment became a dominant theme in Luzerne County. In the Hazleton area CAN-DO wqs created in 1955 to encourage the industrial development of the area. Since I956 2& million dollars was raised. Much of this sum had been used to acquire property and build shell buildings for industrial occupancy. CAN-DO'S Valmont Indus- trial Park has 835 acres. CAN-DO claims to have attracted 15 new industries employing over 1,900 persons. The success of these and other efforts can be seen in the U.S. Department of Labor's announcement on July 24, 1966, that the Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton area moved from a substantial unemployment classification to a moderate unemployment classification. Employment increased from 121,900 in 1960 to 128,200 ip 1966. During the same period unemployment decreased from 10.4 percent to 3.8 percent.

1-3 400

3 50

300

2 50

2 00

150

100

0 1910 1920 1930 1940 I950 1960 YEAR

PQPULATION 'HAZLETON AREA-LUZERNE CO 1910-1960 Since 1958, a turning point has been reached, and Luzerne County appears to be making substantial economic gains. The troubling fact, however, is that much of these gains may be attributable to the withdrawal of persons from the labor force. Detailed statistics are not known to determine how much of the drop in unemployment is attributable to a reduction in the labor force. The fact was mentioned in the Pennsylvania Business Survey of March 1965, that in one month (January to February) unemployment fell by 1,500 but that additional jobs accounted for only 200 of the decrease. Not until 1970 when the U.S, Census makes available detailed population statistics will it be possible to determine whether new employment or a shrinking labor force is the prime reason behind the reduction in unemployment f i gures .

POPU LAT I ON

In general, the population of the Hazleton Area reached its maximum in 1940, and since that time it has declined significantly as shown by Exhibit 2 on the following page. The decline has been caused primarily by out-migration of persons under the age of 45 to find better employment opportunities in other areas. This fact is shown by the following table, which makes a proportionate comparison of age groups from I930 to 1960,

Proportion of the Total Pqpulation. by Aqe Group, Luze,rne County from 1930 to 1960

!930 1940 1950

0-9 22.3 15.5 16.8 16.8 I 0-19 23.2 21.5 14.9 15,6 20-44 35.9 39.3 39.0 30.6 45-64 15.0 18.5 21.6 2579 65 & over 3.6 5.1 7.4 11.1

It can easily be seen that the population is gradually aging. In 1930 less than 20 percent was over age 45, while in I960 nearly twice that proportion was over age 45. These are the only age groups which shQw increases since 1930. All of the others show declines. The effect of net migration (death and out-migration minus in-migration) can be seen by aging the I950 population, by age group, ten years, apd aging the I940 population figures twenty years, as in the following tqble. If no one died or moved in this interval, the maximum potential population in I960 would be the figure shown. However, the I960 actual figures indicate a substantial decrease in every age group.

1-4 Net Migration Between 1940 and 1960

Age in 1960 1950 Maximum I 960 Actual Potential in 1960 Potential in ,1960

IO - 19 54,226 67,158 - 20 - 29 33,847 58,364 68,555 30 - 39 46,065 62,087 94,966 40 - 49 51,991 62,225 91,860 50 - 59 45,824 53,166 64,043 60 - 69 33,939 43,229 54,344 70 G over 22,803 41,474 48, I27

The greatest decreases occurred in the age groups 20-29 and 30-39. This has the effect of reducing the size of the potential labor force.

Also of interest are some statistics on household characteristics. Figures are shown comparing the number of married couples in 1950 and 1960, showing the proportion with their own household.

1950 j960 % Chanqe

Number of married couples 86,810 78,954 -7,856 % wi th own household 91% 97% +6%

The number of persons living within the family are compared to those who are considered unrelated individuals.

1950 1960 ' % Chanqe

Population in households 386,578 340,970 - 1 2% % in families 86"/, 8 1% - !% % unrelated individuals;: 1& 1 9% + PA ;':includes non-relatives within a family household and those in group quarters

The number of households and their median size as well as institutional population are also shown. 1950 1960 % Chanqe Number of househo 1 ds 106,658 105,703 - 5% Population per household 3.62 3 -22 -1 I% Institutional population 1,678 3,050 +82%

These figures show that while the number of households has actually remained about the same, their size has decreased significantly. Population in insti- tutions and in unrelated individuals has actually shown an increase.

1-5 It is also important to show population estimates for future years. Projections are those of the Luzerne County Planning Commission and the Pennsylvania State Planning Board.

County Population in Luzerne Projection Pa. Projection

1965 348,7 1 7;': 33 8 ,099 1970 350, I33 325,094 I975 355,398;': 3 10,880 1980 360,664 294,679

$:average between IO year projections

These two sources present a wide variation in their projections. The Penn- sylvania State Planning Board shows a continued decline in population from the 346,972 recorded in I960 by the U.S. Census, a decline of 113 percent since 1950. This decrease is expected to increase in magnitude in the 1970's. The Luzerne County Planning Commission shows a slight increase in population by 1970, with a greater increase projected in the 1970's. Future economic conditions in these years will have a significant bearing on the population. If a substantial upswing in the local economy occurs, then the Luzerne County projections may be substantiated. On the other hand, the lack of any significant change in the economic conditions which occurred prior to I960 would favor the projections of the Pennsylvania State Planning Board. Since I960 economic conditions have improved in Luzerne County, although it is questionable whether the increase is sufficient to justify the projections of the County Planning Commi ss ion.

HOUS I NG

Some studies have pointed out that the condition of housing in many towns in coal areas is the greatest drawback to industrial development. It is very important that planning programs in these towns pay particular attention to housing factors. To provide a frame of reference, Penn- sylvania figures are used to provide a comparison with Luzerne County.

Ownership provides some useful information about occupancy practices. These figures are shown as a percentage of all housing units, according to the I960 U.S. Census.

Percentaqe of Hous i nq Uni ts Luzerne County Pennsylvania

owner occupied 5 8"/, renter occupied 39 vacant 3 1 Two facts are evident in these statistics. First, there is a higher incidence of renter occupancy in Luzerne County than in Pennsylvania as a whole, and secondly, there is more stability in the housing market in Luzerne County where a smaller proporation of existing housing units were available. The major item of concern is the structural condition. Three classifications are used, sound, deteriorating, and dilapidated. Homes which require only minor maintenance are classified as sound. Those homes which need significant repair are classified as deteriorating, while those requiring virtual rebuilding are listed as dilapidated,

Percentaqe of Housinq Units Luzerne County Pennsylvania

sound 85% 85% deteriorating 12 12 di lapidating 3 3 1 om 1 O@k

The U.S. Census figures show that there is no difference between structural conditions in Luzerne County and Pennsylvania as a whole.

Another aspect is the year of construction. This is shown for several time periods. All figures are based on the 1960 U.S. Census,

Percentaqe of Housinq Units Luzerne County Pennsylvania

built between I955 and I960 3% bui 1 t between 1950 and 954 4"/, bui 1 t between 1940 and 949 4% built between 1930 and 93 9 8%

built before 1930 T8 1% I oo"/,

These figures show that a major difference between housing in Luzerne County as compared to Pennsylvania is its increased age. Nearly 9cp/, of all housing in Luzerne County was built before World War I1 began. This fact is not surprising after reviewing the population statistics. However, the aging of homes does present a potential problem in Luzerne County.

A factor showing the mobility of the population can be determined from the 1960 U.S. Census. Figures are shown for both rented and owner- occup i ed hous i ng un i ts .

1 ... '1 Percentage of Hous i ng Un i ts by Year Moved Into Unit Owner - Occ up i ed Renter-Occupied Luzerne Co. Pa. Luzerne Co. ' Pa. 1959 5% 8% 19% 3 o"/, 1958 4"/, 6% 11% 1 3% 1957 4% 6% 9% 1 o"/, 1954 to 1956 1 oo/, I@ 18% 17% 1950 to 1953 1 4% 17% 1 4% 11% 1940 to I949 2MI 2 3% 15% 1 I% 1939 or earlier _39"/0 -24"k 1 om 1 oek

These figures clearly indicate the major reason for the stability in the housing market in Luzerne County, the reason being that a greater proportion of persons are content to remain in fheir homes and feel little pressure to relocate elsewhere.

The remaining factor to be considered is one of the most important --- the market value of the home or the rent paid. Figures are shown for both Luzerne County and Pennsylvania.

% of Owner Occupied Homes with Market Values Luzerne County Pennsylvania Less than $5,000 i@k 10% $ 5,000 to $ 7,400 $ 7,500 to $ 9,900 $lO,OOO to $12,400 $12,500 to $15,000 $15,000 to $20,000 over $20,000

% of Renter Occupied Housinq Units with Rents Luzerne County Pennsylvania Less than $20 1% 2% $20 to $29 3% 9x7 $30 to $39 11% 17% $40 to $49 2 oo/, 2 wq $50 to $69 3 Yk 2 a?? $70 to $99 17% 25% $100 or more 4% 5% no cash rent 5% 2%

These figures show a much higher proportiop of owner-occupied homes with very low values in Luzerne County. Yowever, in the other categories and in the amounts paid in monthly rents, it appears that Luzerne County is comparable to statistics for Pennsylvania as a whole. Therefore, despite the fact that many homes in Luzerne County are older and have fewer luxuries, market values at present do not appear to be significantly influences by these facts.

1-8 ----.-___ECONOMIC FACTORS

Of particular importance in Luzerne County is data concerning its ecorlomic condition. This material is divided into two basic sections. The first analyzes characteristics of the basic labor force. IF the second section, attention is focused on those factors which directly affect the economy, here major attention is focused on industrial and retail statistics.

Of primary importance is the size of the labor force. The potential labor force includes all persons 14 and over. Only those persons actually seeking work are shown as being in the labor force. These figures are shown for 1940, 1950, and 1960.

1940 1950 I 960

Male Potential Labor Force 167,935 145,363 122,924 (age 14 and over) Actual Labor Force 132,067 105,963 85,679 % of Potential 78.6% 72.8”/, 69.7% Actual Employed 91,108 96,736 74,502 Act ua 1 Unempl oyed 40,959 9,117 I 1,025

Female Potential Labor Force 168,667 158,358 141 ,I 12 (age I4 and over) Actual Labor Force 41,223 43,903 50,540 % of Potential 24.4% 27 97% 35 * 8”/, Actual Employed 28,843 42,137 47,418 Actual Unemployed 12,380 1,754 3,119

These figures show a gradual shrinking of the male labor force, both in size and in the percentage of its potential size. While the potential female labor force has also declined, an increasing percentage of it is actually in the labor force. Thus, its actual size in numbers has increased. Female labor has always been important in the mining areas where the undue concentration on a virtually all-male industry created a surplus in potential female employment.

Labor force statistics provide general data, but lack specificity. The actual kind of employment can also be analyzed from the standpoint of the category of business offering employment. This is also available from the U.S. Census. Employment by industry is shown in the following tabulation and on exhibit 3 on the following page.

1-9 CATEGORY

AGR IC IJ LTUR E, FORES THY AND FISHERIES

M I N I N G

C 0 N ST R 11C TI0 N

D U R AB LE MANU FACTUR I NG

N 0 N -DU RA B LE MANUFACTURING

WHOLESALE

RETAIL

FI NANC E, I-N S 11 RAN C E AND REAL ESTATE

BUSINESS AND REPAIR SERVICES

PERSONAL SERVICES

PROF E S SlONAL S E RVlCE S

TR A N S PO R TAT ION , COMMUNICATION AND P U E LI C 1J T I L I T I E S

P U ELIC ADM I N I STRATION

OTHER AND NOT REPORTED

5 IO 15 20 25 30 P E R C EN TAG E

EMPLOYMENT CATEGORIES LUZERNE COUNTY 1950-1960 Employment, by Category, 1950 and 1960

1950 -1960 138,873 121,920 Actual Employment % engaged in Agriculture, forestry and fisheries 2 1 Mining 23 5 Construction -4 -4 Total natural resource industries 29 IO Durable manufacturing 4 IO Non-durable manufacturing -23 -26 Total manufacturing 27 36 Who 1 esa 1 e 2 3 Retai 1 15 14 Finance, i nsurance, and real estate 2 1 Bus i ness and repa i r services -2 -2 Total commerce 21 20 Personal services 4 3 Professional services -12 -13 Tota 1 services 16 16 Trans por tat i on, commun i cat i on and pub 1 i c uti lities 7 6 Pub 1 i c admi n i s t rat i on -3 -4 Total public services 10 10 Other and not reported 1 11 IOW 1OW

These figures indicate a substantial shifting in the types of jobs in 1950 as compared to 1960, The number classified as other or not reported shows a much higher percentage in 1960 than in the previous decade, which makes a definite interpretation difficult, However, a substantial shift can be seen in mining, which employed only 5 percent in 1960 as compared to 23 percent in 1950, A portion of this loss has been picked up in manufacturing, pa r t i cu 1 a r 1 y dura b 1 es I

The educational achievement of the population provides insight to the potential types of employment for which it would be suited, Statistics are presented showing the educational achievement for persons 25 years and older.

1950 1960

Numbers of persons 25 or over 235,600 2 17,656 with no school 5% 4% with up to 4 years completed 11 6 with 5 to 7 years completed 20 16 with 8 years completed 19 23 with 1 to 3 years of high school completed 16 I8 with 4 years of high school completed 21 27 with I to 3 years of college completed 4 3 with 4 or more years of college completed -4 3 1 or73 -100%

'-10 Between 1950 and 1960 a higher proportion of the population has had at least some high school training, which makes them available for all but the most specialized blue collar jobs, The proportion of the population with little or no education has declined significantly. However, there has been no increase in the percentage of the population age 25 or over who have received some college training, Thus, it would appear that the increase in manufacturing employment has not created demands for increased white collar employment and has had little effect on the professions, It is expected that the increase which has been generated will eventually have a multiplier effect. However, by 1960 this had not occurred.

Also important to an economic analysis are income levels. Family incomes are shown for 1950 and 1960. No adjustment has been made to reflect the impact of inflation during that period. The statistics show the proportion within each of several categories. -1950 -1960 Net Change under $1,999 2 6"/, 1 4% -12% 2,000 to 2,999 27 11 -16 3,000 to 3,999 22 14 -8 4,000 to 4,999 11 15 +3 5,000 to 5,999 6 14 +8 6,000 to 6,999 3 10 +7 7,000 to 9,999 3 14 +I 1 10,000 and over 2 8 +6

Incomes have improved significantly. In 1950 three out of four families had effective incomes less than $4,000. By 1960 that figure had fallen to less than two in four. The major increases in family income levels were primarily in the $5,000 to $10,000 classification. New employment opportunities have yet to make significant inroads into the higher paying jobs, Thus, these figures coincide with the educational attainment statistics,

Considereraticn of employment by occupation indicates an increase in whi te-col lar employment, and a decrease in blue-collar employment can be noted. The decrease has not affected the unskilled laborer at present, nor has it had a material impact on the highly skilled white collar jobs. Instead it appears to be more of an internal shifting which has yet to show definite trends.

1-11 Actual Employment 138 873 121 ,920 % Employed, as Professional, technical and kindred 7% 8% + I Managers, officials and prop. (incl. farm) 8 7 -1 Clerical and kindred 9 I1 +2 Sa 1 es workers 3. -8 ---+1 Total Whi ke Col lar 31 34 +3

Craftsmen ~ f oremerl and kl ndred 13 12 -1 Operatives and ki ndred 43 33 -10 Service workers (including household) ? 8 +I Laborer; (exc 1 ud i ng mi rle) 1. I ----- Total Blue Collar 68 58 -10

Not Reported

In preceding paragraphs, the employee and the labor force were examined. At this point it is appropriate to focus on the generators of that employment. There are two basic categories, industrial and commercial. lndus- try has received the bulk of this attention as Luzerne County ha5 atcemp- ted to diversify its employment. Earlier statistics pointed out that industrial employment has increased while mining employmenf has decreased. To see the extent of this growth, the following figures are shown.

Luzerne Cognty lndtistrial Statistic.s, 1954 and 1962

I--___-- --__-___I-__.-__ -19% ---.,1963 Number of 1 ndus rr i e5 63 2 767 Non-durable industries 485 562 Durable Industries !47 2 05

Number of Employees 36,902 48,450 Non-durable employment 28,916 33.320 Durable employment 7,986 15,130

Value added by Manufacturing $56 328 000 $309,78?,000 Non-durab 1 e 1 ndus tri e5 $1 1 I .661 ,000 $196 -445 000 Durable I ndus cries $ 44,667,000 $1 13,324.000

Value added by Manufacturing per employee $ 4,757 S 6,393 Non-durable Industries 54 293 55.896 . Durable lndusrries $6,513 $7 "49 I

1-12 These figures show an improving picture, in the nine year interval between 1954 and 1963. Particularly impressive are the statistics for durable industries which has more than doubled its employment. The increase appears to be largely attributable to several large employers rather than a scattering of many small new firms, However, the picture for non-durables has also improved significantly during this period, This has occurred despite serious adjustments in the garment industry which has affected the County as some firms relocated to the southern states.

Statistics for the Hazleton area indicate that the area compares well in its share of this employment. The following statistics point this out:

Hazleton area in 1960 % of population of County 18 % of industrial plants of County 19

% of labor force of County 20 % of industrial jobs in County 20

In the Hazleton area the value added by production per employee was $8,117 in 1963, which is nearly $1,800 per employee above the county average. These figures indicate an improving picture in industrial employment. The picture in the Hazleton area is even more encourag- i ng.

One of the effects of an improved industrial employment picture is that it will have an affect on other related activities. If the unemployment rate is reduced and salary levels increase, then it stands to reason that retail, wholesale and service businesses should improve. This is termed a multiplier effect. As yet, despite the improved industrial picture, there is little evidence that this multiplier effect has occurred. Figures for retailing are not as encouraging as industrial statistics.

Comparison of Retailinq Statistics, 1954, 1958, and 1963

-1954 !9$8 1963

Number of Retai lers 5,034 5,101 4,349 Food 1,263 1,291 1,016 Eating and drinking 1,166 1,364 1,244 A1 1 others 2,605 2,446 2,089

Retai 1 sales ($000) $309,000 $367,720 $3 78,810 Food 85,384 103,656 103,131 Automobi le 50,005 5 1,869 58,885 All others 174,s 11 212,195 216,794

Tota 1 employment 11,470 14,426 13,171

Tota 1 payroll ($000) $30,194 $35,482 $38,448

1-13 In wholesaling trade the picture is somewhat better, as the following statistics show.

Comparison of Wholesaling Statistics, 1954, 1958, and 1963

-1954 11958 -1963

Number of Wholesalers 477 5 49 552 Groceries and related 106 126 118 Machinery, equip. G supplies 63 77 82 All others -308 -346 -35 2

Wholesale Sales ($000) $228,981 $309,699 $382,547 Groceries and related 41,241 126,086 89 I 696 Petroleum bulk stations 33,402 45,064 63,55 1 All others 154,338 138,549 229,300

Total employment 4,006 4,390 4,622

Total payrol 1 ($000) $14,5 10 $17,648 $2 1,973

The remaining area is that of personal services. The figures here differ little from those indicated in wholesaling. A slight upturn is noted, but it is not as pronounced as might have been expected.

Comparison of Personal Service Statistics 1954, 1958, and 1963 I954 1958 1963

No. of Service establishments 1,710 1,978 2,000

Receipts for year ($000) $28,900 $34,470 $42,134

Pa i d emp 1 oyees 3 254 3,338 3,391

Payrol Is ($000) $ 7,278 $ 7,821 $ 9,643

All of these figures reveal little substantial change. It is true that the population of the area has declined but, it is tending to remain relatively constant, and the decline seems to be arrested. This fact can hardly support increased commercial sales. It is also true that the gains in industrial employments made up to 1963 were largely offset by declines in mining, and it is only since that time that these gains are more than sufficient to offset further declines in mining. Thus, it can be expected that all areas of commercial activity can be expected to show significant increases.

1. -14 Another aspect of the local economy which should be noted is agriculture. It is a rather small factor in the county's total economy. Like mining, it is also declining in importance. In 1954 there were 1,990 farms, but in 1964, the figure had fallen to 1,180. The value of crop production can be divided into several basic categories. These figures are shown below:

-1964 1954

Total value of production $4,262,800 $3,365,441 % from field crops and specialties 63 62 % from vegetable crops 32 30 % from fruit crops 6 10

Crop farming accounted for only 40% of all farms in the Luzerne County. The remaining portion raised livestock. Dairying continues to remai.n the primary type of farm within this category. In general, the trend appears to be towards a smaller number of farms but with increased acreage. Automation has reduced the need for extensive employment.

Timber is another aspect of the economy that can be included in agriculture. Approximately two-thirds of Luzerne County is covered by forests. In the past, the need for mine props placed a significant drain on this timber, and much did not reach maturity. With proper conservation methods employed, timber could become a contributing factor to the economy in the future.

Tourism also constitutes an important aspect of the local economy which could become a major factory. Presently there is little data concerning the degree of importance of tourism. However, the location of Luzerne County in relation to both New York and Philadelphia provides an excellent opportunity for the development of tourism as a contributing factor to the local economy,

-SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

Luzerne County has faced a serious problem in adjustment. Statistics show the strides which have been made in recent years, The amount of deposits in local banks is indicative of this change. Despite population loss, these figures point out significant gains in the county's wea 1 th.

Total Bank Deposits

1954 $317,204,000 1958 $361,841,000 1964 $475,467,000

1-15 Attention has been focused on industrial development to provide employment opportunities, It is now suggested that Luzerne County focus attention on other aspects of its local economy which have remained secondary in importance. Continued industrial expansion is, of course, desired, It is preferable if more concern is focused on the type of industries which can best benefit the County. There is a need for industries which will offer a higher proportion of white-collar jobs, which wiii place orders in existing local industries, and which wi 11 expend significant sums on specialized plants and other capital outlay. Soon the time will come when Luzerne County will need to specialize in the expansion of the local economy and pay particular attention to the undeveloped aspects of it.

The Hazleton area is located in the extreme southern portion of the County and is somewhat isolated from other populated areas. New, modern highways are reducing this isolation and should make this area far more accessible. Despite this isolation the area is reasonably similar to other areas within Luzerne County, so that statistics given for the County are in most instances representative of the Hazleton area.

Although it is not possible to summarize all regional considerations in a chapter of this size, it has been determined to focus on the general economy of the region because problems in that area constitute a dominant theme in any discussion of the anthracite area. In reviewing data for this report the primary information sources have been the U.S. Census and the Pennsylvania Department of Internal Affairs. The Consultant has also had the opportunity to review reports of the Luzerne County Planning Com- mission which have provided an excellent survey of conditions within the County.

1-16 Chapter Two

C OM PON ENTS

BACI< GR OU N D

The term components is used to indicate the basic factors underlying development in the 'Township which are likely to remain as fixed conditions and affect future growth as well. These are the basic factors upon which the Comprehensive Plan is based. Factors to be considered for Hazle Township include the historical trends which have influenced development in the Township and shaped its present appearance; population growth and various data pertaining to the people residing in Yazle Township. The ingredients of the local economy and the items which influence it; and finally, the physical features and geog aphic conditions. When possible, reference is made to County statist cs and information for comparison.

Hazle Township, for purposes of analysis, has been divided into two basic sub-areas, East Hazle and West Hazle, which,are separated by U.S, Route 309. In addition, there are the following I6 planning areas which have been named for the more important coal villages, These planning areas are shown on Map 4, entitled "Historical Map."

Pardeesvi 1 le Harleigh - Ebervale Hollywood - Airport Oakdale - Middletown - Japan Milnesville - Calbeth Harwood - Hol1 ars Hi I1 L-att imer Crystal Ridge - Cranberry Drifton - Youngstown Stockton - East Hazleton Humboldt - Mt. Pleasant Hazle Village - Beaver Brook Green Ridge - Valmont Jeansvi 1 le North Hazleton New Coxevi 1 le

HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT

Hazle Township was created from Sugarloaf Township in 1839. It included what is now Hazleton and West Hazleton. By 1880 the population had increased more than elevenfold. This growth can be attributed to the development of the coal industry. Along with the coal mines came the development of Hazle Township in the form of clusters of company homes around the coal mines themselves. The major ones, with a brief description about them as they existed in 1880, are included in the following list.

Harleigh two taverns with one or two small stores; one Protestant and one Catholic school; approximately 600 persons; site of the Harleigh Colliery; 146 miners

2- 1 HAZLE TOWNSHIP LUZERNE COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA

H I STO RIC A L MAP

I. Site of the Lattimer Shooting, 21 killed and 36 wounded as sheriff's deputies shoot striking miners on Septenber IO, i 897.

2. Harleigh and Ebervale mines flooded in 1886, emptied in 1889 by the completion of the Jeddo Tunnel by John Markle.

I 3. Site of iliners Hospital. established by Coxe in 1875. 4. HDme of Senator Eckiey E. Coxc and Mrs. Sophia G. Coxe, "The Angel of the Anthracite Area".

5. Stockton disaster, 10 die as 2 homes are last in cave-in on December 18, 1869.

6. Jeansville disaster. 13 die and 5 survive 20 days in flooded mine, February 4, 1891

i. First site of Jeansville Iron Works, early large manufacturer

8. First coal strikes by organized labor in 1887 and 1888

'OMERLY ASHMORE SHOPS OF THE LEHlGk VALLEY R Ai LR OAD %

1 s*- GO.

1000 0 1000 3000 5000 7000

SCALE IN FEET

ThE PREPARATITION OF TnlS MAP WAS FINANCED IN PAR1 THROUGH AN URBAN PLANNING GRANT FROM THE WWNG AND KlHE FINANCE nWNCY, UNDER TnE PROVISCUS OF SECTKyr 701 OF T!tE HOUSING 4CT OF 199, AS AHENCXD. ADMINISTERED BY THE 0UWA.U OF COMMUNITY DEVELOPMEYT, PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF COMMOIITY AFFAIRS

K ENDREE AND SHEPHERD PLANNING CONSULTANTS 4

I- 5 L

9. Site of Cranberry AA Athletic Field

IO. Site of Hazle Park, once the region's most popular amu~emenl center

II. Fire =K Harwwd plant shuts Jff alec:ric power in Hazleton for 3 days, one man killed on July IO, 1920 Cranberry approximately 50U persons; 182 miners

Crystal Ridge approximately 400 persons; 134 miners

Jeansvi 1 le three churches, hotel, store; two schools; approximately 1600 persons; 411 miners

S toc kton store, taverns several saloons; church, two schools; car repair and blacksmith shop; approximately 1,500 persons; post office; 228 miners ht. Pleasant company store; approximately 500 persons; I44 miners

Humbo 1 d t approximately 450 persons; 100 miners

Ho 1 1 ywood company store; 155 miners

Milnesville church; company store; post office; approximately 1500 persons; 179 miners

Eberva 1 e church; school; company store; hotel; post office; approximately 1500 persons; 525 miners

Japan approximately 500 persons

Dr i f ton school, 3 churches, opera house; company store; railroad depot; approximately 1,000 people

Of all the villages, none was more famous than Drifton, the home of the Coxe family. It was Col. Coxe who first started Coxe Brothers and Company. Differing from many of the coal barons, Coxe developed Drifton with a hospital for miners, schools, opera house, and library. His home contained an advanced laboratory for research. He developed the first iron and steel breaker. It was said of Drifton that it "is a neat little town and in appearance an exception to the general rule in mining distric s." Certainly the most famous of the Coxe family was Mrs. Eckley B. Coxe, known as "The Angel of the Anthracite Region" for her charitable work. She lived in a mansion in Drifton, now deserted and deteriorat ng, This folk song, entitled "A Trip to Drifton in June, 1906", i lustrates what began to happen to mining and was accel- erated only as the demands for coal decreased.

2-2 "I took a walk one morning, the weather it was clear. I went to see old Drifton, a place I once loved dear. Drifton looked so lonely, believe me what I say--- There is lots of old neighbors dead and gone and others moved away.

"I stood at Wagner's corner and took a look around. There is lots of changes came to pass since I 1 ived in that town. The people that are living there, I don't know, they feel Drifton is not like it used to be, since the Valley" made the deal

"The Valley made,a great change in Drifton all around, There was lots of people working there that had to leave the town. The D,S, and S.;k?c office is abandoned, and the engines taken away; There they tore the round house down, that i5 what I heard them say.'' John J Johns on

;': ;': Val ley Lehigh Valley Coal Company, which bought out Coxe Bros. and Company in 1905

--...*,,,,* D,S . Delaware, Schuylkill and Susquehanna Railroad, which was and S. the railroad owned and used by Coxe to ship his coal

The casual visitor to the area is overwhelmed by the impact that the mining industry has had on Hazle Township. Because of the visual implications, it is a memory not easily placed aside. Yet no stability in potential developn,ent can occur without an acceptance of the past that can be harmonized with the future. The Old Miners Refrain is the oldest of the anthracite ballads, which have been handed down by an industry whose brawny and often brawling past is unmatched in American economic history. Today it typifies an industry, not the miner.

"I'm getting old and feeble and I cannot work no more. I have laid my rusty mining tools away; For forty years and over I have to1 led about the mines, But now I'm getting feeble, old and gray.

"I started in the breaker and went back to it again,?: But now my work is finished for all time. The only place that's left for me is the almshouse for a home, Where I'm going to lay this weary head of mine.

"Where are the boys that worked with me in the breakers long ago? Many of them now have gone to rest. Their cares of life are over and they've left this world of woe, And their spirits now are roaming with the blest.'' ':Both old and young miners were employed in the breakers, where because of age or inexperience such persons were not suitable for underground mining; thus the expression originated, "Once a miner and twice a breaker boy."

2 -3 POPULAT I ON

The Bureau of the Census data indicates that the Township reached its population peak in 1930 and since that time has declined. The decline in population can be attributed to economic problems caused by the decline of the coal industry and by the mobility and adjustments brought about by World War II. The war effort, in terms of defense jobs, was concentrated elsewhere. The conclusion of the war did little to change the pattern, and out-migration continued. With the increase in suburban development since 1960, however, the decline appears to have stopped.

Year Population -Actual Chanqe

191 0 11,014 1920 10,932 - 82 1930 11,336 +4 04 1940 10,610 -726 1950 9 ,279 -1,331 1960 7,478 -1 ,801

New growth is taking place in areas north of the City of Hazleton, where suburban development is most concentrated. In the coal villages of the Township the population has remained nearly the same. While the number of persons per dwelling has declined in the older homes, this loss has been offset by some new homes which have been constructed in the outly- i ng areas of these vi 1 lages .

The estimated population of the Township for each of the sixteen sub-areas I- is as follows:

P 1 ann i nq Areas

Ar e a No. of Dwellins Units Est. POD.

1 Pardeesvi 1 le 2. Hol lywood - Airport 3. Milnesville - Calbeth 4. Lattimer

5. Drifton - Youngstown 115 3 85 6. Humboldt - Mt. Pleasant 40 135 7. Green Ridge - Valrnont 205 7 00 8. No. Fazleton 29 0 1,000

9. Harleigh - Ebervale 200 680 10. Oakdale - Middletown - Japan 255 865 11. Harwood - Hollars Hill 2 05 7 00 12. Crystal Ridge - Cranberry 120 410 13. Stockton - East Hazleton 95 315 14. Hazle Village - Beaver Brook 165 565 15. Jeansvi 1 le 90 3 00 16. New Coxeville 90 3 05 Township Total 2,385 8,100 Consultant's EstimaTe - June '1966 (figures rounded) 2 -4 An analysis of the family characteristics of the I960 population reveals only slight differences between the eastern and western sections of Hazle Township. In East Hazle the proportion of persons not in the immediate family is somewhat higher. One out of four is in this category. In West Hazle the proportion of children under 18 is slightly higher, with one out of every 3.5 falling in this category. This comparison shows that the primary family group in the western section is larger than that of the East, although the total family populations are relatively close.

Ca teqory % of Population East West Total Township Head of Household 16% 3 o"/, Wife of Head 11 IO 21 Children (under 18) 14 I4 28 Relatives and Boarders -12 9 -21

Total Fami ly Population 53% 47% 1 om

Considering the 1960 population by ten-year age groups, no serious age variation between East and West Hazle is shown, although the proportion of people in the age group 60 and over is slightly higher in the East. In general the figures do show an aging pattern. Most developing areas show a proport ion of chi ldren under age 20 of 40 percent. In recent years the proportion of children has remained constant, while the older age categories have increased. The age group between 20 and 29 is quite small, showing the effect of out-migration patterns. Approximately 42 percent of the community is over the age of 40.

&E % of Population -East -West Total Townshi p

under IO 8L 8% 16% 10-19 9 8 17 20-29 6 5 11 30-39 7 7 I4 40-49 8 8 16 5 0- 59 7 6 I3 60-69 5 3 8 70 and over 2 -2 1 53% 47% 1 O@L

Out-migration has been previously mentioned. The following table indicates to some degree the inmigration which occurred during the last decennial period.

2-5 Loca t i on % of Population 5 years and over -East -West Total Township

Same house in I955 as 1960 4c% 4 o"/, 80"/, Different house in I955 than 1960 9% 1 WO 1 9% - in Wilkes-Barre or Hazleton 5 5 IO - West Hazleton, Hazle Township, 3 3 6 or elsewhere in County - outside Luzerne County 1 2 3 Not Reported 1 1 5 o"/, 5 wo 1 ocp/,

Only 19 percent of the entire population moved to a different house between 1955 and 1960, More of this movement appears to have occurred in the west, although the difference is negligible. These figures reveal a stable community in which no rapid change has occurred. In communities where development is occurring, it is expected that 50 percent of all persons will move in a five-year period,

LOCAL ECONOMY

In the creation of a Comprehensive Plan for development it is essentia that the existing economy of an area be studied closely. This is part C- ularly true in communities such as Hazle Township, where economic prob ems have been significant. In discussing the local economy, emphasis is p aced in two general areas, the labor force and employment generators. Each is reviewed in its relationship to the local economy.

-~Labor Force

Labor force data indicates the employment potential from the Township. A comparison with 1960 data for Luzerne County indicates a slightly higher proportion of the Township's potential labor force (age I4 and over) ac- cually seeking employment. It is probable that the potential labor force will decline somewhat by 1970 as the number of retired persons increases, In East Hazle there is a greater degree of male unemployment than in the West, As a result, more women in the East are employed. It is interesting to note that of the total female employment, approximately 40 percent are married with children. This figure- is similar to other communities in the C ounty. Ca teqory East West Total Township Potential Male Labor Force (age I4 and over) 1,409 1,267 2,676 % in Labor Force (seeking employment) 3 7% 3 a 73% Number employed in I960 79 5 805 1,600 Number unemployed in 1960 193 152 345 Number not in civilian labor force in I960 42 1 310 73 1 Potential Female Labor Force (age I4 and over) 1,645 1,357 3,002 "!, in Labor Force (seeking employment) 2 1% 18% 39% Number employed in I960 6 04 48 1 1,085 Number unemployed in 1960 45 52 97 Number not in civilian labor force in 1960 996 824 1,820

2-6 Approximately 75 percent of the employed population of Hazle Township hold blue-collar jobs. When compared to County statistics, the Town- ship shows a somewhat higher propprtion of skilled blue-collar jobs and a lower proportion of skilled white-collar jobs. The division of labor between the male population in the East and West sections of the 'Township appears to be fairly even, although slightly more men in the West are employed in blue-collar jobs. Statistics for the women reveal that there is a higher percentage of women in the East employed in white- collar j obs. Statistics concerning occupations are shown on the fol lowing table and are graphically portrayed on Exhibit 5.

TYPE OF EMPLOYMENT '% ma 1 e empl oyees -East -West Total Township Professional, technical and kindred 3% 1% 4% Managers, officials and proprietors 1 3 4 Clerical and kindred 3 2 5 Sales workers 2.- -4 _L Total White Collar lo"/, 1 cp/, 2 cp/,

Craftsmen, foremen and kindred 8% 13% 2 1% Operatives and kindred 20 19 39 S e r v i ce w or ke r s 2 2 4 Laborers 6 _c A -11 Total Blue Collar 3 6% 39% 7 P/o Not Reported -4YY 5 0%

1 oyees East -West Total Township Professional, technical and kindred 3% -*. 3% Managers, officials and proprietors 2 1 3 C ler ical and kindred 6 4 10 S a 1 es wor ke r s -2 Tota 1 Wh i te Col ar d% 7% Craftsmen , foremen and kindred -8- 1% 1% Operatives and ki ndred 28 33 61 Service workers (e.g. private househo 4 5 3 8 Laborers -1 -*- I - 1 Total Blue Collar 34 37 71 Not Reported 1 -1 -8 ,55% 4PY 1 ooo/o 7': less than 3 of 1%

2-7 PROFESSIONAL

WEST MALE

CRAFTSMEN

WEST FEMALE

.. L 'T i EMPLOYMENT CATEGORIES I960 HAZLE TOWNSHIP It Is also important to indicate the various categories of employment. Statistics for Hazle .Township are comparable to figurer for the County as a whole, although the percentage of employees involved in manufacturing is somewhat higher in the Township. Almost 50 percent of the ernploy- ees in the Township are involved in some type of manufacturing, as compared to 36 percent in the County. The job distribution between the East and the West is fairly even, with manufacturing slightly higher in the West and commerce, services, and resource industries slightly higher in the East.

East West Total Township 0' /a of ,x of % of Number 'Total Number Total Number 'Total

Mining 105 4 73 3 178 7 Construction 3--612 --2 120 -4 Total natural resource industries 164 6 134 5 298 11 Durable manufacturinq 241 9 215 8 456 !7 Non-durable manufactir ing 385 14 500, 18 885 32 Total manufacturing 626 23 715 26 1,341 49 Who1 esa 1 e 52 2 31 1 83 3 Retai 1 l-& _6 153 6 307 12 Total commerce 206 8 184 7 390 15 Personal services 40 2 29 1 69 3

Professional and bus iness services -'11 -4 25 __.2 -166 ___D6 Tota 1 serv i ces 151 6 84 3 2,35 9 Transportation, communication, and public utilities 76 3 98 '3 '174 6 Pub1 ic administration -25 1 211 1 46 2, - ----a_ Total pub1 ic services 101 4 1lg 4 220 8 Other and not reported UL 1,399

Approximately 1 out of 3 workers in the Township is employed in Hazleton, Of the remainder, almost, 1 out of 2 is employed in Wilk,es-Barre or elsewhere in the County, leaving a small percentage to .t.rave'l outside. The automobile has come to be utilized as the primary vehicle for commuting, and it is expected that thls figure will tend to increase, Public transportation is the secondary commutation source, as places of employment are located in areas not directly accessible to Township residents,

Loca t ion of Emp 1 oyme nt Percentage Employed in

--East West yD_Y_---Total Township Haz 1 e ton 19;6 '17% 3 6% Wi 1 kes-Barre 10 10 20 Elsewhere in County 13 13 26 Outside County 7 6 13 Not Reported 4 1 5 Fercentage Utilization

Means of ?ramportat ion -East --_.West ---ll_lTota I 'I'ownshk c,ar 37% 32% 6 9;6 bus 10 8 I8 walk 2 5 7

2-8 In reviewing material on the local economy, it is important to consider the basic intellectual skills of local employees. Data is presented showing the level of education achieved for persons 25 years or older. In 1960 there were 4,545 persons within this category. w- Percentage --East West Total Township

no school 3% 2% . 5% with up to 4 years 3 3 6 with 5 to 7 years 11 8 19 with 8 years completed 16 15 31 with 1 to 3 years of high school IO 9 19 with 4 years of high school 9.8 17 with 1 or more years of college

In general, these statistics are lower than those for Luzerne County. Approximately 35 percent of persons 25 years and over in Luzerne County had completed high school in 1960, In Mazle Township the figure was only 20 percent. In analyzing the economic problems of the Township, this low educational level is a major factor. It results in a low-skilled labor force with limited employment potential, Since the efficacy of re- training is doubtful, major companies turn to imported labor for their technical and highly skilled jobs, thus preventing Hazle Township residents from occupying these higher paying positions. The differences between the East and West are negligible, especially with regard to high school education.

'The final set of statistics relates to family incomes. This is indirect- ly related to employment opportunities and has a direct relationship based upon its effect on other areas of the local economy. The data is presented for families. In 1960 there were 1,998 families in Hazle Township. One fact plainly revealed by these statistics is the basic homogeneity of the Township from an earning capacity. One half of the families had earnings between $3,000 and $5,999. The West has a slightly higher percentage of wealthy families, but when the Township's figures are compared to those for Luzerne County, it is clear that there are fewer very poor and very wealthy families, Income levels are illustrated on Exhibit 6 on the following page.

Employment Generators

The other aspect of the local economy is that which generates the employment opportunities. These exist in industrial, retail, wholesale, and

2-9 . .. ~ .- ..-. .- . .. . .

I- ..

*r--. 1,

20 LUZERNE

r HA.ZLE J 15

W CJ a t- z W IO 9 a W a

0 UNDER $2000 $3000 $4000 $5000 $6000 b70b0 OVER $1999 $2999 $3999 $4999 $5999 $6999 $9999 $10,000 INCOME LEVELS

FA M I LY I N CO M E 1960 HAZLE TOWNSHIP service businesses, as well as i-n other areas in which data is not readily obtainable,

Because industry is becoming increasingly important to the Township, this is an appropriate place to start. Based on the 1965 Industrial Directory, which utilizes I963 material primarily, the following industrial firtiis were located in the Township. Also shown is the approxi- mate employment.

Company Emp 1 oymen t

Farmers Co-op Dai ry 88 A1 bee Sportswear 80 Hazleton Concrete Corp. 12 Beryl 1 i urn Corp, 3 73 Matz's Frozen Foods 2 Custom Metal Products 2 Lagana's Brass Foundry 1 Montene Manufacturi ng 37 Weldir7g Engineer and Research Co. 11 Greco Candy Manufacturing Co. 2 Buttercups, Inc. (house slippers) 16 Hazleton Brick Co. 91 Lattimer Foundry and Machine Co. 3 718

Based upon the 1963 Luzesne County Industrial Report, which utilizes 1962 data, it is possible to come up with certain facts about these industries, In that year there were eleven industries employing 548 persons.

Va 1 ue of product i on $15,763,200 per employee 28,764 Value added by manufacturing 8,936,200 per emp 1 oyee 16,306 Wages and salaries 3,862,400 per employee 7,048

These figures vary sharply from those for the County as an entity. The value added by manufacturing per employee is nearly $lO,OOO higher than the County, while salaries are approximately $4,000 higher. This is a very encouraging sign. In most communities the value added by manufacturing per employee is usually about twice the average salary. This rule of thumb would indicate that salary levels are likely to rise in Hazle Township.

It is surprising to see that the average salary of industries in the Town- ship is far higher than'that received by Township residents. Unfortunately, there is an insufficient number of jobs available for the number of local residents employed in manufacturing jobs. Undoubtedly the figures are

2-1 0 influenced by a few industries, particularly the Beryllium Corporation, which in size is nearly equal to all of the other companies. Undoubt- edly, these figures reveal an encouraging trend for the Township.

Hazle Township's commercial base does not appear to play a very significant role in the local economy, although sufficient data is not.presently available to adequately analyze this factor, The few small stores in the coal villages and the commercial strip along Route 309 do not generate enough employment, either in retailing or wholesaling, to have much of an impact on the Township's economy, although several of the uses by themselves are significant employers, such as Genetti's.

The remaining area generally concerned with business is that of service activities, which cover a wide range. Here again an analysis is difficult because of the lack of sufficient data. Certainly the extent of services is directly related to population and accessibility. Most services cannot be conducted in prime commercial areas, but fit well into secondary commercial sections. It is expected that some of the coal villages and other open areas of the Township could provide a suitable location for such activities. Presently most service functions are conducted in Hazleton,

PHYSICAL FEATURES AND GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION

Two aspects affecting p anning decisions for Hazle Township concern existing physical conditions as well as the geographic location of the Township. These may be considered as relatively fixed factors which cannot be changed readi ly .

Hazle Township is an ar a of 43 square miles surrounding the City of Hazleton. At this point it is important to review the Township's physical features. ?he presence of Interstate Highway 81 may turn previously undeveloped areas into areas favorably located for development. Therefore, physical conditions which may affect development must be evaluated.

The topography of Hazle Township varies. The eastern section has slopes of from 1 percent to 7 percent, with the exception of a ridge of 20 to 25 percent slope extending across the northeastern half terminating at Jeddo, There is slightly more slope ranging from one percent to 15 percent in the southern portion of the Township. The western portion is characterized by greater slopes. There is an L-shaped ridge of 20 percent to 24 percent slope extending from the Township's northwestern boundary line to the western boundary of West Hazleton Borough. The area of greatest slope, Pismere Ridge, is found in the southwestern section. The Ridge is the only area in the Township possessing slopes in excess of 25 percent, and as such is not readily developable. There are no other restrictions on development caused by terrain problems. Slope conditions are shown on Map 7.

2-1 1 Hazle Township is comprised basically of Post-Pottsville and Pottsville formation soils with small areas of Mauch Chunk shales in the extreme west and southwest. Post-Pottsville formation soils are underlain by a comp1e)c of sandstone, conglomerate, shale, fire clay, "slate", some limestone and coal. Their maximum depth is 1,800 feet, and they produce a negligible amount of water. Such soils are not readily suited for agriculture and are usually tree-covered.

Hard, coarse quartz conglomerate with gray, red-brown and green stones, "slate", and occasional thin seams of coal comprise Pottsville formations, This soil type has a maximum thickness of about 500 feet and yields from moderate to large quantities of good quality water. Land is not readily used for farming and is generally covered by timber if not developed.

Mauch Chunk shale has a maximum thickness of 2,000 feet and is made up chiefly of red shale, with red and green sandstone and green shale. Mauch Chunk shale yields adequate supplies of water to shallow, domestic wells, and moderate to large supplies to deep-drilled wells.

Hazle Township falls within the Susquehanna and Delaware River Basins. The eastern third is drained by Hazle Creek, which drains into Delaware Bay via the Lehigh River. The western two-thirds are drained by Black Creek, which joins the northern branch of the Susquehanna. The Susque- hanna drains into Chesapeake Bay.

Presently a soil survey is being conducted in Luzerne County, Although this has not as yet been completed certain information about soils in the Township can be indicated. Generally speaking, soi 1s over the Post-Potts- ville formations are in what is known as the Hazleton soil association. Soils over the Pottsville formations are in the Fleetwood soil association. Both soils are readily associated with coal mining and are occasionally intermixed. As can be expected, both are strongly acid soils. Where there is little slope these soils are generally deep and well-drained. Both are sometimes very strong. The Fleetwood soils have a thin black surface layer above a thin, gray mineral layer. Hazleton soils have a mineral surface layer and a yellowish-brown or brown subsoil. Neither soil type is particularly well suited for agriculture unless lime and fertilizers are added extensively. Generally, both are satisfactory for a variety of trees, although scrub oaks and pitch pines now predominate because most lands have been deforested .

Within the Fleetwood soil association are found Natalie and Andover soils. Neither has good drainage, although the Andover soils are considerably coarse, with water frequently in soil pockets. Commonly associated with Hazleton soil association are Drifton and Alvira soils. Both are more coarse than Hazleton soil and have slower permeability. This fact is much more pronounced in the Alvira soils. In wet areas, Lickdale and Tughill soils are both very deep but are extremely poorly drained. Also found on

2-12 mountains are DeKalb soils,which are formed from sandstone. This soil is somewhat better drained than Drifton soil, but it does not hold moisture. Laidig and Buchanan soils are also associated with steep slopes, They have slow to moderate permeability.

Throughout the Township are three man-made soil conditions. These are strip mines, mine dumps and mine dumps (coal). Since none of these has a soil cover, they are not readily useable, Mine dumps composed of coal are a poteptial fire hazard. Generally the strip mines contain portions of Hazleton, Fleetwood and/or Drifton soils as well as conglomerate. Gray birch trees seem particularly well acclamated in such soils and will spread without assistance. Several other types of trees can also be grown if planted.

Increasing development in Hazle Township will bring with it an increasing need for adequate sewage disposal. One of the most vital urban uses of soil surveys is to indicate in a general way the relative suitability of soils for the proper functioning of on-lot sewage disposal systems. They indicate unsuitable areas where the soil is too wet, too shallow, or subject to flooding. Soils must be well-drained, deep and permeable, so as to be able to absorb sewerage effluent and not pollute the ground water supply. Suitable soils may also become unsuitable due to excava- t i on and compact i on

Hazle Township enjoys a reasonably moderate climqte. During summer months temperatures of goo or more occur, psually about 10 times a year, Temperatures of less than 0' occur about 3 times a year, The meqn temperature since 1914 has been 49.8OF. Average relative humidity is approximately 70"/0.

The number of degree days, which for one day are equal to the figure obtained by subtracting the average daily temperature from 650, range from 6,927 to 5,209. The normal number is 6,264 over the past 50 years. This is higher than Philadelphia or New York but appreciably lower than selected northeastern cities such as Albany, Syracuse and Buffalo.

2-13 HAZLE TOWNSHIP LUZERNE COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA

SLQPE MAP 7

10- 20

OYER

1000 0 1000 3000 so00 7000

SCALE IN FEET

K ENDREE AND SHEPHERD PLANNING CONSULTANTS Chapter Three

CHARACTERISTICS

BACKGROUND

The term characteristics is used to describe those basic factors which are subject to change. The items discussed in this chapter are equally important to those reviewed in the preceding chapter, but they are mat1 ters which can be altered in the planning process. These factors 3\50 can be considered as representing the social desires of the residents. They are separated into three subclassifications: existing land use, housing conditions, and environmental sqnitation conditions. Existing land use refers to those uses which presently exist on the land in the Township. 'This study presents both a visual and descriptive study of Hazle Township. Studies on housing analyze the types and conditions of residences within the Township. This presents a description of the conditions of local residence units. The third portion of this chapter reviews sanitation conditions in Hazle Township and discusses their effect on planning. Comparisons to Luzerne County are used when possible,

EXISTING LAND USE BY NEIGHBORHOOD

The Consultant has divided the Township into I6 planning areas based OF past development, geographical identity and size. These provide a convenient basis for analyzing existing conditions as well as for planning purposes, A paragraph concerning land use conditions in each of these areas provides a current picture.

PARDEESVILLE This is the northernmost area of Hazle Township. Access fo U,S. Route 309 is provided by the Pardeesville Road, The village is service by an upper and lower road and several unpaved alleys, The predominant building in the village is St, Nazarius Roman Catholic Church, which is located on a hillside overlooking the Butler Valley. An outdoor chapel is located in a small grove which provides an attractive vantage point. These is no industry in the village except for a small coal stripping operation in the eastern section. Pardeesville has a small post office which also includes living quarters and a small store. Food purchases can be made from a converted bus which visits Pardeesville from Lattimer, Public transportation is available. The village is made up primarily of single-family detached houses with a few twin houses. Approx- imately 20 percent of the housing is in need of major maintenance, The biggest problem facing the community is the storage of trash and junk wit;h- in the village. This problem is aparticularly apparent along the lower road, where there are several abandoned vehicles and other trash. Water is provided by local wells, with a water storage tank near the church. There is an abandoned, dilapidated school in the village. To the east there is a small development which could be called East Pardeesville. It has approximately 5 homes. However, the most significant development has occurred in the western section along the Pardeesville Road. Here there are about 15 new homes. There is no other section of the Parddessville area which is accessible. The area to the east and west is composed of small pine trees primarily. 1 has not been stripped, By and large the area has an attractive location, with the exception of the village itself, which faces south towards Lattimer over several miles of abandoned strippings.

HOLLYWOOD - AIRPORT This community is located west of Pardeesville, Dominating this area is the Hazleton Municipal Airport, which is located along Airport Road, The area around the airport is undeveloped. To the immediate north is a section of graded strippings which could be developed, The Airport itself extends from a branch of the Black Creek on the west to U.S. Route 309 on the east. There are two major runways. At the airport itself there is a seper- ate building for passengers, airlines and offices with a snack bar.

There are also several hangar bui ldings e

Hollywood is another coal village to the north. It extends along one road known as the Hollywood Road. The mines have long ceased operations. Even the strippings are no longer worked. The village itself consists of a string of homes, most of which are on the northern side of the road, Over half of the homes are twin or semi-detached homes. Other uses in the village itself are a poorly maintained picnic area in the center and a kennel at the western edge,

At the intersection af U,S. Route 309 with Hollywood Road, there is a smal 1 community of homes, many of which are quite new. Some of these homes are on the old U,S. Route 309, whi le others are on Hollywood Road or adjacent to it, Directly below this is a strip of deteriorated row homes. ‘These homes are located on a secondary road which provides access to Yol lywood from U SI Route 309. lo the west of Hollywood there is a trailer park located just east of the intersection of Hollywood Road and Ai port Road. The- park is re1- atively new and appears to be well mainta ned, There are also a few individual homes in the nearby vicinity. A developing automobile graveyard exists between the trailer park and Hollywood Village.

MILNESVILLE - CALBE’TH Directly below bo h of the previously mentioned communities are Mi lesvi 1 le and Calbeth; U.S, Route 309 bisects both. Of the two, Milnesville is far more developed, extending on both sides of the highway. Milesville has primarily developed along Airport Road west of U,S. Route 309 and Milnesville Road east of U.S. Route 309. Both areas are primarily residential, with a number of commercial uses along the major highway.

3-2 The western section consists primarily of twin homes. It is obvious that Airport Road was relocated at one time, as a number of the homes extend along an old road which now terminates in a culm pile, North of this road there is a stripping operation. Since no parking is provided, this area is used for that purpose. One of the homes has been converted to a single-family dwelling, and this may be a possible alternative as housind demand slackens. The only other detached homes are on the newer section of Airport Road. A ballfield is located just east of the road as i t connects with the older road.

Along U.S. Roure 309 there are a number of commercial uses which are intermixed with existing housing. These include Barth Insurance Agency, Barrett Yaenrjens Fire Equipment Company, an Amoco Gas station and a building housing an unnamed authomobile repair business. Unfortunately the heavy traffic use on this road tends to divide the two areas and limits an effective community in developing.

To the east the housing is generally better maintained. Only three or four buildings on the eastern side are bl ighted. Most of the homes are either on Milnesville Road or 37th Street, which is a block below it. Both roads are served by a rear alley with a few homes and many garages on it. Although most of the housing is semi-detached, there are also a number of detached homes. In this area there are two small Protestant churches, the Milnesville Evangelical Reformed and the Milnesville Methodist, Although the area is predominantly residential, there is one non-residential use, which is Coladonata Taxidermist Shop. To the south, the Milnesville Road has been the choice of a number of persons for their new homes. The road itself is well-suited for this because it carries relatively little traffic. Most of the vacant land between Harleigh and Milnesville has already been used for this purpose. One of the problems created by this, however, is that it will landlock much of the interior land between this road and U.S. Route 309. As Greater Hazleton develops further to the north, it is probable that Milnesville will become increasingly suburban with little individual identity of its own.

Calbeth, which is located south of milnesville and therefore closer to Hazleton, is suburban in character. There is a string of relatively small, single-family homes along U.S. Route 309. The driveways of these homes create a problem with the greater traffic use of Route 309. it is probable that gradually some of these homes will be converted into business uses. Some conversion has already occurred in the form of tourist homes and expanded home occupations, The major business use in Calbeth is the Gus Genetti Hotel and Restaurant. On the same lot is a mink coat sales office and a stable Other non-residential uses in this area include the Hazleton Tile and rerazzo Companies, and Farmers Dairies. Both of these uses have retail outlets, but they are secondary. Also ip the area is Wixson's drive-in restaurant, Hazle Builders, Whitehorse Building Products, Cohn's Appliances, a ready-mix concrete supply company, and 4 gas station. These uses depend on automobile and truck traffic from U.S. Route 309. The one community facility is the Calbeth Fire Company, which is a very small volunt-eer company.

5 -5 Woodlawn Park is a small residential subdivision in the southern part of this area, with access frop U,S. Route 309 on 30th Street, A number of new homes have been added to an older subdivision (Maplewood). The lack of a public sewage system has limited the completion of this subdivision. This fact, coupled with a lack of local roads, poses significant development ppoblqms. An area below this subdivision above the railroad is now used for storage.

In both Milnesville and the Calbeth areas there is a large amount of updeveloped land to both the east and west, With few exceptions, most of this land has not been stripped. Nearly all of it is wooded, with scrub pines predominating. The lack of road access has been the greatest problem in the development of these areas,

LATTIMER Of all the coal villages in Hazle Township, Lattimer is about closest to being a small town. There are two sections to Lattiper--an upper qnd a lower. As with the other communities, Lattimer is primery a residential community, but it differs in that is has both commercial and industrial uses. The industrial activities in the lower section include Lattimer Supply and Machine Company and the Lattimer Foupdry and Machine Company. In the upper section, Matz's Frozen Foods is the only industrial use. A small commercial area now exists between the two levels. Presently the Lattimer Post Office, a food store and a bar aye located here. Another small food store is qlso located in the lower pwtion. A bar and small food store are also located in the upper area. The Lattimer Methodist Church is in the lower portion, and St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church is in the upper, A baseball field is located near the Methodist Church, while St. Mary's maintains a community playground and a community meeting hall.

Acoess to Lqttimer is available from Milnesville Road over the Lattimer Roqd, This road connects with the Freeland Road in Oakdale. Public bus transportation is available between Lattimer and Hazleton. Most of the homes are located on Lattimer Road, which)is referred to as Main Street. Other roads in the village are little more than driveways.

The conventional semi-detached home predominates in Lattimer, partiaulgr- ly in the lower section. About three-fourths of the homes are located directly on Main Street. In the upper section of Lattimer most of the homes are detached, Although this sectioD is about the same size as its counterpart, only about one-half of the homes are on the main street, Others are on a variety of small streets which are in reality narrow alleys. On the hill overlooking Lattimer the City Authority rnaintalns a water tank. In an area below Lattimer a town dump appears to be developing since there is no organized trash disposal procedure,

3 -4 Lattimer is built on a hill. Certainly no modern subdivider would have chosen the location. Despite this basic problem and the lack of an effective road, Lattimer is basically an attractive community which has many European characteristics. Of particular interest is the was memorial in front of the post office, which is made from coal. This is one commuuity that can well serve as a core around which new development can occur, Most of the area around Lattimer is undeveloped. The northwest section of the area has been the site of a large stripping operation which has virtually terminated. Most of the remaining area could be developed If convenient access were available. Presently a number of new homes have been constructed on the Lattimer Road to the east of the village.

DRIFFTON-YOUNGSTOWN These two villages are in the northeastern section of the Township. Youngstown is today a suburb of Freeland, which lies to the northeast. Drifton is a small coal village midway between Jeddo and Freeland, Both are completely residential communi ties.

Youngstown has perhaps the most attractive housing of any of the small villages in Hazle Township. Most of the homes are single-family detached homes. The major residential street is James Drive. Drums Road connects Freeland Road to Buck Mountain and then to the communities in the Butler Valley. Along it in Hazle Township are the remains of several estates, some of which continue to be occupied. The largest single use is St, Anne's Cemetery, A picnic area lies just to the north of the cemetery. The only other non-residential use is a used car sales business and gas station on Freeland Road. The Drifton Fire Company is located here.

Drifton is now only d portion of what it once was. Coal strippings have razed a number of the original structures which set Driftor, apart as a unique coal village. One difference that can still be seen is that the lots on both First and Second Street are wider than in other villages, thus providing attractive yards which were missing in other coal villages. A few of the old estates remain, although the old Coxe estate is in an unfortunate state of decay. Most of the miners' homes were twin hOmes in Drifton, Instead of facing the maip street, they are located on a residential road by themselves. There are also a few homes facing Freeland Road and some on Slope Street, which leads to one of the area's few working underground mines. St. James Episcopal Church is located in Drifton. There is also a small post office,

The area comprising Drifton and Youngstown takes up a much larger area. It is inaccessible because of the lack of roads. Abandoned strippings cross the central portion of the entire area, but most of the remaining area is undeveloped except for timbering operations.

3 -5 HUMBOLDT - MT. PLEASANT This area takes up nearly all of Hazle Township west of Interstate Highway 81. It is almost completely undeveloped and offers some of the best potential for Hazle Township. Black Creek flows through the northern section, Stony Creek and Tomhicken Creek through the middle, and Catawissa Creek iq the south. At the western edge of the area is the Little Sugarloaf Mountain, which is the highest point in the Hazletop area. Its elevation is 2,000 feet above sea level. The Humboldt Fire Tower provides an overlook not only of the plateau on which the Hazleton area was developed, but a view towards Nuremberg, Fern Glen and Weston, which lie to the west, The high point on the Pismire Ridge which runs across the southern portion exceeds 1900 feet. Thus this section of Hazle Township contains the highest points anywhere in the immediate area. Except for the Sheppton Road, the only access is over abandoned stripping roads or fire trails, Most of the stripping activity was along Sheppton Road. Abandoned strippings have often left behind many small lakes in this area. The Lehigh Val ley Rai lroad has trackage along both the Tomhicken and Black Creeks.

Humboldt is an extremely small community consisting of a loop roqd with about 15 twin homes along it and several abandoned buildings used when mining was important. To the north is the Humboldt Reservoir, which is one of several maintained by the City Authority. There is no community in Mt. Pleasant. The major land use in the area was the power station which was maintained by PP&L. This generating station has since been abandoned and is lying dle. With the exception of a few farms in the northwest corner on the Tomhicken Road, there is no other development in this area. Nearly a 1 of the area is heavily wooded, with scrub pine predominating. It is a desolate countryside, but one which has many possibilities.

GREEN RIDGE - VALMONT This area is an extension of West Hazleton Bor- ough. Actua ly it wraps around its western boundaries. Residential development is concentrated in the Green Ridge section, a portion of which was prev ously annexed by the Borough. Homes are concentrated on four streets which are an extension of the Borough's road system. They are Ridge Avenue, Winters Avenue, Green Street, and North Street. Most of the development in Green Ridge is on Winter Avenue, which extends a full four blocks into the Township. There are a number of housing types, although single-family detached dwellings seem to predominate, There is a variety of non-residential uses scattered among the homes. The5e include John's Auto Wreckers, Patricia's Beauty Shop, Sypeck's Food Stores, Al's Market, Green Ridge Meats, a bar, and a junk yard. At the end of Winters Avenue is Kress Auto Wreckers, a large automobile graveyard. This site is also used for refuse disposal by West Hazleqon and several local industries. The open burning creates a severe health hazard and serves to make the area unattractive,

3-6 The Valmont section of this area is south of the Valmont Industrial Tract. It also includes a portion of Oakmont Estates, which is 8 small, incomplete real estate development, Some of the Township will be included in the expansion plans of Can-Do. A road over Black Creek will link the portion of Valmont in the Township to that in the Borough. Already there are a number of businesses within the area, including Wallace Metal Products and J. Bass and Company, There are two shell buildings which will soon be occupied. Also located in this area are the remains of the old Hazle Park, which began as a popular amusement park at the end of a trolley line from Hazleton. Only the lake remains, and it is not usable for recreation purposes because it is contaminated.

The Department of the Army maintains an armory on the site at Washington and Warren Streets. This large building houses the administrative building for the Army Reserve Center, Company C, 1st Battalion of 313th Infan- try, the 298th Ord i nance Company, DAS , the 439th Rep1 acement Company, and 6185th Transportation Staging Detachment, Also in the immediate area are several tennis courts and the Mountain View Cemetery.

Most of the remaining area, pertlcularly in the western section is inaccessible. Only a small portion of this land fias been used for stripping operations. Interstate Route 81 will cross this area from north to south. The Lehigh Valley Railroad also cross the area. The creation of an adequate access would give this section of Green Ridge-Valmont excellent development potential.

NORTH HAZLETON This area is in reality an extension of Hazleton. There are a number of: sub-areas within this general areq, such as Maple Manor in the southwestern section. It consists exclusively of single-family detached dwellings built on a grid pattern of streets. Present development has centered on Landmesser Street, Putnam Street, Roosevelt Street, Liberty Court, and McKinley Street. The only non-residential use is a used car lot on 17th Street. East of Maple Manor is the new Hazle Township Elementary School, which is located near 22nd Street, East of the school is an older section which is indistinguishable from the City. Most of the homes are on the north-south streets, which are extensions of City streets, Here, too, most of the homes are single-family detached dwellings, but there is a wide variety of non-residential uses which include Stroehmann Bakery, Yarnulla Trucking avd Excavating Company, Hazleton Pastry, Penn Industrial Mining Supplies, and Gowen Millwork and Lumber. Most of these uses are primarily offices, but several conduct manufacturing operations. There is also a number of home occupations, such as the saw sharpener on Alter Street. The old elementary school on Peace Street is now being converted into q municipal office for the Town- ship. At present there is no development north of 24th Street west of Church Street.

3 -7 Church Street, which is U.S. Route 309, is a commercial strip of automobile-orientated businesses. Located here are Discountland U.S.A., General Tire, Niagara Lounge, Delite Motel, Annie's Auto Upholstery, Knotty Pine Food, Marc Motors, Montone Ford, Super Auto Body, Kravifz Equipment Company, DeMelfi Auto Body, Fairway Motors, Barletta Ready Mix Concrete, Gold Bond Stamp Redemption, Fountain Room and Cohitz Catering, Pape Manufacturing Company (storm windows), Glen Park Fuel Company, Gardner Paint, Abe's Autowrecking, A-B-C Upholstering Cornpgny, Fox Motors, and Snowitch Tile. There is also a veterinarian, a chiro- ptractor, and an insurance office on the street. Most of these uses are local in nature. At present a problem is created because of the intensity of the business uses without any effective traffic controls.

East of Church Street the area is also primarily residential, The ,pajor subdivision is Laurel Gardens, which is made up of single-family detached dwellings. A baseball field is located in this area. There are a number of homes closer to Church Street which are somewhat older, single-family detached houses. There are a number of Vacant lots and a few nqn-residential uses, including used car sales and Brake Works, Inc.

Although this area is the most developed of qny in Hazle Township, there is a large amount of vacant land along Black Creek which is suitable for development, and there are many vacant parcels in existing subdivisions. The major concern in this area is the lack of an access which will eqable it to develop more effectively. Its advantageous location makes the area an attractive one for development.

HARLE I GH-EBERVALE This 1 arge area is 1 ocated in the northeas tern sectj on of the Township, east of North Hazleton. In addition to Harleigh and Ebervale there are several coal villages in this area which are strung out along Freeland Road and Lehigh Valley Railroad, both of which parallel a continuous stripping which extends from Calbeth Place to Jeddo.

Harleigh Village, Harleigh Terrace qnd Harleigh Heights together comprise the community of Harleigh. The Village is centered on Freeland Road and consists primarily of two rows of twin houses although there are a few detached dwellings. At the west end there is a post office, A gasolipe station and a bar are the only commercial use. Jeddo-Highland's colliery is located behind the homes on the south side of Freeland Road, St. Rqphael Roman Catholic Church overlooks the village from a hill behind the homes 00 the north side. Harleigh Terrace is little more than an extensiop of tho village to the east. Most of the homes are along the Freeland Road. There arealso a number of non-residential uses, including a gas station, automobile repair business and a gift shop. Although the Terrace has been subdivided, it is clear that if it is to be developed at al1,it would have to be resub- divided. The Heights are located above the village along Milnesville Road.

3 -8 Basically, this now consists of a row of single-family detached dwellings. The old school has been abandoned and the site cleared. The Hazle Town- ship Hotel is also located here.

Ebervale is really divided into three sections. Only one section of it is along Freeland Road. It consists of a string of twin homes oq the south side of the road and a combination post office, bar, and store, On the north side of the street there is a small war memorial. On the south side of the railroad tracks there are two rows of housing front? ing a dirt street. All the homes are twins except for one four-unit: row house. A road provides a connection to a thi rd group of housing further east. It consists of twins and a number of row homes, Most of the row homes are showing some signs of deterioration, but the other homes in Ebervale seem to be well maintained. Both of the developments along the Lehigh Valley tracks have very poor road access. An improved roqd just to the south is used by special coal trucks. The old school has been abandoned, ar7d the remains of the old village water supply are visible.

Also in this area is a small section of the northeast corner of Hazleton. It includes two blocks of Eleventh Street. There are nearly 20 single- family detached homes, most of which are on Garfield Street, which are actually in the Township. This area is completely isolated from any other section of Hazle Township.

Both Harleigh and Ebervale are incomplete communities. Ebervale's unique location has forced the residents closer together. Today an annual reunion is held for present and former residents. The strippings $0 the south dwarf both communities and seem to limit the potentiel development of the area so long as stripping operations continue. Further saufh there is a relatively steep slope as the land slopes to the ridge on which Hazleton s located. Most of the hillside has been left undisturbed except f o timber for mine props. Today this area is completely forrested,

OAKDALE -M DDLETOWN-JAPAN These communities are located midway between Ebervale and Jeddo. Although each of these vi 1 lages s a separate community, they are strung together along Free- land Road.

Oakdale is completely located along both sides of the Freeland Road. It consists of two strips of twin homes. On the south side is the site of the old Oakdale Elementary School, which has been demo1 ished.

Middletown starts almost immediately east of Oakdale. It is so named because it is midway between Oakdale and Japan. There are two Sections, the largest being along Freeland Road. Like Oakdale, it cqnsists of two rows of twin homes, except for a few detached homes on the east, Oirectly below is South Middletown. This community borders the Lehigh Valley track5 on one side. It consists of one row of twin homes.

3 -9 Japan is separated from Middletown by the Jeddo Stars clubhouse and baseball field on the north side of the road. This group also maintains the was memorial, which is an attractive, well-landscaped monument to fhe World War II veterans from this area. Across the road is an elementary school which was used until last year. Japan differs little from the other two villages except for some row housing. It is on the eastern side near Jeddo and to the south above the railroad. There is also a small grocery store in Japan.

Bus transportation is available from all three communities to Freelaqd and Hazleton. The land below the three villages has been almost total Y stripped except for some land along the Black Creek. Most of the hous ing has been well maintained. Without major adjustments, it is unlike Y that much change can be realistically expected in the near future.

HARWOOD-HOLLARS HILL This area is located west of Hazleton. Harwood is somewhat like Lattimer in that it is a rathey large village and is somewhat self-contained. Hollars Hill, on the other hapd, is simply a small collection of homes. The grea is strategically located at an interchange of Interstate 81.

Harwood is located on top of a former mine and is surrounded by strippings. It is located on two roads. The newer section has been built along Shepr pton Road, while the older section lies along the old road, Presently there are two gas stations and two automobi le repair businesses along the Sheppton Road, There is also one restaurant (Red Rooster) and a coal trucking firm (Chasparini). These uses, along with the Harwood Fire Com- pany and post office, constitute the only non-residential uses. The Fire Company maintains a small community recreation area. The old schQol has been demolished, as has the community's only church. Most of the housing consists of conventional twin houses. Such homes are located on both sides of the old road throughout its length except for a few places where a building has been razed. This same type of housing exists along the Sheppton Road and on both of the connecting roads. Generally this hou5ir)g is in somewhat better condition. The new interstate route will actually cut through a portion of Harwood and isolate several homes. A few detached houses exist on the eastern side of Harwood.

Hollars Hill consists of a group of twin homes along both sides of Sheppton Road. Towards'Hazleton there are two automobile repair businesses which are in this area. The relocgtion of Pa. Route 924 will tend to isolate this community. Strippings now surround both Harwood and flolla1-5 Hill. Few of these are now active, and the greatest problem presented by them is their unattractiveness. Grape Run Reservoir, one of several maintained by the City Authority, is at the sautheast corner of this area. It is hoped that new Interstate 81 will provide a sufficient charge to spark a general renewal of this area.

3-10 CRYSTAL RI DGE-CRANBERRY This area touches Hazleton's western bqund*ry, It is comprised of two small villages, which are Cranberry and Crystal Ridge, and it includes much of the Mount; laurel section along U.S, Route 322. Virtually the entire area has been sub- jected to extensive stripping; however, this activity is not pavficularly significapt today.

Cranberry is located in the northern pgrtion of this area. It cqnslsts of two streets (park and Cranberry), both of which are lined with twir, homes. Relocated Pa, Route 940 has required some demolition, as It, crossed the northern portion of Cranbqrry. The homes along Park Street seem to be better maintained than those ~n Crqnberry Street. The W. Dippel Construction and Equipment Coqpany is located in Cranberny ~n the south side of Sheppton Road,

Crystal Ridge is a very small village of twin homes. Access to the Sheppton Road is very poor; thus Crysfal Ridge is virtually isplated despite the fact that it is located ne%t tq Haaleton. The villqge is completely surrounded by strippings and is adjecent to the dump used by Hazleton.

Further south is the Mt. Laurel section, including the Mt. Laurel Memorial Cemetery and the Laurel Drive-In, /It, Laurel Motel and Mt. Laurel Public Swimming Pool, In addition, there are several single? family detached homes along U.S. Rqute 322. Sqveral industries ape located here, including Montone Manufactuyipg; Welding EngirteFr and Research Company; and the Hazleton Qqxrete CqrpoyatiQn. A large automobi le graveyard is also located in this area just beyond the city 1 ine.

STCICK ON - EAST HAZLETON This area is located directly east of yazle ton, While It is large in area, there is very ittle development. Hazle Creek runs through the middle of $he area. Along this stream are significqpt strlpping operatiQms, some pf which are still productive. A newly constructFd road for coal trucks connects this area with the strippings qlqng Black Creek. The qtock- ton Mountain Road crosses this area from nonth to south, providing a connection between Oakdale and New Coxeville. Within the area generally there are three small coal villages, E, new housing developmeqt, and a small extension of Hazleton,

Stockton is centered on the lnter~eetionsf StQckton Mountain Rpad and Stockton Road. Most of the homes are twin?, bvt there are also twg row-house groupings. The old club, yatqr Gystern, and school far the area are abandoned 01' ?azed. StocktOn is nop toQ small to support ar)y community program. To the east om

The northern hills above Hazle Creek are similar, Stackton No. 7 is located here, relatively isolated from any ather community, It consists of a group of twin homes and the usugl w3r nieivo~ial. Deterioration is iriore extensive here than in most of the other villages, Another problem srea is the development just east of tiazleton, which i5 an extensign of the City on First 5treet and Diamond Avenue. There is a scattering of homes along with some junkyards. The only commercial use is a cqgl sales business, apd a small automobile repair establishment. There is no street pattern in this area, Further east is a new development whiq\I may offer a real hQpe for bazle Township. This is Diamond Egst, which attempts to use the slope conditions advantageously for a planned conrp~p- ity. Presently there have been as few single-family detached homes constructed, A golf course, swimming pool and other facilities are planned for the comqunlty.

The only other development in this area is the Beryllium Corporation plant, which is located in the oonverted fishmore roundhouse at the eastern edge of the area. Because of $be nature of the operatlan, this use must be conducted at some distaqce from residences and other developmeqt. Access is available from Hazleton over the Stqckton Road, which terminates here. This plant Is by far the largest employer in The Pqwnv ship,

HAZLE VILLAGE - BEAVER BROOK This area is locqted in the southerr) see- tion of the Towpship. U,S, Rqute 309, McAdoo Road, bisects it. It consists of one fair-sized village, Baaypr Brook, and the scattered development of tiaele Vi Ilage a5 we1 1 as a trajler park and a small section below Mt, Laurel.

The northern section of Hazle Village is located just south of the Lehigh Valley tracks and consists of a string of singlewfamily detached homes along McAdoo Road. Also located here is the Villqge Furniture Mart, A small lake is located acros5 the street. Also in this area is the Y9,ele- ton Brick Company. Further south aloqg this highway are a number of home?, and a few businesses which arie primarily automobile-related Nearly all of these homes are single-faqily detached, and there is no deterioration. TQ thq west below the P P and C power line are a small trailer park and a few scattered homes. Further west there is a scout camp. At the yestarn border is the Mt. Pleasant reservoir. This area has not, been used for stripping operation3 and is suitable for development. To the east of lJ.6 R~crte 322 are the Yorktown Sutptatioq and a small reservoir. There are also a few scattered homes in this area.

3-12 Further south is Beaver Brook. Access is not available from the Town- ship. This village is surrourlded by strippings which are still worked. Located here is Buttercups, Inc., a papufacturer of house shippers. As with many of the coal villages, Beaver Brook is relatively isolated and its appearance blighted from the culm piles. The old school has been closed and the cemetery abandoned, A junkyard has been started in the easqern section, Housing deterioration has become signjfiqant. Most of the homes aye twins, but there are p number of row homes as well as detqched units. The village has a small recreation qrea. A150 ip the village is a small automobile repair business apd a small store and post office,

JEANSVILLE Jeansville is located at the southern end of uarle Township, Access is aveilabie to Hazletqn over Jeansville Qqgd, which extends to Tresckow, Actually, $his villqge can be dlvided into a nortli- ern and southern portion, each of which is separated by a large strippipg operation, It is a working stripping which is also the headwatens of the Beaver Creek. In cleaosville the homes consist of both twin and detqched housing. Most of the houses froqt on Jeanyvi 1 le Raad, a1 though a number are located on connecting alleys, There are a small store and a gas station in the village. As with most of the villages which are surrounded by strippings, deterioration is a current problem,

Most of the area has been used for strlpping purposes excepc che section to the east, which is presently inaccessible, There seems t9 be little immediate hope of new development iq this area.

NEW COXEVILLE This area is located In the SQuthwesf sectian of Mgzle Township, and it is relatively unique among the local villages of Hazle Township. There are no working strippings near tlie village, and it is obvious that most of the homes were built much later than in other areas, There is almost nQ deterioration to be seen, The housing is strung out along Pa. Roufe 93 toward Beaver tleadows and alQmg the StocktbonMountaip Road. Most of the hoysing is detached, A small cemetery is the only non-residential use. The biggest problem facirlg New Coxeville is that to create an effsctlve qomrqunity, two existing areas of development must $e joined, rather than continuing to spreqd along the roads. Bus transportatian is pow available along Pa, Rpute 93 '

The large eastern section Qf the New Coxeville area has not been developed. The Dreck Creek Reservoir is located here. Although there is same significant slope at the eastern end of this areal much of it is cqpglble of developmept, The Stockton Mountain RQad provides access to Stockton and Oakdale. This area is very well suited for residential development.

Existing land uses within Hazle Township are shown on Map 8,

3-13 I

I H,AZLE TOWN SH I P LYZERNE COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA I

EXISTING I "LAND USE I C

jl I

RESiOE NTlAL

MANUFACTURING (DURABLES and NON-DURABLES)

TRANS PO RTATlO N , COMMUNICATIONS and UTILITIES

' SERVICES

CULTURAL, ENTERTAINMENT F!and RECREATIONAL

RESOURCE PRODUCTION and EXTRACTION

UNDEVELOPED LAND and WATER AREAS I 0 woodland

SCALE IN I Ccrr \ I THE PREPbRA1H)N OF THS MAP WAS FINANCED IN PAR1 THROUGH AN URBAN PLANNING GRANT FROM THE HOVSING PIM) HOME FINANCE AGENCY, UNDER THE PROVlS10N5 OF SECTlMl 701 OF THE HOVSMG ACT OF 1954. AS AMUIMO, AMINISTERED BY THE 3UREAU OF COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT, PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF COMMUPllTI AFFAIR5

KENDREE AND SHE PH E R D PLANNING CONSULTANTS

I HOUS J NG AND NE I GHBORHOOD ANALYS IS

No other single factor is more important to the appearance of a community than its housing. The various types of housing in the Township have been described in the previous section. Hazle Township has been, historically, the location of a number of coal villages clustered around the mines. In recent years the influx of suburban housing has created additional demands on the Township. With some significant exceptions, it is clear that much of Hazle Township's future role will be to provide suburban housing. With this in mind it is essential that characteristics of existing housing be reviewed very carefully. One important consideration is that of ownership. In 1960 the U.S. Census determined that there were 2,285 housing units in the Township. For analysis purposes the Township is divided into east and west areas, with U.S. Route 309 as the boundary. Figures are shown for both east and west and a total given for the entire Township. The ownership figures are as follows:

East -West Tota 1

Owner occupied 4 2% 36% 7 8"1, Renter occupied 7 8 15 Available vacant 2 2 4 Other vacant -2 -1 L 5 3% 47% 1 oo"/,

'The most significant fact revea ed is the relatively high proportion of homes wh ch are owner-occupied. This number is considerably higher than the county average. These figures show a commitment to the future of the Towns h i p through home ow ne r s h i p .

Of major consideration is the condition of the dwellings. The U.S. Cen- sus divides condition into three categories -- sound, deteriorating, and dilapidated. In the category "deteriorating" are homes requiring more than normal maintenance. Such homes can be improved, as contrasted with dilapidated housing.

East West Tota 1

Sound 44"k 43% 87% Deter orat i ng 6 3 9 Di lap dated 3 1 4

'The vast maj ori ty of homes are in sound condi tion. AI though some n- creasing deterioration can be observed, this has yet to be a major problem. Barring a significant reversal in the local economy, it shou d be possible to maintain a continued high proportion of sound dwelling units.

3- 14 It7 the summer of I966 the consultant checked homes throughout Hazle Town- ship in an effort to estimate those which were considered to be blighted and those which were facing significant maintenance to rehabilitate the unit as an effective home. The following table indicates the percentage of homes in each of these categories for all of the planning areas. Gen- erally speaking, these blighting conditions tended to be concentrated, so that a planning area which showed a high percentage of blight or potential blight: might also have many sections of fine, well-maintained homes a Proportion of Dwelling Units Classified as B1 iqhted Potential B1 iqht Total -Area

1 ~ Pardeesvi 1 le 15% 8% 23% 2. Hol lywood-Airport 14 7 21 3. Milnesville-Calbeth 2 2 4 4, Lattimer 4 13 17 5. Drifton-Youngstown I3 70 30 6. Humboldt-Mt. Pleasant 0 20 20 7. Green Ridge-Valmont 12 18 30 8, North Hazleton 1 1 2 9. Harleigh-Ebervale 1 13 14 IO. Oakdale-Middletown-Japan 1 16 17 11. harwood-Hollars Hill 4 7 11 12, Crystal Ridge-Cranberry IO 25 35 13, Stockton-East Hazleton 11 20 31 14. Hazle Village-Beaver Brook 5 14 19 15. Jeansvi 1 le IO 33 43 16. New Coxeville 3 2 5

These statistics help to indicate the problem areas where housing deterioration is or is becoming severe. Basically these areas are Jeansville, Beaver Brook. Stockton, Crystal Ridge, Cranberry, Green Ridge, Humboldt, Drifton, Hollywood, and Pardeesville. These villages often are isolated and have generally experienced little new growth in recent years. 'They also tend to be surrounded by coal strippings. In preparing planning pr oposa 1 s for these areas the exi s t i ng hous i ng cond i t i ons mus t be considered carefully in regard to their effect on potential land utilization. Areas of housing blight are shown on Map 9.

'Two considerations which reflect the value of homes for modern use can be seen in the number of bathrooms per dwelling unit and the number of rooms.

East West Tota 1

one bathroom 3 8"/, 3 4% 7 2% more than one bathroom 2 1 3 shared or no bathroom L -12 25 53% 4 flo 1 oo"/, one or two rooms 1% 1% 2% three rooms 2 3 four rooms 8 8 16 five rooms 15 16 31 six rooms I6 13 29 seven rooms 7 5 12 eight or more rooms 1 -2 1 53% 4 7% 1 OCEk 3-15 I

J9L

SERIOUS PROBLEM

POSSlBLE PROBLEM 0.. T'hese statistics indicate a problem. A significant number of dwelling units are not satisfactory for modern building demands, as they lack bathrooms or are not of sufficient size for modern single-family dwellings (three or more bedrooms). Any planning program must express concern over this fact, which indicates a future blighting influence in the J'ownshi p.

Other considerations help to show the type of housing in the Township. The number of units in the dwelling and the age of the structure are revealing.

East West Total

one unit in dwelling 5 3% 44"/, 9 7% two or more units in dwel ' ng -0 2 3 53 47 100%

unit constructed between 950 and 959 6% 4% 1 o"/, uni t constructed between 940 and 949 4 4 8 unit constructed before 940 39.- 82 *5 3% 47% loo"/,

These statistics show an aging community with relatively little new construc.tion. There has been 1 ittle substantial change, although some new building is now occurring. The problem is one of potential stagnation for a significant area of the Township.

?he number of persons in the units themselves is an important factor to determine whether overcrowding is a problem. In the determination of these figures and others relating to use only, occupied dwellings are used in the computation.

Number in Unit -East West Total one person 5% 4% 2 9% two persons I4 4 29 three persons 12 IO 12 four persons IO 8 I8 five persons 7 6 13 six persons 1 1 --IO 53% 47% 1 ooo/o

.50 or less persons per room 2 6% 2 2% 4 8"/, "51 to -75 persons per room 12 IO 22 .76 to I .OO person per room 12 11 23 1.01 or more persons per room L -4 1_ 5 3% 47% 100%

'T'hese figures show that overcrowded conditions are not a general problem in the 'Township, There are a few isolated examples of this in the Town- ship, but thre trend toward smaller families and outmigration of younger residents will probably resolve any existing problem.

3-16 Information concerning the date when persons moved into their dwelling unit can also be important. It indicates the length of time that they have been residents of the Township.

East West Total moved I-I 1950 to March I960 6% 4% 1 o"/, moved t7 1954 to 1957 8 6 14 m0ve.d n 1940 to 1953 17 16 33 moved n 1939 to earlier -22 -21 41 53% 47% lOO"/o

One of the most surprising figures is that which indicates that over 40% of rhe occupants of dwelling units in the Township in 1960 had resided at the same address for over twenty years. Two factors pointed out earlier are related to this. These are the high percentage of home ownership and the age of existing dwelling units. A potential danger of stagnation is indicated, Homes may not be saleable because of lack of demand. It is imperarive to develop increased demand for housing units in the Township. 'This is a significant problem because many homes were built in coal villages around a colliery which is no longer functioning. Persons who occupied rhe dwellings then have remained. It is in these areas that demarld must be s t i mu 1 a ted .

The value of owner-occupied homes and the rent paid by tenants indicate the value of dwelling units and help to show market conditions as they existed in 1960. The value of owner-occupied dwellings is graphically portrayed in Exhibit 10 on the following page.

East West T'ota 1 number of owner-occupied dwe 11 i ngs 962 796 1,758 percentage less rhan $5,000 in market value 3 7% 2 5% 6 2% between $ 5,000 and $lO,OOO in market value 12 12 24 berween $10,000 and $15,000 in market value 3 4 7 between $15,000 and $20,000 in market value 3 2 5 over $20,000 in market value -0 -2 '2- 55% 45% 1 oo"/, number of rented un i ts 160 182 342 percent-gE rent less than $40 per month 29% 1 104 rent between $40 and $59 per month 9 20 rent $60 per month or more 4 17 6 no cash rent _I ~ 47% 54%

3-17 ..* 0

=..- .

.. 40

W zc3 Z 20 a W \ 0 \

/’ E

MARKET VALUE

VALUE OF OWNER-OCCUPIED DWELLINGS 1960 tT HALE TOWNSHIP

*+ These statistics indicate a problem of major concern; that is, the extent of low-cost housing in the Township. Probably this reflects a lack of demand rather than existing conditions. Other housing is available which is more suited to potential home buyers. Thus, many people are virtually compelled to remain in their existing homes because of ownership. Over the years few improvements have been added, and nearly all are without

pub 1 i c sewers a

The neighborhood, rather than the Township, has always been the basis of community life. Certainly the Township has a number of housing problems. 'These may eventually threaten the existence of the neighborhood. It is not possible to develop data for these neighborhoods. However, a detailed discussion of each is contained in the section on land use.

Neighborhood units must be carefully considered in the development of the land use plan. Either they must be strengthened to become a more effective service unit, or they must be integrated into a large community. Under either approach more study is required.

ENUIRONMENTAL SANITATION

The sanitary condition in which the environment is maintained is an important factor which is frequently overlooked, particularly by the residents themselves, who are accustomed to existing health conditions. Unless there is a treat of an epidemic, sanitation conditions are frequently over 1 ooked

In reviewing conditions in Hazle Township it is useful to divide the area -. of environmental sanitation into a number of subheadings related to conditions which may cause problems.

-Sewaqe and Storm Water Disposal

At presently only the North Hazleton section is served by a public sewer system. Both storm water and sewage are handled by a common system which connects to an interceptor along Black Creek. Presently a treatment plant is being constructed in the Valmont area. It is expected that much of the pollution in Black Creek will be abated, Theoretically, it is possible to sewer all of Hazle Township which is covered by the drainage area of Black Creek. This would include Pardeesville, Lattimer, Harleigh-Ebervale, and Oakdale-Middleton-Japan. Provisions have been made to provide public sewerage for the Diamond East project in the East Hazleton area through the use of an expanded pumping station. In some of the coal vi 1 lages a type of sewage collection system exists, installed by the coal companies many years ago, when the homes were company-owned. ?he system involved a cellar drain for surface drainage from cellars. As these homes were sold by the companies

3-18 they were modernized to provide kitchens and bathrooms. These facilities were then connected to the cellar drains The drainage systems generally discharge to the ground surface and in areas often close to other homes, A form of sewage collection is now in effect in Milnesville, Cranberry, Oakdale, Niddletown, and Japan as well as in some other areas. It is pot likely chat any of these systems can be utilized in a public sewer system. Other areas in Hazle Township use on-lot systems. The newer systems involve a septic tank and either a tile drain field or a seepage pit. Although a soil study has not been completed for Luzerne County (one is in preparation), it is believed that much of the soil is not suitable for sewage absorption. This condition has occurred in Woodlawn Park.

Water Supply

At present nearly all of the developed areas of Hazle Township are served by the City Authority, whose operations are described in a subsequent chapter. Exceptions to this are Pardeesvi 1 le, Hollywood, Stockton and a portion of Harleigh. In these communities local systems dating back to the days of the coal companies can be found. Today most of these sys- rems utilize well water. Because the systems are old, they do create a potential public health problem in that there is little or no maintenance, the supply sources are not the best, and the water is not chlorinated. Other homes in the rural areas utilize well water. Since these areas have not been subject to development, pollution is not a major problem except for the danger of pollution from mining operations.

&gbb i 5 h S toraqg

Ar presenr. there are not regulations covering rubbish storage !t-i Hazle Twm;hip9 Open burning is generally conducted on the lot. Often card- board cartons, 55 gallon drums or even no containers at all are used for storage. Such sources are excellent breed”lg grounds for insects and rodents in addition, discarded items are often maintained in old sheds dnd garage-;, contributing to the unsightly appearance of many rear yards. These are also an excellent attraction for rodents.

--_1Rubbish Collection and Disposal

In Hazle Township there is no organized collection system, Residents make their oLyn arrangements for disposal. In many areas of North Hazleton this is done by a private contract between the home owner and a collector. However, the most common method in other areas is to dump refuse in stripping areas or along abandoned stripping roads, There is probably no road in ddzle ‘Township which is close to a number of homes which is not now littered with refuse. The burning of trash creates an air pollution problem in most of the developed areas, At present there are two large open

3-19 dumps in the Township. One near Crystal Ridge is used by Hazleton; the other is the Kress property in Green Ridge, which is used by both West Hazleton and some of the industries in Valmont. This dump is undoubc- edly the worse of the two because of the burning of industrial waste in an area quite close to a residential section. Besides creating an air pollution problem, this dump is rat-infested as well as a haven for mos- quitoes in the summer months. Fortunately, steps are now being taken to correct this situation, but a regional landfill operation is the only long-range answer.

Weed Growth

Although this is not the most serious sanitation problem facing the Townshi p because mos t of i ts area is tree-covered, s tri ppi ngs or estab- 1 ished development and there is 1 i ttle meadowland, however, the weed problem is significant in the coal villages, where a number of properties are abandoned, and in the areas around open junyards. Weed growth presents a pollen problem for persons afflicted with certain allergies. The collection of debris among the weeds serves as a breeding ground for insects, as these objects often collect rain water.

Air Pollution

Despite the decline of the coal industry, air pollution is still an increasing problem in the developed sections of the Township. Primary causes besides mining are automobile exhausts, open burning, and the inadequate controls used by many of the new industries. The problem becomes most severe in the dreaded culm fires which can occur when trash stored in the area becomes ignited, At present the Pardeesville area has faced this problem on several occasions.

Retail Food Handlinq

This represents a potential health hazard in any community where there is a sizable number of food handling establishments operated on a part-rime basis. In Hazle Township there is still a number of home-owned groceries or bars, It is desirable to provide a minimum level of enforcement in public health practices in such establishments. At present, no such effort is being made. The danger is, of course, that the owner or an employee can be a disease carrier and transmit a wide variety of commun- icable diseases, some of which are extremely serious.

Attractive Nuisance and Fire Hazards

This problem is extremely severe. In the developed areas, many wooden

3-20 buildings which have been abandoned and are used by children constitute

a very real danger of fire or col lapse, There are many j unkyards ~ both public and private, in the Township which are also a threat since they are not regulated. The culm piles may also pose a fire hazard because accumulations of trash may ignite them. They are also subject to ero- sion, which can create a problem. The water-filled coal strippings can easily become a trap to the unwary, besides being 3 breeding ground for insects. Abandoned collieries and other structures used by the mining industry represent another problem as to the underground mines whose entrances may be reopened, not to speak of the danger of collapse. Any deteriorated conditions, in fact, encourage others to develop. In this way the problem gradually becomes more severe when no steps are raken. No steps are at present being taker, locally to reduce these dangers.

tious i nq Cond i ti ons

While the majority of the homes in Hazle Township offer satisfactory housing conditions, the incidence of blight is becoming more severe. Every resident is entitled to certain minimal conditions concerning light and air, heating, interior bathroom facilities and ventilation. At present there is no effort to enforce these standards.

All of these areas reflect in some degree the way in which the Township's residents choose to live. Because one person or family can seriously threaten the health and welfare of its neighbors, this problem cannot be ignored. Environmental sanitation may seem to be only a matt-er of good grooming, but it actually poses more serious problems,

Material in this report was obtained from the I960 U.S. Census relating to housing conditions and by consultant's survey concerning environmental sanitation and land utilization. Reports prepared by the Luzerne County Planning Commission and the Bell Telephone Directory all proved to be helpful in obtaining information for var ous parts of this report. 'The State Wealth Center in Wilkes-Barre supp ied valuable data in the area of environmental health.

3-21 Chapter Four

COORDINATES

_.--._---@AL K G R 011 N D

The term coordinates reflects those factors which are used ,to coordinate ,and ,as'r;ist development in an area. Thus they serve as a basis for .the beginning of a discussion of the Comprehensive Plan itself. 7'hese factors c:an be considesled as accessory to development. While they may influence t:r,ends in development, they are not in themselves the basic cause of devel- opme n t

items which are included in this chapter concern services or functions provided to the pub1 ic. These include existing highways and transportat:ion system:s, pub1 ic uti 1 i ties which, whi le provided by private companies? are subject to extensive governmental control and community facilities provided by govfer.nrnent or semi-public agencies. Codes and ordinances as wel I as the iYn,anclal expenditures are also analyzed in this chapter.

HazYc Township is criss-crossed by two major roads which have historical significance. One road 1 inks the Schuylkil '1 Val ley with the Wyorning Val- bey, and the other links the Susquehanna River to the Lehigh River, How- ever thew roads had little effect on the development of the 'Township, Groi,jith in the Township was keyed to the railroads for the shipping of coa it. is only recently that highways have materfally affected Hazle Township, 'Their present significance appears 1 ikely to be dwarfed by th,e construction of Interstate Rt. 81 which could have a very real effect on the potential dlevc1opwnt of .the western sections of the 'Township.

Ir-affic count5 in 1964 on state road5 are as foYlow3:

--..-.-*------U-30 Route 309 Throuqhout south of Hazleton City, throuqhout 'T'own5hip 9,390 North-of hazleton City at Pardeeivr"Y le Road 8 200 at Mi lnesvil le 9, I80 at 22nd Street Y 1,880

------Fa. Route 2 Norrh of Valmont, throughout Township at line 6?240 east of Hazleton? at City kine 5,070 at Carbon County Line s,40u

4- 1 __Fao Rt. 940 (Freeland Road) at city Llrle desk of Stockton Mt- Road West of Jeddo Road at Foster Township Line

-Fa. Re, ,924 (Sheppton Road1 ac Schuylkill County Line 2,160 East of Humboldt intersection 2,370

East of Harwood Intersections 2 3 700 ---ieansvl I le Road 1,620 --Diamond Road I ,240

~ Stockton Road 2,160

Jeddo Road 1,180 --3C---s

Drums Road 1,080

Tomh i cken Road 230

-ti01 1 ./wood Road 230

fii Inesvi 'I le Road 1,080

Stockton Mt. Road 1,180 LF-li--

It is possible to classify streets according to the purpose that they serve. ;our bajic classifications are provided, Withln those categories further sub-classifications are possible.

The;e roads carry very high proportions of through traffic and c0nnec.t rr.ajcrr popular ion centers or other expressways. lnterstate Rt. 81 wi! Y crmj the western portion of Hazle Township. It is a limited acces5, 4 Yane road with one intersection at Harwood in the Township. A second iyterchange will be located just north of Hale Township at Pa. Rt. 93-

These roads carry both local and through traffic and connect local population centers or supplement a more important roadway. There are ~:WO arterial roads in the Township. They are U.S. Route 309 and Pa. Rou'E:e 93. U.S, Route 309 is a major arteri.31 road since it connects local population centers of significant size at some distance. Pa. R't:. 93 !s c,lassi f ied as a secondary ai-ter ial because the population cen'ters it: serves are smaller.

4-2 HAZLE TOWNSHIP LUZERNE COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA

ROAD 11 CLASSIFICATION

I- 'i L

.~.~.'_~_~.~.~.~.~.~.~...~...... ::...... __...... _.. EXPRESSWAY -ARTERIAL

IMAJOR COLLECTOR

lUllll#lll SECONDARY COLLECTOR

--=.=*-....DEVELOPING COLLECTOR

I000 0 1000 3000 SO00 7000

SCALE IN FEU

THE PREPARATION OF THIS MAP WAS FIYAWED IN PAR7 lu90115H AN UHBAN PLANNING GRANT FRW TME HOUSlNG P.ND $OM€ FINANCE AGENCY, UNDER THE PROVISK%S OF SECTION 701 OF InE HOUS~NG ACT OF 19%. AS IMENDED. AOMINISIERED BY 1ME BUREAU OF COMMUNlTi OEVFI.OPMENT, DENPISYLVINIA DEPAqrUENT OF CI)MMUPIIlY AFFAIRS

K ENDREE AND SHEPHERD PLANNING CONSULTANTS HAZLE TOWN SH I P LUZERNE COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA

C L ASS I F I C AT I ON

ARTERIAL

-MAJOR COLLECTOR

Bt11JJIB118 SECONDARY COLLECTOR

...I--.==DEVELOPING COLLECTOR

1000 0 1000 3000 5000 7000

SCALE IN FEET

THE PREPAR4lON OF THIS M4P W4S FINANCE0 81 PAR1 THROUGH AN URBAN PLANNING GRANT FROH TW WUYNC AM) H)ME FINME AGENCY, UNMR THE PRwnm OF SECTON 701 OF THE nomw ACT OF IW, AS AMNWI. AOMINSTEREO BY THE BUREAU OF COMMUNITY OEVELOPMEM. PENNSYLVANlA DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY AFFAIRS

1 -- KENDREE AND SHEPHERD

PLANNING CONSULTANTS ihe:e roads carry relatively little through traffic and serve either 5.riaII lacal population centers or provide a connection to a more important road. In Hazle Township there are a number of such roads. Both Pa. Rt. 940 (Freeland Road) and Pa. Rt. 924(Sheppton Road) are major col lectors,

A secondary collector road serves smaller towns and provides a connection to a more important road. Jeansville Road and Stockt:on Mt. Road are secondary col lectors. Finally, developing collector roads are presently local roads which are likely to become more important in .future years as new roads develop or new development occurs. Drums Road, Jeddo Road, Milnesville Road, Hollywood Road, Airport Road, Diamond Road, Stockton Road, Tomhicken Road and 22nd Street are developing collectors.

Loca 1

Theie roads carry little or no through traffic. Some, however, are more significant than others. These are referred to as local feeder roads. Their purpose is to funnel traffic into a more important road. In Hazle Township the roads which connect the villages are local feeder roads such as Pardeesville Road, Lattimer Road, Hazlebrook Road, and Beaver Brook Road. All other roads are secondary local roads.

Another purpose of this chapter is to review existing conditions of local streets. The major road improvements required in each planning area are listed in the following tabulation.

PardeesvilYe - The existing access road needs to be improved.

Hollywood - 4lrport - The intersection of Hollywood Road with U.S. Rt. 309 needs to be improved and access to driveways and alleys from U.S. Route 309 eliminated.

Miinesville I- Calbeth - The Milnesville Road should be improved. 'The sharp turns in Airport Road should be eliminated.

Lattimer - The Lattimer Road needs to be lmproved and the section east of Lattimer should be rebuilt.

Drlftcm - 'Youngstown - The Drums Road intersection wi.th the Free- land Road should be improved to eliminate the sharp turn. Humboldt - Mt. Pleasant - The Mt. Pleasant Road should be paved and made into an effective local road.

Green Ridge - Valmont - An extension to the Valmont Park should be completed. Washington Avenue should be extended and improved.

North Hazleton - 22nd Street should be improved and completed.

Har le gh - Ebervale - Pa. Rt, 940 should be improved to eliminate sharp turns or relocated.

Oakda e - Middleton - Japan - Pa. Rt. 940 should be relocated.

Harwood - Hol ars Hill - The eastern access to Harwood should be cons t ructed.

Crystal Ridge - Cranberry - The Crystal Ridge road should be rebuilt and extended south to U.S. Rt. 309.

S tockton - East Hazleton - The Stockton Mt. Road should be relocated and rebuilt. Stockton Road should'be repaved.

Hazle Vi lage - Beaver Brook - Beaver Brook should have a northern access to U.S. Rt. 309.

Jeans v i 1 e - A road should be constructed between Jeansville to Beaver Brook and U.S. Rt. 309.

New Coxeville - Stockton Mt. Road should le relocated with a new intersection at Pa. Rt. 93.

Other forms of transportation need to be considered. Air facilities are available from the Hazleton Municipal Airport which is located in the Township. Passenger service is provided by Allegheny Air1 ines which maintains a ticket office at the airport. Air freight service is provided by Air Cargo Service, Airborne Freight Corporation, Central Air Freight and Flying Tiger Lines. The reifenberg Aviation Company maintains facilities at the airport for Charter, rental and sales services. The FAA has proposed that the airport increase its land holdings, extend and widen the primary runway, construct a parallel taxiway, expand the apron, improve lighting and other miscel laneous improvements. These improvements are necessary if the airport is to meet future demands.

Railroad freight surface is available from the Lehigh Valley which maintains trackage in many areas of the Township. The principal routes parallel Black Creek, Hale Creek, Cranberry Creek and the Tomhicken Creek, These lines were constructed primarily for coal hauling. Many of the secondary lines are being eliminated, but when there seems to be some future potential, the lines will be maintained.

4 -4 HAZLE TOWN SH I P LUZERNE COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA

-. .

I CIRCULATION PROB L E MS

ba RECONSTRUCTION

iiuiiiiiii IMPROVEMENT

# -* ‘.-.I I SHARP TURN

0 DANGEROUS INTERSECTION

MAJOR TRAFFIC GENERATOR

1000 0 1000 3000 5000 7000

SCALE IN FEET

THE PREPARATKN OF TU6 MAP WAS FINANCED H PAR1 THRWGH AN URBAN PLANNING GRANT FROH TU€ Hxfilffi PIM) Mw FINME AGENCY, UNDER THE PffWlSKW OF YCTKN 701 OF THE HOWG ACT OF I-, AS AUENDED, ADMINISTEREO BI THE EIRIEAU OF COMMUNITY OEVELOPME?IT, PENNSYLVANA DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY AFFAIRS

K ENDREE AND SHE PH E R D PLANNING CONSULTANTS i I HAZLE TOWN SH I P I LUZERNE COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA

CIRCULATION I 12 i PROBLEMS . I i 1 I I i 1 -RECONSTRUCTION I 11111111111 'MPROVEMENT 1 I I # 0-, SHARP TURN I 'r 8 I ! DANGEROUS lNTERSECTlON I 0

MAJOR TRAFFIC GENERATOR

1 I I I I

I , I ! -1 1

1000 0 1000 3000 5000 7000

I SCALE IN FEET I THE PREPARATKN OF THE WP WAS FINNED M PAR1 THROUGH AN URBAN PLANNING GRANT FROH TM W)WNG AND HOME FINANCE AGENCY, UNDER THE PRWlSONS OF SECTON 701 OF THE HOVSlNG ACT OF 1954, AS AUENDED. ADMINISTERED 81 THE BUREAU OF COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT, PENNnLVANlA DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY AFFAIRS I

I KENDREE AND SHE PH E R D

! PLANNING CONSULTANTS I I There are a number of bus lines in the Township. The Luzerne and Carbon County Motor Transit Company runs a line to Lattimer, Pardeesville, Free- land (over Pa. Rt. 940) and Beaver Meadows serving New Coxeville (over Pa. Rt. 93). Baran Transit operates a line to Tresckow which serves Jeansvllle and to McAdoo which serves Mt. Laurel, Hazle Village and Beaver Brook. The Beach Bus Line serves Humboldt, Harwoodp Hollars Hill and Cranberry over Pa. Rt. 923. The Hazleton-Berwick Bus Lines provides transportation on Pa. Rt. 93 north. The Edward Nat Bus Line of Drums provides a line extending north on U.S. Rt. 309. The Motor Transportation County of Hazleton carries passengers south on U.S. Rt. 309 to destinations such as McAdoo, Audenreid and Kelayres. The Adams Bus Company maintains a line which serves Green Ridge, as well as routes to Nuremberg and Berwick. Only the eastern area of Stockton has no effective public transportation. While patronage is higher than in many communities of comparable size, it has been declining in recent years. At the present time access to Hazle- ton is excellent, but there is no effective transportation system to industrial employment centers such as Valmont or the Beryllium Plant.

Trucking facilities are satisfactory and many of the industrial firms maintain truck fleets. This form of freight service is most important to Hazle Township's industry. Presently, roads to other major cities are generally poor, but this situation will be remedied when Interstate 80 and 81 are completed. Although there is no sizable concentration of trucking firms in the Township, such uses are likely to occur. 'There are now several smaller firms.

UTILITIES

No municipality can ever be more effective than its utility system. Before any sound development or redevelopment can occur there must be effective utility systems to service it. These utilities may be provided by private capital or from public funds. -Water In Hazle Township water is provided by the Hazleton City Authority. It is one of the oldest authorities in Pennsylvania. Since its beginning in 1942, the Authority has been operated by an outside managing company. Water sources are primarily from a series of reservoirs located in Hazle Township. Their capacity is 550 million gallons, Consumption rlow exceeds 4 million gallons daily. Rates are based on outlets and appliances using water for residential users. Industrial and most commercial users are metered.

The Authority is presently undergoing a 25-year comprehensive study concerned with industrial expansion and the need for increased water pressure. To construct a five million gallon water tank and booster station in Hazle- ton and other unspecified improvements, the Authority has requested City permission for a $1.5 million bond issue. One proposed project is the establishment of an additional reservoir on Stony Creek and the establishment of a watershed area surrounding it,

4-5 The present water supply is adequate for the sections served in the Township Initially well water was used for industrial use in Valmont, but the Auth- ority is now furnishing water to these users. Water is not being fluoridated, and there are no plans for fluoridation.

The limitations of the existing systems which serve some of the coal villages was discussed in the preceding chapter. It is probable that the City Authority will need to extend its service to these areas in the future.

Sewer

Hazle Township has established a sewer authority to construct lines to North Hazleton. The Authority will only collect the sewage, treatment will be provided by the Greater Hazleton Area Joint Sewer Authority. It is expected that the Township's Authority will gradually extend its lines to cover a greater area in the Township.

At present raw sewage is being dumped into the Black Creek. For many years this situation received much attention. Finally, realizing the changing nature of the local economy and the gradual decline of mining which caused an acid pollution, a plan was presented to Hazleton in 1944 for sewage treatment. No further action was taken until the State Sanitary Water Board reclassified Black Creek as a clean stream requiring both primary and secondary treatment of sewage. A feasibility report was prepared in 1960 which recommended a sewer authority composed of Hazleton, Hazle Township and West Hazleton. It also recommended two treatment plants on the Black Creek.

Since that time the Greater Hazleton Area Joint Sewer Authority has been established with a nine-member board composed of three members from each municipality. Plans have been modified to call for one plant to be constructed in Valmont Industrial Park just west of the proposed bridge over Black Creek by Jaycee Drive. The system will require 4 pumping stations. Diversion chambers will be required because storm water is included with sanitary sewage. The plant will utilize the modified activated sludge treatment with shallow depth aeration. The Authority will control all collecting, truck and interceptor sewers, the diversion and regulating chambers, pumping station and force mains, the treatment plant and the outfall sewer to Black Creek. Lines of .the West Hazleton Sewer Authority will be purchased for $102,500. Sewer billings will be handled by the Township, which will have to pay a fixed sum annually to the Authority. Costs for these improvemtns will exceed six million dollars. It is expected that the system will be in operation in 1967.

Other Utilities

The Bell Telephone Company provides service to the Township. A wide range of free calls are permitted under the flat rate including Freeland, McAdoo, Hazleton, Weatherly, as well as Conyngham and Drums (Commonwealth Telephone Company). The basic rate for private residen,tial service is $4.50/rnonth.

4-6 The Pennsylvania Power and Light Company services Hazle Township. This utility has closed its generating plant at Mt. Pleasant, but its facilities are capable of handling any expected demand for electricity. The basic rate schedule has a minimum fee of $11.00 for up to 12 kwh., with a sliding scale above the minimum for residential users. Commercial and industrial rates are structured similarly, with lower costs for higher use.

The United Gas Improvement Company provides natural gas in the North Hazleton and in the Valmont area. Gas is also available along Pa. Rt. 940 as the line crosses the Township. The minimum rate Is $3.00 with a slid ng scale for expanded use.

Hazle ownship is serviced primarily by the Hazleton Post Office. A number of small post offices exist in Drifton, Lattimer, Harleigh, Ebervale, Jeansv lle, Pardeesville, Harwood, and Beaver Brook. These offices have boxes but do not maintain delivery service.

COMMUNITY FACILITIES

Also important to development are the community facilities which are available to the residents. As a municipality increases in size and in its com- plexity, the need for services tend to increase. Community services include public owned facilities and both semi-public and privately owned facilities. They include Education, Religious, Public Safety, Recreation and Health and Welfare facilities and services.

Educat Ional Faci 1 it ies

For many years Hazle Township maintained a separate school district with a high school on Church Street and a number of elementary schools in the coal villages. In recent years the number of elementary schools were reduced to two - one on Peace Street in North Hazleton and the other in Oak- dale. Both of these schools have subsequently been closed with t.he opening of the newly constructed Hazle Township Elementary School in the Map'le Manor Section of North Hazleton.

The present situation in education is unsettled because of t:he recent creation of the Hazleton Area School District which includes the City of Hazle- ton; the Boroughs of West Hazleton, Freeland, Jeddo, Beaver Meadows, McAdoo and Conyngham; and the Township's of Hazle, Foster, Banks, Kline and East Union, North Union, Black Creek, Sugarloaf and Butter.

4- 7 At present the high school which is located in Hazleton is being operated as a secondary school. It: was constructed in 19'10 and expanded considerably in 1927. The site has little more than 13 acres. There are twelve classrooms , ten special purpose rooms and an auditor ium-ggirnnas ium. 1.t is a brick building with a wood interior. 7he building has been well maintained and is still considered suitable for use. Although the new school district has not decided its future role, it is probable that the building will be used for a junior high school or for upper elementary grades. The School District is in the process of acquiring a 65 acres site which potentially will also house an academic high school and vo-tech high school in an educational complex.

The nen elcmei~caryschool is a modern brick building with 21 ~Ias~rooms each equipped with TV outlets for programs from the new educational TV station in Scranton. A separate drinking fountaip and sink hae been installed in each classroom. A11 kindergarten, special education, first and second grades are housed in a separate wing with its own entrance. In a central location is a multi-purpose room with a stage. This room can also be used as a gymnasium. The building also has a cafeteria which is interconnected with the stage.

None of the churches in Hazle Township operate a school other than special or Sunday re1 igious classes. There are no post-secondary schools within the Township. The Pennsylvania State University operates a two-year program on a 65 acre campus in Sugarloaf Township off Pa. Rt. 93. This fac:iIi- ty is within easy commuting distance for residents. Other college faci'lities are available in Wilkes-Barre, Scranton, Bloomsburg, Allentown, East Stroudsburg, Bethlehem and Easton. One of the proposals for expanded educational opportunities in the Hazleton Area calls for a community c,01.- lege and a technical school to be located nearby.

ReIrqious Facilities

Church activities can be said to be interwoven into .the llfe of the c,oimmunity. 3n Hazle Township there are eight churches. There are five Prot.estant churches, three of which are very small, Two of these are located in Milnesville, the others in Drifton, Hazle Village and Lattimer. They date back, to the coal mining era, The churches are St. James Episcopal Church in Drifton, che Milnesville Evangelical and Reformed, the Milnesville Methodist, the bat- timer Methodist and the Welsh Congregationalist Church of Hazle Village. In the past a church was 1ocat:ed in Harwood and one is now under construction there. A!] are relatively small structures. In c:ontrast the Roman Catholic churches are much larger and more closely integrated wit,h the community served. These churches include St. Nazarius in Pardeesville, St. Mary!s In Lattimer and St. Rapheal in Harleigh. All three are in exceIlent condition and have been recently improved. They all have off-street parking facilities and several have community facilities. Whi'Ie none of the eight churc.hes are located in the prime suburban area of North Hazleton, all three C,atho'lic Churches are sufficiently close to service them. It is unlikely t,ha.t any of the Protestant churches except St. James can be effect:ively maintained except on a mission basis.

4-8 Pub1 ic Safety

There is no police force in Hazle Township. An earlier attempt at a program utilizing volunteers who would be reimbursed for automobile expenses was not successful. Undoubtedly some services will need to be provided in the future.

At present there are three Township fire companies. They are located in Cal- beth, Harwood and Youngstown (Drifton Company). Only the Harwood Company would be considered effective, although all three maintain one fire engine. All are volunteer companies which receive 1 imited financial assistance from the Township. Some action must soon be take0 on this problem whlch affects both City and the Borough. At present there has been no real effort made at municipal cooperation to provide ZIP effective program.

Recreat i on

While there is no organized recreation program in the Township, there are a number of recreational areas scattered throughout. The largest and most effective appears to be In Lattimer where St. Mary's maintains a playground and there is also a baseball field in b:he center of the town. In the Oak- dale area the school playground has been used. The Jeddo Stars J~SOmaln- tain a baseball field in the area, A small picnic grove is maintained in Hollywood. In Jeansville there is a 'large recreation.area with playfields and playground equipment. There is a'!so a separate baseball fie!d in that community. In Harwood there is a bask.etbal1 court and other recreation provided by the fire company. Similar facilities are also available in Beaver Brook. A baseball field is also maintained in Milnesville. The new school has a playground which services North Hazleton. There is also a baseball field pear laurel Gardens. The facilities of Hazle Park are now abandoned although these would not be suitable for most areas of .the 'Town- ship. Presently, the Township has filed for Federal funds to acquire and equip a number of local recreational facilities in the coal villages.

Most significant is the Community Park which is owned by the Township, and \ is available to the resDdents of Hazleton and West Hazleton as well as Township residents. $tis located ,just, north of West Haz'leton near Pa. Rt. 93. The site now offers hiking, picnicking, fishing and tennis facilities. Plans call for an expansion of recreation facilities. Swimming facilities are available at .the POOP in Mt. Laurel. This is.operated as a public pool.

Health and We Ifarg

The Township offers nothing in the way of specific health and welfare services, Although there are no hospitals or pursing homes located in Hdrle Township, both St. Joseph's and the Hazleton State Hospital located in the City are sufficiently close for local residents. Medical and denta exa- minations are offered in local schools. All of the agencies in the United Fund which are located In Hazleton offer services which are availab e to Township residents. HAZLE TOWN SH I P BUTLER TWPk- HAZLE TWP. LUZERNE COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA \, ---- t-

CQM MU N 1 T Y . FACILITIES ,13

u TILdtl E s

@ POST OFFICE

RES€ RVOlR

@ WATER SUPPLY

a WATER TOWER a GENERATING STATION

@ DUMP

@ SCHOOL

@ CHURCH

@ FIRE COMPANY

@ CEMETERY

@ RECREATION

@ GOVERNMENT

1000 0 1000 3000 5000 7000

SCALE IN imr

THE PREWRAT;iK)N "f TH15 MCP '.*AS FlYbhZEO iN PAR1 lu?OllCh CN URBAN PLMINIW, GRIN1 iaoH TnE WMM AND XIME FIXANCE AGENCY, UNDER THE PRW~SICAS OF SECTlCN 701 OF InE HOUSHG r\cI LX ,954, CS AMENDED. ADMiNlSrERED 8Y THE 8UREC.U OF COMUUTiITT r;EvFI.OPMENl, . PEN*ISYLVCLNtA OEPARIMENl OF I'%!MUIIITY AFFAIR5

K ENDREE AND SHE PH E R D PLANNING CONSULTANTS HAZLE TOWN SH I P LUZERNE COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA

COMMUNITY FACILITIES L J

I U TlLlTl E S

POST OFFICE

I RESERVOIR a WATER SUPPLY

WATER TOWER

@ GENERATIN6 STATION

a DUMP

@ SCHOOL

@ CHURCH

I @ FIRE COMPANY

@ CEMETERY

@ RECREATION

@ GOVERNMENT

1000 0 1000 3000 so00 7000

SCALE IN FEET

THE PREPAReTlON OF THIS MAP WAS FINANCED IN PAR1 THROUGH AN URBAJd PLANNING GRANT FRCM THE HOUSING AJdD H)ME FINANCE AGENCY, UNOER THE pRw6M OF SECTICN 701 OF THE HOUSING ACT CS I-, AS -0. ACMINISTERED BY THE BUREAU OF COMMUNITY MVELOPMENT. PENNSYLVAMA DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY AFFAIRS

K ENDREE AND SHEPHERD PLANNING CONSULTANTS Other Faci 11ties

There are three large cemeteries in the Township, Mountain View Cemetery located along North Street in the Green Ridge section, Mt. Laurel on U.S. Rt. 309, and St. Anpegs in the Youngstown area. There are also a number of smaller cemeteries including ones in North Hazleton, Jeansville, New Coxeville and Beaver Brook. These were originally cemeteries for certain nationalities. There are no funeral homes.

At one time there were a number of social clubs in the coal villages. Most have disappeared over the years. One which has remained is the Jeddo Stars AA, whic.h maintains a recreation field and clubhouse in Oakdale. Also n the Township are the West Hazleton Catholic War Veterans, Pulaski Mas im ers Club, and the Cranberry AA. These organizations are all particular y related to West Hazleton.

There are no libraries or other cultural facilities in the Township except for the pub!ic schools. The Hazleton Public Library is available to Town- ship residents. A number of motels offer space for community facilities.

At the present time the 'Township is refurbishing the old Peace Street School to serve as a municipal building. It is probable that some space will be available here for meeting rooms.

GOVERNMENTAL OPERATIONS

Within this chapter the role of government must be considered. The focus in this sectlor? is to review the structure of the local government and to examine its recent financial history.

Hazle Township is a second-class Township governed by three Supervisors who are elected at large for six year terms. The Supervisors are not paid. To handle the dayt-to-day administration of Township activities a clerk is ernploved who is under the direction of the Township Secretary. At present, the job of Township Secretary is a part-time one. The duties of the job primarily entail keeping Township records. In addition, there is also a Township Treasurer and Tax Collector. An auditing firm, solici- tor and engineer are retained on a fee basis. In addition to these persons, a road foreman and number of laborers are employed to maintain the Township roads. These jobs are primarily of a part-time nature. Since the Township renders no services other than the maintenance of local streets, it is d part-time government. Increased development plus additional demands for services are likely to change this historic pattern.

4-4 0 Financial figures are shown for the period between 1960 and 1965. These are shown as per capita figures, which are based on the adjusted 1960 population. In 1960, the population of the Township was 7,478. Since that date a number of new homes have been constructed and the population has begun to increase. It was estimated that the population in the summer of 1966 was 8,100. Based on an annual increase of approximately 100 persons per year it is possible to estimate population adjustments over that period.

The table on the following page shows financial trends. Revenues have remained relatively constant through 1964, but jumped sizably in 1965. A major reason for this increase was the unusually high collection of back taxes in 1965. Although there has been some fluctuation it is clear that there has been no major changes during this period as the Township has not shown significant growth spurts. It is expected that with the imposition of the work privilege tax that revenue figures will show a sizable gain in 1966 as well.

Expenditures have gradually trended upwards, but the decisive factor appears to be the amount expended on capital outlay for road improvements. This has varied year to year. Street maintenance costs have gone up noticeably as the Township has increased its local highway mileage. Other costs have remained rather nominal as the Township offers no other services. It is clear that there are no funds to provide these added services at the present time. Either taxes must be raised or significant growth mus t occur.

Presently, the Township has two bond issues outstanding. Both are for general highway improvements and the Township's total indebtedness now stands at $63,000. While this is not a sizable sum as the permitted indebtedness still exceeds $180,000, it does represent a problem to a municipality which is not in a financially strong position. Increased indebtedness must either be paid from higher taxes or new growth. Thus this fact hinders the capital improvement program of the Township.

Another area of government operations is the school system. Presently, the School District has been merged into the Hatleton Area School Dis- trict. Formerly the Township operated as a solitary district. Despite this significant administrative change, it is still useful to examine the revenues and expenditures of the old Hazle Township School District. It will make an interesting experiment when expenditures under the new District are compared with old ones on a per capita basis. For the years 1964 and 1965 expenditures have been divided on the same basis as the Hazleton Area Joint School District to provide for comparison since in thoseyears the Joint School District assumed most of the expenditures.

4-.l 1 Per Capi ta Revenues and Expenses 1960-65

Hazle Township

-I tern 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 .mi5 REVENUES

Real Estate Taxes $6.40 $6.30 $6.40 $7.00 $6.30 $10.40 All Other' Taxes -2.10 1.70 -2.10 -2.20 -1.80 1.70 Total Taxes 8.50 8.00 8.40 9.20 8.10 12.10

Subventions 2.60 2.20 2.50 2.80 2.70 4.40 L i censes and Perm i ts * 50 * 70 * 50 a 60 70 .60

Other Misc. Revenue 1.10 e 80 .60 A I_p - .70 .90 Total Other Revenue 3.80 -4.00 3.80 I4.00 -4.10 5.90 TOTAL REVENUE 12.30 12.00 12.20 13.20 12.20 18.00 Borrowed Funds - - - - 6.90 - AVA I LABLE REVENUE 12.30 12.00 12.20 13.20 19.10 18.00

EXPEND ITURES

General Administration $1 -80 $1.40 $1.40 $1.20 $1.70 $1 .5O Street 7.80 6,20 7-50 7.60 9.60 10.80 ._._. All Other Services 30 .30 .30 .40 .20 Miscellaneous -.40 -.20 ,30 -.20 -.40 -.40 Total Operations 9.00 8.10 9.50 9.30 12.10 11 .go and Maintenance

Capital Outlay I .80 2.60 1.70 .20 7.60 2.20

Debt Repayment 0 50 - 50 .50 0 50 50 .50 Interest Charges a a .20 -.10 -.10 -.20 Total Capital 2.60 3.40 2.40 .80 8.20 3.00 Expenditure

TOTAL EXPENDITURES $1 1.60 $1 I .50 $1 1.50 $10.10 $20.30 $14.90

;k Less than .O5

4-12 ,- -- . -. . - . . - . . . _" . -_ -_ .. . ..

TOTAL EXPENDITURES 25 ' TOTAL CAPITAL AND DEBT SERVICES OTHER SERVICES

20.30

15.30

1964 I 1965 ' I

MUN IC IPAL EX PE NDI TU RES 1960-4965 HAZLE TOWNSHIP Per Capi ta Revenues and Expenses, 1960-65 Hazle Township School District

REVENUES Real Estate Taxes $19.30 $19.20 $16.40 $18.50 $17.90 $17.80 All Other Taxes 4.60 4.20 4. 10 4.70 4.60 4.70 Total Taxes 23.90 23.40 20.50 23.20 22.50 22.50

Teaching Un it Reimbursement 23.90 23.50 21.10 21.10 22.50 23.80 All Other Reimbursement 8.20 6. io 6.90 7.60 7.50 7.10 Total Subventions 32.10 29.60 28.00 28.70 29.00 30.90

TOTAL REVENUES 56.00 53.00 48.50 51.90 51.50 53.40

EXPENDITURES Administration $ 4.80 $ 4.00 $ 4.00 $ 4.10 $ 3.30 $ 3.40 Instruct ion 29.80 28.60 29. io 26.80 30.00 29.80 Pupi 1 Transp. 6.30 6.10 5.20 5.10 6.30 7.20 Fixed 3.70 3.60 3.50 3.10 4.10 2.80 Hea 1 th 1.50 1.50 1.20 1 .oo * 80 .80 P1 ant Opera t ions 3.30 3.00 3.20 3.10 3.80 3.70 Plant Maintenance I.50 1.10 1.60 1.70 2.50 2.50 Other 1.10 .60 1 .go 1.20 .50 .10 Total Current Expenses 52.00 48.50 49.70 46.10 51.30 50.30

“-.L .LA Capital Outlay * 30 ,\ .10 ,. I, .40 4.40 Debt Service 5.60 1.70 1.40 1.30 1.20 1.20 Total Capital Ex pe n s es 5.90 1.70 1.50 1.30 1.60 5.60

TOTAL EXPENSES $57.90 $50.20 $51 -20 $47.40 $52.90 $55.90

:? Expenditures estimated on the basis of the Township’s share of the Hazle- ton Area School District Revenues.

4- 1’3 The result was surprisingly little change between 1960 and 1965. Instruc- tion costs per capita were the same in 1965 as 1960. Current expenditures actually showed a slight drop as did capital expenses. Revenues during the same period also showed a slight decline. A reduction in subventions, particularly those other than teaching unit subsidies, accounted for most of this decline. A major reason for this stability was the fact that no significant changes were made to the educational facilities available to Hazle Township students. No new buildings were constructed, nor was there any major capital investment. Undoubtedly, this financial picture will change in the near future.

GOVERNMENTAL CONTROLS

In addition to services provided by Hazle Township, there are a number of ordinances or controls imposed. There are four bas c types of controls which are directly related to planning. These are: building, housing or environmental health, zoning and subdivision contro s. At the present time, Hazle Township has no building code or environmental health controls. In recent years the Township has enacted both Zoning and Subdivision Con- trols. However, only the subdivision control was in effect when much of the new development in the Township was constructed.

The subdivision code is very unusual in that complete power is vested with the Board of Supervisors. In most such codes the Supervisors have the ultimate power, but have delegated the review procedures to the Planning Commis- sion. The Hazle Township Planning Commission was not established in 1959 when this ordinance was adopted. Two plans must be submitted before approval i.s given. Those are called the Preliminary and Final Plan. The Preliminary Plan must be submitted in six copies with a scale of 1" to 50 feet. Cost is $10.00 plus 25~for each lot. The Plan must show the name of the subdivision, names and addresses of the owner, subdivider and engineer; street layout, lot layout; parcels of land to be dedicated to public use; setbacks; location map; tract boundary lines; existing streets; proposed utilities; existing platting; areas subject to flooding; other features or conditions which will affect the subdivision; a description of any deed restrictions and site data. The Final Plan may be only a part of the Preliminary Plan and show accurate boundary lines and distances and directions from street corners and monuments; accurate locations of all streets intersecting the tract; street names; complete curve plan; accurate street lines; lot numbers and dimensions; easements; accurate dimensions of any public land and other data required by the Prel iminary Plan.

The bulk of the code is concerned with design standards. These permit the Supervisors to require public sites or open space, although such a requirement is of doubtful legality. Most of the design requirements are related to streets. They must be adjusted to the contour and extend to the boundaries when desirable. Adjacent streets outside the subdivision must be connected. All streets must have a right-of-way of 50 feet and feeder

4- 14 streets must have a width of 60 feet. Alleys, when provided, must be 20 feet in width. Intersections shall be at right angles and intersections of more than 2 streets are to be avoided. There are also regulations on street curbs, vertical curvature, maximum grades, minimum grades, minimurn sight distances and marginal access streets. The subdivision code also has maximum dimensions requirements for blocks and minimum distances for intersections with arterial roads. Lot requirements are also imposed including a depth to width ratio, setback requirements, minimum size and restrictions on reverse frontage lots. Easements must have a minimum width of 12 feet, six feet from both sides of a property line. Restric- tions are also imposed on improvements. Streets must be graded, surfaced and improved as required by the Supervisors. Sewer connections must be made where feasible.

The regulations of this code are well suited for Hazle Township and, if enforced, represent a major planning step. It must be noted that the Code does not employ a number of the more sophisticated controls now common in subdivision regulations. There are not enough required improvements. Particularly sidewalks, street 1 ights, gutters, street signsg shade trees3 fire hydrants, monuments and markers should be included. Nonetheless, the Code is well written and, overall, must be considered an effective control.

The Zoning Code was adopted more recently. There is a total of seven zoning districts including A-1 (Agriculture) R-1 Single Family, R-2 (Two Fam- i ly and Apartment), B-1 (Neighborhood Commercial and Shopping Center), B-2 (General Commercial), 1-1 (Industrial), M-1 (Mining). The permitted uses are exclusive within the zone, so that there is no problem of a descending grade of uses. Single family houses are permitted in the A-I, R-1, and R-2 districts,A basic lot size of 20,000 square feet is required in these districts if neither public water or sewers are available. In the R-2 district the lot size is reduced to 7,200 sq. feet if both public water and sewers are available. Also imposed are a front yard, rear yard and side yard requirements. Homes cannot exceed 25 stories or 35 feet in height. Area and height restrictions are also imposed in the industrial, commercial and mining districts but here they are minimal and of little value. 'The difference between the B-1 and B-2 districts is primarily that more open commercial uses are permitted in 8-2. Permitted uses are individually named. This can create significant legal questions in definitions. The industrial uses permitted are restricted by performance standards. This certainly represents a progressive step. but there is some question as to the Township's ability to enforce these controls. The mining district generally permits coal mining, quarries, railroad yards and utilities.

The Zoning Code includes 12 articles. Of these the first and last app'ly on'ly to the adoption of the code. Articles 39 4 and 5 are related to the districts discussed in the preceding paragraph. Article 2 has a number of common restrictions affecting accessory buildings, corner lots, conversions and excavation. The conversion section permits conversions

4-1 5 only when a similar new building would be permitted. Sections are also contained on non-conforming uses which prohibit a continuation of the use when more than 60% has been damaged. A section also restricts expansion. This article also prohibits the use of the rear of a property for the construction of a new building unless certain requirements are met:. This has been a problem in the Township. Agricultural buildings and public utilities are excepted. A minimum road frontage required is imposed, and restrictions on visibility at intersections are also imposed.

In Article 6 a number of supplementary provisions are imposed regarding specific problems such as amusement centers, animal hospitals, signs, cemeteries, community buildings, nurseries, drive-in theaters, golf driving ranges, home occupations , hospitals , junk yards, motels, off-street loading and parking, landfills, swimming pools, schools and trailer parks. The concept of imposing supplementary controls on certain types of uses is a good one because it is not possible to reach the problems created by these uses in the individual zoning districts. For example, site restrictions on signs are imposed here which could not be enforced elsewhere. Parking requirements are imposed by the type of use. For residences at least one off-street space must be provided.

Article 7 has provisions for certain exceptions on lot sizes various projections and various structures which would seem better located in Article 2. The Zoning Board of Adjustment's powers are covered in Article 8. This includes appeals, special exceptions and variances. Detai 1s are given on procedure in making applications, hearings and decision making. The Code lacks specific standards on the Zoning Board of Adjustment's discretion in these cases.

Administration requirements are in Article 9. This includes the duties of the Zoning Officer, who is to enforce the code,as well as specific data on zoning permits. A certificate of occupancy is required before the use may be used. Charges for permits are $5.00 for residences, $10.00 for apartments, $20 for commercial or industrial buildings, $I for agricultural structures. Appeals to the Board are $23 and applications for a zoning change requiring an action by the Supervisors is $25. There is no charge for certificates of occupancy. The Code would well include a number of requirements for special permits regarding relatively unique problems. In Article 10 the procedure for amending the codes is stated. This includes notice to property owners. Definitions are included in Article 11.

In general the Zoning Code is a good one if it is properly enforced. The Code does lack provisions for cluster developments which allow some relax- ation of controls according to an approved plan. The section on mining could be more strict. Special problems such as the conversion of a home for professional uses and recreational uses could be included. Performance

4-16 standards in commercial districts would be desirable. Area and bulk controls, particularly as related to commercial and industrial uses, could be improved. Nonetheless, the Code as it now stands is better than most municipal zoning codes and has a number of features which are particularly applicable to unique problems in Hazle Township such as the construction on the rear of lots.

Material in this chapter has been gathered from field survey and inter- views conducted by the Consultant. Other sources are the records of the Pennsylvania Department of Highways, required financial records of the School District and the Township, newspaper stories and various brochures. The publications of the Luzerne County Planning Commission have also been utilized in this chapter.

4-17 Chapter 5

CONS ENSUS

EXPLANATION

The preceding chapters have presented material on existing conditions in both Hazle Township and Luzerne County, An understanding of these conditions can provide insight valuable in the developing of proposals for future growth and improvement. At some point before the proposals of the Plan are advanced, it is necessary to personalize the data. This is the purpose of this chapter which is entitled "consensus".

The manner in which this personalization is attempted is through discussion of problems facing Hazle Township. These problems are presented in the same general format as the preceding chapters are placed. In this way a con- tinuity is maintained. A bridge is also provided which enables the reader to go forward and find proposals advanced to meet these problems. The reader is also able to go back to the preceding chapters and reexamine the supporting data to see it in a new light or different perspective.

One point to be emphasized at this time is that there are no quick solutions to these problems. Indeed, there are no final answers to any of them. A review of the problems facing Hazle Township creates an awareness of them and this may be the most important aspect of the planning program. The answers remain changeable in planning, only the question continues with few modifications.

Proposals which will be advanced are never definite. Conditions change and needs are altered,, Some of these proposals are designed to hopefully provide a more or less complete solution. Each solution must be weighed on a scale of political practicality. Some will be found wanting here. However, if the problem itself could be more fully understood, there would be far less hesitance to seek solutions. It is hoped that this chapter can provide this insight.which is so essential to any planning effort.

REG 1 ONA L RE LAT I ONSH I PS

A major question confronting Hazle Township concerns'the Township's future role within the Hazleton Area. In the past, Hazle Township was an employment center because of its coal mines. Today, this fact is no longer significant and the Township must consider either a suburban role or some other position within the Hazleton Region.

5-1 The second problem concerns the general economic state of the region. To solve employment problems created by the dominance of coal mining in the area, the first solution was to encourage textile companies to employ women. As coal declined in demand,this approach had to be expanded to attract male employment. 'Today a further change appears to be indicated, that is to provide an increasing number of highly skilled or white-collar jobs to attract and retain younger persons in the area. It is now not enough to simply provide work for the unemployed, but to start a development program tha,t is much more selective. Fortunately, portions of Hazle Township are advantageously located to Interstate Route 81 which crosses its western portion. Statistics indicate the relatively small proportion of skilled jobs.

A final concern is the regulation of growth in the area. Statistics seem to indicate that previous declining trends have been reversed and that growth is occurring. This is especially apparent in the Township. Yet in all too many areas it is unregulated or inadequately regulated. One of the major difficulties is that there is little or no regional planning being done except at the County level. Individual municipalities and semi-independent boards have a poor record of cooperation. Each seems to be exclusively concerned with its own area wlth little awareness of the impac.t on others, Unplanned growth can leave future problems just as the now barren culm piles and strippings are constant reminders of the unres- tricted growth of the coal industry.

PLANNlNG COMPONENT'S

There Is a problem of a local identity for the Township itself. The primary concern is the identity which the average resident will have with Township government. This will hinge on services to a large degree. If Hazle Township is to continue 3s it is today, then there must be a closer relationship between the government structure and the residents. Without some general concPusion in this area it is difficult to Justify the underlying reasons for the Comprehensive Plan.

A second prob1emcorrc~t-nsthe aging population of many areas of the Township, particularly the coal villages, In these areas there is little mobility. This indicates that programs must be altered somewhat to accommodate the desYres of such persons. Facilities too, must be provided to serve the needs of an older population.

A companion problem with that of an aging population, concerns increased effort to stem the tide of out-migration of young persons from the Township. The lack of challenging opportunities to build a better life in their home community is the primary reason for this trend. It is a problem which must be met with better jobs and improved local facilities for today's youth.

5 -2 A financial examination of families within the Township points out an inequity in salary levels, The proportion of low paying jobs is far too high. If the Township is to have a viable economy, then it needs to have a more representative selection of families of varying means. A prepon- derance of low or high income families tends to stratify a community and make growth difficult because adjustment is restricted by the dominance of one or another group.

In general there has been little industrial development of the Township except in certain locations, Commercial development has been negligible. The favorable location of the western section of the Township and the availability of land point toward a strengthening of this aspect of the local economy.

-PLANNE NG CHARACTER1 STI CS

There are a number of problems which deserve to be discussed In this general area. Of first concern are the coal villages where development has occurred without contro1,and was based upon an Industry which has become a minor consideration in the local economy. These coal villages must fit into the future development plans for Hazle Township in some way so that they do not become pockets of poverty to some future generation.

Residential development which has occurred in Hazle Township has invariably been concentrated around the coal villages or around Hazleton, There has been an insufficient variation in the types of residential development which has occurred,and it has failed to makeuse of the wide expansion of open areas which are the Township,

A major concern is the appearance of the Township. Specific attention needs to be placed on the utilization of the areas where stripping has occurred. There are a number of possible ways in which this land could be uti Iized. These should be studied carefully so that the potential reuses of each of the areas where stripping has occurred can be reviewed. In this way a wide variety of new uses can be grouped within the Township to improve 1 ts overa 11 appearance.

Equally significant are the extensive forested areas which now exist in the Township. These remain barren and are not utilized for wood or for recreational activity. This may be the Township’s greatest asset and needs to be better utilized.

A major land use in the Township is the Hazleton Airport. The role which this use will play in future years is an important consideration and needs to be studied carefully. Certainly, this facility and the surrounding land should be developed in such a way as to strengthen the economic base of the T’ownshi p.

5 -3 Presently there are a number of coal mines remaining in the Township, but the number of direct links with the heyday of coal mining are rapidly being lost. For many persons this is a past that cannot be too quickly forgotten. Yet, there must be at some time an acceptance of this past before anything lasting can be built upon it. Proposals for Hazle Township must take into account this rich past of mining history and provide a way by which its legacy can be accepted with modern living.

Another problem in this area is the housing itself. In the coal villages the older housing poses a significant problem in retaining its value. A few of the homes are not being well maintained and this has the tendency of downgrading the entire area. Improper storage and open dumping in many areas further accentuates the appearance problem of many of these coal villages,

The lack of any overall system of refuse collection and disposal has led to the dumping of waste in strlppings, along unused roads, in fields and in any open lot. This is coupled with the poor.storage practices of several automobile graveyards and other commercial dumps. These locations are natural breeding areas for rodents and insects. In so doing they are an established threat to public health. Open burning also creates a problem of air pollution.

Probably the most significant of the health problems is sewage disposal. In most of the coal villages there has been no change in the method of sewage disposal since the mines were operating. A wide variety of systems are utilized. Although many of the coal villages have a uniform collection system there are no treatment facilities.

PLANN I NG COORD I NATES

It is within this general area that most of the problems in the Township can be grouped. Since most of these problems do not concern basic aspects, it is probable that most of them are correctable. Certainly one of the most serious is the lack of a system of interconnecting roads between the coal villages. For most, there is a necessity to travel through Hazleton to get from one side of the Township to the other.

The lack of an effective road system makes coordination between the different areas very difficult. This can probably be said to be the Township's greatest need.

A major need in the eastern portion of the Township is a road similar to Interstate 81. Such a road would serve as a stimulus to this area by providing a high-speed transportation system. A connection with Hazleton is also needed if this area is to be developed.

The relocation of Pa, Rt. 924 to the west will help through traffic to avoid purely local traffic which can use Sheppton Road. Such a road is also needed to the north and east. Presently Freeland Road travels a circuitous route through a number of coal villages. If relocated it could provide an effective northern route between Freeland and Valmont, by-passing local condi t ions

5 -4 A major concern which affects the Township very significantly is the lack of a public sewage system. Presently Hazle Township is a member of the Greater Hazleton Sewage Authority, but this will not provide a sewage system for any of the coal villages, Additional work needs to be done to determine the most feasible ways of providing sewers to these villages particularly Lattimore and Harwood. Such a system might utilize a small community package plant or be tied into the system under construction by the Authority. Another concern is that public water be extended to all sections of the Township so that development will not be detered.

There are a number of community services and facilities which are not provided in HarYe Township, Although there are two small fire companies. they cannot fully service the entire Township by themselves. There is at present no police force. To provide these services the Township may have to consider a number of unusual alternatives such as contracting for the services, entering into a contract with other municipalities to jointly provide them, or integrate the fire and police services, Some specific suggestions should be offered in the proposals advanced.

At present there are really no services provided except street improvements, A recreation program is planned and can be a significant help to the coal villages, Such a program will need to extend further than one for children exclusively, It might also include a community area with a senior program, branch library and reading room, health clinic and other community services, A cooperative program for financing will be necessary since the Township could not assume the whole burden.

One of the most significant problems which is related to many of the pre- c.edlng ones is the lack Qf coordination between the various parts of Hazle Township, 'The limited accessibility that now exists makes it a difficult area LO govern. This condition could be improved by attempting to provide local leadership In the coal vi 1 lages themselves under the Township govern,- ment, In this, local response can be stimulated and each of the separate areas of Hazle Township wi 91 be better able to work together. This WP 11 be an essential condition if the Plan is to be effectively implemented,

Another prob'lem which is also strongly related to many of the other previous ones is tne question of tax resources. Presently the Township depends heavily on real estate taxes to raise funds, A w0der and stronger tax base Is needed. Certainly if Harle Township is to expand, it must look c.arefuPPy at this question, Unless substantial changes can be made it is probable t:hat many of the proposed services will be on a shared basis with several other municipalities, The proposals should also review the Iikeiihood of some portioll of these costs to be assumed by private funds or government grants, The problem of funding the proposals of the Comprehensive Plan can well be the crux of the question as to whether the proposals will be effective.

Presently the Township government is operated on a part-time basis, Bn future years this type of government will not: be possible as increased demands for, services develop. Effective government will be an essential ingredient in carrying-out the Comprehensive Plan. 5 -5 The remaining problem area is that of enforcement of effective restrictions on development which will make it conform to the proposals of the Plan. This is not an easy matter in a community which is not accustomed to these regulations. The To~~nshlphas adopted both a zoning code and subdivision code, but has not enforced either particularly well. There is no building or envlronmental sanitation code, Both codes are needed in a community like Hazle Township where growth is occuring. It may be necessary to provide effective enforcement by joiniQg with another municipality. Certainly, if the proposals of the plan are to be carried-out, then a strong enforcement program is necessary.

SUMMARY

An extensive list of problems has been prepared for consideration. At this pol nt p it may be helpful to provide an abreviated listing of these problems.

1. Role of the Township in Southern Luzerne County 2. Expans ion of ski 1 led jobs 3. Lack of effective regional planning 4. The problem of an identity for the future 5. An aging population in certain areas 6. The out-migration of younger persons 70 An unfavorable balance in the proportion of low income families 8. Lack of adequate industrial or commercial development 9. The place of the coal village in the future development PO, Lack of sufficient variety in the types of residential development 11. Unsightly appearance of many undeveloped sections of the Township 12. Better utilization of wooded areas 13 Airport improvements 14, Lack of sufficient link to coal mining past 15 Exterior appearance of developed areas 16. Open dumpi ng 17. Poor sewage disposal practices 18. 'Lack of an effective integrated local road system 19, Major highway in the eastern section of the Township

20 0 Relocation of Pa. Rt. 940 21. CompTletion of necessary public utilities

22 L Inadequate public safety services

23 0 Lack of an effective recreation and community program

Certainly no one can say that these are the only problems facing the Township ship or that all of them are equally important. This is not the purpose. it. is designed to provide a review of the problems of Hazle Township as seen by an outsider. There are advantages and disadvantages to this approach. As outsiders, we cannot hope to know all of the local matters well enough to fully appreciate them, This disadvantage can be overcome to some degree by utilizing a fresh approach that only an outsider can provide.

5 -6 In th subsequent two pa ts of the Comp h nsiv Plan it is ex ected that all of these points will be covered with definitive recommendations offered, which in the Consultant's opinion will help to alleviate the intensity of the problem. Certainly everyone must be realistic to know that not all problems can be eliminated. Some solutions bring with them new problems and others are politically unfeasible. This consideration is then left with the Planning Commission and the governing body who have the task of effectuating these proposals.

5 -7 HAZ LE TOWNSH I P

COMPREHENSIVE PLAN

PART TWO - DEVELOPMENT PROPOSALS

Apri 1 1967 HAZLE TOWNSHIP PLANNING COMMISSION

Frank A. Rowland, Chairman

John .A. Salata, Jr. Secretary

John C. Homa, Jr.

Michael A. Tranguch

Joseph M. Sarosky .. __ ...... 9 . ..

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

INTRODUCTION ...... 1

Chapter One DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL ...... 1-1 The Alternatives ...... 1-1 The Luzerne County Land Use Plan ...... 1-2 Community Goals ...... 1-3 Development Limitations ...... 1-5 General Problems ...... 1-7 . Chapter Two THE LAND USE PLAN ...... 2-1 Overall Description ...... 2-1 Components of the Land Use Plan ...... 2-1 Description of the Components ...... 2-2 Variations from Existing Proposals ...... 2-8 General Problems ...... 2-8 The Plan and the Planning Areas ...... 2-11

Chapter Three THE CIRCULATION PLAN ...... 3-1 The Overall Description ...... 3-1 Major Highway Proposals a e a ...... 3-1 Local Highway Proposals . I a . , ...... 3-3 Public Transportation Plans ...... 3-5 Highway Standards ...... 3-6 General Problems ...... 3-8 Impact on Planning Areas ...... 3-9

Chapter Four THE COMMUNITY FACILITIES AND UTILITIES PLAN ...... 4-1 Overall DescrYption ...... 4-1 Utilities ...... 4-1 Community Facilities ...... 4-5 General Problems ...... 4-10 Impact on Planning Areas ...... 4-1 1'

Chapter Five CONTINUING PLANNING ...... 5-1 Concern with Details ...... 5-1 Stripping Areas ...... 5-2 Harwood ...... 5-7 Stockton Valley ...... 5-8 Airport Industrial Park ...... 5-9 Other Planning Suggestions ...... 5-9 General Problems ...... 5-10 .. 1 NTR 0BUC.T I ON i \/ Part One, DEVELOPMENT PATTERNS

The volume entitled Development Patterns was the first part of a three- part study comprising a Comprehensive Plan for Hazle Township. This first publication was concerned with an analysis of regional and local existing conditions and growth trends that effect planning and development. It discussed specific community problems and reviewed possible- approaches to solutions.

Part Two, DEVELOPMENT PROPOSALS

This volume utilizes the findings of Part 1 along with general planning goals. Specific long-range recommendations are presented concerning future land use, circulation and community facilities. Particular emphasis is placed upon the development of a continuing planning program, with stress placed upon the creation of plans for small areas within the Townsh i p h Development Proposals are what is normally thought of as planning, In the future this volume is expected to be the most heavily utilized because it has the long-range goals of the municipality. Planning decisions which will be made when the program is finished should be based

I upon this material. It will need to be reevaluated and updated period- \.d' ically as conditiohs change and new proposals are advanced. In this way it becomes a living plan; otherwise, it will become a forgotten piece of paper. This volume, as the previous one, is divided Lnto five chapters, as follows.

Development Potential

This chapter discusses a number of possible alternatives on which the plan can be based. The implications of the County plan are also discussed here. Particularly important are the community goals which are set forth. Those limitations which exist in the carrying of these goals are discussed. This provides a summary of much of the pertinent informati.on from Part One. Finally a number of the general problems identified in Part One are answered.

The Land Use Plan

This chapter attempts to visually and textually describe the particular land use components. These are divided into residential, commercial, industrial and other uses. This chapter also contains a discussion of the plan as it affects the five neighborhoods defined in Part One and answers a number of questions posed in the concluding chapter of Part One.

1. The Circulation Plan

This chapter contains a review of major highway proposals It is also concerned with internal traffic flows and the future of pub1 ic transportation. A section is devoted to the improvement of local roads. As in the previous chapters, details of the plan affecting the neighborhoods are discussed, as are several problems raised in Part One.

The Community Facilities and Utilities Plan

This is another important aspect of the planning process. Particular stress is placed on needed improvements to those public utilities and community facilities discussed in Part One so that they might serve the municipality more effectively in future years. Questions raised in Part One in this general area are answered in this chapter. The implications of the proposals of each of the neighborhoods is also covered..

Continuinq Planninq

This chapter stresses the need to continue the planning process by providing more specific improvements for areas within the municipality. Much , of the-chapter is devoted to a concern for the beautification of the community. Then three specific areas are treated in more detail so that this process may serve as a guide to the continuing work of the Planning Commis- sion. Once again general problems raised in Part One which are appropriate to this chapter are answered.

Part Three, DEVELOPMENT PROCEDURES

The final volume will review the various methods of implementing the planning proposals advanced in Part Two. Particular emphasis will be placed on land use controls as a means of enforcing the plan. This will include zoning and subdivision controls. Methods by which future proposals can be evolved will be reviewed on the basis of future statistical data. Finally, other effectuation techniques will be discussed with attention focused on fiscal planning through capital improvement scheduling and programs of community involvement.

2. Chapter One

DEVELOPMENT POTENT IAL

The Alternatives

The first part of the Comprehensive Plan reviewed conditions as they presently exist and discussed their effect on future planning. Particular planning problems were listed in the fifth chapter of that report. It was the purpose of that chapter to bridge the gap between a report about existing conditions and future proposals, This chapter, too, attempts to accompl ish this purpose by first stating the alternatives which are possible in the plan and then reviewing several important items which must be related to any planning proposal. These include the existing Luzerne County Land Use Plan, the goals of the community, and the limitations on development occurring from existing conditions. A separate section is contained on each of these items. This chapter also reviews the first four problems listed in Chapter 5, Consensus, of Part I.

Hazle Township surrounds the major city in the area. As Hazleton expanded, residential suburban areas developed in the Township. This development, along with a number of small villages clustered around coal workings, constitute its residential areas. U.S. Route 309 as it bisects the Township from north to south has provided an attractive location for a number of commercial and industrial uses. There are also a number of other similar scattered activiti+s. Altogether they hardly make a dent in the Township's total land area of nearly 50 square miles, Thus, pending development is a major concern facing the Township, although the problems of the renewal of areas affected by the coal industry is equally important.

'There is a wide range of potential alternatives which can be considered. The major concern must be in keeping these alternatives, realistic. Basically, they must accomplish two general results. They must provide for a rehabilitation of existing coal strippings and the old villages to serve a useful function,and they must provide a balanced type of development for the Township covering residential, commercial and industrial land use rather than solely a suburban growth pattern. It is important that planning decisions be made now so that growth proceeds in an organized and orderly manner.

In accomplishing this objective the 'Township can develop as a series of small interconnected communities with each offering its own services. Another possibility would be to permit growth in an expanded circle beyond the City. Large portions of this area would be used for certain general types of activities which would permit concentrations of uses still using the City as the basic hub. Finally, a third alternative would be based on future development of the Township along the major highway arteries, such as U.S. Route 309, Interstate Route 81, Pa. Route 93, and several new proposed roads. In this proposal intensified kvelopment would occur along these roads, with a lower density of development located further away from the access route. These are three forms which development could take. It is not likely that any one could be adopted totally, but that the actual plan will borrow aspects from all three.

1-1 The intensification of development is another major consideration in the alterha- tives involved in the Plan. How much emphasis should be given to open area or low density development? At present a large portion of the Township is undeveloped. It would seem desirable to maintain some of the open character in the Plan. The ultimate decision will determine the degree. Another factor which involves a question of degree is the relative amount of dependence the Township is to have to Hazleton. Are a sufficient number of industrial jobs to be encouraged to create a force? Decisions in the Plan must reflect this consideration.

The preceding chapters have reviewed a number of possibilities in the choice of alternatives in the development of Hazle Township. These include the reason for evaluating the types of uses to be given preference or top consideration in the Plan as well as the shape and intensification that will take place. Before decisions in these matters can be made, several factors must be considered.

T'he Luzerne County Land Use Plan

In 1963 the Luzerne County Planning Commission developed a land use plan for 1980 for the entire County. The purpose of the plan was to provide for an orderly development of undeveloped sections of the County and to assist in the redevelopment of older areas. In preparing the plan, Luzerne County was divided into seven planning areas. These were Greater Wilkes-Barre, Greater Hazleton, Greater Pittston, Greater Nanticoke, Greater Shickshinny, Greater Black Mountain and Greater Mountain Top.

Of particular interest are the recommendations for the Greater Hazleton area, which included the City of Hazleton; the Boroughs of Conyngham, Freeland, West Hazleton and Jeddo; and the Townships of Black Creek, Sugarloaf, Hazle, Butler and Foster. This includes I70 square miles. Presently only 7,900 acres of 7% of the total area were developed in 1960. Approximately 9% was mine spoil and 84% undeveloped. ?he majority of this land was in woodland, with the other 45"k in farms, open areas or gamelands.

About 2,000 acres in the area were used for residential purposes. It was estimated that another 430 additional acres would be needed for this purpose by 1980. 'T'he Plan proposed that the area of the Township directly to the north of Hazleton be used for residential development. Another area for such use is the land north of Green Ridge in the old Hazle Park area. In 1960 there were over 500 acres of land used for commercial activities. The largest proportion of this was in Hazleton. An additional 26 acres was proposed. In Hazle Township this called for filling-in of such uses along U.S. Route 309 immediately to the north and south of the City. An increase of 560 acres of land for this purpose was proposed. It was proposed to expand Valmont industrial Park to the south. This land is in Hazle Township. No other new areas for such use were set aside, although existing areas were maintained.

1-2 Other proposals called for an increase in public recreational space by 130 acres. None of this land was in the Township with the exception of the proposed new high school, for which no site was designated, and the renewal of some of the strippings, About 1,000 acres of new roads was proposed, including Interstate 81, a realigned Pa. Route 93 which would cross Hazle Park, and a link of existing Pa. Route 940 to the Valmont Industrial Park along Black Creek. The realignment of Pa. Route 93 would provide a quicker access between downtown Hazleton and Valmont. A continuation of Pa. Route 940 would provide a direct access from Freeland to the Industrial Park. Another proposal suggested was the rehabilitation of the strippings in the Lattimer and Pardeesville areas. No specific proposals were suggested, however. The only other proposal affecting the Township was the propos'ed expansion of the airport to the west.

The Luzerne County Plan should be considered as a guide to be followed. While the specific suggestions need not be incorporated per se, they do suggest a considered County need. If the County proposal is not accepted, then some other alternative should be chosen and the reason for the difference explained.

Communi ty Goa 1 s

It is desirable for the municipality to express a number of goals for which it intends to strive and which are the basic guidelines for its planning programs. These should cover all forms of land use so that they can be considered comprehens i ve.

1. Hazle Township should contain a variety of land uses. The goal is that the municipality avoid becoming dependent on any one land use type and be able to provide space for a variety of activities. Although a full range of economic activity is to be encouraged, its magnitude should not exceed the general needs of the residents of the Township.

2. Hazle Township should become primarily a residential community of single-family housing. The intent is that the municipality should place particular emphasis on low-density residential development which can best be fitted into the open and unused land. This decision does not infer that other forms of housing will be eliminated, but that other housing will be secondary in importance.

3. Hazle Township should encourage industrial development. It is important that the Plan stress areas for a variety of types of industrial development, ranging from industrial parks to intensified uses requiring large acreage.

1-3 4. Hazle Township should encourage coordinated commercial activities. To provide for a full range of land uses,it is desirable that groupings of commercial activities be encouraged, particularly at locations which enable a planned unit rather than having such uses placed along highway strips.

5. Hazle Township should provide extensive recreational opportunities. It is recognized that both the location of the Township as well as its many acres of wooded land provide a unique recreational opportunity to residents in urban areas. Such uses should be given a prominent place in the Township's future development.

6. Hatle Township recognizes the need for renewal and rehabilitation. Many areas of the Township are now affected by the blighting influences of coal wastes, The villages clustered around coal ' workings need to be revitalized if the Township is to develop.

7. Hazle Township should encourage the development of planned residential communities. With abundant land area for development, it is recognized that a planned development offering full services meeting the recreational and commercial needs of the community should be encouraged. In this way ultimate local costs can be reduced and a more desirable community life be created.

8. Hatle Township recognizes the need for greater local highway accessibility and an effective public transportation system. At present Hazle Township has an inadequate system of local roads, andmany of its residents are nearly isolated. This road network must be improved. Along with these improvements an effective public transportation system must be provided with an emphasis on commuter service.

9. Hazle Township recognizes the need for an eastern Hazleton By- Pass. The construction of Interstate 81 wi 11 faci 1 itate the future development of the western half of the Township. Such development is now restricted in the eastern portion because of the lack of major access route. This proposal is necessary D to the eventual development of the Township.

10, Hazle Township should encourage an appreciation of its coal mining past. The development of the municipality came about because of the coal industry. Many of its current problems are attributable to the decline of that industry. It is recognized that no real progress can be made without an acceptance of this past in a manner which can be a part of the future development of the municipality.

1-4 These represent 10 of the major goals desired by Hazle Township in its Comprehensive Plan. Certainly no plan can immediately propose solutions to complex problems which have remained for years. However, such goals can provide a beginning which indicates the way the problem may be explored and a solution suggested. These goals can then be used as a testing device for the plan proposals and as a quide for the consideration of solutions.

Development Li mi tat i ons

The preceding sections have focused on the possible choices which are available to the Township and the community goals which illustrate its desires. At this point it is essential that a number of the limiting factors on such future development be reviewed.

Such limitations are of two general backgrounds. First, there are the natural limitations of slope, soil, water and weather. The other conditions are man- made and they frequently pose more severe problems, These would include health hazards, congestion, blighting influences, and lack of access, among others

Severe slope conditions exceeding 20% exist to the south of Black Creek along the Township's northern border with Sugarloaf Township and in the western portion adjacent to Black Creek Township. This situation also exists along the Catawissa Creek and to a smaller extent along the border with East Union Township. It also is present at spots along Cranberry Creek. Throughout the western section of the Township there are many acres where slope conditions exceed 10%. Such conditions do not prohibit building but are likely to increase construction costs, Despite these problems, the land along Pa. Route 924 is readily developable, In the eastern portion of the Township north and south Stockton Mountain creates the only severe slope problem. These kills rise 200 feet above the creeks (Black Creek, Hazle Creek and Dreck Creek) which separate them. However, much of the land on these hills has a slope between 10% and 20%, so that low-density development is possible. There are also a few slope problems to the north of Pa. Route 940, but these are relatively minor.

Soil conditions in Harle Township cause substantial building limitations. Generally on-lot water is not plentiful, particularly in the Post-Pottsville formations. An added problem is the extreme acidity of soil which may create an acid condition in the water, A further problem is contamination of underground water sources. On-lot sewage disposal is generally suitable on large lots in the Fleetwood and Hazleton soils where absorption rates are considered moderate. It is not recommended on virtually any other soil because of the slow permeability and the close proximity of the hardpan to the surface. Man-made conditions constitute another problem. Generally building of any type is not recommended on mine dumps unless extensive preparation has been undertaken. Strip mines can be utilized, but any development must proceed cautiously. It should be well planned and executed. It can be said that there are no impossible limitations to development in most areas, if public water is provided, and public sewers are provided on lots of less than one acre or where conditions are not suitable for it. Certainly development should proceed cautiously in virtually every section of the Township. 1-5 7 .j_. more significant? however., are the man-made conditions which grow from existing development in the Township. Primarily, this problem involves the vast areas which are subject to stripping operations. In the westerri secrion of the Township strippings exist on both sides of Sheppton Road. They are particularly concentrated in the Harwood area. That village itself is completely surrounded by strippings which extend to the city limits. A pasti- cularly large blighted area extends in a triangle formed by connecting Cranberry, Humboldt and Beaver Brook. Virtually all of this area has been heavily mined. While it is not actively mined today, the vast amounts of loose rock materials, deep trenches, and high cliffs characterize the area, While stripped land dominates the landscape, there are also a number of breaker- waste deposits. Perhaps the most significant ones now flank Ileaver Brook. It is this area whtre active rnining Is still being done. The northern area of the western section has relatively Ilttle.coa1 wastes. although the condition does exist along the Lehigh Valley Railroad.

In the eastern section of .the Township there are extensive strippings, as certain areas have been heavily mined. The entire area around Jeansvi?le extending over to Beaver Brook has been both deep mined and stripped. Coal mining activities are still being conducted here. There are three other principal areas of extensive

'. ,- i pping running in an east-west direction. The largest is along Black Creek between ,the stream and Pa. Route 924. These extend from U.S. Route 309 to Jeddo. Stripping operations still continue in this area, with the major breaker being at Harleigh. Coal roads provide direct access from stripping operations in this area and from the Hazle Creek as well. This latter area extends from the City to Hazle- brook and is located on both sides of the creek. Operations presently are centered in the western portion of the area. It appears that mining will cease in the near future in this area. The other major section is no longer extensively mined. It extends from : srth of the airport to beyond Drifton. Some limited operations are still conducted at Pardeesville and Drifton? but they do not appear to involve major mining activity. Whiie there Is no significant creek in this area, a branch of the Black Creek does extend over much of Pt. There are also a few coal piles from breaker wastes in this areap but [hey are relatively rare, Perhaps the most severe development prob'lem in these coal wastes is their appearance. As a result of their existence, there has been no new development in these areas except for a few new homes adjacent to the coal villages. Other problems are, of course, inadequate settling and the ;xgged contours, both of which increase development costs.

As extensive as is the problem of coal waste, it is not the only man-made limitation affecting the future development of the Township. The other concern is the coal villages themselves. In many instances they are interrelated with the coal mining operations, such as Crystal Ridge and Beaver Brook and are almost obscured by them. An example of the problem Is Harwood. which is located at the interchange of Inter- state 81 with Pa. Route 924. This village certainly hinders *he potentia? development of the land around the interchange. En some of the vill3ges new development has occurred on the outlying fringes. This is particularly true in Lattimer and Pardeesville. Other villages, particularly New Coxeville, pose no problem to development since they are generally attractive themselves, while others, such as Stockton, are too small to have a serious impact. Nonetheless, the existence of the village itself must be considered carefully in determining realistic development plans for the area.

1-6 There are other man-made limitations, particularly the dumps and auto graveyards, Perhaps the most noteworthy is the Kress Properry In the Green Ridge area, which now has a serious impact on that area, There are several others, many considerably smaller, which also must be considered. Factory operations such as Beryllium create a significant problem in that other development must be located at some distance from it. Older factories can also effect development by their appearance as well. Two other forms of development must also be mentioned, These are the commercial development which has begun to strip U,S. Route 309, and several cld extensions of the City to the north and east are now somewhat blighted. Land in and around these areas cannot be readily developed because there is E general lack of demand when there are many other undeveloped sites. This is ;le- cause despite inflated prices for it, potential profits to be realized from the vacant land unhindered by existing development are greater.

General Problems

In Chapter 5, "Consensus", Part I, a list of problems facing Hazle Township was prepared. A number of these problems are of a general nature and can be treated at this point. These questions concern the Township's role in the future in matters which are shared with a larger area,

THE ROLE OF THE TOWNSHIP IN SOUTHERN LUZERNE COUNTY

It is foreseen that Hazle Township will be primarily a residential community for the Greater Hazleton area. Despite this fact, the Township is expected to be the location for a number of new industrial and commercial activities which will have a significant position in the Township, In this way it is expected that Hazle Township will be close to being a self-sufficient community offering most of the services needed by its residents.

Equally important is the political role which the Township will play in the Greater Hazleton area, Certainly it is expected that much of the leadership should be supplied by the largest municipalityz which is Hazleton. However, time is in favor of the Township. New growth will occur primarily in the Township, rather than in the older urban areas. This growth will create a number of problems, particularly because the Township has not offered much in the way of municipal services. Because of this facr: the Township will find it necessary to cooperate in regional discussions copcerning problems which extend beyond its boundaries. Hazle Township must have sufficient far-sighted leadership to recognize these facts. Failure TO do so will require the Township to ask for services in the future rather than to plan for them now.

EXPANSiON PN THE NUMBER OF SKILLED JOBS

One of the prevailing problems in Luzerne County is the relatively small proportion of highly skilled jobs which require extensive rralning. This problem dates back to the days of the mining era, when rhe bulk of the jobs required little in the way of skills. Since that period, the communities have made little effort to do more than provide jobs at the existing level of trainlrrg. This, undoubtedly, has been a necessary step and one in which the Greater Hazlleton area has been qu te successful. At the present,when unemployment rates have declined, it significantly is time to maintain the momentum and attempt to provide jobs for new residents. To justify the costs of relocation? it is expected that these jobs of necessity be more highly skilled.

There is no specific way in which Hazle Township can impose this suggestion on the Greater Hazlleton area, However, the Township can impose suitable restrictions through zoning on land within Its borders which will restrict certain types of industrial activities. These controls should be imposed on the presently undeveloped sections which are deslgnated for industrial activity.

LACK OF EFFECT1 VE REG I ONAL PLANNR PIG

With the exception of the recently created merged school district there is no general effort at solving municipal problems which extend beyond local boundary lines, A regional approach has been used only where necessary for a specific problem, such as sewage or water, by the creation of an Authority which operates outside any effective local control. It is as if the municipality has given away this area of service. In a preceding discussion of the Township's political role, it was pointed out that this role would be increasingly important as Hazle Township developed. Most needed Is further free discussion between the municipalities about these matters so that solutions can be proposed in advance. Under the present situation, problems tend to be avoided rather than met. In many metropolitan areas there is a regional council of elected officials which attempts to review day-to-day problems, There are also regional planning commissions whose purpose is to review and consider future problems of a somewhat larger nature. In this way a first step could be achieved in the Hazleton area in what is becoming a serious problem.

THE PROBLEM OF A FUTURE lDENTlSY

Hazle Township must concern itself with the fwture identification its residents will have with the municipality. T3e boundaries of the Township have little justification. There has been little identific.ation wi.th the Township as such. Any municipality as large as Hazle Township bas difficulty in creating community feeling. Instead, a closer relationship occurswitha particular village, church or other community facility. Today the automobile and television have done much to change living habits, Commutation is relatively easy, and since coal mining is no longer as imp0rtan.t to the local economy, there is little reason to continue to reside in the villages, In recent years? many persons who are moving into the new subdivisions do not have such ties. They tend to look more di rect ly to the Township.

1-8 If Hazle Township is to become a viable community, then sqrne effort must be made to provide an identification. This cannot be provided through extensive services because of the lack of a sufficient tax base and the general size of the Township. Two steps must be taken. First, there must be a closer identity between the individual areas and the Township. This can be accomplished partially by establishing a Citizen's Advisory Committee with representation from each of the sixteen planning areas. This group would process suggestions and comments from their local area and present them to the Supervisors. In this way it would be possible to establish a screening board to investigate proposals besides furnishing local residents a more accessible link to their governing officials. The second step is the addition of services for local residents. Some of these can be on the village level, such as organized sports for children, Others can be structured on a larger area. For example, a community pool for Township residents would provide this sort of identity. Most meaningful would be a direct assistance program for the villages to assist in self-help renewal. This could take the form of professional assistance in planning improvements, elimination of eyesores, and assistance in the purchase of supplies for improvements. Programs, of course, need to be low-cost and involve volunteers. The most difficult job facing the Township is in managing such a program.

These suggestions are only a few of the ways identification can be established and strengthened. The identity must be one of belonging. Any program which attempts to promote this should be encouraged because it will provide an inducement for increased market values of making it more advantageous to live in Hazle Township. Chapter Two

THE LAND USE PLAN

Overall Description

In developing a land use plan for a municipality it is possible to either build up by first structuring highway and community facilities plans, or it is possible to structure those elements from the overall plan. When the latter approach is used, the plan itself represents a schematic map illustrating the location of major land use activities. It must be remembered that the plan concerns the visualization of the general pattern of future land use in the entire Township. From this basis, it will be possible to develop plans for smaller areas.

The preceding chapter reviewed the limitations on future development as. well as potential alternatives for development. Based on that review, it does not appear that there are many areas which can be extensively developed. Generally uses which do locate in the Township are expected to occupy relatively large lot sizes, whether it is residential dwelling or a manufacturing plant. It is also important to note that a wide variety of uses be projected for the Township. These will be suggested for particular areas which are well suited for them.

The only large area of intensive development will be the land immediately surrounding Hazleton. Thus Hazleton will remain the urban core upon which development is to be based. From a practical standpoint, it must be noted that some of the areas adjacent to the City are more likely to be developed earlier than others. This is particularly true in the area north of Hazle- ton. Linear development will extend from this core along the major highways and important local roads. This pattern will be particularly noticeable along U.S. Route 309. In addition to these areas of intensive development, there will be a number of smaller nodules such as in the Lattimer area.

The Township is divided into an east and a west half. This is done primarily because of the large size of the Township and the two major roads proposed to encourage development. In addition to this, the sixteen planning areas have been delineated. In the concluding part of this chapter, the proposed plan is discussed; it relates to each of these areas.

Components of the Land Use Plan

Residential proposals are based upon four distinct types of development. These include the low-density dwelling or small estate which is shown for a number of open areas not planned for extensive growth. A second category includes the planned community, such as is proposed for Diamond East. Here a variety of housing types would be permitted subject to an overall density

2- 1 control as well as additional restrictions. Areas for such uses primarily concern large tracts which have variable building conditions. The.third type of residential use is the suburban housing pattern which is similar to that being built in the,Maple Manor section of the Township. Finally, there is a mixed type of residential use similar to that found in the City itself. This is to be seen in most of the coal villages.

Commercial proposals are based on four distinct types of development. The most noticeable is the integrated shopping center in which a number of facilities are shared. Retail uses along a major highway are the second category. These are freestanding activities which are dependent upon automobile access. Next, there is the neighborhood or local commercial area designed to service a relatively small area. Finally, there is also the commercial recreation activity which requires a large land area.

Industrial proposals are based on four distinct types of development. These include the industrial park, which has few objectionable characteristics, so that it can be developed near other forms of land use. Second, there is the heavy single use which must be relatively isolated from adjacent uses because of the nature of its activities. The third category consists of industrial-related activities such as trucking and other uses which are dependent upon transportation or are actually a part of it. Mining and its related activities constitute the remaining category.

The preceding activities consist of those wholly within the private sector of the economy. There are a number of uses which are either publicly owned or operated for public use without a profit motive. Such uses would include park land as well as land retained for hunting purposes.

These proposed land uses are delineated on Map 1, which follows this chapter.

Description of the Components

The preceding sections have described the basic categories which are a part of the proposed land use plan. It is helpful to provide additiona information about their location and other descriptive material.

RES I DENTI AL USES

Hazle Township is expected to be a residential community primarily. A preceding paragraph reviewed the four basic categories within this general classification. It is the purpose of this section to locate and further describe them.

The highest residential density proposed consists of development existing at present in the coal villages. Many of the twin homes now have a lot

2-2 size of about 3,000 square feet per home. It is proposed that the average density in these areas would range from 3,000 square feet to 6,000 square feet per dwelling unit. This density is proposed only where there is a coal village with an existing network of streets or where potential blighting conditions exist, Such neighborhoods as Hollywood would not be included, This high density is proposed for Harwood, Green Ridge, Cranberry, Lattimer, Pardeesville, Beaver Brook, and portions of Milnes- ville. It is expected that by encouraging high-density development, new development and conversions may lead to improving these areas. It is possible that several old dwellings may be demolished to make way for multi-family development or some other type of high-density development. Each of the areas shown on the map for these uses is designed only for the sections within these villages which are actually developed or are affected by mining operations. An exception to this is the proposed area along Stockton Road which will form an integral part of the industrial park - shopping center complex described in a subsequent section. It is expected that an apartment development call be constructed here in the future on much of the land presently occupied by coal wastes. An- other apartment development is proposed in the Crystal Ridge - Cranberry area.

The second classification concerns suburban development. Areas shown for this use include a number of villages in which conditions are such that it is suitable to encourage suburban development and for much of the ar,ea north of the City of Hazleton. In this area, the suggested density would vary between 6,000 and 12,000 square feet per dwelling unit. This density is suitable for the construction of a single-family detached home if all utilities are furnished. It also corresponds to the average size lot for existing twin homes. The concept is to encourage the gradual conversion of these homes into s*ngle-family homes. This pattern is shown for all of the communities along the Freeland Road. It is also shown for Stockton, New Coxeville, Stockton Number 7, North Hazle ton, Laurel Gardens, Maple Manor, Hazle Village, Crystal Ridge, Humboldt, Hollywood, Hollars Hill, Oakmont Estates and portions of Milnesville. This use has been prescribed for areas.which are deemed capable of sus- taining or even improving existing conditions and where large concentrations of population should be avoided.

Neither of the preceding residential classifications occupies large areas on the proposed land use map. The third category occupies a much larger area. This use calls for a unit density ranging between 12,000 square feet to 20,000 square feet, depending on the availability of public water and sewers. I t is proposed for a number of new areas in which there has been no significant development. Included within these areas are the land north of Diamond Road, an area surrounding New Coxeville, a tract including and surrounding Harleigh Heights, a section west of Youngstown and north of Drifton, land between U.,S. Route 309 and Pardeesville, an area including Hazle Village to the west of U.S. Route 309, a large section

2-3 north of relocated Pennsylvania Route 924, an area beyond Humboldt to the north of Pennsylvania Route 924, and much of the land along Black Creek south of the Hazleton Airport including Woodlawn Park. This provides several large areas for potential residential development in planned communities with a variety of housing types.

The fourth category includes large lot homes and semi-estates. It is expected that the density would be an acre or more, as public utilities would not be provided. This is proposed for most of the South Stockton Mountain, a large area east of the Stockton Number 7, the steep slope to the south of Black Creek, much of the wilderness area above Oakdale to the Butler Township Line, and several large tracts to the north and south of Sheppton Road. These areas can be developed slowly and provide alternative home sites in wooded, secluded areas, while still offering convenient access to major employment and shopping centers. Although tract development is possible utilizing natural or artificiallJ developed features such as a lake as a focal point, it is also possible for individuals to construct their own home in these areas as well.

C OMMERC I AL US ES

There are several areas within the Township which are expected to be important commercial areas. Four different categories of such use were identified earlier.

The most significant commercial activity is the shopping center because is it concentrated. Three such areas are now proposed in Hazle Township. Perhaps the most significant area at the present time is the section along U.S. Route 309 near Calbeth Place. This is expected to be a small regional center. A larger area is proposed east of Hazleton. It is expected that this would become in the future a large regional center representing a relocation of Hazleton core to the east. Future development of this area is, of course, contingent on the termination of mining operations in this area and the construction of an eastern By-Pass with a direct access to Hazleton. It is expected that a large part of this area will be used for multi-family dwellings with an average density of 3,000 square feet per dwel 1 ing unit. Further planning wi 11 be necessary before this tract can be developed. A third area is proposed north of Harwood at the interchange with Interstate 81 for potential future developmen t .

Another important commercial use in the Township is the free-standing commercial uses along some of the major highways. Such development has already occurred on much of North Church Street. The Proposed Land Use Plan shows this type of development along portions of U.S. Route 309, both to the north and south of Hazleton. It is the intention of the Plan to maintain such uses along this road primarily and to confine them

2-4 to certain specified areas. The purpose is to avoid the stripping of the roadway with such uses in a way which will reduce its effectiveness to carry traffic. Such uses are also permitted along much of Pennsyl- vania Route 93 north of West Hazleton and at a location along Sheppton Road between Harwood and Cranberry.

A third category concerns the relatively small neighborhood grouping which is in reality a small shopping center. There are several locations shown in the Land Use Plan for small groupings of commercial activities. One of these is adjacent to Interstate 81 in the Harwood area. Others are in existing mining areas in the Beaver Brook and Jeansville areas, where no shopping center will be readily available. A northern location is proposed along U.S. Route 309 which will be convenient to both Hollywood and Pardeesville. Another location is proposed in Oakdale near the intersection of Stockton Mountain and Freeland Roads. A large neighborhood facility or small shopping center is proposed in the old Hazle Park area. A number of small commercial areas consisting of several small stores are also proposed in some of the larger coal villages. These areas are expected to vary in size, but none would have any use larger than a supermarket with several supporting stores .

The final category concerns recreational commercial uses. This is difficult to define because of the uncertainty of the location of such use. One large area is suggested in the Land Use Plan. I t is i n the western section. The area along the Catawissa Creek extending almost to U.S . Route 309 is proposed to remain in private ownership. I ts use is expected for a wide variety of recreational facilities, including camping fee fishing, and hunting. This area presently consists of coal wastes to a large degree. It is expected that it will remain "bad-lands", with only limited improvements which provide improved ponds and ground cover.

I NDUSTR I AL USES

The Township has in the past always been a major industrial employer. Coal mining has been the major source of employment. Today manufacturing has assumed a greater importance in the Township. The Land Use Plan recognizes the continuation of Hazle Township as a major employer. A variety of industrial activities is expected to be responsible.

Perhaps the most significant category is that, of the industrial park. In Hazle Township, it is expected that the Valmont Industrial Park will increase in size and extend southward. It is expected to occupy an area nearly as large as its present tract in West Hazleton. An .improved road system will provide an effective system of access. A second major industrial park is proposed for the area north of the Hazleton

2-5 Airport. The key feature of this site would be the airport access. This fact would provide in itself a prestige location which may be sufficient to overcome the natural limitations which have resulted from extensive coal stripping operations in the past. Access would be available from the improved Airport Road. Another site for an industrial park is projected for the area immediately east of Hazleton along Hazle Creek. This will be west of the shopping center and will extend into Hazleton. These coordinated industrial sites will provide an excellent area for small to medium-sized manufacturing plants.

A second major category within the industrial classification is for large sites needed for general or heavy industrial uses. Probably the most noteworthy site is that presently occupied by the Beryllium Corporation in the southeastern section of the Township. A significant expansion area for this site is proposed to the north. To the east an extension is proposed along the Hazle Creek up to the Stockton Mountain Road. This site will interconnect the other two. Another general industrial tract is proposed for the area between Pardeesville and Lattimer which now consists of coal waste. It is hoped that new industry, properly designed, can utilize some of this waste land for dramatic effect in a form of landscaping. One of the most interesting industrial proposals calls for a number of sites near Stony Creek which will extend south along Inter- state 81. Another site is proposed for the Mt. Pleasant area directly south of Sheppton Road. Expansion of this site to the west is also proposed. It is not expected that these industrial sites will be developed in the near future. They represent, in some cases, long-range objec? tives. As more attractive sites are developed, some of the less desirable ones will increase in value. It is important that such sites should not be despoiled with a different use which is likely to discourage potential deve 1 opmen t .

A third category of industrial use is concerned with transportation activities. At present there are no large trucking terminals in the Hazleton area. The Land Use Plan calls for such a facility along Pennsylvania Route 924 to the west of the Harwood interchange with Interstate 81. By maintaining a large area for such a use, it is expected that a number of trucking firms can be accommodated in one area and thereby eliminate a profusion of such uses scattered throughout other sections of the Town- ship. A second major transportation proposal concerns the land surrounding most of the Hazleton Airport. Here it is expected that air freight facilities can be centered. The accessibility of a branch line of the Lehigh Valley along with several major road improvements makes this location unique in that air, rail, and truck facilities can be located side by side. Other uses in this area are expected to be warehouse and distribution facilities.

The remaining category within the industrial classification is mining. Perhaps the most significant factor in the Plan is that this issue has

2-6 now become a secondary one ir; the overall long-range planning program for Hazle Township. A large area extending from Black Creek to the railroad tracks provides for a continuation of mining activity. It is expected thac this will be primarily surface mining or stripping. A smaller, secondary area is shown south of Hazleton between Beaver Brook and Jeansville. Although mining is expected to remain a factor in the local economy, its significance will continue to decline, At this time, it is too early to discuss potential reuse for this area, but it is a valid question which should be reviewed in a continuing planning program.

OTHER USES

Despite the importance of residential, coinmercial, and industrial land uses: there are several other uses which need to be mentioned. These include public uses 2nd agriculture.

Agriculture and related tiinher operations represent a very sinal 1 proportion of the land use in Yazle ‘Township. For the Land Use Plan, the northwest corner of the Township has been designated for this purpose. This area extends along the Tomhicken Road which crosses this section of the Township. Residential uses are also permitted in this area, but at a very low density so that there will not be competing uses.

The second category within this classification is open space and recreation lands being maintained in public ownership. A large wilderness tract should be retained in rhe Township. It is proposed that such an area excend from the Yumboldt Reservoir and the headwaters of the Stony Creek over much of the northwest corner. This use is also assigned to the steep slopes and the headwaters of Sugarloaf Creek. Although private ownership of land could continue, some arrangements should be made to provide public access through a contractual arrangement. This area would provide a similar purpose to the Community Park, but it would not be developed except to improve access through it- Phis can be done by means of improvements to the existing trails. Other major public facilities proposed are a park along Black Creek in the North Hazleton area and the redevelopment of Drifton Village as an historical monument. The latter proposal which is explained in more detail in a later chapter calls for the restoration of an original coal mining village. In the eastern section of the Township a park is suggested along Dreck Creek. A number of other small parks are proposed along the streams to serve as a buffer and to preserve open space. Also within this category are the existing commbnity facilities including Lhe cemeceries, schools, churches, playgrounds and the Community Park,

2-7 Variations from Existing Proposals

This Land Use Plan represents a substantial change from that prepared by the Luzerne County Planning Commission. The major reason for this variation is simply that the County Plan only maintained the "status quo" for most of i-lazle Township. This plan has vastly reduced the amount of land to be used for mining operations and shows proposals for most of the other strippings which were simply referred to as in the County Plan as "reserve". Although the County Plan was prepared relatively recently, much development has occurred in Hazle Township since that date, Even beyond the actual construction, various development schemes are being regularly aired. For these reasons, it has been felt that more detail is necessary even though a number of the proposals advanced here are unlikely to be constructed in the near future. This Land Use Plan should be a guide on which the 'Township is able to base many future dec i s i ons .

Although the Land Use Plan has been drawn in a general pattern to avoid rigidity, it should be obvious that future conditions are likely to create demands which have not been foreseen in these proposals. For this reason, the Land Use Plan should be continually updated. A thorough review, with additional outside help,_should be done periodically. In this process, basic data can be updated and the Plan reviewed to deter- I mine how satisfactory it is in meeting demands placed upon Hazle Town- ship. Despite this major review, the Planning Commission shwld file a written report on possible changes to it annually. In some instances, these changes may come about as a result of a developer's request or by further study by outside agencies. The development controls should not be changed without a review concerning probabie change in the Land Use Plan- These controls were or should have been based on the Plan. Fail- ure to maintain this close relationship will defeat the purpose of planning.

in reviewing the.Land Use Plan, it is desirable that a public hearing be held for any major change. It is necessary that the Planning Commission maintain an effective relationship with the public at all times. A possibility is the use of an occasional newsletter to voters or the release of a story to the local press concerning the activities of the Board.

General Problems

In Chapter Five of Part One, "Development Patterns ,Ii spec fic planning problems relating to Hazle Township were identified. The preced i ng chapter suggested answers to the first four of those ques ions. This chapter offers solutions to the next six problems.

2-8 THE AGING POPULATION IN CERTAIN AREAS

Undoubtedly the population in the small coal villages is aging without sufficient housing turnover. A potential problem concerning these older homes is indicated in the preceding sections of this chapter. A number of the coal villages were mentioned by name in the residential section. Some older villages, where there is already some blight as well as other problems, are indicated as a high-density area. Here it is proposed that renewal take place privately as land is acquired for the high-density multi-family development. Some of this housing could be in the form of low-rent housing geared primarily for older residents. In a later chapter, a number of specific programs for redevelopment are discussed. Phose coal villages where blight is not a problem or where the street layout is not satisfactory for an actual village could propose that a conversion of two-fami ly dwell ings to one-fami ly dwellings be encouraged. In this way, homes can be provided for persons with large families at a moderate cost. Incentives for conversions are discussed in Part Ill "Development Procedures". Needless to say, this is a very complicated question which will require a uniform township policy to combat i t

THE OUT-M I GRATl ON OF YOUNGER PERSONS

This problem is primarily one of creating sufficient and challenging employment opportunities for young persons. Equally important is the community image. It must be one of progress and courage for younger persons to become involved. Certainly the Plan itself has provided more than sufficient areas for industrial development. The way in which the objectives of the Plan are attempted to be reached may be more important than the actual recommendations to the young person. This means an effective implementation program should be started immediately. The program must involve the younger citizen in as many ways as possible Some of these ways are discussed in Part 111, "Development Procedures," but most will depend on the ingenuity of those who are charged with implementing this Plan.

AN UNFAVORABLE BALANCE OF LOW-I NCOME FAMl L1 ES

Many of these problems are inter-related. This is certainly such an example. The first step in reaching for an answer must be a revitalization program for the old coal villages. Also extremely important is that there may be areas for suburban housing with the modern conveniences demand- ed by home owners of today. Some of these proposals affecting community facilities are discussed later. 'The Plan itself calls for a variety of housing, including both suburban housing and the new cluster concepts of houjing using a variety of building types. Such concepts will help to attract a wider range of residents in the Township.

2-9 LACK OF ADEQUATE I NDUS'I'R 1 Ai OR COMMERC II A.1- DEVELOPMENT

'The majority of commercial and industria! uses are located in the urban areas. in recent years, a number of new uses have located in the Town- ship. A majcr concern in the Land Use Plan was not only t.o provide sufficient space for pendiQg indtistrial and commercial development but also to provide space for potential future development. For commercial development, space has been set: aside for two shopping centers as well as highway, commercial, neighborhood, and recreational commercial uses. Land set aside for industry occupies an even larger area, with three industrial park sites proposed, large areas reserved for general industrial use as well as space for transportation and mining. Not only must the Township provide potential ly attractive locations for such Yses, but it also must encourage them. An effective circulation plan is essential. This is discussed in the following chap.ter. Also important is an active, progressive munic.ipality and region. S.c:eps which can be taken along these

I ines are discussed in Part I I I ~ "Developmen't Procedures".

THE PLACE OF THE COAL VILLAGE IN FUT'URE DEVELOPMENT

Preceding sections of this chapter have reviewed recommendations for the coal villages. In general the concept of the Plan is to revitalize them in one of two ways. Renewal and redevelopment are recognized as the only alternatives in some instances. Higher densities are offered as an inducement for renewal. Other steps may involve urban renewal in one of several forms, public housing or private renewal programs. These are discussed in Part Three, "Development Procedures". The other proposal is to encourage a conversion to lower densities by changing a two-family c)r rwin house to a single-family detached dwelling. In many instances this process will be made easier than in mose communities because of t:he common practice in the Hazleton area of having the property in one ownership with one-half of the twin being rented. This program, is also discussed in the remaining volume, In t:his way the larger villages are projected as secondary core areas with limited commercial facilities. Other villages would be gradually converted into suburban housing by means of 1 ower i ng dens i ,ties Both steps represent means of preserving the vi 1 1 age as an integral part in future planning for Hazle Township.

LACK OF SUFFI C I ENT WAR I E'TY 1 N RES I DENTI AL DEVELOPMENT

The major reason for the lack of adequate variety in residential development is the relative lack of such development except in recent years. Lately most new dwelling unirs have been bui 1 t along conventional lines using the existing grid patrern of streets extended. Nearly all new construction has been single-family detached housing. The Land Use Plan recognizes the desire of many residents for such housing and has included several areas for such development, A major variation, however, is incorporated in the residential development district concept which would permit a variety of housing so long as an overall density is maintained. The Plan also proposed a number of low-density residential areas where utilities will not be required. These should assure sufficient variety, The Plan and the Planninq Areas

The consultant has divided the Township into sixteen planning areas, Ex- isting land utilization in these areas has been discussed in Chapter Three of Part I, "Development Patterns". Since the Land Use Plan has been described on the basis of its componenrs in the previous sections of this chapter, only a few sentences are needed about the effect of the Plan on the individual planning areas.

PARDEESVILLE This coal village has been identified as one of the secondary core areas where redevelopmevt and renewal are slated. The existing village would be expanded to the east with improved roads. Spot clearance and rehabilitation would eliminate a number of blighting influences. A small neighborhood commerc al facility would be established. The area to the south towards Lattimer would eventually become an industrial site. Low-density housing would prevail over most of the remaining sections in this planning area except for d residential development district east of the village,

HOLLYWOOD - AIRPORT The village of Hollywood would be one of those where conversion to single-family dwellings would be encouraged. Much of the area around it would be used for suburban housing. Some clearance would be involved to clear the deteriorated row houses, and this general area would become a major industrial park just north of the Hazleton Airport, To the east of it, a major transportation area would develop, integrating rail, highway, and air facilities. Further to the west, low-density housing would prevail.

MI LNESVl LLE - CALBETH The western porLion of the vi1 lage of Mi lnesvi 1 le will be redeveloped as a high-density residential area, while the eastern area will be a suburban residential area. A neighborhood commercial section will be encouraged. Further to the west will be the industrial park north of the airport. A large shopping center is proposed for the lower portion of Calbeth. To the east, at Woodlawn Park, a development residential area is proposed. Most of the remaining sections

of Calbeth wi 11 be commercial ~

LATTIMER This coal village is expecred to be developed as a secondary core through the renewal of secrions of it. The local street pattern would be improved and high-density development permitted. To complete the area to the west, suburban housing would be permitted. A small neighborhood commercial area would be encouraged. Low-density housing would occupy most of the remaining area.

DRlF ON - YOUNGSTOWN Low-density housing and a development district would dominate the western section of this area. Suburban hous ng would also be located in Youngstown and Drifton. The restoration of a portion of Drifton as an historic park and a small neighborhood com- mert a1 area would be located along the existing Freeland Road.

2-1 1 HUMBOLDT - MT. PLEASANT This large area which occupies most of the western port!on of the Township would have a variety of uses, The far northwestern tip would be used for farming and very low-density residential uses, Adjacent to it, to the east, would be a wilderness park maintained for camping and hunting. Along the Sheppton Road, a residential development district is proposed, as

are several general industrial tracts ~ humboldt itself would become a suburban residential area, South of Sheppton Road, several additional general industrial tracts are proposed along with a large commercial recreational area. Low-density housing occupies most of the remaining area.

GREEN RIDGE - VALMOIUT Green Ridge is to gradually become a suburban community wiih some renewal and rehabilitation projects for this area. The lapd south of the Valmont Industrial Park will be reserved for an expansion of that park along with suitable open spaces. It is expected that a number of new homes would be built to complete the existing portion of Oakmont Estates. A large neighborhood shopping area would be encouraged in the old Hazle Park.

NORTH HAZLETON This planning area would be primarily suburban housing extending north towards a park along Black Creek. Sev- eral neighborhood shopping areas along 22nd Street are proposed. A major shopping center is proposed which v~iI1 extend into Calbeth. Expan- sion of Laurel Gardensas a suburban residential area is indicated.

HARLEIGH - EBERVALE Mining will continue to remain a part of this planning area, as it will occupy most of the land between Freeland Road and Black Creek. The villages themselves are suggested to become suburban residenrial areas with some renewal and rehabilitation. Low-density housing is proposed on the hillsides. A residential development district is proposed around harleigh Heights. Several small neighborhood commercial areas are shown.

OAKDALE - MIDDLETOWN - JAPAN These vi I lages are expected to become suburban communities. A few neighborhood commercial uses are indicated. The mining area continues into this planning area.

HARWOOD - HOLLARS HlLL This planning area will have a variety of pro-

posed uses ~ Harwood i tself is to become a secondary core area through renewal and rehabilitation efforts. A neighborhood commercial area is proposed in the village itself. On the

2-12 north side of Sheppton Road, a shopping center is indicated. To the west of Interstate 81, a trucking terminal is proposed. A commercial recreation area covers much of the southern part of this planning area. To the west of Hazle Village, a residential development district is proposed.

CRYSTAL RIDGE - CRANBERRY Certainly this is one of the most difficult areas to plan effectively. A neighborhood commercial area is proposed between the two smal 1 villages. Most of the area is shown as residential with a high density. It is proposed that after several years, during which the coal strlppings are permitted to settle, this area become a new high-density apartment development which will result in the eventual clearing of both neighborhoods. A small park is also proposed along Cranberry Creek. Further south, in the Mount Laurel area, several general industrial sites are indicated.

STOCKTON - E&T HAZLETON This planning area is expected to assume a greater importance as an eastern By-Pass of Hazleton is developed. An industrial park, shopping center, and apartment development are proposed. A residential development district is shown along Diamond Road. To the east of the Stockton Mountain Road, a number of general industrial sites are shown. Low-density housing takes up most of the remaining land.

HAZLE VILLAGE - BEAVER BROOK Highway commercial uses are suggested for a number of locations along U.S. Route 309. A residential development district, is proposed west of Hazle Village. Beaver Brook is to be developed eventual!y as a secondary core area with high-density housing. Mining is expected to continue.

JEANSVlLLE Mining activities wi 11 continue to dominate this small town. A neighborhood commercia! area is proposed south of Hazleton City Line. A reduction in density is proposed for the older homes in the village pending the eventual termination of mining activities.

NEW COXEVILLE Both suburban housing and a residential development district are proposed for this area. Further to the east, low-density housing will prevail.

2-13 HAZLE TOWN SH I P LUZERNE COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA

PROPOSED LAND USE 1 L RESIDE NTl AL 1-1 1-1 LOW DENSITY c]..... DEVELOPMENT DISTRICT [-I SUBURBAN

HIGH DENSITY

OTHER imd PARK AND RECREATIONAL AGRICULTURAL

em@ PROPOSED NEW CONSTRUCTION

1000 , 0 1000 3000 5000 7000

SCALE IN FEET

THE PREPARATION OF THIS MAP WAS FlNANtED IN PAR1 T?%UGH AN UR0PiN PLANNING GRANT FROM TnE HOUYNG PJ~DMM FINANCE AGENCY, UNDER THE PROVISKNS OF SECTION 701 OF THE HOUS!NG ACT Of 19%. A5 AMENDED. ADMINISTERED BY TnE 0UREAU OF COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT,

PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF COMMUPllTY AFFAIRS '

KENDREE AND SHE PH E R D PLANNING CONSULTANTS PROPOSED I

I LAND USE \ j 1 --I L I RE SI DE NTI AL I 1-1 LOW DENSITY I DEVELOPMENT DISTRICT i ...... I SUBURBAN I ...... aHIGH DENSITY COMMERCIAL NEIGHBORHOOD ETSHOPPING CE.NTER HIGHWAY mJ RECREATION

INDUSTRIAL

I INDUSTRIAL PARK

TRANSPORTATIQN

G.ENE R A L j--j:.,:;;* ..,:::5. ,,...... 2:._ ,.:..: MINING

OTHER PARK AND RECREATIONAL 121AGRICULTURAL

I mma PROPOSED NEW CONSTRUCTION

1000 0 IO00 3000 5000 7000

SCALE IN FEE r

TnE PREWRATION OF THIS MAP ‘WAS FINAXED IN OAR1 T!!ROUGH AN URBAN PLANNING GRANT FRCM THE HOUSING AND HCMF. FINANCE AGENCY, UNDER THE PROVISIONS OF YCTION 701 Of RIE MOUSING Aci Of 199, AS AMENDED. ADMINISTERED 61 THE 8UREAU OF COMMUNITY OEVELOPMEitT, PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT Of COMMUPl!lY AFFAIRS

KENDREE AND SHEPHERD PLANNING CON SIJLTA NTS Chapter Three

THE C IRCULAT ION PLAN Chapter Three

'THE C!RCULA'PION PLAN

The Overal 1 Description

The preceding chapter described the land Use Plan for Hazle Township. This indicated the appropriate locations for a variety of kinds of land uses. Most people make the rnistake of considering this only as the Plan. There are three basic elements to rhe Plan, The other two are circulation and cornmunity facilities. rhis chapter is devoted to the overal 1 tramportat ion plan for Harle TownThip.

In developing a Circulation Plan for 3 largle community such as the Town- ship, there are a number of different 1zvee15 upon which it must be constructed. The first is a cmsideration of the major highway proposals. These are concerned with the movement of thruugh-traffic. A second level is that concerned with conditions on local roads. Another consideration is an effective publ ic transportation system. Finally, a number of standards are suggested which should be required of all new roads and can serve as a goal for existing roadways. Each of these general categories is a separate subsection in this report.

Also in this chapter is a discussion of several of the questions posed in the last chapter of Part i, "Development This chapter con- cludes with a brief discussion of the impact of these plans on each of the planning areas.

In general, the basic concept of the Circulation Pian is to provide an interconnecting system of roads which will 1 ink the important population and traffic-generating areas of the 'Township. To achieve this, a number of new roadways are suggested which will virtually encircle Hazleton City. Chief among the new proposals is an eastern by-pass of the City. An effective highway network Is a mecessity before any significant growth can occur. Also lmportanr to the Township is an effective publ ic transportation system and necesrsar'y standards for new road construction. All of this points out the interrelationship between the Circulation Plan and other aspects of the Cornprehensive Plan.

Maior Hiqhway Proposals

The major consideration in the Township's highway plan is to provide a series of major roads to allow an interconnection of traffic generators in the Township without crossing through Hazleton, Because Hasle Town- ship is so large and has little existing development, the immediate accomplishment of this goal is unrealistic Jt does provide a long-range program by which it will be possible to establish a systematic highway system. At the present time the completion of the relocation of Pa. Route 924 from the Harwood interchange and the pending completion of Interstate 81 through the Township represent two major immediate improvements which will have a tremendous long-range impact.

In addition to these significant steps the most important proposal concerns the eventual construction of the By-Pass east of Hazleton. The Plan proposes that this route follow the present Stockton Mountain Road approximately fram Pa. Route 93 to Pa. Route 940 and then extending in a northerly direction. Just as Interstate 81 is a vital ingredient in the development of the western section of Hazle Township, this road is necessary to the eastern portion. It is proposed that an effective two-lane road be constructed with sufficient right-of-way for potential expansion. The road proposed would not be limited-access but would have comparatively few intersections. It is suggested that the right-of-way now used for coal hauling between Hazle Creek and Harleigh be used for a section of the right-of-way when it is abandoned for that purpose.

The next significant improvement is the re ocation of Pa. Route 924 further to the north. Presently this road extends through a number of coal villages and has several sharp turns. It is proposed that the road be built between Jeddo and Freeland, cross ng Drifton and Milnesville and finally terminating at Pa. Route 93 to the south of the By-Pass. It is understood that. a section of this road between Mi lnesvi 1 le and Pa. Route 93 will be built in the near future. This is the most important link in the highway because of the Valmont Industrial Park and the Hazleton Air- port. Eventually the road would be extended to the east, opening a section of the Township not presently developed. A major intersection'with the East Hazleton By-Pass is proposed. The road will also provide a direct access to the restored coal village at Drifton.

Other improvements call for increased accessibility to the Valmont industrial Park. This will be accomplished by extending the Woodlawn Park Road to existing Pa. Route 940 and then constructing this road west to the north of Black Creek paralleling the railroad to provide an intersection with Dessen Drive in the Valmont Industrial Park. Another road proposal would extend Jaycee Drive to the south, providing additional industrial sites in the Township. This road would intersect with a western extension of Washington Street, referred to as the Valmont Parkway, which would eventually follow along Cranberry Creek and provide access to the Harwood Interchange. When these roads are completed, industries located at Valmont should have excellent highway access.

To complete the Valmont Parkway to the south, a unit is proposed to extend it and eventually connect with U.S. Route 309 by proceeding to the east of Interstate 81 and then going east to intersect U.S. Route 309 at Hazle Village. Industries in this area will now have immediate access to the Harwood Interchange. This road would eventually connect to Beaver Brook,

3-2 where the South Hazleton By-Pass wiil pro\/:de access to Jsensville. In this way the new roads will act like a catalyst in the renewal of these areas

Other road improvements in the eastern section call for a road between Jeansville and New Coxeville to connect the community with interstate 81, This will complete the South Hazleton By-Pass. Another proposal calls for a road along Hazle Creek and the termfnat:on of the use of Diamond Road, Hazlebrook Road, or Stockton Road for through-traffic.

Iri Chapter 4 of Bart $,Development Patterns, the Township's major roads were divided into expressways. major art?rials, minor arterials, major collectors and secondary collectors according to their present use. It is now important that they be reclassified according to the purpose they will fulfill under the Plan.

Expressway = interstare 81 Majoc Arterial - proposed East Hazleton By-Pass Minor Arterials - U.S. Route 309 relocated Pa Routc, 340 Major Codlictor-s - Pa, Route 93 relocated Pa. Route 924 proposed South Hazleton By-Pass Secondary Collect6ns-relocated Stockton Road proposed Valmont Parkway Jeansvllle Road proposed Woodlawn Park Road

The result of the Circulation Plan is to reshuttle a number of oads i importance and to greatly increase highway accessibility through the Township.

Local Hiqhway Proposals

In the analysis of exjsting conditions of local roads which appreared in Part B of the Comprehensive' Plan, a nurnber.af developing collector and local feeder roads were identified. There were also a number of local road problems identified. In the major highway proposals of the Circulation Plan an effort has been made to avoid any increase in demand upon these roads and in virtually all cases new highways were proposed to alleviate requiring generally unsatisfactory IOCJI roads from increased traffic pressme. This does not mean that these roads can be ignored in the Circulation Plan. They too prov de an importanr local servicc.and must be considered.

Dertain local roads should be considered as performing a collecting purpose in the overal Circulation Plan. This IS primarily a local collection purpose el though increased demand may at times indicate that the road is becoming J develop ng collector and deserves a re-examinatioA of 'its funttion.

3 -3 The following roads are expected to serve as collectors of traffic: Drums Road, Jeddo Road, Mi lnosvi 19e Road, HOB lywood Road, Diamond Road, Stockton Rood, ‘Tomhicken Woad, 22nd Streot. Pardcesville Road and Lattirner Road. Of somewhat vore Omgortance wi!! be Freeland Road and Sheppton Road. Other roads mentioned in Part U will be replaced by nmre important roadways which will transform such roads into serving a purely local purpose,

It is important that chese roads be propsrly maintained, that they be given the right-of-way except at intersectPons with more important roads, that hazardous conditions be zIr3nnated. and that roads be extended to provide a more effective service bdhen necessary. The following improvements to these roads are suggesrecl as a part of the Circulation Plan.

1 Pardeesvi 1 le Woad should be extendcd and eventually connect with the relocation Pa, Rou~e940 southwest of Pardeesvi 1 le. Improvements to the road Fn char vi3Yage are suggested to provide effective intersections

2. Lattimer Road should be repaved east of the villages and an outlet toQelocated Pao Rt-, 940 is pi-oposed at Lattimer.

3. Milnesville Road should be NJidened and improved and interconnect relocated Pa. Route 940 and Freeland Road at Harleigh.

4. Drums Road should be improved to provide an effective link between the East Hazleton By-Pass and Freeland at Youngstown.

5. The Jeddo Road intersection with Freeland Road should be improved by regrading the intersection,

6. Ho%lywaodRoad should be widened and Fts intersection with U.S Route 309 improved, This road will link U.S. Route 309 Nith relocated Pa. Route 940 west of the Hazleton Airport,

7. Diamond Rood should be widened and repaved west of Stockton Mountain RoJ~. Although the relocation of Stockton Road will reduce the irnportance-6f this (road, it will rernain’important because of the proposed land uses adjacent to it.

8. St~cktonRoad should be improved west of Stockton Mountain Road to servepas a link between the southern sections of Hazleton and the proposed land user? along Hazle Creek.

9. 22nd Street should be completely paved throughout and be recognized as a local collector street linking U.S. Route 309 and Pao Route 93.

3 -4 HAZLE TOWNSHIP LUZERNE COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA

PROPOSED 2 i C I RCULAT I ON

L-J L II i I I ! PROPOSED ! -=I I NEW CONSTRUCTION \

i IMPROVE I - EXISTING ROADS ~

i i I

I i

1 1 I

1000 0 1000

SCALE IN FEET

THE PREWRdTMN OF TH6 MAP W4S FINANCED M PAR1 TYROUGH 4N URBAN PLANNING GRANT FRCM THE HOUSING AND HOME FINANCE 4GENCY, UNDER THE PROVISW1YS OF SECTlMV 701 OF THE HOUSING ACT OF 1954, AS AMENOED. ACWNISTERED 01 THE BURE4U OF COMUUNITY DEVELOPMENT, PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF COMMU(lI1Y AFF4IRS

K ENDREE AND SHEPHERD PLANNING CONSULTANTS HAZLE TOWNSHIP LUZERNE COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA I I

2 c'

-5s- PROPOSED

I NEW ?CUNSTRUCT!ON

I IMPROVE -EXlSTiNG ROADS I I I

1 I I

,I I

1 1000 0 1000 so00 7000

SULE IN FEET .

, KENDREE AND SHEPHERD PLANNING CONSULTANTS 10. A road between Humboldt 2nd the Tomhicken Road should be opened for the development of this area. Presently there is a trail along this route which can be improved.

11. A new road should be built along the western boundary of the city connecting Crystal Ridge to Mount Laurel terminating at Cranberry.

Pub1 ic Transportation Plans

There are a number of small companies providing local bus service in the Township. Routes are based on old street car lines and were established many years before the automobile assumed its present importance.

A single transportation authority for the region should be introduced with sufficient power to consolidate lines. Be is suggested that a series of express buses be established such as Conyngham - Hazleton (via Pa. Rt.93), Freeland - Hazleton (via Freeland Road), Mountaintop - Hazleton (via U.S. Rt. 309), McAdoo - Hazleton (via U.S. Rt. 3091, Tresckow - Hazleton (via Jeansville Road), Beaver Meadows - Hazleton (via Pa. Rt. 93), Sheppton - Hazleton (via Sheppton Road). These roads would then carry the through public transportation routes. Since much of the through traffic would be reduced because of the new highways, existing roads could more easily handle bus traffic. To supplement these buses a number of shuttle bus routes would be utilized. In this way connections could be offered to other places of employment and Interest,

Lines serving Hazle Township would be:

Crystal Ridge - Maple Manor - This bus would connect the Sheppton - Hazleton line to North Hazleton lines using 15th Street in Hazleton and Sheppton Road in the Township.

Green Ridge - Lincoln Street (Wazleton) - This line would serve the portion of Green Ridge In Hazle Township.

Valmont - North Hazleton - This line would extend over 22nd St. to connect the Mountaintop - Hazleton line and the Conyngham - Hazleton line,

Valmont - MilnesviIle - ThIs line would provide a similar connection as the previous one but would run over relocated Airport Road and serve the northern part of the Valrnont 1 ndustrial Park.

Beaver Meadows - Harwood - This long shuttle line would connect several lines in the southern area and provide numerous transfer points to employment locations.

Harwood - Valmont - This shuttle would connect the Conyngham - Hazleton line and the Sheppton - Hazleton line using the Valmont

Pa r kway a

3 -5 Beaver Meadows - Lattimer = This shuttle would use the East Hazleton By-Pass and conrtect the Beaver Meadows - Hatleton line to the Freeland - Hazleton line with a connection to the Stockton - North Hazleton kine, The northern terminus , would provide a connection to the Pardeesville - Milnesville shuttle.

Stockton - North Hazleton = This line would use Diamond Ave. and make connections for. lines to Valwont,

Ashmere - Hazleton - This line would use relocated Stockton Road and provide a line from center city to the industrial location at the old Ashmare yards,

Pardeesville - Milnesville = This line would make connections in Milnesville for several other routes. Et would use the eastern access of Pardeesville Road to service Lattimer as

we1 1 e

Hollywtmd - Milnesville - This short shuttle line weuld connect the village of H~llyw~~dto other bus lines of Milnes- vi 1 le.

Successful public transportation operation today requires both imagination and skill. Certainly, new equipment should be added. Some thought should be given to using smaller vehicles and remode!Sed older equipment on the shuttle runs, At the exchange stops, particularlythe more important ones, shelters would be desirable.

The Circulation Plan would retain a93 existing railroad lines which will service many of the new Industrial areas, No new lines are proposed. More important is the need for effective trucking terminals, A large facility is proposed northwest of the Harwood interchange. A second facility is suggested at the Hazleton Airport for integrated rail, motor freight and air freight systems. This would be at the western edge of the Airport, Warehousing and truck storage space is proposed at both locations. Increased air freight can be expected at the Hazlleton Airport and accommodations should be provided for it. This will include a separate building for such purposes as well as increased hangar space, The Hazleton Airport should be expanded to the east with the primary runway extended in that direction. A parallel taxiway, apron expansion and improved lighting is also needed.

H i qhway S tanda rds

As a part of the Circulation Plan it is desirable ts examine possible standards for the c~nstructionof new roads and the improvements to old ones. Generally these are a part of the Subdivision Code so that they can apply to roads constructed by developers, It is however, useful to list them here as they should be standards which are applicable to the municipality as well,

3-6 HAZLE TOWN SH I P LUZERNE COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA

I 1

-EXPRESS ROUTE

1000 0 1000 3000 5000 7000

SCALE IN FEET

THE PREPARATION OF TM6 HAP WAS FlNPlNCED IN PAR1 THRWGH AN URBAN PLANNING GRANT FRCM TME HOUYNG AW HOuE FINANCE AGENCY, UNEER THE PROVISKM OF SEtTlW 701 OF TnE HOUSING ACT OF 1954, AS 4MENDED. AWINBTERED 01 TnE BUREAU OF COMMJNITY OEVELOPMENT, PENNSYLVANlb OEPARTMENT OF COMMWUTY AFFAIRS

K ENDREE AND SHEPHERD PLANNING CONSULTANTS I I ' HAZLE TOWN SH I P I LUZERNE COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA

PROPOSED TRANSPORTATION 3 ROUTES

'u EXPRESS ROUTE

SHUTTLE ROUTE

TERMINUS

0 EXCHANGE STOP

SCALE IN

K ENDREE AND SHE PH E RD PLANNING CO N S ULTA NT s 1 These standards must fit the travel conditions expected an the road and, therefore, must vary accordEng to the type of road, Suggested standards are shown below:

EX PR ES S WAY Hi nimurn Right-of-way 150 feet Max i mum G rade 4% Minimum Sight Distance 600 feet Minimum Curve Radii 700 feet D r i veways None Minimum Distance Between lntersect!ons one-half mi le Max 1 mum Speed 60 MPH Minimum 5ui Idincg Setbacks 100 feet

ARTER 1 AL Minimum Right-of-way 80 feet Maximum Grade . 5% Maximum Sight Distance 500 feet Minimum Curve Radii 500 feet Minimum Distance Between Intersections 400 feet Maximum Speed 50 MPH Minimum Intersection Sight Distance 150 feet Mi nimum Bui Iding Setbacks 50 feet Minimum Traffic C~ntrolDistance 1500 feet Minimum Distance Between Driveways 300 feet

COLLECTOR Minimum Right-of-way 60 feet Maximum Grade Tk Maximum Sighr: Distance 350 feet Maximum Curve Radii 300 feet Minimum Distance Between Driveways 100 feet Minimum Distance Between Intersections 350 feet Max Imum Speed 35 MPH Minimum Unrersection Sight Distance 100 feet Minimum Building Setbacks 35 feet

LOCAL Minimum Right-of-Way 50 feet Maximum Grade 1 o"/, Maximum Sight Distance '100 feet Minimum Curve Radii 150 feet Minimum Number of Driveways Per Lot One Minimtim Distance Between Intersections 100 feet Max i mum Speed 25 MPH Minimum Intersection Sight Disrance 50 feet Minimum Building Setbacks 25 feet ---Genera 1 Prob I erns

A number of improvements are necess;3-y to maice Firlier uti bization of rhe Yazleton Ail-port, Tbe ni~tTigriiffcanr cbanse pcoposed is an integrated air-freight - .a; 1 trircki fa.,! ihrlv on rhe we5t.eri7 edge of the airport wi th access to tLle Lehigr V iey 1-ar iCaGd This wi I i make for far more effective freigbr forwarding 9n the Land Use Plan it cJas proposed to place an industrial park to the msth of the airporr ;rself. The Circulation Pian proposes improvements to Airport Road which would eventual ly be a part of Pa Rt. 940 There are a number of specific improvements to the airport itself whicb were discussed in this These iwILide a larger primary runway, coristrbction of a parallel taxiway and an improved lighting system, Expanded hamgar space for local planes and warehouse facilities for air freight are also proposed

LACK OF AH EFFECTIVE UNTEGRATED LOCAL ROAD SYSTEM

This has been identified as the major circulation problem facing Hazie Town- ship. The Plan proposes rhe construction of a complete circle of roads which will enable the motorist to reach any developed area of the Township without crossing through Hazleton The basis for this network is the proposed Val- inont Parkway, Soclrh Yazleton By-Pass East hazleton By-Pass and che relocation of Pa. Rt, 940 to the north, in this way every major traffic generator which now exists or is proposed under rhe Land Use Plan can be effectively served by this network of roads. Improvement; to locai roads will provide the necessary immediare access,

MAJOR HYGbWAY 1h 'ThE EASTERN SECTION

It is clear that if the eastern portion of Hazle Township is to develop effectively a major route is needed IO service it, The Circulation Plan proposes the East Hazleton By-Pass Tnis will run northward across the eastern portion from east of Beaver Meadows roughly paralieiing the Stockton Mountain Road, It will continue north of the Freeiand Road leaving the Township east of Youngstown This road 1s proposed to be a two land highway with sufficient right-of-way for an addirional tdo lanes, if necessary. Ot would not be a limired access highway but interseccions would be controlled and no driveways permitted, A section would be built along rhe road construction for hauling coal between Hazle Creek and Harieigh,

3 -8 RELOCATlON OF PART 940

Presently this road snakes alon9 tbrougii a niivber of c,oal villages between Hazleton and Freeland, There are a nmber of rea1 safety hazards which do exist because of sharp turns as we?'! t3e c.lose prorimit.y of the road to local homes, Eventually this road wiI! need ,to be relocated. A route is

suggested north of Mi Inesvi 1 ?e to Dri fton. '' is cf 11 be through an area of abandoned strippings between iattirner and Pardeesvi 1 le. By bui lding the road through strippings iK will be possible to reduce some of the Township's waste land as well as to provide a scenic roadway. Many of the stripping areas have a stark beauty about t:hem wh2c.h if properly emphasized can become an economic asset, since th!s view Is. not available to the casual traveler such a road would provide it, It will link the Air- port and the Valmont Industrial Park. to F'reeland and t:he proposed restored coal village at Drlfton, Thus gt is to he expected .tha.t this will be an important local road handling traffic ieaving the Turnpike or Interstate 80 .,

Impact on Planninq Areas

The 16 planning areas have been described in an earlier report. Each chapter in the Comprehensive Plan has made an effort- of smmarizing the impact of aspects of it on each of these areas.

PARDEESVILLE The rnajor improverent in this area is the construction of relocated Pa. St. 940 across the southern portion. Access to the coal village would be provided from cbe eastern section. A shuttle bus service is proposed to the village to Milnesville thus providing connections with routes there and ar eattimer. A number of local service roads in the village should be improved with proper incersections provided.

HOLLYWOOD - AIRPORT The relocation of Airport Road, which will be the new Pa. Rt. 940, will cross thYs area from a point north of hilnesville, Bus zervice from MFInewIlle will be provided to the Vaimont, Industrial Park along this iine, A shuttle li.ne will connect Hollywood to Miinesviile, Also in .th,e Circulation Plan are a number of improvements at the intersection of Hollywood Road and U.S, Rt. 309. At the very southern part of this planning area the Woodlawn Park road will cross, providing another access to the Valmont Industrial Park. A number of improvements to t.he Haz1et:on Ai 7'por-t are described elsewhere,

MlLNESVlLLE = CALBETH Smprovements in .chis area include an extension of Freeland Road to U S, Rt. 309 and the extens on of the Woodlawn Park Road to the Valrnont Bnduscrial Park. Milnesvil e will be a transportation hub, as a nunber of shuttle lines will term nate here at a site to be erected near where Freeland Road will terminate at U.S. Rt. 309.

3 -9 LATTPMER It is proposed to improve the Lattirner Road, rebuilding the eastern section. A connective road vliiT1 link Lattimer to relocated Pa. Rt. 940. Two shdcrle bus lines will service the area with routes to Milnesville and Beaver Meadows.

DRIFTON - YOUNGSTOWN Two major road proposals will affect this area. These are the Ea5c Hazleton By-Pass, which will cross the western section, and relocated Pa. Rt. 91~0which will pass just to the north of Drifton. Access to bovngscown will be provided from the East Hazleton By-Pass by means of Drums Road. Bus service will continue along Freeland Road.

HUMBOLDT - MOUNT PLEASANT An improved road Fs proposed between Hum- boldt northwest: to the Tomhicken Road. This wYi1 help to develop this recreational area. Other road improvements will be required as devlopment: occurs. A bus will riln between Sheppton and Hazleton along the Sheppton Road.

GREEN RIDGE - VALMONT The major oroposals here involve the construction of the Valmont ParkNJay from Yarwood to connect with Washington Street i~ West Hazleton, A connection will be provided from this road to Jaycee Drive. Shuttle servEce woclld be initiated in the Green Ridge section and along the extension of Washington Street into the lower section of the Valmont Industria7 Park.

NORTH HAZLETON Major concern here is the completion of 22nd Street to serve local traffic effectively. A number of shuttle bus routes will cross the area or terrnfnare here with access to Hazle- ton and the Valmont Industria? Park.

HARLElGH - EBERVALE With the exception of certain improvements to Freeland Road and Lattimer Road there are no major highway proposals for this planning area. The East Hazleton By-Pass will be at the eastern boundary of the area

OAKDALE - MIDDLETOWN - JAPAN The relocation of Pa. Rt, 940 will reduce traffic on the Freeland Road. Improve- ments are proposed to the Jeddo Road - Freeland Road intersection. The East: Hazleton By-Pass will be ar the western botindary of this planning area

HARWOOD = HOLLARS HILL The final completion of the Harwood interchange with interstate 8i will eventually be very important to this area. The Valmont Parkway will rerminate in this planning area. A road constructed from tiarwood LO Hazie Village will open up some sections of this planning area and iink up with the Valmont Parkway.

CRYSTAL RlDGE - CRANBERRY A road is proposed to Fnterconnect Cranberry, Crysral Ridge and Mount Laurel. This will be along the western boundary of Hazleton. A shuttle bus line would extend from Crystal Ridge to Maple Manor connecclng bvith several other lines.

3-10 STOCKTON - EAST HAZLETON The East Hazleton By-Pass will extend through this planning area providing a significant impetus for its development. Stockton Road would be relocated along Hazle Creek providing an effective link between the By-Pass and the City. This road would eventually continue to the Ashmore area serving future industrial uses there. Both Diamond Avenue and existing Stockton Road would be improved. Several shuttle lines would provide access to Stockton from North Hazleton and Hazleton Heights. A major line would run from the central city to the Ashmore complex. A shuttle line would operate along the By-Pass between Lattimer and Beaver Meadows.

HAZLE VILLAGE - BEAVER BROOK A new road is proposed between Hazle Village and Harwood which will provide access to many undeveloped sections within this planning area. This road will continue southeast of U.S. kt. 309 to Beaver Brook. Another new road will connect Beaver Brook at U.S. Rt. 309 to Beaver Meadows. This is the South Hazleton By-Pass. A shuttle bus line will also use this route.

JEANSVILLE The South Hazleton By-Pass will cross this area coming between the north and south sections of Jeansville. A shuttle bus line will use this road and bus service between Tresckow and Hazleton would be maintained.

NEW COXEVILLE The East Hazleton By-Pass will cross Pa. Rt. 93 to the east of New Coxeville and continue to the south. Bus service will be provided over this road as well as Pa. Rt. 93.

3-1 1 Chapter Four

THE COMMUNITY FACl LlTlES AND UTI LlTlES PLAN

Overall Description

The preceding chapters have reviewed two of the three aspects of the Com- pr'ehensive Plan. These included the Land Use Plan and the Circulation Plan. All three are interwoven and cannot be fully separated. Some of the proposals concerned with community facilities have been discussed in the Land Use Plan because they affected its development. In this chapter, however, these items are expanded and developed into a total plan for the municipality.

Hazle Township is largely undeveloped although it is heavily developed in certain other areas. The problem is to provide sufficient basic utilities so as to permit new development as provided for in the Land Use Plan and to develop new facilities which will make many of the older areas more desirable places in which to live. First it is necessary to develop a basic approach to the problem by subdividing the utilities and community facilities to be discussed. Public utilities and community facilities are divided in the text for a more detailed analysis. In this approach public utilities are defined as water, sewer, refuse collection and disposal, telephone, electric, gas and mail. A separate paragraph discusses each in relationship to the Plan. Community facilities include education, religion, public safety, recreation, health and welfare and others. Here, too, a separate paragraph reviews each.

The remaining sections of this chapter include a discussion of the question raised in Part I related to community facilities and public utilities. Fin- ally there is a discussion of these proposals as they relate to each of the 16 planning areas.

Generally, the basic approach in this Plan is to decentralize and provide a number of small facilities throughout the 'Township. The reason for this is its size, which makes any form of centralization very difficult. In any corn munity with blighting conditions in certain areas, the role of community facilities is extremely important to the welfare of the community. Equally important to Hazle Township is a systematic expansion of public utilities for areas of new development.

Utilities

In Part I of the Comprehensive Plan the utilities available to the Township were reviewed and a number of problems identified. Utilities were defined as those certain services which have become so common and necessary as to be associated with public control, regulations or ownership.

4- 1 WATER

Presently the Hazleton City Authority supplies most of the water consumed in the Township. Several exceptions to this are a number of small coal villages which are relying on well water. Generally this has been satisfactory, but does not provide sufficient water for the expansion of these communities in the future. This has become a significant problem in Pardeesville when homes have been constructed to the east. It is suggested that the City Authority extend its line to cover the entire Township. The Township should begin a feasibility study to determine how this could be accomplished. Costs necessary for general improvements to provide water should be paid by the Township. Specific improvements for lines will be the responsibility of the property owners. Builders of new homes should post a bond or place a sum in escrow equal to the projected cost.

It is also desirable for all water to be fluoridated. This has been proved to be an effective aid in reducing the formation of cavities, particularly in young children. At a nominal cost this public health measure could be prov i ded .

It is also proposed that a new dam be built on Stony Creek to the west of Interstate 81. This will provide an additional reservoir for the City Authority and will become increasingly important as both industrial and residential use is expected to increase, The site would be favorably located to the industrial areas shown in the Land Use Plan. It would also help to provide a natural watershed in the large recreational area proposed in the northwestern section of the Township. Other areas of the Township will remain dependent on private water supplies. It is suggested that controls on the construction and maintenance of wells be covered in an environmental health ordinance. Sufficient regulations should also be included in the subdivision regulations for new bui Iding.

SEWER

Most of the Township is not sewered. The older >tztions adjacent to Hazle- ton would use the Black Creek to dump raw sewage. 'This situation has been ended with the construction of a treatment plant u11 the Black Creek. To handle the construction of sewer lines in the Township, a Hazle Township Sewer Authority has been created. It is proposed that this Authority begin to construct sewers in those areas in the Black Creek watershed which can be handled by the treatment plant. One of the most pressing areas needing sewers is Woodlawn Park. The second area to be covered is the Milnesville and Calbeth areas, where it is probable that new commercial development is likely. It should also be possible to connect Lattimer in this expansion. Sewer lines can also be constructed to service the Airport and the industrial area proposed to the north of it by utilizing pumping stations and a small tributary of the Black Creek, which flows just to the west of the Airport. Further expansion should see all of the areas along Freeland Road sewered because they are within the Black Creek drainage area.

4-2 After sewering the Black Creek watershed, it is proposed that sewers be laid along Cranberry Creek which flov~sinto the Black Creek to the west of the treatment plant. Sewage could be pumped back to the plant. This would enable sewers to be provided in Hsrwood, Hollars Hill, and Crystal Ridge. More important is the fact that this step is essential to carrying out the plan because of the extensive industrial and commercial areas proposed near the Harwood Interchange and the high-density residential area proposed between Crystal Ridge and Cranberry. Such an improvement will be necessary if new development is to be encouraged in these areas. By sewering the Cranberry Creek, it will be possible to service the Hazle- ton Heights and Cranberry sections more effectively,

In the more distant future it is proposed to construct a sewer line along the Hazle Creek with a treatment plant to the east of the Township. This will service proposed developmenz east of Hazleton between Stockton Road and Diamond Avenue. For the time being the present practice of using pumping stations to pump sewage inro the Black Creek watershed wi 11 prove satisfactory for a limited amount of development.

The only remaining area left unsewered is the southern section including Jeansville, Beaver Brook and New Coxeville, A sewer line constructed along Beaver Creek extending to and including Beaver Meadows, would cover these areas. Of all of the projects mentioned, this would have the lowest priority since the fewest number of people are affected and there are relatively few major land use proposals affecting these areas.

In other areas of the Township sewers are not planned. This means that it will be necessary for Hazle Township to have adequate public health controls affecting the construction of sewers, It is suggested that the Township adopt an environmental health code covering these items and include sufficient controls in its subdivision regulations to cover new construct ion

REFUSE COLLECT1 ON AND DISPOSAL

The Township has recently introduced a system of public refuse collection supported by a general tax increase of 2 mills. This is a major step towards solving a problem pointed out in Part 1 of the Comprehensive Plan.

It is proposed that evenrually collections be expanded to twice per week. Another suggestion is that suitable controls on the storage and disposition of refuse by the property owner be established in a health code. Township equipment should also include modern compacting trucks, so that trash is not scattered in the collection process.

4-3 The next problem con~-c,nsrhe disposal It is proposed that- a kiazleton /+pea Retuse D;,posal AuLhority be crearecl represei~tingthe Township, West Gazlercin and thc City 'this organization shmld establish at least tivo operst i i"~ ! andf i 1 Is I Charge.; ~JOUId be made on those 1-15 i ng the faci I - ity Acquisirion of property could be made by eminent domain from funds obrained by mczns of a bond issue Two potetitial sites are proposed in the 7owns~rp One would be irnnediately east of Crystal Ridge, and the ornec would be north of Nilnesville Both of these areas in the Compre- Iiensive Plan are shovdn for new deJeIoprrienrl the Crystal Ridge site for high-density residevtial dwellings and the Hilnesville site for an industrial park By b5g;nninq landfill operations it will be possible to begin 70 clear these sires and wake them usable for new development

TELEPHONE

T17e Eel1 'Telephone Company provides service to the Township, There appears to be no major probiem in handling additional lines in the new developments foreseen by the Compfehensive Plan,

E LEC'TR R C

The Pennsylvania Power and Light Company services the Township. Future expansion will cause no major problem for electric service. One concern is the Mount Pleasant generating plant, This has now been proposed as a secondary power source using atomic energy. This will fit into the Land Use Plan Sufficient screenirlg wili be provided by Interstate 81 as it passes between the plant and Harwood

The Unired Gas Improvement Company provides gas in certain sections of rhe rownship, Po provide for future expansion as indicated in the Land Use Plan, it will be necessary to construct a line along Interstate 81 south from the Valmont industi ial Park to handle new development around the Hai-wood Interchange. Expansion in the Stockton area can be handled by new lines extending from Hazleton The Airport area can be provided with gas from an extension from the line servicing the Valmont liidustri- al Park. Most ocher areas of expansion can be serviced from existing

1 ines I

MA1 L

A major concern in this area is the expansion of delivery service. Many small post offices using boxes service the older coal villages. Gradually the small post offices should be merged into the Hazleton office, but continuing as branch offices. Mail delivery should be extended to cover all of the populated areas.

4 -4 Commccnity Facilities

The area of community facilities is far broader than public utilities. In Part I, community facilities were divided into six separate areas for discussion purposes. That division has been maintained in presenting the proposals of the Plan.

EDLlCATl ON

At present there is one elementary school in the Township which is located in che Maple Manor area. This is satisfactory for the present. In the furure it will be necessary to add a second elementary school. A site to the west of the Diamond East development is proposed. The new East Hazlecon By-Pass will make bussing easier to this site. It will be sufficiently close to Yazleton to service a large area in the City.

The School District has proposed a vo-tech and academic high school to be located in the Maple Manor section of the Township. There was considerable controversy over selection of rhis site. It is clear that a num- ner of improvements will be required to make effective use of the site. A sufficient buffer must be maintained between surrounding housing. . Such housing should be designed to be separate from the school com lex but accessible to it. The high school is expected to house 1500 s udents when it opens, with another 900 in the vo-tech school. It appears that the school district will use the Hazleton High School as a commerc a1 high school. There probably will be a second academic high school in the district. It is hoped that the School District will prepare a long- range plan of development.

Anocher consideration concerns the reuse of a number of old school buildings which are no longer being used for education. Many are in varying scates of repair. It is unfortunate that better use is not made of them. Two buildings - Beaver Brook and Hiddlerown - can be restored as community buildings. Space can be provided for a day nursery and other pre- school programs. At present the Peace Street is now being converted for use for municipal purposes.

RELl GI OUS

There are eight churches in the Township, three of which are Roman Cath- olic. A new church is being constructed in Harwood. At some future date it is likely that relig ious facilities wi 11 be located in the Stockton area to service this section of the Township, which is likely to grow. Such a facility could service the area from New Coxeville to

D i amond East ~

4-5 Another aspect of this is ta strengthen the community role of the church. Such activiries as nurseries, aid EO retarded and physically handicapped children, senior citizens activities, civic meetings, and activity clubs can be structured around church burldings. Provisions for medical examina- tions such as chest x-rays and other public health activities can make fuller use of these facilities. It is riot possible to develop this irr great detail at this tlrne, For this reason it is suggested thar the Township develop a detailed ifiventory of building space suitable for such uses and then to develop a detailed plan around them,

HEALTH AND WELFARE .

Menticoned earlier'has been the need to provide two commiintty buildings. Those suggested wme the old scho~lsin Beaver 5rook and Pliddletowrr ! t is prop~sedthat these facilities would service rhe entire Township. One of the needs which can be provided is that of a low cost medical clinic offering out-patient care end diagnostic services. Community nurse services for the Township would be hand'ied frm these centers. Public health checks would also be provided et periodic intesva s 0 nnocu 1 ations anG vxc i T;es for disease prevention can be administered here. Doctors and. dentists would provide certain hours ta staff the c inic facilities. Costs would be reduced. These faci 1 i ties an$ other we fare aids should he hardl*et by a regional Iiealth and Welfare Counci 1.

Small libraries shouid also be provided in these bu i'l di nqs . Part I cu la r attention would be focused on &ding rooms, Books coul~.be ordered from the Hazleton Library as these faci 1 i ties would operate a5 a-type of branch library. Also several meeting rooms for local organizations should be provided for in these community buildings.

These buildings could also serve as small cultural centers as well. In- structions could be given in music, dancing, wceod working, and painting.. Night classes could be conducted in a number of subjects which wsuld Le of interest to homemakers or persons with hobbies, Lacal exhibits ceuld be shown at the community building, Discussion groups could use the meeting rooms for book reviews and topical questions,

In addition to municipal facilities at the Peace Street Schoal, space could also be reserved for an office by the building inspector, Super- visors, Planning Commission or other public agency which could hold a meeting pertaining to that area ef the community building. The regular facilities at.Peace Street will provide space for the regular meetings of the Supervisors and the agencies of Tswnship government such as the Planning Commission and Zoning Board of Adjustment, Also Township records will be kept here. Space will be reserved for the Twnship Secre- tary and Clerk, The highway department will also be located here. There is additional space at the site for expansion if the additional services

require it' I

4-6 PUBLIC SAFETY

There is no police protection provided by the Tomship Certainly this situation cannot long continue. Because of the size of Hazle Township, it is not readi ly feasible to provide police services. It is proposed that an area-wide pol ice system be es tab 1 ished wi th West Haz leton and Hazleton. Costs would be shared bv a1 1 municipalities. Four directional districts would be established from Hazleton where the command station and ca 1 1 radio sys tern wou Id be msi ntai ned t is suggested that representatives of these municipalities meet and ni tiate steps to develop a Public Safety Plan.

Of almost equal importance is Fire protection This problem should be carefully treated in the Public Safety Plan. I t is suggested that the volunteer companies be retained but with inc eased aid but undkr,Lhe.- supervision of a regional fire board located in Hazleton. -Jwo major fire stations are pro?osed in the Township. One would be on an extension of Washington Street west of West Hazletan. The second would be on the extension of Freeland Road to U.S, Route 309. These would be complete fire stations with two or three fire engines and all equipment. In addition to these maior stations, a number of substations are proposed. Equipment would be stared here in addition to one general utility truck, Stations are proposed at Harwood and Oakdale. Qther substations may be add$ later as development occurs, All stations ' would be manned by volunteers except that paid drivers would be maini tained at the major stations.

The remaining area of pub1 ic safety concerns protective inspections and civil defense. It is suggested that a regional building inspector be appointed to serve all,three municipalities. He would be assisted by at least one local official employed by the Township. In this way the regional inspector could provide technical advice on building questions. Codes should be uniform as much as possible in all of the municipalities for easier enforcement and better understanding of local builders. A civil defense plan should be drawn up with an emphasis of maintaining certain buildings as shelter areas. Large new buildings should be designed so tllst they might serve as civil defense shelters.

RECREATION

There are several types of recreational activities in the Comprehens ve Plan. Some of these have been touched upon in the Land Use Plan. A paragraph is included on several of these types.,

A large wilderness area, Little Sugarloaf Wi Ider-ness drea, is proposed on the northwestern section of the Township. Access midbe provided from Tomhickon Road <4y: improvemnts made to an existing fire trail between that road and Hurnboldt. The purpose of this recreational area wou d \le io provide carnning facilities dl->d nat.:ie rr-ails Close to a city environment. Relatively few irnprovernenr; ?re proposed because the emphasis would be to maincain the nacur-al serring 2g;inst future developmenr. Similar to this are severdl Ntarerbhed pzrks along Black Creek, Cranberry Creek and Dreck Creek This would protect the flood plains along these streams by prohibitjng bui Jding The land would remain, for- the inost part, in irs natural condition and provide a pleasant backdrop for development in che surrounding areas In sane instances, picnic areas and ballfLelds woQld be cleared for family outings,

Beyond this a number of smal lcplayground faci I i ties are proposed, A number of these presently, exist and need only rclinor improvements. Cer- tainly the Hazle Township Elementary School ?hould be the focal point for recreational activity in the Pt@rrtI Hazleton area The baseball field at Laurel Gardens provides a needed facility in this area. Devel- opment of the Black Creek Park wf I1 provide the opportunity for a nature trai 1. In the Mi lnesvi 1 le area it is suggested that a recreational facility be provided for oucdoor activities including a basketball court and Little League field, A playlot should also be established. A possible site is to the rear of the Milnesville E and R Church. In Bardees- vi lle the old school should be cleared and a play zrea provided including a playfield. This site is well locaced and could be readily improved. Presently there are facilities in Lattimer for recreational use. Town- ship assistance could be used EO improve the baseball field and playlot.. Small playlots are suggested in both Harleigh and Ebervale, since both of these areas are relatively small in size '!he school site in Oakdale should be used for a community building Land to the front and-rear should be imroved as a playlot Orher plaufields should be developed around the Jeddo Stars AA Field. In DfiSron and Youngstown there is ;presently sufficienr: open space, dnd borh coflimuni Lies are rather smal 1 to generare demand. Some faci liries would be provided at the restored coal dillage at Drifton in Hollywood the picnic grove should be improved to provide an artractive play area

A number of improvements are needed in the Green Ridge section, There are suqgicient vacant lors to provide a ploylot. in the area. Several larger facilities ijre proposed to the south of Ridge Avenue fo service both the West Hazleton and Township areas of Green Ridge. One of these would have a playfield. In Harwood the ald school site should be cleared for a playlot and baskerball court A playfield should be provided 10 the east of the area. A play area should blso be provided in the Beaver Brook near the area surrounding the old school, which would be converted into a comi;uni ty bui lding 1 t is also proposed to add a playfield in some of the stripping area. ~eansviIle now has a recreational area, This can be expanded. A playlot should be provided in the southern section of Jeansville, One is also proposed in the New Coxeville area near the intersection of the Stockton Mountail1 Road

4-8 The Community Park represents a major step in providing recreational facilities for the entire area. Facilities here should be expanded. Winter sports need to be included, such as skating, sledding and skiing. A public golf course should be provided, as should a swimming area. Boating facilities should be improved, with space for small one-man sailboats. A drag strip could be added. Playfields should be provided. Several trails could be constructed. A permanent building should be added which can be used as a meeting room, These and other proposals should be long-range objectives to meet recreational needs.

OTHER

There is no clear definition of just what other community facilities shall consist of. A number of these were mentioned in Part I of the Comprehen- sive Plan. One of the uses mentioned there was cemeteries. There are three large cemeteries in the Township and several small ethnic ones. It is likely that these will prove adequate, but some thought should be given to additional space. It is proposed that a coal stripping area be used in a reclamation program. One potential site is the land between Sheppton Road and relocated Pa. Route 940.

The need for space for community clubs has been discussed in the previous section. Rooms are proposed in the community buildings for this purpose. Library facilities are also reviewed there, Expanded motel facilities may become necessary. Space near the Harwood Interchange has been allocated for this and similar uses.

One major proposal not previously discussed at length is the proposed restoration of Drifton. This is proposed as a state park which would be a memorial to the mining way of life, which was the backbone of life in this and many other areas of northeast Pennsylvania. Drifton had an unusual beginning and during its early years was considerably different from the majority of coal villages, Many of the foundations of these early homes still remain. Today most of the shops and other features are gone because of expanded stripping operations. In the proposal much of the stripping east of Freeland Road would be leveled and the old buildings restored. Early equipment would be displayed as in a museum. The Coxe Mansion would be rebuilt and refurbished to show the type of fur- nishings common at the period. Certainly the old school, opera house, hospital and early Coxe laboratory would be rebuilt to shm conditions of the day. The remaining mine would be maintained and be in itself a tourist attraction. Admission would be charged for entrance to the buildings. The village would be readily available from relocated Pa. Route 940, which passes to the north. It is hoped that this facility would become a major tourist attraction and help the entire area.

4-9 -Genera 1 Prob 1 ems

In this section of the chapter specific solbtions to problems identified in Part I of the Comprehensive Plan are provided This gives the reader a form of index which interrelates the firs1 two pacts of the Comprehensive Plan.

BETTER UTlLIZATlON OF WOODED AREAS

Most of Hazle Township is heavily wooded, No effort has been made to provide recreational facilities in these areas The Comprehensive Plan offers several approaches One is the establishment of the Little Sugarloaf Wilderness Area in the northwestern corner of the Township This could be accomplished by acquiring easements over a stared period of years to use the site for recreational purpose It is proposed that faciiities would generally be those which can be accommodated In such a4i area cuch as camping Other aspects of the Comprehensive Plan concerning wooded areas lri some areas where residential uses are proposed a very low densiq or a development district is suggested. By providing houses on large lots or by clustering housing units it is possible to maiotain much of the wooded areas A proposal in the southwestern section calls for a commercial recreational area where a variety of open-area uses would be encouraged subject to a number of restrictions

LACK OF A SUFFICIENT' LfWK 'TO THE COAL PtBWDNG PAST

The entire Hazleton area developed because of the coal mining industry Many residents now in the Township can remember mech of it5 history. Mining is an unattractive land use for many reasons most particularly because of the waste left behind, For better or for worse this area has developed because OF coal and must in the long run accept this Fact, it can do so by providing a historical link to the past. /+ proposal calls for the estabiishment of a rebuilt coal village in Drifton This site was chosen because of its past history of development and its uniqueness Emphasis will be placed on living conditions rather than on actual mining, but the plan does Cali for a restored mine with a museum showing early mine implements. !t IS proposed that this become a state park similar to what is being developed at Landis Ualley near Lancaster showing farming history, particularly of the Pennsylvania Dutch

OPEN DUMP J NG

The Comprehensive Plan is specific in calling for an improved approach to refuse col?ection and disposal All developed areas of the Township should have trash collection Dumping should be provided by a regional authority Two sites are proposed in the Township One is near Crystal Ridge and the other above Mi lnesvi Ile By an effective landfill program, it wi 11 be possible to reclaim several large stripping areas for other uses,

4- IO POOR SEWAGE Dl SPOSAL PRACTICES

In rhis chapter a program for rhe systematic expansion of sewer lines Is proposed, This calls for i~singzne creek watersheds as major drainage areas and eveotauliy establishing sewers on nearly all of the existing watersheds, A long-range program has been presented calling for a program of action by the Township Seher Authori cy

The Comprehensive Plan contains a number of sections covering the orderly expansion of public utilities to all areas of the Township, Particularly significant IS water supply, To increase industrial potential a new dam and resevoir are proposed along Stoney Run, Other proposals concern telephone, electric, gas and mai lo

I NADEQIIATE PUBL! C SAFETY SERVl CES

Several proposals are presented covering the establishment of a local police force and streamlining the fire company services, One Significant fact in these proposals is that it is proposed that these services be provided by the region rather than the individual municipality, Police would be centered in Hazleton with four directional districts, The western district would be located in Hazle Park utilizing most of the existing Borough facilities, Fire equipment would be grouped about major fire stations. Two are proposed in the Township One would be a combined fire and police center in a new buc"1ding in HazTe Park, The second would be in the Callbeth area servicing the commercial development there, Minor substations would also be established. Suggested areas for these in the Township are Hsrwood and Oakdale. Only minor equipment would be maintained here. Other proposals concern improved protective inspec- tion and a civil defense plan

LACK OF AN EFFECTIVE RECREATlOd AND COMMUNITY PROGRAM

This need has been pointed ocrt in this and earlier chapters. A section of the past chapter has developed recreational facilities for all of the most significant coal villages This IS also summarized in the following section where the drnpact of the Plan on the planning areas is discussed. In theory the concept is to revitalize these areas by providing recreational and community services which wili make themmoredesirable communities in which to continue to live. This IS certainly a necessary condition for the future development of the Township.

Impact on Plannins Areas

This chapter has described that section of the Comprehensive Plan which applies to community facilities and uciliries, It is also important to summarize its impact on the planning areas,

4-1 1 PPRDEESVILLE The major proposal in this area is to clear the ground on which the old school was located and develop a reacrea- tional area for the area This would include boch a playground for small children and a playfield for organized sports

CLL\I!~~D- A,!RPORT The pr2sent picnic ground should be improved to provide a play area,and other improvements could be made at this site for a playfield. Thi5 could serve the needs of the area as well as fop family outings. Also irl this area is the Community Park. A number- of proposals are made in the Plan EO increase the number of facilities presently offered, [ts size would also be expanded under the Plan. Ope OF two proposed lavdfills would be in the area north of the Airport. which would eventually become an industrial park. Sewers would be provided along the stream west of [he airport.

MliNESVlbLE - GALBET'-! It is proposed to provide a playlot at the rear of the Mi lnesvi 1 le E E- R Church, Along the Mi lnesvi 1 le Road there is a need for a larger site suitable for outdoor activities including basketball, foorball and baseball. Sewers are proposed along the stream flowing from Laxtimer, A new major fire station is also suggested for this area.

LATTlPIFil This area already has several recreational facilities, but both a playground at the Catholic Church and the baseball field in the center of the village could be substantially improved. Sewers will be provided along the stream flowing from Lattimer into Black Creek,

?RrFTOFI - :'*l!NGS?OWV The major proposal in this area concerns the restored Drifton coal village, complete with a mining museum and mine shaft. This would be located along the Freeland Road between Drifton and Yolrnsstown

'tCMBO~Dr- l-;i ELEPSA~I'I The Little Sugar loaf Wi lderness Area wi 11 occupy a large portion of this planning area. improvement here would call for limited and suicable recreational facilities. Several creek parks are also proposed. A new reservoir on rhe Stoney Creek would also be in chis area The Mount Pleasant power station will be converted into a substacion.

'"FFb!-I \. !? !SGE In this area several recreational areas are proposed, In- cluded are two playfields (one in Hazle Park) and a playground. A park is proposed along Cranberry Creek, and a small playground is suggested not far from the junkyard Also in the hazle Park area would be a combined police and fire station to service a wide area

'\'@'': ' "b*zLE7'ON Perhaps the most significant proposal here concerns the Black Creek Park The elementary school and baseball field at Laurel Gardens will provide most of the recreational facilities needed.

4-12 ! I \ HAZLE TOWNSHIP I i LUZERNE COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA i i

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I 1 FiRE STATION I I D LANDFILL , I I

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I SCALE IN FER .

K EWOIEE AND SHE PH E R 0 PLANNING CONIUlTANTS I I HAZLE TOWN SH I P LUZERNE COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA

PROPOSED C.OMMUNITY FAC I LIT1ES i 3 L I 1"

I 0 PROPOSED

~ ElXl SKI PdG I n I

I CGMMUNITY CENTEH I sc I R XECREAT~ON

I I s 5CHCBL ! I c CEMETERY

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1000 0 1000 3000 5000 7000

SCALE IN FEET THE PREPDRATION OF THIS MAP WAS FINANCED W PAR1 THROUGH AN WANPLANNING GRANT FRCM THE HOVYNG p30 HOUE FIN~CEAGENCY, UNDER TM PRovluXrs OF SECTION 701 OF THE HOVSWG ACT OF 1%. AS PJIONOED, ADMINISTERED BY TM BmAU OF COHHVNITY OEVELOPMENT, RNNFILVWU DEPARTMENT OF COMMIMITY AFFAIRS

' KENDREE AND SHEPHERD PLANNING CONSULTANTS

I . Chapter Give

CONT !NU I NG PLANN I NG

Concern with Details

In the past four chapters, the plan for Hazle Township has been explained and a number of the development limitations have been reviewed. All of these chapters had one important fact in common; that is, they were geared to the Township as a whole. What has then been established is a planning guide for Hazle Township to follow. However, this guide,is not satisfactory for individual sectioris of the Township or for particular problems which may be unique to an area. Within this general planning guide it is necessary to develop the details. This is the principal concern of a continuing planning program.

It is the purpose of this chapter to identify a number of these problem areas and to develop possible programs for them. The Planning Commission should continue this in the coming years by constructing such programs for virtually all of these individual aspects of the Plan which are likely to occur in the near future. Many of these solutions can be developed without using the assistance of an outside consultant but by encouraging aid from local residents. On certain aspects it may be necessary to obtain the advice of either the County Planning Comm ssion or a private consultant.

By filling in the details of the Comprehensive Plan, the Planning Commis- sion will be adding to it in most instances, but may be modifying it in others. An example is the proposal to redevelop and restore the coal village of Drifton as a state park. This was certainly an important aspect of the Comprehensive Plan, but it was only sketchily developed. The next step is to refine and re-examine the proposal to develop a sketch plan which may be submitted to the state for consideration. It is hoped that the treatment of some of these problems in this chapter will serve as a guide for future projects that may be initiated by the Planning Com- mission itself.

The remaining sections of this chapter are divided into discussion of particular problems unique to the future development of the Township. Often a sketch is provided to illustrate the text description and make it somewhat more understandable. The inclusion of particular problem discussions in this chapter should not be taken to mean that these are the most pressing ones. The selection attempts only to illustrate a variety of problem situ- ations. For the future considerations of the Planning Commission a number of additional problems for future study are indicated. The concluding section of this chapter attempts to provide solutions to several of the problems identified in the last chapter of Part I. S tr i ppi nq Areas

Certainly the most severe aesthetic problem n the development of Hazle Township is the extensive stripping areas th oughout much of the Township. lhese are concentrated in several locations. In the western section of the Township, large areas exist along both s des of Pa. Route 924, To the south, much of the area along U,S, Route 309 has been stripped, extending to the east of Jeansville. In the north strippings exist from north of the airport periodically across the Township. The other large areas extend a!ong Black Creek from west of U.S. Route 309 through the Township and along Hazle Creek from Hazleton across the Township. Approximately one-quarter of the total land area is blighted by strippings.

At this time it is impossible to develop a plan for each of these strippings, but it is possible to make a number of suggestions which could be applied in certain of these areas. The suitability of a particular proposal can be studied in the continuing plannirrg program of the Planning Commission. it would be desirable if each of the stripping areas would be studied in detail and a definite proposal applied to it.

SCENIC USE

The strip pits and spoil banks are rarely considered as tourist attractions. However, two Penn State professors, Dr. George F. Deasy and Dr. Phyllis R. Griess, have done a considerable amount of research on this question. It is qot likely that the sites alone can be a tourist attraction. A concerted imaginative effort offering other aspects of tourism such as the development of cultural characteristics of many of the-nationalities which have contributed to the area. These could include greater emphasis on certain focd preparation and folk festivals. A number of commercial recreational uses including skiing, golf, fishing, boating, hunting, aod camping can help to encourage tourism. Many of the large old mansions, neighborhood stores and even the company-owned homes could well be attractions. The tourist potential in numbers from the vegalop- olis along the East Coast is staggering. Particularly strong is the devotion of many for'mer residents who can be expected to tell their neighbors and friends of these improvements to attract tourism.

To the casual visitor the strippings themselves represent a fantastic impression of the amount of labor that has gone into the creation of these sites. The distortion of the landscape is gigantic in its proportions, as it is the largest Concentration of man-disturbed terrain in the world. Large spoil banks and the high walls of the strip pits provide excellent vantage points of this destruction. Even more impressive is the view from the interior of a strip pit. In many such locations there is no sign OF any life whatsoever tha& can be seen, To those who have lived among such conditions all their lives, this is readily accepted. However, to those who have not witnessed a similar sight, it is indeed an awesome experience. 5-2 From a scenic strandpoint, the emphasis must be 0t-1 the starkness of the area. A site to be developed for this purpose should not be planted, and emphasis must be placed on maintaining this visual impression of lifelessness. Sometimes the emphasis can stress vast expanses of dis- similar surfaces, such as the Jumbled rock of a high wall of stripping couterbalanced with a smooth water surface of an inaccessible lake. Certainly the alternative af de8eloping the most extreme examples of these strippings into a usable 5t?r+ace for other activi?ies is far more than the small amounts needed for rourist development in providing smooth trails, satisfactory access roads, arid attractive signs,

Both Doctor5 Greasy and Griess have pointed out this tourist potential on many accasions. The fcmllming statement is quoted from their pam- phlet, "Tourism for the Anthracite Region - AFI Alternative for Unem- ployment", published by the College of Mineral Industries of Penn State

Un i ve rs i ty a

The, primary feature of the anthracite regibn, the mining landscape that renders it difficult to draw new industries and outside workers, is the wery factor that produces an interesting place for the tourist to visit. It must be remembered that many of today's more successful tourist sites are not places of beauty; instead, they draw the visitor by featuring the grotesque, the bizarre or the repulsive; or they can boast of the largest, or smallest, or most unusual; or they have historical or cultural significance. One needs mention only a few such famous examples as the Badlands' of the Dakotas, the slums of Paris, Florida's Everglades, New York's Har3&mt and Bowery, or the snake pit in any large metropolitan zoo. These merely illustrate the bas c principle that man will seek to satisfy his curiosity in any well-advertised environment which differs from his own normal habitat.

The anthractice region's mining landscape, certainly not a beautiful sight, possesses a number of the above qualifications and could be turned into a tourist attraction of considerable significance. Its barren and jumbled terrain is bizarre and grotesque, and to some visitors even repulsive, but it is nevertheless mesmeric in quality. It can be disliked, but not ignored; the traveler is constantly aware of i ts presence.

In Hazle Township there are a number of potential tourist sites. Probably the most impressive are 1 isted below:

1. The deserted stripping northwest of Lattimer - These strippings are significant because of their utter barrenness: It is possible to stand in many of them and not see any sigris of life whatsoever -- only the black culm and the blue sky, The impact is startling.

5-3 2. The ridges southwest of Crystal Ridge - Probably the finest view of Hazleton can be obtained from this site. It is sufficiently close to the City to provide an immediate view which can be per- ticularly impressive on partially cloudy days as the sunlight alternately strikes the City. There are also severalbother impressive views of the immediate surroundings. One in particular overlooks a steep rock wall surrounding a small lake,

3. The spoil bank at Beaver Brook - This mound is sufficiently close to U.S, -Route 309 as to be readily viewable. Presently a cross has been placed at the summit. The manner in which the mound dwarfs the village and nearly flows into it is particularly

impress i ve e

4. The badlands west of Stockton Mountain Road and south of Freeland Road - This area offers a wide variety of badland scenes, Most impressive is the size of the area as it stretches into the S t oc kton Mount a i n

5. The badlands south of Mt. Pleasant Reservoir-The view in this area differs somewhat in that there is a significant amount of undergrowth in this area,and it is even large in size than the preceding area.,

Certainly this should not be taken to mean that these are the only impor-. tant scenic areas in the Township. There are many other sites which may be equally significant. In the Drifton area there are examples of each of the types of scenes described above although on a smaller scale. In fact the Township can offer other scenic possibilities which are not mining-related. The tranquil beauty of a mountain stream is readily apparent in Dreck Creek east of the reservoir, and the view from the Humboldt Fire Tower is an impressive one. These facts have been stressed because it is obvious to the most casual observer to the area that the scenic potential has been grossly overlooked.

LOW-DENS ITY S I NGLE-FAMI LY HOMES

In older stripping areas where there has been a more extensive vegetation growth and where there are relatively few sharp contour breaks, it is possible to develop without significant filling. This can be achieved by making effective use of the contours to assure the maximum degree of privacy. Not only can a house be screened by plantings, it is also possible to use low landscaped culm piles themselves as a means of providing privacy in screening the view of other homes, In those areas where water has filled a stripping hole, homes can actually be placed around this site, thus with proper’landscaping providing an attractive view. Since much of this land was virtually flat before mining operations began, the strippings may actually lend a distinct character to the site by providing a variety of contours. The obvious advantage of using strippings for this purpose is

5 -4 the low cost of the land which will provide the developer a means of assuring his profit percentage while actually spending more per lot on site improvements, Equally important is the fact that cons ruc t ion cos ts are reduced in excavation. Low-density singte-family homes can be built satisfactorily on settled culm so long as the bearing load s rejatively small.

The difficulty with using stripping areas for low-density development seems to be primari ly lack of demand for this type of housing. Unfor- tunately many of the new industries, while reducing unemployment, have not provided sufficient management or white-collar jobs to generate this demand. This fact has been noted elsewhere in the Comprehensive Plan, and it is hoped that a change will occur.

In Hazle Township the most attractive areas for this development exist along the Sheppton Road and to the south of New Coxeville. The strippings in these areas are relatively old, and there are few sharp breaks. Most of these areas are now covered by vegetation and no longer appear barren. There are a number of small water-filled strippings both north and south of the Sheppton Road which would make attractive focal points for development.

LANDF I LL

Undoubtedly one of the best uses of a stripping is for a landfill operation. This is because the soil is easily worked and because the landfill operation itself provides a needed fill by which the site can be improved. The sites are numerous and widespread, Generally most are not directly visible from a road or existing land use activity. Of course, they are located on low-cost land which can in many instances be easily acquired. Most atso.have existing graded roads which can easily be improved, Pos- sibly the most important feature is their varied surface which simplifies the filing process because soil need not be hauled for fill.

Undoubtedly there are numerous sites in the Township which can be used. Two which have been identified earlier are the strippings north of Milnes- ville and those surrounding Crystal Ridge. Both are within easy access from Hazleton so that hauling costs can be minimized. Equally important, both sites are recognized by the Comprehensive Plan to be developed in future years. The landfill operation can be used as the first step in s i te preparat i on.

RECREAT I ON

Stripping areas can also be used for recreational development in a number of instances. The varied topography and bush cover are well suited for

5 -5 game if Feeding areas are provided, Water-filled strippings cap be used for fishinq if the acid leve? is reduced. This has ocxurred over the years nacuraliy in many sbandmed strippinys. These basic features plus the wilderness atmosphere, road accessibi /fty and low cost of land make these areas very attractive.

In addition to the recreational uses listed above, these areas can make good sites for day camps, campsites, auto racing, drag strips, golf courses, driving ranges, horseback ridlng, horse racing, ballfields, cycling, archery, trap shooting, gun ranges, dude ranches, game preserves, animal farms, amusement parks miniature rai lroads, autdoor ice skating, sleigh riding, carriage Tiding, model airplane flying, swimming and virtually any outdoor sport or rzcreation. Such sites can also be used for 'tree farms and nurseries as well. Ali of these uses require little monetary investment for site improvement, and they involve no major support problems for the terrain, In Hazle Township the area south sP Pit- Pleasant extending almost to U.S. Route 309 is very well suited for these uses.

INDUSTRIAL ACTIV179 ES

The virtual privacy of most stripping areas also makes them desirable for heavy industrial and trucking uses. Of course, some site preparation includ- iy filling will be necessary. However, today most industrial buildings consist of only one story, so that there would not be a great demand for exten-

si ve soi 1 -bear i ng support a

In the development of strippings for such uses, imagination in development is essential. Proper site study will reduce the preparation costs as extensive grades are used for landscaping and screening. In this way the maximum of privacy cdn be assured and an attractive site prepared. A number of sites for such use have been presented in the Land Use Plan for the Township, One of these, Airport Industrial Park, is discussed at length on a following page,

OTHER PROPOSALS

'The preceding proposals have all involved suggestions which require relatively little site preparation. It is important to remember that with proper filling procedures it is possible to backfill strippings and to provide a site which is virtually competitive with any other lot for certain uses. Backfilling in stripping areas generally involves the rounding of the tops of the spoil ridges and filling the bottoms of the spoil trenches. In many instances it is not necessary to completely fill but only to reduce the slope by rounding the topography. Such sites can be used for most common activities.

5 -6 --Ha rwood

The Land Use Plan for Hatle Township referred to Harwood potentially as a secondary core area and proposed a combination of renewal and rehabilitation efforts to achieve this, Certainly the primary advantage offered is the close proximity of the village to Interstate 81, In the following paragraphs an overall p an which might be achieved for this area is discussed. As pointed out earlier, it is desirable in the Planning Commis- sion’s continuing plann tig program to develop plans such as this for most of the developed areas n the Township. This format can be used in those endeavors.

Harwood is surrounded to the south by abandoned coal strippings. The viliage itself shows numerous signs of decay. Most striking is the abandoned school, which creates an ominous appearance. A number of the homes are no longer well maintained, snd this helps to discourage other

persons from undertaking maintenance or repair programs e Most encouraging is the new church being erected in the village, which will become, when completed, an incentive for other persons. Equally important is the stubborn pride of many homeowners who have maintained and improved their homes against numerous adversities

The plan proposed for Harwood calls for higher density uses along the old Sheppton Road, with a gradual shifting to lower densities further south. Homes which did not have a potentially useful life would be demolished and the site cleared. If sufficient space remained, the lot would be sold for development. Such activity would be a part of an organized renewal program discussed in more detail in Part III of the Comprehensive Plan* Homes which can be rehabilitated would be salvaged. A number of methods by which this can be accomplished are also discussed in Part Ill. Those homes which front along Sheppton Road or are within a half block of that road could be converted into apartments, Higher densities would be permitted by zoning in this area to encourage such conversions or new buildings. Further to the south this conversion of twin homes to single-family dwellings would be encouraged by offering existing residents attractive financing to acquire the other half of the Jot or a new lot on a street to be constructed further south only one block away. The arrangements would be restricted to movement within the Harwood area.

As the previous paragraph indicates, new construction is envisaged. To the south a new residential roadway is proposed utilizing small cul-de- sacs to increase the number of homes built upon it. This road would complete the development of Harwood to the south. However, to the east a complex of apartment houses is proposed. Many of these would be constructed along a semi-circular street extending to the south. The land between Sheppton Road and the proposed semi-circular street would be maintained as open area in the form of a large playfield with suitable plantings surrounding it to provide an attractive appearance of open space. Immediately to

5-7 d" P

\ RECREAT ON AREA

1" = 1,000'

14 ARWOOD HAZLE TOWNSHIP El the west the old sc,hacl wn.u1c! be: derncr! isl-red and r-eplacecl by a playlot offering facilities for younger children, The apartment units would be constructed perpendicula,r to the roadway with sufficient. parking bays between the btci!dings. Only four to eight units would be housed in a bui !ding, depending on whether one- ai two-floor apartments were. provided, Larger apartment units would be encburaged between Sheppton Road and Pa, Route 924. A number of small 10ca1 commercial uses would be permitttiid along Sheppton Road. f'o the north af Pa,. Route 924,a small size shopping center Is proposed for the area.

The existing firehouse wouId be: nraintaIned, and that building along with the new church irmcsld be the only csrnmunity facilities. In the overall plan it is proposed that the fire company become an auxi!iary one with limited firc-fighting equipment. Access to Harwood would be improved by a road connecting the v17age 'tc) Mt. Laurel on U.S. R.oute 309* To the north, acce'~.swn:.itc! be provided to the Valntonr: industrial Park over a road to be co~wtructedaicrriy Cranberry Creek. 'rhese eventual improvements along with the existing improvements to Pa.. Route 924 and Inter- state 81 will provide excellent highway access, Public transportation wi 11 be avai iabte over the old Sheppton Road.

By undertaking rhese improvements, Harwood wili remain a viable comun t Y in the future development of Hazle Township, This is a goal that must be. achieved if communities like Harwood are to remain as effective links n the rnakeup of the Township.

Stockton Val lev

The preceding section reviewed a plan for an existing development in the Township. It is also irrportant to c.onsider a plan for one of the new areas. One of the most important is the Stockton Valley development just east of Hazleton. In this Srea a shopping center, industrial park and a high-densi ty apartment coniplex are proposed for the area between Stockton Road and Diamond Road to the east of Stockton Mountain Road.

The proposal for this area calls for backfilling existing stripping when the present mining operations are terminated I A major road connecting the East Hazleton By-Pass to center city Hazleton is proposed. This will run to the North of the Lehigh Valley tracks. Between this road and the tracks a series of factory buildings are proposed All would face the road and have railroad sidings. Closer to the City where complete backfilling would be impossible, a number of non-rail industries would be encouraged. Since there is a significant depression between Diamond Road and the site, it will be easily possible to provide an excellent natural screen between these uses and those residential uses proposed for Hazleton Mountain.

At the Northeast corner of the site a large shopping center wall is proposed, This will eventually house many of the large commercial stores in the area. Access would be available from the East iiazleton By-Pass over Diamond Road. Parking would be immediately accessible. Plantings would be used along both parking and loading areas to screen the industrial act i vi ti es

5 -8 %Ic -0 / "I I

PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT PLAN STOCKTON VALLEY HAZLE TOWNSHIP South of the railroad an apartment development is proposed between the tracks and Stockton Road. Access would be available from Stockton Road. Modern apartments are proposed. They would be screened to avoid any unfavorable views. k high density hould be encouraged since both commercial and industrial activities would be within walking distance.

Airport industrial Park

Another new proposa1,in the Land Use Plan is the development of an industria? park to the North of the Hazleton Airport. Access would be aveil- able along rebuilt Airport Road which would connect with the Pa. Rt 93 above the Valmont Industrial Park. This site is well located for light industrial uses needing only highway access and desiring to be near air facilities,

This industrial site would vary from Stocktori Valley because it is pre- sumed buildings would be sorilewhat smaller in size. Another factor is that this industrial park would be located in an old stripping area requiring a unique approach to plant location since backfi 11iiig the entire site would be impossible.

The Plan calls for locating the industrial sites within relatively short distances of existing roads. This provides relatively easy access for transportation and does not require extensive filling. The most heavily stripped area would remain. This would be landscaped, probably with tree plantings, to serve us the focal point of the industrial park. Proposed sites would back against it, thus assuring an attractive site with a visability of an industrial use to the rear. This plan also calls for the elimination of the deteriorated row housing ir! the Northwest corner of the site. An industrial site fronting on U.S. Rt 309 is proposed in its place.

Other Planning Suqqestions

These proposals are sufficient to indicate the type of program suggested for the Planning Commission in continuing planning Yt is suggested that specific site plans be developed for the Dfifton Historical Area. Crystal Ridge Development, New Coxeville, Lattimer, Pardeesville, Hazle Village Cluster Development, Humboldt Cluster Development, Milnesville, Calbeth Shopping Center, Mt, Pleasant Industrial Area and Hollywood, These should be developed according to local pressures in the coming years .

Plans should also be formulated concerning the park proposals in the Community Facilities Plan. These include the Creek Valley pprks as well as definite proposals for the Little Sugarloaf Wilderness Area, Guidelines should also be developed for commercial recreation to the South of Mt. Pleasant reservoir, Particular attention must be focused on an evaluation of the coal strippings so that the potential of each area can be studied. @ 1"= 1,000'

PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT PLAN HOLLYXOD-AIRPORT HAZLE TOWNSHIP 171 All of this would represent a full-time job fcr the Planning Commission. For this reason it must be staged over several years, and the assistance of other group^ iri the community sho,ild be soi~cYteil. Each year, it is sugges ted that the P 1 ann i ng Commi s~ji or7 under take me or two of these special studies so that i3 start can be made and adequate attention given to the prdblerns involved.

_I_____-.Genera 1 Prob 1 erns

In each (;? che chapters of Part I I, several of the specific problems raised in Part i of the Comprehensive Plan have been treated in some detai!. Tl~ispractice is continued at this time. uNS I GtlTLL' :WPEFRAKE OF !,!ANY UNDEVELOPED AREAS

The principal basic cause of 'chis problem has been the stripping areas, which detraz% from what inigi-tt hav2 bien an at.trac.tive or at least we1 1 maintained land use. PIS s .First step, it is suggested that the indis- criminate dumping of refuse in these areas be terminated. This practice only maices a bad condition worse. Sui table. landfi 11 operations which cover the refuse are to be encouraged. The next step is to develop a plan for each stripping area. In a preceding section of this chapter a wide variety of alternatives were suggested. This is not a complete list, but it does provide a good starting point for a detailed review of proposals for each stripping area. Such a study will either reinforce the Land ijse Plan for these areas by providing a detailed examination, or it will require an adjustment in that plan. Finally, buyers and developers must be interested in the potential of these sites. Every effort must be made to make such persons aware of their existence. The Planning Commission must also be prepared to work with such persons to achieve an effective design.

EXTER I OR APPEARANCE OF DEVELOPED AREA

Certainly, some of the sections of the older coal villages, existing auto graveyards and some businesses also appear blighted. It will not be possible to renew each such use, but steps should either be taken to rehabilitate it or reduce its impact. If the blighting conditions ai-e fairly extensive and not limited to a particular use, then it may be necessary to develop an overall plan for the area. An example of this in the present chepter is the proposals for Harwood. Plans for other areas should be developed in the future. When blight is concentrated on a single use which covers a large area, ways and means of either screening the use or eliminating it should be discussed. Aban- doned buildings should be required and demolished,with the land put to more productive use. Existing businesses should be regulated and encouraged to provide satisfactory screening to reduce the visual impact of the use. Steps may be taken to compel conformance if the condition is sufficiently bad. Otherwise a general improvement program should be conducted. In these ways the effect of blight can be reduced and and Township made a more attractive place in which to live and work.

5-10 HAZLE TOWNSHIP COMPREHENSIVE PLAN

PART TEXREE DEVELOPMENT PROCEDURES The preparation of this report was l'inai-iced in part tft:.oiIcjh ai2 urban plantii ng rant frcm the Departr,ient of klous i ncj and Urban Devslopx~tlt under tk provisions of Section 701 of the I.IOLISi ng Act: of 1954 as amended aclnii ni stei-ed by tile Bui-eail of C0il;mutii ty Development, Pennsylvani& Department of Coniniuni 3:'; Affairs. HAZLE TOWEISH I P PLANN ING COMM I SSW

Frank K. Row1 and, Cha i rman

John A. Salata, Jr., Secretary

John C. Homa, Jr.

Michael A. Tranguch, Jr.

Joseph E. Sarosky HAZLE rOWNSH I P

COMPREHENS IVE PLAN

PART 111 - DEVELOPMENT PROCEDURES

I NTRODUCT I ON

The purpose of Part I11 of the Comprehensive Plan is to outline methods impleinentt~igthe planning proposals of Part I I. Since no plan can be any betlit- thaii iLs ivplementation, obviously the methods of ImplernenLation are every bil as importsnc as are the planning proposals themselves. While al 1 methods of implementation are important to the success of the planning proposals. this report is limited to the development of the three basic tools of implementation: Zoning Ordin- ance, Subdivision Regulations, and Capital Improvement Programming. In addition to developing these three tools of implementation, Part I11 outliries the need for regional municipal cooperation, the means by which the Planning Proposals can be adopted by Hazle Township, and lastly, suggests additional studies and means of implementation that should be considered in the future by the Township...... -...... -.. TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter One ...EXECUTING THE P.LAN ...... 1-1 A Course of Action ...... 1-1 . The Planning Proposals ...... 1-1

Chapter Two ...ENFORCEMENT ...... 2-1 Legal Framework ...... 2~~ Predevelopment Controls ...... 2-2 ..Use Controls ...... 2-6 Construction Controls ...... 2-9 Condition Controls ...... 2-12 Activity Controls ...... 2-14

Chapter Three ...EVOLVEMENT ...... 3-1 A View to the Future ...... 3-1 Analysis of Planning Proposals ...... 3-1 Population Analysis ...... 3-2 Housing Anaiysis ...... 3-4 Economic: Factors ...... 3-4 The Role of the Planning Commission ...... 3-6

Chapter Four ...EFFECTUATION ...... 4-1 A Positive Program...... -1 A Capital Program ...... l Development Com:nission ...... 4-5 Citizens Advisory Committee ...... 4-6 Regional Planning ...... 4-6 Urban Renewal ...... 4-7

Chapter Five... CONTINUING PLANNING ...... 5-1 The Need ...... 5-1 Rules and Procedures ...... 5-1 Annual Report ...... 5-2 Annual Program...... 5-3 Annual Public Meeting ...... 5-~~. Updating the Plan...... 5-4 Suggested Activity Schedule ...... 5-5 Hazle Township Planning Prograrri ...... 5.. 5 Chapter One

EXECUTING THE PLAN

-A Course of Action

The th;rd part of the Comprehensive Plan concerns implementation of the propocals made io Part I!. Clearly, the program will be successful only Insofar as it can be realized by the Township. For this reason, careful artenrron should be given both to the techniques of implementatioq aqd to the 5trdcturing of an effective decision-making procedure.

Methods of implementation can be divided into three general classification;, EnforcemeQt, Evolvement and Effectuation, each dealt with in a subsequent chapter. The final chapter describes continuing developments of the planning proCeSs.

The Pianninq Proposals

In chapters 2, 3 and 4 of Part II. the planning proposals for Hazleton Township are described. The purpose of this section is to cite important proposals and to discuss briefly some of the problems and possible approaches involved in establishing an effective course of action, The pages of Part II where these proposals were discussed are noted in the parenthese.

lo Upqrade older dwellinqs in coal v31Faqes (P. 2-3, 2-9, 2-10, 5-7 & 8, 5-10).

The problem concerns a residence designed for an economic: activity which no 'longer requires the facflity. When the buildings are presently maintained and .the surroundings are generally pieasant, rehabilitation with lower density may be possible. ZoiiYr!g and health codes are important. Positive community better,-, ment programs of all types are, needed. A housing purchase plan with refinancing on a long-term basis may be helpful. When deterioration or surrounding b'light is severe, attention must be turned to federa 1 r'enewa 1 prog'rams, F nc 1 udi ng spot clearanc.e. -I

2. -Encouraqe all types of suburban development [Po 2-3, 2-4, 2-9, and 2-10). The problem concerns finding and encouraging such deve OP- went in approporlate sec.tions of the Township. Pub1ic"crti 1it:y p 1 a n ngng Ys essential. Also important are an effective road-build ng program and sufficient zoning and subdivision controls.

,, 1-1 3. Encouraqe ION-density iodependeqt housinq (Pa 2-4, 2-10, 5-4, E- 5, 5-10)

The prob 1 em c.oncern5 f i nd i rig and encourag Z fig such deve 1 opment wh F ch requ! res few miiiIicC.ja1 costs. Prorrotlon and careful design studPes are essentlal 'to interest- investors and Rome buyers, Zoning and bui lding code prot:ect:ion is also essent:9aP

4. Encouraqe unified commercial development (Po 2-4, 2-10, 5-8 and 91.

'The pr.oblem concerns ,the estabi ishmeni: of a suburban cornmerc:ial base for service to loc.al resident: and ochers in the area., PPO- motion and careful site studies are import,ant, as is the economic evaluatior! necessary t:o Justify the investment. Zoning controls are essential, as ar'e a'11 public utilities and effective highways.

5. Sufficient controls on hlqhway and neighborhood shoppinq (P. 2-5).

The problem concerns controlling haphazard commercial development along major roads. Zoning, buj'iding and health controls are very Y mportant

6. Encouraqe small restricted and unified industrial development

(P. 2-5 E- 6, 2-9 S 10, 5-6, 5-9j ~

The problem c,onc,er.ns the establ ishment of effec.tive areas for this t-ype of activity. New highways and all public utilities are essential An iivproved communf'ty image is desired. Industria? development promotion seems iise.ftiP. Zolsing controls are needed,

7. Ericosraqe industries w'ith exterl~esite requiremenrs (Po 2-6, 2-9 b 10, 3-8, 5-6'1.

'The problelsi c:oncer'n; reser\iing laiye areas of land for special iz.ed industria! uses. Modecn toning,and indirst.r.i:al pr,ornotIon prograns are neces5ar.y. Highway ac.cess i,li 3 1 be essential - Site studies are needed.

8. Control truckinq and mininq industries c Po 2-6 E 7, 2.-10, 3-8, 5-6, 5-ioi.

The problerr! c,oncer'ns estab'l Ishing s,ufficienl: con,trols on poten.tla1 b'l lghting ac,tivities and enc-ouraging .them in the proper c.ircum- stanc.es. Zoning is essential, a5 is c,ar,efui site selection.

9. Conrrdct Wesr hazleton By-Pass (P. 3-2 F, 3. 3-8, 5-81.

The problem concerns the education of public. officials of the need to c~nstt'uc..t'this highway. It: iss suggested tha.i. an educational program be adopt:ed to develop stiffic:E en't pressure for the road. S.tcidies should be degeloped t,o *j:uppot.t: its need.

17. --Establish expanded community serviE (Po 2.-9, 4-46, 4-, I:)

The problem requires a major, effor,c a't establishing a r?etwor,k OF cornmiln! ty 3er.v.i ces to s tr'engtber! the ]oca'! ne! ghbor,hood and aid o!der. resi dents. Costs should be programmed in capital improve,=. merts program. 'The establishment of a c,oordinating c.ommfttee is essen.tial ,t:o supervise the pr'ogr'am and help to raise nec.essary funds. Community inuolvement'i, v'ery import:ant.

18. Reqiona! police and fire services (P. 4-7. 4-11).

The problem requi res a cooperative effort between, rhe surround?ng municipalities and the volunteer fire companies, Conferences between them and a public relati,ons program is essential. Cost studies w!ll be needed? as will supp!ementa? site and service studies.

19. Restore Drifton (P. 2-7, 4-9, and 10).

The problem requires the development: of an historical site by the State of Pennsylvania. An educational program about t,he need for the park is necessary. His.torIca1 studies of the importance of Drifton and i.ts original btiildings are needed.

20. Establ ;sh the Little Suqar loaf Wi !derness Area, (Po 2-27, 4-7, 4-8, 4-10,

5-5, and 5-61 e

The problem concerns the develppmertr of a wilderness park in an area sufficiently close to an urban area to be used extensively by local residents. An educa.tion pr'ogram is needed. A use study should be made exploring ways in whic,h the site may be best used by local residents.

21 * Encouraqe Commercia! Recreational Uses 2+, 4-10, 5-6, 5-10',

The pr.ob1ern concerns: the develbping of old strippivg areas for. comlwercia! recreation uses subject to ceir'tain controls. it is imperative that effective zoning be adopted restric,ting such uses A development program is also needed to encourage investment. 9rn- proved loc,a? roads are needed to open the area for development:.

22 Presarv.e the stream va!leys (Po 2-7, 4-8).

The problem requires suitable qontrols and rertr!ctions of land along streams. Effective izoning conirols on 5tic.h use are important. The development, of stream valley uti'iization plans is also needed,

23. E:stabl ish local playqrounds (Po '2-7, 4-43. 4-11]

The problem concerns the creation of effective '!oca1 playgrounds. Local expenditures should he programed through the use of a c.api.tal improvements program. Feder,al assistanc.e programs should be in- vestigated. Comrnur?fty assistance is vital.

HAZLE TOWNSHIP LUZERNE COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA

'11 C

R.3 3,000 SO. FT.

R.6 6,000 SQ. FT.

w-1212,000 SQ. FT.

R.20 20,000 SQ. FT.

w*4040,000 SQ FT. c w COMMERCIAL RECREATION U H B HIGHWAY BUSINESS

s c COMMUNITY SHOPPING CENTER

B NEIGHBORHOOD BUSINESS

1 P INDUSTRIAL PARK

GI GENERAL INDUSTRY

TRANSPORTATION

ew LAND RESOURCES

1000 0 1000 3000 5000 7000

SCALE IN FEET THE PREPbJ?AnION OF TH6 MAP WAS FINANCED H PAR1 THROUGH AN URBAN PLANNING GRANT FROH THE HOUSiNG AND WJME FINANCE ffiENCY, UNDER THE PROVISIONS OF YCTON 701 OF THE HOVWG ACT OF 1954. AS AMENDED. AWINSTERED EY THE BUREAU OF COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT, PENNSYLWIA DEPARTMENT OF COMMldllTY AFFAIRS

K ENDREE AND SHE PH E R D PLANNING CONSULTANTS HAZLE TOW IN SH I P LUZERNE COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA

"1 c

w.3 3,000 SQ. FT. :-"' --*'

R.6 6,000 SQ. FT.

w.12 12,000 SQ. FT.

w.20 20,000 SQ. FT. 1 ri:"-o*

R*4840,000 SQ FT.

c R COMMERCIAL RECREATION u H B HIGHWAY BUSINESS

COMMUNITY SHOPPING CENTER

NEIGHBORHOOD BUSlNESS ~

INDUSTRIAL BARK

GENERAL INDUSTRY

T RANSPORTAT ION

LAND RESOURCES

1000 0 1000 3000 7000

K CNDREL AND SHEPHE RB PLANNING CONSULTANTS etc. 2-1 1

2- 111

Chapter Three

EV 0 LVEME NT

A view to the Future

Evolvement is a systematic assess men^ of existing and projected conditions on the basis of which all plarlning should be conceived and evaluated.

Analysis of Planninq Proposals

In evaluating any proposal, the Planning Commission should review the basic plans with the Comprehensive Plan ard the Subdivisio~code a5 guiding standards. Then, an analysis should be made of the impact of the proposed plan on the community.

In this analysis, several basic, factors should be determined.

The number of dwelling units will reveal a very close approximation of the number of residents. Generally a factor of 3.5 Is used in estimating population of development. However, this should be adjusted on the basis of the bedroom floor area per dwe'lling. lf .this figure is 200 square feet or less, the factor might be as low as 1.5. A figure of 600 square feet or more is likely to yield a factor as high as 4.5. Another consideration whic,h can be used to adjust the factor is cost. A lower cost figure will likely mean a higher density. Cost per square fo0.t of bedroom floor area may range from $15 to $35.

The factor used in estimating population will probably indica.te the type of person or family unit 1 ikely to purchase or lease. Even more can be told from .the c0s.t data. Medium to upper low income families can be expected to pay 25% of .the!r annual income fcr shelter. Lower income families pay more; upper lmome families pay less. Thus a $20,000 house is 1 ikely to cost $1,500 pet- year for interest and principal repayment. If utilities and normal maintenance are added, the figure may be as high as $2,500 per year. On th3s basis it can be reasonably expected that the toCal income 0.f .the fami 1 Iy occ.upying such a home will be nearly $10,000 per year. From this it. is poss3,ble to estimate the type of jobs such per'sons will likely hold.

If the paved area including garage, if provided, does not equal at least one-third of the gross floor area, then it: is !ikely that. on- street parking will be common. On the other, hand, if open area, excluding paved area, does not exceed gross floor area and is not at least twice that of the building area, the residence will be urban in character. If children are present, play space wlll be at a premium. 'Tkse considerations point- OUC ~ot:en.tial m:inicipal problems caused b.y the deve 1 opmen't ~

3-1 Where the development is not residenrial, kt: is somewhat more conlplex to apply standards. As: much information as possible should be determined from the deve'loper: Th.ls should include ,total bul lding area? f 1 oor area, paved area es tl1mai:ed numbe,r ,3?d .type of employees or- average Saturday c,iiji:wnecj. oi; !.he r!mber i>f roor~ts providing accommodations, 3nd buildir?g and '!and cost. With .r.ki.; data it: is possible to determi ne some of t:he effects ~

Of pastYcular importance is tax racabies Cost times assessrnen't: ra,tio provides a rough estimte of assessm2t. T'Rh should also be done for residential proper't:ies A.nother c.on51deraticn is that of parklqg. Generally the parking area shoti!d be di: least: twice the building area. With large. turnover st:,~r-esin ?reds !wt accessible to walk.ers, this figure may need to be 4 LIT 5 t'ives building area. On the o,r:he,r hand, smaller st:ores wi.kh less iurnovev' need less space? particularly in urban areas. Stpres with reIi.tive'!y low profit rnargins will of necessity be the high,-vo!ume retai'i stores. 3n noa-commercial area.5 it: is desirable to provide at: least one space for each employee plus: addi tional space when accommodations are provided for ,temporary residents on the basis ~f one per room. This provides a clue 'to traffic volumes. PI! commercial arras as many as 7504 of all pai-k,ing spaces may be provided with cars within aT! hour. Cert:alnly in aon-commercial areas the figure may be higber during comrnci'i:Ing hours., Cn~forrnation on the type of ernplovment: is helpfii! %r:measuring housing and economic demand I Genera! 1.y loner' wage err!pIoyees must: I ive c.lo:ser .to .their place of employment than more highly psid workers. 1960 7 ~ 500 (ac tual 7,478) I965 8 000 1970 8,500 1975 9,500 1980 10,500 1985 12,000

Although sign ficant growth is forecasc, it. is clear that it is not probable that the Township's population will begin to reach its projected max mum population. Growth is expected Yazle Township because there are few possiblities in West Hazleton and only limited potential in che Heights secrion of the City of Hazleton Of course, it is possible that these municipallcles ~~y111- ex sections of the Township, but this cannot be considered at Phis time. Continued developmept is projected primarily along the Black Creek, which can easily be sewered, and in unsewered areas where coal strlppings do not pose significant problems, such as the area between New Coxeville and Stockton. Thus in terms of planning areas, North Hazleton, New Coxeville and Stockton-East Yazleton are expected to experience the most rapid growth, although no aped with the possible exception of Crystal Ridge-Cranberry is expected to lose population.

Cetain other estimates can be made concerning populat,ion characteristics. These show that a greater proportion of household population will consist of the primary family (parents and children). An increasing number of younger residents is also projected. Yousing turnover will also increase. By 1970 approximately 25% of the current population will have moved within five years of that dare. It is expected that by 1980 the figure will be 35%. A gre3i:e.r proport:ion of these people will have moved from outside the Bmmediace area. Estimates on the age make-up of the population are shown below for the total Township, Figures are shown for the years 1960, '1970 and 1980..

% of Population by Age GroiJping

&E 1980 under 'I 0 1 6% 1 8% 1 9% '10-19 17 18 19 20-29 1 '! 9 8 30-39 I4 14 16 40-49 I6 17 16 50-59 13 12 '! 2. 60-69 8 '7 6 70 E; over 4 _I 100%

:3-3 Housinq Analysis

The situation which has charac,terized Hazle T'ownship in the past has been substantially 1 itt:?e changed, This situation was discussed in Chapter 3 of Part 1 of .the Comprehensive Plan, Undei- the Land Use proposals as shown in Part TNO, it.was estimated ,that. a po'ten'LOa1 population of 120,000 was called for. This w.ouId require approximately 35,000 dweilling units, compared 'to an estimated 1960 figure of' 2,385.

As indicated in the preceding subsection, no one expects this type of growth to occur in Hazle Township in the near future. However, what is significant is the fact that growth is: forec,ast. A variety of building types are forecast including an increased use of buildings with more than one family per dwe'l!ing unit. By 1980 It is ex.pected that such dwellings will account for lo"/, of all uni%s In the Township. Still the big increase will be In the more conventional single-family dwelling unit. A major change here is .that such homes will have a far higher value. Estimates are shown below comparing 1960, 1970 and 1980.

\la 1 uat ion 1960 1970 1980

less than $5,000 62% 36% 1Pk between $ 5pOO0 and $10,000 24 28 24 between $10,000 and $15,000 7 14 16 between $15?000 and $20,000 5 16 20 over $20,000 In market: value 2 10 26 lOOo/, lO0"L !OW0

Of course, inflation will play a major role IR this changeS bu.t so will demand. Homes which are not improved will gradually be demolished. While these fact.ot-s are all important, more important: will be new housing. It is estimated That 500 new single-family dwellings will be built between 1960 and 1980, all of which will have values in excess of $15,000. Most new homes wlll have six or sever! rooms and two bathrooms.

Blighting conditions are expected to he substanridlly reduced in the coming years. Only a few of The coal vSIlages will have serious problems. Those most likely to continue blighted are Beaver Brook, Jeans- ville, Crystal Ridge, and Cranberry. Most ocher area5 will see significant reduction in both blighted jtructures and those likely to be potentially blighted.

Economic Factors

In the past there was only one economic factor LO be considered in Hazle Township: coal. Today the remains of this legacy are painfully

3 -.4 in evidence, but it is clear that coal is now only a minor factor in the future of the Township. These facts were made clear in Part I of the Comprehensive Plan. Bn the following paragraphs, a number of conclusions relating to Its fuzuce implicailo~sare reviewed.

One factor is clear: the labor can be expec.ted to grow. In 1960 it: represented about 3/4 of .the total population. I t is not expec.t.ed that this will change materially. Approximately 40% of .the females 14 and over and 75% of the males will be in .the labor force. These potential figures might be higher except .that it Is expected tha,t: the population of the Township will become significantly younger with the addition. of new homes, thus increasincl .the. number of children and requiring many married women to remain home 'to c,are for young children, By !970 it is expected ,that the total labor forc,e will be 6,300, rising ,to 7700 by 1980.

Presently industrial employment sources in the Township made available about 700 jobs. It is expected that by 1970 this figure will be about 1,000. A more significant increase is to be expec.ted by 1980, when an estimated 2,000 industrial jobs wi I1 be aval lable In the Township, It is expected that .the average salary by I980 will be $9,000 per year. A greater proportion of these jobs will require skilled labor than is presently needed. It is also estimated that .the c,oncerns will represent a wider assortment of employers than is presemtly true, although some expansion of existing firms is to be expected. Thus, a greater proportion of township residents is expected 'to be locally employed in the future. However, this figure will always remain less than it once did when coal production represented nearly the sole employment source.

What is expected to change significantly Is Lhe complexion of ,the labor force. Presently manufacturing represents 49% of all employment. It is expected tha.t: this figure will decline to about: 45% in !980. Mining had fallen to 7% in I960 and .will decline even further to about 2% in 1980. It is expected that trade will become more significant by 1980, representing 18% of the employment. The largest: increase is expected to be seen in the various private and public services. This should increase by 5% from the present level of 17%. The largest increase

will be professional and business services ~

In 1960 approximately 3 out of 4 workers had blue-collar jobs. By 1980 it is expected that this proporcion \.rill be about 50-50. All categories of white-collar employmeqt are expected to increase. The major decline in blue-collar workers is expected to be felt in semi- skilled jobs. In 1960 laboring jobs accounted for approximately 11% of the total employment. This is a subscaptial declipe from previous years. It is not expected that this will declipe grearly in the future

3 -5 It is not possible to make absolute projec,tions on the basis of land use proposals advanced in Part II of the Comprehensive Plan in this area, as it was with future population. This Is because commercial and industrial land uses vary so greatly that any ultima,te projections would not be valuable, More than sufficient space is provided for these uses in the land use proposals, and it is not envisaged that by 1980 will many of these areas be developed. Certainly the shopping center proposed along U.S. Route 309 is likely to be a reality by 1970. Further industrial expansion of the Valmont Industrial Park to the south into the Township can also be expected at. that time. Beyond that, the areas proposed for industry in the vicinity of the Harwood interchange and north of the airport appear to be the most likely areas for manufacturing expansion. The commercial area projected east of the Harwood interchange and the Hazle Park area appear to be the most likely to be developed between 1970 and 1980.

The Role of the Planninq Commission

To be in a position to direct and guide this new growth intelligently, the Planning Commission must be sufficiently well-informed. It is clear that to be able to do so, the Planning Commission must stockpile essential data about the municipality. The basic data sould be that compiled by the U.S. Census. In Part I of the Comprehensive Plan, sufficient data from the 1960 U.S. Census is presented. A census will be conducted in 1970. The Planning Cornmission should obtain this data and compile it in a similar manner. A separate report should be published on the interpretations of this data. It is likely that after 1970 the Census will be conducted at five-year intervals. This will be advantageous for the Planning Commission, as it will have at hand more recent data at all times, and it will be possible to examine possible trends which ma) develop more frequently.

The U.S. Census should never be regarded as the only source of information. Pennsylvania has made remarkable strides in recent years and is compiling data which had not formerly been available. Particularly important are the pub1 ished reports affecting marlu~ci~i~r~I~~ and local government finances. It is expecced that additional data will be made available. This should also be accumulated by the Planning Commission and used i~ its computations.

All of this data is at best dated and the Planning Commission must make use of local sources. The school census, if slightly modified, could be of important assistance to all local planning commissions"- as a source of information not only about current population, but also about economic and housing characteristics. Opinion samplings could easily be done with the annual tax bill, and would help to stimulate resident interest in local government matters. Recent expansions of Luzerne County government services should also be used. It is under-

3-6 stood that the current population data will now be available. Help in interpreting this and other informatlon can be obtained from the Luzerne County Planning Commission.

The collection, interpretation and distribution of such important relevant information should be one of the Planning Comrnissionls central functions.

3 -7 Chapter Four

EFFECTUATION

A Posi Live Proqram

Because effectuat:ion is an aggressive action on t.he part: of t.he Municipality, strong leadership must: be developed to en1 ist community interest and support in carrying out the program. The Planning Commission should seek continually for new methods of effectuation in addition ,to those described below.

A Capital Proqram

This procedure is an effectuation step by which a municipality can space the acqclisi tion of certain pub1 ic physical improvements indicated by Part II of the Comprehensive Plan by means of determining priorities and scheduling the improvements.

There are a number of variables in the development of a capi'tal program. These will involve municipal decisions which must be made before a capital program becomes a workable capital budget. It Is useful to identify them. Perhaps the most obvious one concerns engineering design and polit.ical demand. Should a municipal building be constructed of concrete or stone? Should an 8-inch sewer line be installed instead of a 6-inch line? These are questions of engineering design and political demand which should not be answered by planners. Thus a capital program cannot provide them; yet they must be supplied before a capital budget is developed. A second consideration involves the source of funds. Subsidy programs by state, county and federal governments are now well accepted. Whether such funds will be actua'lly available cannot be determined by planners. In a capital budget t,hey must be supplied if realistic figures are to be supplied. A .third variable is the choice of funding. For ex.ample, a project may be paid from current revenues, a reserve fund, or may be financed by borrowed funds. Bf a reserve fund is used, costs will be reduced because it can be expected that the fund will accumulate interest. Likewise, borrowing wi'll increase the cast of the pr0jec.t because interest must: be paid for the prlvilge of borrowing money. The ult,irnat.e choice is again not one that: planners can make.

Because financing alternatives are not completely understood by local officials and planning commissions, some additional general information is presented. When using available or current funds to pay for a project, there are several ways to obtain the necessary monies. Funds may be obtained from current taxes, surplus from prior years, or by means of special assessments. The use of current taxes as the primary

4- 1 source of funds for capital improvement proJec.ts Is commonly referred to as the "pay-as-you-go" system of funding, Costs are borne by current taxpayers. If the 'tax impact can be accommodated, this system is the least expensive.. !-zr'+r projects can also be financed this way be spreading out: the payments of the project as each is completed. A second approach is to prepay the costs by means of a reserve fund. This Is particularly e.ffect:ive when a special fund provides surplus funds which are not immediately needed. Another possibility is t,o use a tax which provides variable returns and is not immediately needed. A t:hlrd method is a special assessment which involves levying charges against the primary beneficiaries of .the projec,t. Usually the levy Is assessed prior to const:ruction, or else short-term borrowing is employed un,k91 the funds are collected.

In c.ontrast to these methods is the a!terna!:jve of borrowing. This is a means of spreading the cost: of the pr0jec.t: over a period of ,time in the estimated life of the facIll.ty. The promise to repay Is backed by the authority of the borrower 'to collect money by means of tax,es or other charges. There are a number of possible approaches to borrowing. Short.-term borrowing without bonds is possible, but municipal governmen'ks are 1 imited to a term of five years, and an equal share must be paid annually. Genera'lly short-term borrowing is limited because of the lack of adequate pro,tec.tion .to the lender. To provide this protection bonds are commonly employed. These signify the indebtedness and are often Pesold to investors and traded. When the municipality borrows funds in this method and p'ledges its full faith and credit, the technique is referred to as general obligation bonds.

In Pennsylvania the total indebredness by this type of financing may . not exceed j'0A9 2% of t.hls sum may be borrowed wi't:houi. voter app~oval. It is probable that ,this requirement will soon be relax.ed In pending constitutional changes. Revenue bonds magi a'bo be employed. These pledge revenues from t.he projec,t. They are not subject to constitutional restrictions, bu.t are likely to result in higher interest rates because there Is less prot:ect%onto the borrower, Arrcther. al ternaclve is to establish an aiithorit:~to borrow the funds. Authorities may be eithe; opel-sting agencies, or .they may "lease back" the f'aci1i.t~to the municipal Vty or school dSstrlct for operat:ion. Usually Authority financing is more expemive because the auchority 1ac,bs the power to tax, thus the protection of the lender is 'lessened as the possibi 1 i,ty of clefau1.t increases, Authority borrowing is not subjecr to constitutional restrictions Even with bonds there are alternatives a. The bonds may be sold on competitive bidding, or the entire transaction may be handled by an underwriter in a negotiated sale, en this practice .the underwriter usually i-esel Is t.he bonds. This practice increases the effective in'terest rate because of the added risk of the underwriter, bu.t it may be desirable where the credit standing of the borrower is either not know or subjec.t to question, Although no hard and fast rules can be established, generally it can be said that large projects are better handled by borrowing funds, particularly if their estimated life Is qui.te long, This enables more of the cost to be paid by the usero Whe.re the projec.t: WY 11 produce revenue itselfp it may be desirable to use either municipal revenue bonds or authority bonds. Small projects are better handled wi,thout borrowing, particularly if they are recurring; however, short-term borrowing is a'!so well sul.ted when current funds are not available. These decisions must be made before a capital budget is established.

Another question that mus.t be discussed at: this time is the question of priorities. Although ID the following paragraph priori%ies are assigned, they mus,t be reexamined by local officials before a capi.ta1 budget can be established. Obviotisly .the fir5t concern is one of need. The municipality must consider how urgently .the capital items are needed. Generally when a present facility is malfunctioning or overcrowded, or when a public hea1,th question is involved, a greater demand is indicated. A second Consideration is the extent of the benefit achieved. When a greater number of people benefit or the project is a part of bigger programs, a higher priority should be assigned. Another consideration involves the extent of money which can be obtained from o.ther than local socIrces. If all things are equal, a project which will be largely paid by federal or' state government is preferable to one to be paid solely from local funds. A very real practical concern is the political implications. lhus if local pressure for a particular facility is extensive, this may require a higher priority than otherwise, Time is another consideration. If extensive time for planning, negotiations or construction is required, then it may be preferable to assign a higher priority to a project which can be provided more easily. Fi?ally the duration of the benefit must also be weighed. Thus if a project, will provide benefi,ts for many years, Vi: should be assigned a higher priority than one which will give only 2 short-term benefi.t.

No one can possibly identify all of the c.onsidera.ttons which must be evaluated. It is desirable that all projects be evaluated equally according to the same standards. For this reason many communities use a priority rating formula in an attempt to facilitate the evaluation technique, In the analysis provided in this chap.ter, the priorities have been somewhat arbitrarily assigned on the basis of the consultant's opinion of future conditions.

In the first chapter of Part: I !I 23 basic steps were proposed for Hazle Township based on suggestions in Part I!. Those which do not involve Township funds are de1iberat:ely omitt:ed because their inclusion would present an unreal financial picture, though several are important.

4-3 Priority improvement Suqqes red Proqram

1. Local road improvement Beginning In 1968, an In- crease In real estate ,tax s hou 1 d be enacted Approx- imatrel-y $lO,OOO should be expended annual ly to repave and widen ?oc,al township roads based upon a road survey ,

2. Construct local sewer system Sewer lines should be pro- in B1ac.k Creek area vided In the entire North Hazletori area In 1968. Funds should be raised by Sewer Authority bond issue using a combination of special assessment, and long- term borrowing supported by sewer rents should be uti 1 ized.

3. Local playground improvements Local p!aygrounds should be provided in all planning areas Improvements shou I d be made to existing locations. Funds should be provided by a general obligation bond issue. it is estimated tha.t $50,000 of 1oca'I funds will be necessary. 'T'hese can be supplemented bv this amount In grants from state and

federal agencies e 'The proj - ect should be ini.cia,ted by

1970 a

4. Effective Refuse Disposal A ,joint program should be in;- tiated wi.th adJaceni. municipalities by establishing a regional author! i:y for .this purpose by 1971. This authority should borrow funds to be paid bac.k from money paid by governme.nts and pr'Ivat:e contractors using the facl 1 ity.

4-4 Priority Improvement Suqqested Proqram

5. Reg mal Pub1 ic Safety Serv,ces A joint program should be initiated with adjoining municipalities to pool all pub1 ic safety services Cost should be paid from local taxes on the basis of the assessed valuation of each municipality. The program should be started by 1974.

Althcugh a number of other programs were suggested On the first chapter, it is not likely that any of them would be included in a ten-year capital improvement program. However, the capital budget must be reviewed yearly to determine whether these and other projects should be undertaken. Specific detail on costs and individual projects must be included in a capital budget.

Development Commission

It is not possible for the Planning Commission itself to promote manv of the ideas that are set forth in Part II of the Comprehensive Plan.. This is particularly true concerning land development. In Hazle Township this is an important consideration because so many of these proposals are concerned with reuse of land. The municipality should attempt to interest developers in using land for the purposes indicated in the Comprehensive Plan.

To do the job of promotion, it is suggested that an independent board be created by the Supervisors. This would consist of from three to five men who were well respected in the community and if possible, knowledge- able in real estate development. These men would attempt to interest: private investors in the proposals. In addi.tion they would supply technical information about the property, including cost of the land and necessary improvements to it. Illustrative site plans would be created similar to those in the last chapter of Part I!. Information about possible financing for the project would be obtained. Actually the Development Commission should know thouroughly all of .the advantages and disadvantages of the site in question. Only In this way wil'l they be able to work with a developer and provide meaningful assistance. An organization such as the one described Is necessary if the land use pro,- posals are to be realized.

4-5 Citizens Advisory Committee

To provide a means for an effect.ive local contact with all areas of the Township, it is sugges,ted that a Ci,t:rzens Advisory Csmrnittee be estab 1 ished 'This would consist of representatives from the 16 areas each of whom would have the oppor.ttini,ty to suggest possible programs for .theOr areas and to c0mmen.t on proposed opes, The Committ:ee would serve two primary purposes. First, ,the Planning Cornmission 07 Supervlors c.ould offer project proposals to them. which they would either approve or reject. They could approve sites artd sugges't ways by which programs could be implemented. The second function would be to ijqitia'te programs of their own. Each month the Planning Commission might: prepare an agenda for discussion purposes which would include an opportunit:y to discuss the needs of each particular area. Programs should be carefully thought ou't; possibly subcommitt.ees should study them further. Major improiJe- ments would be forwarded to .the Planning Commission for their recommend- ation. Detailed problems of local government would be submitted direc.tly to the Supervisors .

It is suggested that the Committee be named by the Supervisors, but from a list of persons who have agreed to serve. Everyone would have an opportunity to volunteer. Costs would be borne directly by the Township. One delegate and one alternate from each area should be named. Each planning area would have one vote. 'The Chairman of the Planning Commission would serve as Chairman and also have one vote.

Each delegate should submit a report for his area twice a year. The questions in the report would be prepared by the Planning Commission and concern new development in the area, health problems, road conditions, estimated population changes as well as information about neighborhood problems, One of the chief bene its OF this prog am will be t,o st:imulate great,er 1oca'I concern and apprec ation of the pol tical process

Req i onal P 1 ann inq

One of the greatest needs in the Hazleton area is for expanded municipal cooperation. The consultarlr: believes that the lack of even a basis for this cooperation represents the area's greatest shortcoming.

To provide a beginning it Is suggested that a regional planning commission be established between Hazle Townshlp, West Hazleton Borough, and the City of Hazle.ton. It is suggested t.ha.t an eleven-,member board be crea.t:ed including five from .the City and three each from the other 'two municipalities. Hopefully other municipalities will also be emouraged to take part in the near future.

It is expected tha.t the Regional Planning Commission would develop it5 own agenda, but t,here are a number of topics which could be suggested.

4-6 In industrial development the Commission would not attempt to set up a new program but instead to work with t,he municipalities to inventory industria! sites, coordinate present programs and other certain procedures and policies whereby the exlst.'Sng programs could be implemented. Other areas for programs would be in rec.reat%on,reuse of coal strippings, sewer and water plannlng, highway planning and in many other areas. Since these problems overlap imunOcipa1 boundaries, it is clear ,that a regional approach is necessary.

The real gain, however, is expected to be in opening up ways in which .the municipalities can cooperate. Many of the recommend'ations In this report are based or! suc.h cooperat!on. Although the Regional Planning Commission would be making a small step towards .this goa'l, it would be a good place to start.

Urban Renewal

Federal urban renewal has now accep.ted as a means of accomplishing one of the most important objectives in planning---providing for a reuse of land which is presently blighted by poor design or inadequate Im- provements to existing buildings. Because of its importanc,e, it: is desirable to devote a section in this chapter to this technique. First, it is important to remember .tha,t urban renewal is effective only when there is no present market for land and there would be a potential market in the area if the site were cleared, Urban renewal is a means of writing down land, but it cannot create a market.

Grants may cover up to three-fourths of the net cost. The municipality is required to pay one-half of the balance, and t:he remainder is paid by the Commonwealth. It is possible to have the local share in the form of a non-cash credit based on such items as donations of land, demolition, removal work and project: improvements I Federal money is also aval lable to finance project planning and preparation. Advances are authorized for surveys to de,termI ne feas i b 1 1 'i 'Cy of pro,j ec,'ts and for the prepara't i on of renewal plans

Before a project may be authorized, a neighborhood analysis must be undertaken. This is presented in Part One of .[:he Comprehensive Plan. Safe, sanitary and decent housing accommodations must be provided for families displaced by urbar! renewai prqjects. Such housing must be at prices within the financial means of the families displaced. Grants are available for reimbursement: of the moving cost and loss of property for res'idents and businesses hithin the project area. Loans are available to owners and tenant-s of properties in the area to bring structures up to local code requirements. lnterest rates are limOted to 3%. The municipa!ity must enact suimble local ordinances, including those affecting building, housing, maintenance, zoning, subdivision of land, and fire prevention. A Comprehensive Plan for community 'improvement. Is also required.

4-7 There are t,wo basic types of urban renewal programs, The least: commonly known are the conserva'ccion and rehabil Ptation projects. ,To be e'! igible, any area myst be at least 20% blighted. This refers ,t.o building deficien- c i es i nc 1 ud 1 ng i nad eq ud te c r' i g ina 1 c OR^ t_ :r uc L i'33 u ns af'e p 1 umb ! ng ~ h~at:- ing or electrical deficiencies, e.xt:ensive m!nor defects, deteriorating conditions not c.crr;ec?abIe by norma? maintenance, defe.ct:s ,to a poi~t warranting cleardcce or other equal 1y signific.ant building deficiencies. T'he area must be developed w%t:h50% or more of the area improved, Pre- dominant!y open land ij also 'included if ki: impa5r-s or affects sound communi L)r growth? and i t wl I1 po't 1 E k.elg be. developed privately, If less than 10% of the land is in building losts, Et is classified as open 1 and ..

In a rehabilitation and conservation pI-ogTam? copcerr! is primarily based . II .9 on ,the ha ! ,t i ng of fur' the r de te t' c, 2 I: ii P, ;? . S 1:; re5 1 bent i a 1 c:e?,nse rvii e i CJ~ this means ,that all properties are feasible to upgrade, that .the area has sound residential qual 1 ties, desirable !ocaltlor! and physical characteristics as we1 1 as other evidences of vital ity, 3t is nec,essary that the land use pattern be adap'table to present-day needs. Similar characterist:ic,s are required in non-residential conservation, T'he primary concern is.based on findyng means by which the area can be improved. This may be accompl ished t:hrougb an Improved 53treet sys,tem, maintenance and repi r spot demo 1 Iti on of severe 1 y bl 'i gh,ted uses, building alterations, improvements of uti1i.t~systems, and the. like,

A major part of the appl ic3t.ioc includes a rehabll i,t:a,t:lon and c,onservation report based on property rehabi 1 i tatlon standards and the feasibi I ity of property improvements. As In all urban re9ewal programs,, .the steps are carefully out1 ined, but outside consul t:igg 35 essential Such programs are hand'led by ,the Luzerne County redevelopment: author; ty and a consultdnt employed by them.

The more commonly known urbar! renewal program ir.volves clearance and renewal Whi le clearance may. he iwolved in c,onserva&ion, i.t: predominates in this form. The same basic urban irenewaI requirements are in-, cluded wi.thin t:his category. However, az: least 2o"in of ,the buildings must be dllapidated, and '30% of .the ot:her buildings must also warrant: clearance, Reasor!= for iht 5 inc,lilde over.-c.rowding and improper location, excessive dwell ing unit density, incompatible conversions ,to o.ther uses, obsolete building types or sizes, detrimental land use and a .varie.ty of undesirable mnd'itions ~ff~ting.the environment. In cleara~eprograms a detailed land use and rnark.e,tabi!ii.y srudy is required foc,using on the type and character of the r.edeve1opmen.t use., allocation of land for each type of use, other aI'r:er*nat.Pve pl 3'1s po.te.nt:i&l sale or market of the new development and the. identification of all obs.?:acles in accompl Isking the goals,

In most municipalities where there are areas of blight: it: is only prudent: to plan for the eventuality of aT; ~rhagrenewal prqject: for specific areas. In Hazle Township suggested pr.ojects are:

Crystal Ridge - Cranberry - Although there are many potenrial renewal areas I.I Qazl~";w1-5h?p* rhe dPff%cultv %s i~ picking an area with effective reuse pote lal with l!ttle clearance. Because of the locatiop of 1-95 and rhe pvoxlil7J~)rof this area Lo Hazle- ton, It Is proposed that this be given cop priority. The plan proposes a high-depsitu resideptial debelopinen' For much of this area with an evenrcial park along C-anberrv Greek. Ot %ssuggested that a variety of public housisg be explored, Particular atteptlon should be focused on The 22id3 type houslqg, which is privately built but with federal ~j.oanc;al assista~ce. 'This area ha5 potential for the needs of middle aiqd upper low family Ipcomes. It Is suggested that. the Planning Comm%ssioncontinue Its planning program with a more detailed arlalysls of this are6 to determipe urbar! senehlal e3 iglbll It\/and potet-rtlal

2. Drifton - The Drifton area pr.-:wFdss a unique potential because i.t Is relatively undeveloped and many of the ex.%stinghomes can be rehabilitated. It: Is ;uggest.ed that ,this be considered a5 part of the development of the historical park proposed in Part Two. Much of the area above Pa. Route 940 will be used for single- family homes.

3. Harwood - A detailed plan for Haiwood was presenred In Chapter Five of Part Two. This area lles west of Crystal Ridge - Cranberry and Is at an Important. Iqtet-chaflge ~vith1-95. A variety of housing types and other land uses are proposed for this area.

These proposcls have sigsiticanr long-fange potential for Hazle Town- ship, although ICis not likely 'hac they CA~he inloiared in the near future. CertaDnly 7he Plani%ngCommisc- ;cr sho~)ldcontinue to work on these proposals as well ay other tederally assisted programs which now exist or hill be e-tablished if hazle rowslsh!p expects to accomplish rhe proposals set fs:rh in Pari Chapter Five

CONrlNWlNG PLANNING

__.'The Need

To carry out the Comprehensive Plan as envisaged in rhese three reports, leadership must come from the Planning Commission. This means thar the governing officials must place sufficient trust in the Planning Comrnirsion LO ensure sufficient latitude for this leadership. Equally important is che caliber of the people selected to serve. lhey must be ivdependenz of any political connections but fc'k IJe sympathetic with the procedure; of the political process. Members most also hsve a certain ba;ic intelligence and knowledge of planning areas. lhese areas could include real estate, building or other types of construction, transporration, public service, history, legal practice, design or horticulture. It is also important to select mern- bers who have contacts with the community or a portion of it rhij enables them to serue more effectively because they can represent the desires of large gcoups of persons. Finally, the most important qualification 15 that of interest. This cap even be substituted for several of the preceding. It is essential to have an intense concern with the future development of the municipality.

As with many new organizations the Planning Comm ssion must have a sense of purpose. Nithout this it Is unlikely that the P anning Commission can serve effectively without having a positive commitment and a certain security it7 its positior, To provide this, a number of step are suggesr.ed in this re- porr. Each will be more fully discussed in this chapter, First, it i~ imporr;ant. *-hat a formalized procedure be adopred which Is always applted, Then, a number of specific procedures should be adopted which goveril rhe opera.ions of the Planning Commission. Ct is desirable that the Planning Lommission prepare an annual report covlerimj its work during the years, piogre3S towards the Comprehensive Plan goal. and proposals necessary far adopiiurs by the municipal government, Another consideration is rhe need for: d? annual program. Such a program and [he budget for it should be iqdi- cared in the annual report. It is also desirable that the Plaqning Conmi>- $ion hold an annual public meetiqg to discuss its proposals and work. Each year the Planvling Commission shodld evaluate the Comprehensive Plan and make suggesrion; for updating ir At periodic intervals a report should be made on these proposals Pn the final section of this chapter an acr~t~i'y schedule is made up for. rrhe corning year to be used as a guide,

-Rule5 and Procedures

vi1 tual 1y eve1 y orgdnizaiion needs by-laws to oserate si~ccesstully. rot- ex+tnple, ii the Plarlriilig Coinmiision is consider iiiy a subdivi;ioq, the*e should be carefully draw0 rules caveririg the review pl-ocedure which is involbed. rhese by-laws would then be available to the general public In the fo lowing paragraphs a guide to the development of such rules is presented

The first section should govern the formation of the Planning Commission with refe ence to the ordinance under which it was established. This would primarily be a restatement of the enabling legislation in Pennsylvania, but this in itself would be of value because the information would be compiled in one place, making it easier to be checked.

In the second section rules governing the cime and place of meetings should be adopted. /also in this section would be the proper procedure to be followed in appearing before the Planning Commission This is particularly important for the review of subdivision regulations, as it would establish definite rules which must be followed before any subdivision proposal would be reviewed.

A third section would focus on the powers of the Planning Commission under ordinances which had been adopted, such as zoning and subdivision controls, While rhis information could be obtained from che individual ordinances, it would be useful to have it clearly defined in one place. Also included in this section would be the other powers granted to the Planning Commission under applicable state legislation.

Finally, a fourth section would contain a variety of rules of procedures concerning Planning Commission activities which are not located in the previous sections. Included in rhis section would be restrictions on amending the by-laws, quorums, functions of the officers, election of the officers and such other rules as are zhouyht necessary.

Sufficient copies of these by-laws should be published and be available for those requesring such informarion. Each year they should be restudied concerning possible changes or additions One of the effects of the formal adoption of these rules would be LO put the Planning Commission on a more formalized basis. If this were to be accomplished, it is expected that the role of the Planning Conmission itself would gradually become strengthened”

-Annual Report

Each year ehe Planning eOmmi5SiOn should prepare an annual report concerning the program conducted during the past year arld proposed new programs which the CC~mmi5SiOnexpects to undertake dhring the year.. Also included would be a scaternent of expenses and the proposed budget for the coming year. It is suggested that such a report should be prepared in November of each year prior to rhe final adoption of a budget by the municipality.

There is no reason that this report should be a particularly costly venture. It could easily be mimeographed or ditto reproduction. It is expected that

5-2 the report. itself would cootain oniy 8 to 10 pages, 'The fir5.t page other

'' than the co'der should li'ii che naines of the Planning Cornrr!Ission members. This should be followed by a statement. of the subdi,vsi.;ion plans reviewed by the Planning Commission. Such a statement would also iridlc,ate the u1t:imat.e disposition. A narrative describing the projects undertaken by the Flan- ning Commission and the progress made should follow. This would be followed by a re.view of projects to be undertaker! ir! the coming year with the reason for each project indicated, The concluding sections of .the annual report would show past expenditures and the proposal budget.

Annual Froqram

The need for the developmenr of dn anncral program has been mentioned in the preceding section of this chapter, but no atternpc ha5 been made to fucus on what should be included. in the following pardgraphs some of the types of projects which should be included are explained

in the fifth chapter of Part 1 E examples of neighborhood or' area plans are shown. It, is suggested that at least, one such plan should be included in each year. These c.an be considered as design problems which are particularly useful because .they enable the Planning Commission to appreciate problems in development. In selecting areas the Planning Commission should do studies on those in which there is some like!ihood that development wi!l actually take place..

The third chapter of Part [iB point; our the need for statistical studies. This should be a part of ?.he aniudl progrdm. Each year the Planning Commls- sion should publish its current popularion eirimate and comment about the changes which are raking plslce mrithin rhe wiunicip3liry. A3 a part of this study it is also necessary ro upddre pwjetrions to reflect current trends.

Revisions and improvements of existing or.dinances should also p'lay an important part: in the annual program, Each year the Planning Commission should rev i ew the adequacy of an ex i s t,i ng or,d i nance i; I? ,that recommendat i ons can be made concerning its improvement in both enforcement as we11 as the specific terms of the conrrols, 3n determining projecLs in this area, the P ann i ng Cornmission should focus on those nicrrlicipdl controls which are creat ng the

mos t severe prob I erns I

Particularly important in any annual program shobld be the positive programs

which were discussed in the preceding ch3ptea I Each year the annua program should focus on one of these. program;, '!'his should stress !:he implement.ation of a particular program or mean5 by which the. Planning Commission can assist in carrying out the program. Particular importance is placed on urban renewal. It is expected that the Plarlni'ng Commission will serve as a ca,talyst in these programs if they are to be carried out successful lye

5-3 Once every year ir i; suggested ~hdcrhe Plaining Lommission hold a LQW~ meering in which all Vesidenrs would hatie the t.)pportuni?v to bring com- plaints to the Commijsion and to SuggesI progrms f~rThem. It would also provide an oppoccunity for ?.he Planping Comlrii5j;an CQ re\iie\n, irs own programs and ppesenc: them to rhe public for comment.

Careful preparation shou!d go Fnto a public ineeting. '!'his would involve a program which would be a .\;isual one, f:edtiu!.ing s!ides or diiplays, A local speaker of some prominence should a150 De jnvi.ted to m.;ke J short: speech,, However, most of -lire agenda shoilld focu.5 on ?he work uf the Planning Corn- .-.. mission and i1.s future plans. !hi; should be p~.'ent:ed by Cokrnission mm- becs 50 that the pwgram is 3s !oca1 as possible.

Publicity is an irnpor.tanr Ingredient in. any successful public. mee.ting. This should concentrate on the subject. matter ,t.o be presented, which must be of general ivterest. rull use should be made of the local Pewspaper and radio stations. In addir.ion, a flyer ih~uldbe prepared t.o be distrib- uted ta all homes. One silggesticm ~ouldbe to have [.he annual rnee'ting shortly after tax bills were Sent 50 .that flyer5 could be included with the tax billingo Another would be 'LO uti!ize school childrer! for distribution.

No set program can be laid oclt he-e, it is irnpi~rfantTO improvise a format most suitable for locdl condition;. Afrer such ir program is conducted for several yeaes The municipaliry will come to.expec2 it, and ir is likely to grow in size and irnpocrance.

Updatinq the P\s

?'hi5 point hss been mentioned in severa! placer in These repor,t.so it, must be stressed that the plan p?,esented in these t-epor,i.s cannot. be expected to be the ultivate one. Instead, it mtii!: coni:iqual!.q be updated and revised to meet chang i ng c.ond i i i 01ns .. .A. I t,h(rugh proj ec t. i on5 ar'e made in the Compse- hensive Plan, there is no certainty rhat. al 1 or even a majority wi I1 actually ever take place. Therefore, it 75 essenrrla! .that the Plaming Commission periodical ly review ihe pt-opcrials of the Oovpr,ehensive Plan, 'This can be done in t.~oways, each of which is explained in rhe fo!lowing paragraphs.

First, a5 a part of the PldnGing 13rnmis51on s an-tcldl program. it is possible to examine parTicular derails of the C~i~prehe~~~iuePlan and make sug- gesrioos LO it. These, of cuurse, can no^: conscitcrte a rocdl review, but they will prsvide an imporrant. furlction in the updaring pi~cecswhen emer- gencies occur. Ir is suggesred thzt when this p('o(es5 is ~ecessary, it should be included in the onnu21 repor' of rhe Planrling Commission, 'The recommendations should be those of rhe CovrnJskion members with some possible assistawe from the Luzerne C~urityPlannjrrg G3rnnli53ion,

5 ,-4 A more formal review should be conducted at from 5 to 10-year intervals. Phis should in effect be a revision of each of three parts of the Compre- hensive Plan and needs to be prepared by persons experienced in planning. It should result in a new chapter for each of the three sections contain- ing information abour the changes of that basic document. It is expected chat at least six monrhs will be required for such review. Only in this way can the Comprehensive Plan be made a living thing, continuing to face current problems as they arise.

S uqqes ted Act i vi ty Schedule

At this point it is useful to conclcrde the Comprehensive Plan by preparing a sample activity schedule indlcdting projects which can be conducted by the Planning Commission in the coming year,with the hope that this practice will continue to be followed in succeeding yearss utilizing the techniques which have been described in earlier sections of this report.

In preparing this program the title of the project is described on one line. This is followed by a brief explanation of what is involved in it

Hazle Township Planninq Proqram

1, Road Survev

Each road ir, the Township should be surveyed to determine what traffic controls, if any, should be supplied. These would concern new stop signs, traffic lights, parking restricrions and rraffic movement restrictions. Locations for each sign should be indicated.

2. kyqround Fdei lities Study

The Planning Commission should survey the existing playground facilities, noting improvemenrs which peed to be made and possible sites for new play faci 1 i ties. This stcrdy should uti 1 ize material prepared in these reports as well as information compiled by the 'Township. It is not expected that rhe report can be completed within the year, but sections of it can be for those areas whepe The problems seem most. severe.

3. Procedural Rules

As a pari: of this formative year, it is ex.tremely important that the Plan- nipg Commission give thought to this aspect of its program. One or two members can work on the by-laws with the assistance of the Township Solici- tor.

5-5 4. U,S. Route 309 North Study

Much development in the Township is occurring along this road, including a new shopping center. It is suggested that each property be studied with particular attention focused on traffic accessibility and suitable controls. This study is particularly important before development of this area becomes more significant.

5. Reqional Planninq

It is important that a start be made immediately towards regional planning in the Hazleton area. 'Talks should begin immediately between the municipalities as to how this may be carried out. Effective use should be made of school discrict assistance in this project.

6. Sewer Study

A complere sewer facilities study must be made under applicable state law. It is suggested that this study be made by Luzerne County, but if it is not, then the Township must undertake it. Emphasis should be placed on sewers in the Black Creek area. One alternative would be to have the Planning Commission undertake the study for the Township and obtain engineering assistance where necessary.

7. Citizens'. Committee.

The organization of this group has been explained in the preceding chapter. It is suggested thar: in the coming year it be formally organized with the help of the Township Supervisors so that it can be a functioning organization before the 1968 annual public meeting.

There are many other projects which could be listed and may be as important as those which are shown. Particularly important are zoning and subdivision ordinance amendments. It is thought, however, that more positive programs are first- necessary in Hazle Township. Before significant steps can be taken in planning, citizen awareness must be generated. Those programs which can provide greater community concern need to be stressed. Today the greatest problem facing the Township is not the coal strippings or the ineffective local government, but the inertia of its citizens who have lost the essential ingredient necessary in planning: confidence in themselves and in their commun i t y .

5-6 ! HAZLE TOWNSHIP LUZERNE COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA

'1-1 L

PROPOSED

El%tSklNG

COMMUNITY CENTER

RECREATION

SCHOOL

FlRE STATiON

LANDFl LL

WATER FACILITY

WATER- TOW E P

PARK

B barn SEWER LINE

mm~PROPOSED ROADS

1000 0 1000 3000 5000 7000

SCALE IN FEET THE PREFdRAm OF THIS M4P WAS FIWEO 61 PAR1 THROUGH AN IMWN I'LANNffi GRANT FRCW TM K)uyNG NCI KUE FINANCE AGENCY, UNDER TM PROVISICNS OF SECTlCN 701 OF THE HOVSHG ACT OF I*. AS 4h€hUZJ. AMNSTERED BI TM EMDU OF COMHWITY DEVELoPMEHT, RNNSYLW DEPDJITMENT OF toMyI*IITY AFFAIRS

KENDREE AND SHEPHERD PLANNING CO NSULTA NTS

...... -. . . . - ...... ~ .

~~ .- .

HAZLE TOWN S H I P LUZERNE COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA

BASIS iFOR PFFICIAL MAP I

0 PROPOSED

*, COMMUNITY CENTER

RECREATION

s SCHOOL

FIRE STATION

0 , LANDFILL

WATER FACILITY

T WATER- TOW EP

PARK I m bm SEWER LINE I PROPOSED ROADS

1000 0 1000 3000 so00 7000

SCALE IN FEET .

K ENDREE AND SHEPHERD PLANNING CONSULTANTS