A Checklist of Reptiles of Kerala, India

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Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 17 November 2015 | 7(13): 8010–8022

A checklist of reptiles of Kerala, India

Muhamed Jafer Palot ISSN 0974-7907 (Online)

Short Communication Short Zoological Survey of India (ZSI), Western Ghat Regional Centre, Jafer Khan Colony, Eranhipalam, Kozhikode, Kerala 673006, India ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) [email protected]

OPEN ACCESS

Abstract: A checklist of reptiles of Kerala State is presented, along with on this subject including the Kerala region. Since the their Scientific, English and Malayalam names, endemic status, conser- publications of above cited works, our knowledge on vation status in the latest IUCN Red List category, different Schedules of Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act and the Appendices of CITES. A to- the reptile fauna of the region has been enriched further tal of 173 species under 24 families belonging to three orders are re- by the publications of Sharma (1998, 2002, 2007), Inger corded from Kerala. Of these, 87 species are endemic to the Western Ghats, which include the 10 Kerala endemics. Of the 173 species, 23 et al. (1984), Rajendran (1985), Murthy (1981, 1985), are listed in the various threatened categories of IUCN. Tikader & Sharma (1992), Das (1997, 2002, 2003), Molur & Walker (1998), Daniel (2002), Whitaker & Captain Keywords: CITES, Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, Malayalam name, vernacular name, Western Ghats. (2004), Vogel & Van Rooijen (2009), Vasudevan (2009), Chandramouli & Ganesh (2010), Venugopal (2010), Ganesh & Chandramouli (2013), Srinivasulu et al. (2014) Research on reptiles in India dates back to more than and Ganesh et al. (2014). Altogether 518 species of 200 years, coinciding with the formation of the erstwhile reptiles have been reported from India (Aengals et al. British East India Company. The monumental works on 2011). A few more species have been reported from Indian reptiles are Catalogue of the Reptiles inhabiting India since then (Smith et al. 2012; Harikrishnan et al. the Peninsular of India (Jerdon 1853), The Reptiles of 2013; Aengals & Ganesh 2013; Vogel & Ganesh 2013; British India (Gunther 1864), Fauna of British India - Cyriac & Umesh 2014; Mirza & Sanap 2014; Mirza et Reptilia and Batrachia (Boulenger 1890) and the three al. 2014; Amarasinghe et al. 2015; Guptha et al. 2015; volume series of The Fauna of British India including Ágarwal & Karanth 2015). Ceylon and Burma, including the whole of Indo-Chinese In Kerala, reptiles comprise poorly studied classes of sub-region (Smith 1931, 1935, 1943). The work of Smith vertebrates. Though there have been a few attempts to stood the test of time and forms the standard work study reptiles in Kerala (Beddome 1878, 1886; Boulenger

Ahaetulla perroteti Bronze-headed Vine Snake

NOT DATA LEAST NEAR CRITICALLY EXTINCT VULNERABLE EXTINCT EVALUATED DEFICIENT CONCERN THREATENED ENDANGERED ENDANGERED IN THE WILD

NE DD LC NT VU EN CR EW EX

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.2002.7.13.8010-8022 | ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:FF9AD693-3492-445A-B183-52DEE350F619

Editor: Mewa Singh, University of Mysore, Mysuru, India. Date of publication: 17 November 2015 (online & print)

Manuscript details: Ms # o4306 | Received 11 May 2015 | Final received 23 September 2015 | Finally accepted 29 September 2015

Citation: Palot, M.J. (2015). A checklist of reptiles of Kerala, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 7(13): 8010–8022; http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.2002.7.13.8010-8022

Copyright: © Palot 2015. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. JoTT allows unrestricted use of this article in any medium, reproduction and distribution by providing adequate credit to the authors and the source of publication.

Funding: None.

Conflict of Interest:The author declares no competing interests.

Acknowledgements: The author is grateful to the Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata and the Officer-in-Charge, Zoological Survey of India, Kozhikode for facilities and encouragements. I would also like to acknowledge the contribution of my team members viz., PO Nameer, Praveen J, Rajeev Raghavan, A Bijukumar and Sandeep Das in getting this checklist into a final shape. Sandeep Das contributed the images used along with this paper.

8010 Reptiles of Kerala Palot

1890; Ferguson 1895; Wall 1905, 1918; Murthy 1981; Agarwal, I. & K.P. Karanth (2015). A phylogeny of the only ground- Inger et al. 1984; Radhakrishnan 1996, 1997; Thomas dwelling radiation of Cyrtodactylus (Squamata, Gekkonidae): diversification of Geckoella across peninsular India and Sri Lanka. et al. 1997; Thomas & Easa 1997; Joseph & Easa 1997; Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 82(part-A): 193–199; Zacharias 1997; Easa 1998; Abraham et al. 1999; http:dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2014.09.016 Ajit, V.P. (2000). Rediscovery of two rare Typhlopoids, Typhlops Ajith 2000; Palot & Radhakrishnan 2002, 2003, 2004; thurstoni Boettger, 1890 and T. tindalli Smith, 1943 from Kerala. Chandramouli & Ganesh 2010; Cyriac et al. 2011; Jins et Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 97(3): 434–435. al. 2014). A book on the Snakes of Kerala in Malayalam Amarasinghe, A.A.T., I. Ineich, D.M.S.S. Karunarathna, W.M.S. Botejue & P.D. Campbell (2015). Two new species of the by Adiyodi (1965) is the first published work pertaining genus Sitana Cuvier, 1829 (Reptilia: Agamidae) from Sri Lanka, to the snakes of the state. The first comprehensive including a taxonomic revision of the Indian Sitana species. Zootaxa checklist on the reptilian fauna of the State was 3915: 67–98; http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3915.1.3 Beddome, R.H. (1886). An account of the earth-snakes of the peninsula compiled by Radhakrishnan (1997) who listed 169 of India and Ceylon. The Annals Magazine of Natural History (5) xvii: species. Subsequently, Palot & Radhakrishnan (2003) 3–33. compiled a checklist of vernacular names of snakes of Beddome, R.H. (1878). Description of six new species of snakes of the genus Silybura, family Uropeltidae. Proceedings of the Zoological Kerala. Further, as part of biodiversity documentation, Society of London 1878: 800–802. the Kerala Forest Research Institute (KFRI) published Boulenger, G.A. (1890). The fauna of British India including Ceylon and a series of checklists on the biodiversity of the State Burma: Reptilia and Batrachia. London, viii+541pp. Chandramouli, S.R. (2009). Status and microhabitat preference including reptiles (Easa & Ramachandran 2004). More of Otocryptis beddomii Boulenger, 1885 (Reptilia: Agamidae) in recently, Palot & Radhakrishnan (2011) updated the Ponmudi Hills, Western Ghats, Kerala, India. Taprobanica 1(2): 107–110. checklist of reptiles of Kerala by listing 173 species from Chandramouli, S.R & S.R. Ganesh (2010). Herpetofauna of southern the region. Western Ghats, India reinvestigated after decades. Taprobanica In recent years, there has been a revival of interest 2(2): 72–85. Cyriac, V.P, C.P. Arjun & T.K. Joy (2011). Occurrence of the Anamalai in research on the reptilian fauna of the State, with Gecko Hemidactylus anamallensis Gunther, 1875 from Chembra, several new species’ descriptions from the region Wayanad, Kerala. Malabar Trogon 9(3): 20–21. (Manamendra-Aracchi et al. 2007; Gower & Winkler Cyriac, V.P. & P.K. Umesh (2014). Description of a New Ground- Dwelling Cnemaspis Strauch, 1887 (Squamata: Gekkonidae), from 2007; Vogel & van Rooijen 2011; Cyriac & Umesh Kerala, allied to C. wynadensis (Beddome, 1870). Russian Journal of 2014). For the compilation of this checklist, the works Herpetology 21(3): 187–194. of Smith (1931, 1935, 1943), Tikader & Shrama (1992), Daniel, J.C. (2002). The Book of Indian Reptiles. Bombay Natural History Society, Bombay, 141pp. Daniel (2002), Das (2002), Whitaker & Captain (2004), Das, I. (1997). Checklist of the reptiles of India with English common Venugopal (2010) and Aengals et al. (2011) were also name. Hamadryad 22: 32–45. referred to. Das, I. (2002). A Photographic Guide to the Snakes and Other Reptiles of India. New Holland Publishers (U.K.) Ltd., London, 144pp. The current checklist of Kerala are represented by Das, I. (2003). Growth of Knowledge on the Reptiles of India, with an 173 species in 24 families under three orders (Table Introduction to Systematics, Taxonomy and Nomenclature. Journal 1). Of these, 87 species are endemic to the Western of Bombay Natural History Society 100(2–3): 447–501. Easa, P.S. (1998). Survey of Reptiles and Amphibians in Kerala part Ghats, which include 10 species endemic to Kerala. of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve. KFRI Research Report No.148. Kerala The taxonomy and nomenclature follow Uetz & Hosek Forest Research Institute, Peechi. Easa, P.S & K.K. Ramachandran (2004). Biodiversity Documentation (2015) while the vernacular names have been taken for Kerala. Part 10: Reptiles. Kerala Forest Research Institute, from various sources (Adiyodi 1965; Radhakrishnan Peechi. 1997; Palot & Radhakrishnan 2004; 2011). Marine Ferguson, H.S. (1895). List of snakes taken in Travancore from 1888- 95. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 10: 68–77. reptiles in the list are indicated in blue colour. Ganesh. S.R. & S.R. Chandramouli (2013). Endangered and enigmatic reptiles of Western Ghats - an overview. In: Singaravelan, N. (ed.). Rare Animals of India, Bentham Publishers, 35–36. References Ganesh, S.R., S. Bhupathy, P. David, N. Sathishkumar & G. Srinivas (2014). Snake fauna of High Wavy Mountains, Western Ghats, India: Abraham, S., P.S. Easa, J. Thomas & M.A. Nixon (1999). An inventory species richness, status, and distribution pattern.Russian Journal of of reptile fauna in Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary, Idukki District, Kerala. Herpetology 21(1): 53–64. Cobra 37: 24–29. Gower, D.J. & J.D. Winkler (2007). Taxonomy of the Indian snake Adiyodi, K.G. (1965). Keralathile Vishapampukal. (in Malayalam). The Xylophis Beddome (Serpentes: Caenophidia) with description of a Mathrubhumi Printing & Publishing Co., Ltd. Kozhikode, Kerala, new species. Hamadryad 31(2): 315–329. India. Gunther, A.C.L.G (1864). The Reptiles of British India. Published by Aengals, R. & S.R. Ganesh (2013). Rhinophis goweri - a new species Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. New Delhi, 452pp. of Shieldtail snake from the southern Eastern Ghats, India. Russian Guptha, B., N.M. Sivaramprasad, S.T. Muddock & V. Deepak (2015). Journal of Herpetology 20(1): 61–65. First record of Chrysopelia taprobanica Smith, 1943 (Squamata: Aengals, R., V.M.S. Kumar & M.J. Palot (2011). Updated Checklist Colubridae) from India. Checklist 11(1): 1–3. of Indian Reptiles. http://zsi.gov.in/checklist/Checklist%20of%20 Harikrishnan, S., K. Vasudevan, A. De Silva, V. Deepak., N.B. Kar & Indian%20Reptiles.pdf (online version). R. Naniv (2012). Phylogeography of Dasia Gray, 1830 (Reptilia:

Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 17 November 2015 | 7(13): 8010–8022 8011 Reptiles of Kerala Palot

CITES App. I App. I App. I App. I App. I App. I App. I App. II App. II App. II App. II App. II App. II App. II

WPA Sch. I Sch. I Sch. I Sch. I Sch. I Sch. I Sch. I Sch. I Sch. I Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV

WG WG WG WG END

LC LC LC LC LC CR EN NT EN EN EN NE VU VU VU VU VU IUCN

Mutala Kāyal Chīṅkaṇṇi Chūralāma Kaaraama Kaṭalāma Paccha Kaṭalāma Chuṇṭan Kaṭalāma Kolāma Āma Nakṣhatra Kāṭṭāma Āma Leyttinṟe Pālāma Veḷḷāma/ Bhīmanāma Citrayāma Pacchayont Pacchayont Kāṭṭu Nīlagiri Ōnt Vernacular Name Vernacular Malayalam Name Malayalam ImbÂ apXe No¦®n Nqcema Icma ]¨ ISema Npï³ ISema ISema tImema \£{X Ba Im«ma sebv¯n³sd Ba shÅma / ]mema `oa\ma Nn{Xbma ]¨tbm´v Im«p ]¨tbm´v \oeKncn Hm´v Gray, 1864 Gray, 1853 Jerdon, (Linnaeus, 1758) 1761) (Vandelli, 1795) (Schoepff, (Schweigger, 1812) (Schweigger, (Lesson, 1831) (Eschscholtz, 1829) (Gray, 1831) (Gray, (Linnaeus, 1766) Authority 1801 Schneider, 1912) (Henderson, (Linnaeus, 1758) Günther, 1875 Günther, (Gray, 1872) (Gray, (Bonnaterre, 1789) (Boulenger, 1907) (Boulenger, Pelochelys cantorii Calotes nemoricola Chelonia mydas Chelonia mydas Dermochelys coriacea Geochelone elegans Melanochelys trijuga Crocodylus palustris palustris Crocodylus Lepidochelys olivacea Chitra indica

Eretmochelys imbricata imbricata Eretmochelys Species Name porosus Crocodylus Vijayachelys silvatica calotes Calotes Calotes grandisquamis Calotes Nilssonia leithii Lissemys punctata punctata Lissemys Indotestudo travancorica travancorica Indotestudo Asian Giant Softshell Turtle (Cantor's Giant Giant Turtle (Cantor's Softshell Asian Giant Turtle) Softshell Lizard Nilgiri Forest Green Sea Turtle Green (Luth, Leathery Sea Turtle Leatherback Turtle) (Indian Starred Tortoise Indian Star Tortoise) Indian Black Turtle (Indian Pond Terrapin) (Indian Pond Indian Black Turtle Mugger (Marsh Crocodile) Mugger (Marsh Ridley (Pacific Sea Turtle Ridley Olive Turtle) Indian Narrow-headed Softshell Turtle Softshell Indian Narrow-headed Turtle)⁴ Softshell (Narrow-headed Hawksbill Sea Turtle (Hawksbill Turtle) (Hawksbill Sea Turtle Hawksbill English Name I. ORDER CROCODYLIA ) (crocodiles Crocodylidae 1. Family Crocodile)¹ (Salt-water Crocodile Estuarine II. ORDER TESTUDINES (turtles & Geoemydidae 2. Family terrapins) Forest (Kerala Cane Turtle Cochin Forest Turtle)² Forest Kavalai Terrapin, Cheloniidae (sea turtles) 3. Family Dermochelyidae (leatherback 4. Family turtles) (tortoises) Testudinidae 5. Family III. ORDER SQUAMATA (lizards) Agamidae 7. Family (Southern Lizard Forest Common Green Calotes) Green Large-scaled Forest Lizard (Large-scaled (Large-scaled Lizard Forest Large-scaled ) Calotes 6. Family Trionychidae (softshell turtles) Trionychidae 6. Family Turtle³ Leith's Softshell Indian Flapshell Turtle (Indian falp-shelled (Indian falp-shelled Turtle Indian Flapshell Turtle) Travancore Tortoise (Forsten's Tortoise) (Forsten's Tortoise Travancore

5 8 9 4 2 7 6 1 3 13 17 14 15 16 11 12 10 Table 1. The checklist of reptiles of Kerala of of reptiles 1. The checklist Table

8012 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 17 November 2015 | 7(13): 8010–8022 Reptiles of Kerala Palot

CITES

WPA Sch. II

KL KL KL WG WG WG WG WG WG WG WG WG WG WG WG WG END LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC NT NT NT NT NE EN NE NE EN NE NE VU DD DD DD DD IUCN

‌

Muḷḷont Ōnt Ṟoksinṟe Ōnt Paṟayont Ōnt Kaṅkāru Pāṟayont Kūnan Pāṟayont Ānamalayont Nīlagiri Malayont Chṅanganont Marayont Beḍominṟe Marappalli Marappalli Ponnan Indian Marappalli Marappalli Koṭṭiyūr Nāṭṭumarappalli Mala Marappalli Marappalli Ponmuṭi Nīlagiri Marappalli Marappalli Svarṇa Marappalli Sispāṟa Marappalli Vayanāṭān Taṟapalli Kellegal Palli Kuṭṭiviralan Ānamala Palli Vīṭṭu Palli Vernacular Name Vernacular Malayalam Name Malayalam aptÅm´v- tdmIvkn³sd Hm´v Hm´v ]dtbm´v I¦mcp Hm´v Iq\³ ]mdtbm´v ]mdtbm´v B\aetbm´v \oeKncn aetbm´v N¦t\m´v actbm´v s_tUman³sd açÃn s]m¶³açÃn Cý³ açÃn sIm«nbqÀ açÃn \m«p açÃn ae açÃn s]m·pSn açÃn \oeKncn açÃn kzÀWaçÃn knkv]mdaçÃn hb\mS³ açÃn sIsÃKÂ Xd]Ãn Ip«nhnce³ ]Ãn B\ae ]Ãn ho«p ]Ãn (Theobald, 1876) Duméril & Bibron, 1837 Duméril & Bibron, 1846 Gray, Manamendra-Arachchi, Manamendra-Arachchi, & Pethiyagoda, Batuwita 2007 Cuvier, 1829 Cuvier, (Beddome, 1870) Duméril & Bibron, 1837 Duméril & Bibron, 1875) (Günther, (Stoliczka, 1871) (Stoliczka, 1854) (Jerdon, Authority 1768 Laurenti, (Theobald, 1876) (Daudin, 1802) 1885 Boulenger, 1831) (Gray, 1845 Gray, (Beddome, 1870) Cyril & Umesh, 2014 Manamendra-Arachchi, & Pethiyagoda, Batuwita 2007 1984 Marx & Koshy, Inger, (Beddome, 1870) (Beddome, 1870) (Wiegmann, 1834) 1845 Gray, (Beddome, 1878) Günther, 1864 Günther, Cnemaspis sisparensis Calotes rouxii Calotes Cnemaspis indica Cnemaspis nilagirica Sitana ponticeriana Sitana collegalensis Geckoella Draco dussumieri Draco anamallensis Dravidogecko Psammophilus blanfordanus Psammophilus blanfordanus Cnemaspis littoralis Species Name Chamaeleo zeylanicus Cnemaspis beddomei Calotes versicolor versicolor Calotes beddomei Otocryptis Psammophilus dorsalis Salea horsfieldii Cnemaspis gracilis Cnemaspis kottiyoorensis Cnemaspis monticola Cnemaspis nairi Cnemaspis ornata Cnemaspis wynadensis mutilata Gehyra Hemidactylus brookii Salea anamallayana Calotes ellioti Calotes 31 32 Sispara Day Gecko⁸ Day Sispara Roux’s Forest Lizard (Roux's Forest Forest (Roux's Lizard Forest Roux’s Calotes)⁵ Lizard Fan-throated Gecko Indian Day Nilgiri Day Gecko ¹¹ Gecko Nilgiri Day South Indian Flying Lizard (Draco)⁵ South Indian Flying Lizard Anaimalai Gecko¹² Blanford's Rock Agama Rock Blanford's Gecko⁹ Day Coastal Spotted (Forest Gecko Ground Kollegal Gecko) English Name Chamaeleonidae (chamaeleons) 8. Family Indian Chamaeleon (geckoes) Gekkonidae 9. Family Gecko⁷ Day Beddome’s Indian Garden Lizard (Oriental Garden Garden (Oriental Lizard Indian Garden Lizard) Lizard⁶ Indian Kangaroo Agama South Indian Rock (Nilgiri Salea)⁸ Lizard Spiny Horsfield's Gecko⁸ Slender Day Day Gecko Kottiyur Gecko¹⁰ Day Mountain Gecko⁷ Day Ponmudi Gecko)⁷ Dwarf (Ornate Gecko Day Ornate Gecko Day Wayanad Gecko) (Stump-toed Gecko Four-clawed House (Spotted House Gecko Brook’s Gecko) Anamalai Spiny Lizard (Anamalai Salea)⁷ Lizard Anamalai Spiny Elliot’s Forest Lizard Forest Elliot’s 38 19 27 31 36 21 42 23 33 40 28 29 20 22 24 26 30 32 34 35 37 39 41 43 25 18

Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 17 November 2015 | 7(13): 8010–8022 8013 Reptiles of Kerala Palot

CITES

WPA

KL WG WG WG WG WG WG WG WG WG WG WG END

LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC NE EN NE NE NE NE EN NE VU VU DD DD DD IUCN

Nāṭṭu Palli Nāṭṭu Palli Chitrakan Puḷḷi Palli Palli Prasadi Palli Varayan Palli Chital Beḍominṟe Maṇalaraṇa Leṣhnaḷṭṭinṟe Maṇalaraṇa Nīlavayaṟan Marayaraṇa Araṇa Beḍominṟe Kaṭalaraṇa Araṇa Araṇa Ponmuṭi Chempan Araṇa Venpoṭṭan Pāmbaraṇa Pāmbaraṇa Beḍomī Pūchayaraṇa Pūchayaraṇa Gunter Rurkk Pūchayaraṇa Ṭrāvankūr Pūchayaraṇa Beḍomī Mannaraṇa Iruvarayan Mannaraṇa Puḷḷi Mannaraṇa Mannaraṇa Ṭrāvankūr Mannaraṇa Pazhani Vernacular Name Vernacular Malayalam Name Malayalam \m«p ]Ãn Nn{XI³ ]Ãn ]pÅn ]Ãn {]kmZn ]Ãn hcb³ ]Ãn NnXÂ ]Ãn s_tUman³sd aWecW sejp\uÂän³sd aWecW \oehbd³ acbcW s_tUman³sd AcW ISecW AcW s]m·pSn AcW sN¼³ AcW sh³s]m«³ ]mw_cW ]mw_cW s_SvtUmao ]q¨bcW Kps´À ]q¨bcW cpÀ¡v ]q¨bcW {Smh³IqÀ ]q¨bcW s_SvtUmao a¶cW Ccphcb³ a¶cW ]pffn a¶cW {Smh³IqÀ a¶cW ]g\n a¶cW (Gray, 1846) (Gray, 1887 Boulenger, Gray, 1839 Gray, 1887) (Boulenger, 1887) (Boulenger, 1892) (Boettger, Beddome, 1870 (Gray, 1838) (Gray,

Authority 1891) (Boulenger, Duméril & Bibron, 1836 Duméril & Bibron, Smith, 1935 (Daudin, 1802) 1870) (Jerdon, 1870) (Jerdon, (Schneider, 1801) (Blyth, 1853) (Gmelin, 1799) 1887 Boulenger, (Beddome, 1870) 1846) (Gray, (Beddome, 1870) (Milne-Edwards, 1829) (Milne-Edwards, Duméril & Bibron, 1836 Duméril & Bibron, & Koshy Shaffer (Inger, 1984) Bakde, Schlegel, 1836 Schlegel, Lygosoma albopunctata beddomii Ristella Ristella rurkii Ristella beddomii Kaestlea laterimaculata Kaestlea palnica Kaestlea Hemidactylus reticulatus Hemidactylus reticulatus Eutropis bibronii Species Name Dasia subcaeruleum Hemidactylus leschenaultii Hemidactylus prashadi Hemidactylus triedrus beddomei Ophisops beddomii Eutropis carinata Eutropis macularia Eutropis punctata Lygosoma guentheri Ristella travancorica Ristella bilineata Kaestlea travancorica Kaestlea Ophisops leschenaultii Ophisops Hemidactylus maculatus clivicola Eutropis Hemidactylus frenatus , 34 , White-spotted Supple Skink White-spotted Skink (Beddome's Ristella) Cat Beddome’s Reticulated Gecko (Reticulated Leaf-toed Leaf-toed (Reticulated Gecko Reticulated Gecko)³ Skink (Rurk's Ristella)⁷ Cat Rurk’s Skink¹⁴ Ground Beddome’s Skink⁷ Ground Side-spotted Skink⁷ Hills Ground Palni Bibron’s Seashore Skink Seashore Bibron’s English Name Lacertidae (lacertas) 10. Family Scincidae (skinks) 11. Family Tree Skink (Boulenger's Blue-bellied Tree Skink)⁷ Bark Gecko (Lesschenault's Leaf-toed (Lesschenault's Leaf-toed Bark Gecko Gecko) Gecko Prashad's Hill Gecko Termite Lacerta¹³ Beddome’s Skink (Beddome's Skink) Grass Beddome’s Skink Common Keeled Skink) Skink (Bronze Grass Bronze Supple Skink (Common Snake Spotted Skink) Ristella)⁷ Skink (Gunther's Cat Günther’s Ristella)⁷ Skink (Travancore Cat Travancore Skink¹⁵ Ground Two-lined Skink⁷ Ground Travancore Leschenault’s Lacerta Leschenault’s Spotted House Gecko (Spotted Leaf-toed Leaf-toed (Spotted House Gecko Spotted Gecko) Skink) Ponmudi Skink (Inger's Mountain Asian House Gecko (Common House Asian House Gecko Gecko)

58 60 48 62 64 66 68 54 52 45 47 49 50 53 55 57 59 61 63 65 67 51 46 56 44

8014 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 17 November 2015 | 7(13): 8010–8022 Reptiles of Kerala Palot

CITES App. I

WPA Sch. I Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV

KL KL KL WG WG WG WG WG WG WG WG WG WG WG WG WG WG WG WG END

LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC NE EN VU DD DD DD DD DD DD DD DD DD IUCN Kāṭṭaraṇa Araṇa Pañchaviralan Uṭump Pāmp Kuruṭan Pāmp Kokkuruṭṭi Am'miṇṇikkuṭiyan Pāmp Kuruṭipāmp Tiṇṭal Beḍomī Kuruṭipāmp Pāmp Mēlivālan Pāmp Iruvarayan Mēlivālan Kāṭan Pāmp Mēlivālan Varayan Pāmp Pāmp Mēlivālan Taviṭṭ Chem'mēlivālan Pāmp Chemprakunnan Pāmp Muḷvālan Pāṇṭan Pāmp Pāmp Muḷḷuvālan Pāmp Chenvayaṟan Pāmp Chenvalayan Pāmp Karintalayan Muḷvālan Irutalayan Maṇcheṟutalayan Pāmp Pāmp Orirutalayan Vernacular Name Vernacular Malayalam Name Malayalam Im«cW ]©hnce³ AcW DSp¼v IpcpS³ ]m¼v sIm¡pcp«n ]m¼v A½nªn¡pSnb³ ]m¼v XnïÂ IpcpSn]m¼v s_SvtUmao IpcpSn]m¼v taenhme³ ]m¼v Ccphcb³ ]m¼v ImS³ taenhme³]m¼v hcb³ taenhme³]m¼v Xhn«v taenhme³]m¼v sNt½en hme³]m¼v sN{¼ Ip¶³]m¼v ]mï³ apÄhme³]m¼v apÅphme³]m¼v sNwhbd³ ]m¼v sNwheb³ ]m¼v Icn´eb³ ]m¼v CcpXeb³ apÄhme³ a¬ sNdpXeb³]m¼v HcncpXeb³]m¼v (Beddome, 1870) (Daudin, 1803)

Authority (Daudin, 1802) (Dumeril & Bibron, 1844) (Dumeril & Bibron, 1890 Boettger, 1890) (Boulenger, Beddome, 1871 (Beddome, 1863) Beddome, 1877 Beddome, 1880 1854 Duméril & BIbron, 1858) (Gray, (Beddome, 1863) (Beddome, 1877) (Smith, 1943) Beddome, 1870 (Beddome, 1867) (Beddome, 1867) Beddome, 1863 1921 Wall, (Beddome, 1878) 1862) (Günther, (Duméril & Bibron, 1839) (Duméril & Bibron, Chalcides pentadactylus Indotyphlops braminus Indotyphlops

Species Name bengalensis Varanus Grypotyphlops acutus Gerrhopilus thurstoni Gerrhopilus beddomii Melanophidium punctatum Melanophidium wynaudense Platyplectrurus madurensis Plectrurus aureus Plectrurus perroteti Uropeltis ellioti Uropeltis ocellata Uropeltis macrorhyncha Gerrhopilus tindalli Melanophidium bilineatum Platyplectrurus trilineatus sanguineus Teretrurus Plectrurus guentheri rhodogaster Brachyophidium Uropeltis nitida Uropeltis beddomii Sphenomorphus dussumieri Earless Skink (Five-fingered Skink)¹⁶ Skink (Five-fingered Earless 13. Family Typhlopidae (worm snakes) (worm Typhlopidae 13. Family Snake Worm Brahminy English Name lizards) (monitor Varanidae 12. Family (Indian Monitor) Monitor Bengal snakes) Gerrhopilidae (worm 14. Family (shieldtails) Uropeltidae 15. Family Beaked Worm Snake (Beaked Blind Snake) (Beaked Snake Worm Beaked Snake¹⁷ Worm Thurston's Snake Beddome's Worm (Beddome's Black Pied-belly Shieldtail Snake) Earth (Indian Black Earth Shieldtail Wynad Snake)¹⁴ Shieldtail⁷ Three-lined Burrowing (Kerala Golden Shieldtail Snake)¹⁸ (Nilgiri Burrowing Shieldtail Perrotet’s Snake)⁸ Snake) (Elliot's Earth Shieldtail Elliot’s Shieldtail) (Ocellated Nilgiri Shieldtail (Anamalai Earth Anamalai Shieldtail Snake)²¹ Tindall's Worm Snake¹⁷ Tindall's Worm Black (Two-lined Shieldtail Yellow-striped Snake)¹⁷ Earth (Lined Thorntail Shieldtail Three-lined Snake)⁷ Earth (Purple-Red Shieldtail Western Snake)¹² Burrowing (Gunther's Purple Shieldtail Snake)¹⁹ Shieldtail⁷ Wall's Snake)²⁰ (Southern Earth Cochin Shieldtail (Beddome's Earth Shieldtail Beddome’s Snake)²¹ Dussumier’s Litter Skink (Dussumier's Litter Dussumier’s Skink)⁸ Forest

70 72 71 73 74 76 77 79 81 83 85 87 89 91 75 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 69

Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 17 November 2015 | 7(13): 8010–8022 8015 Reptiles of Kerala Palot

CITES App. I App.II App.II App.II

WPA Sch. I Sch. II Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV

KL WG WG WG WG WG WG WG WG WG WG WG WG END

LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC NT NE NE NE EN NE NE NE NE DD DD DD DD DD IUCN

‌ /

Karaṭiyirutalayan Karaṭiyirutalayan Pāmp Laṅkiyirutalayan Pāmp Kuññiyirutalayan Pāmp Kuṅkumappoṭṭan Pāmp Kuṅkumavarayan Pāmp Pāmp Maññavalayan Pāmp Chorakuttan Maṇpāmp Peter Āśampu Mēlivālan Pāmp Paḻani Pāmp Vayalat Aṭichoppan Maṇpāmp Maṇpāmp Maṇpāmp Thekkan Perumpāmp malampāmp Maṇṇūli Pāmp Pāmp Irutalayan Maṇṇūli Vittakkaṟinte Pāmp Pāmp Kāyal Kāṭṭupāmp Chēra Chēra Vaḷḷi Pāmp Chennivarayan Vernacular Name Vernacular Malayalam Name Malayalam IcSnbncpXeb³ ]m¼v e¦nbncpXeb³ ]m¼v IpªnbncpXeb³ ]m¼v Ip¦pas¸m«³ ]m¼v Ip¦pahcb³ ]m¼v aªheb³ ]m¼v tNmcIp¯³ ]m¼v ]oäÀ a¬]m¼v Bi¼p taenhme³ ]g\n ]m¼v hbeäv ]m¼v ASnt¨m¸³ a¬]m¼v a¬]m¼v sX¡³ a¬]m¼v s]cp¼m¼v- /ae¼m¼v a®qen ]m¼v CcpXeb³ ]m¼v hnä¡dn³sä aW vWqen]m¼v ImbÂ ]m¼v Im«p]m¼v tNc hÅn tNc sN¶nhcb³ ]m¼v Boulenger, 1896 Boulenger, (Beddome, 1863) Beddome, 1863 1892 Boulenger, (Linnaeus, 1758) 1801) (Schneider, 1799) (Schneider, (Daudin, 1803) 1802 Shaw, (Günther, 1875) (Günther, Gans, 1966 1858) (Gunther,

(Linnaeus, 1758) Authority Cuvier, 1829 Cuvier, (Beddome, 1867) (Beddome, 1886) (Beddome, 1878) Das, 1991 (Günther, 1875) (Günther, 1875) (Günther, (Beddome, 1878) (Russell, 1801) (Theobald, 1876) Rhinophis fergusonianus Rhinophis fergusonianus Uropeltis pulneyensis Uropeltis pulneyensis Rhinophis sanguineus Rhinophis travancoricus Python molurus conicus Eryx Acrochordus granulatus Coelognathus helena Argyrogena fasciolata Uropeltis liura Uropeltis smithi calamaria Liopeltis

Ptyas mucosa Ptyas mucosa Species Name Uropeltis ceylanica Uropeltis rubromaculatus myhendrae Uropeltis Uropeltis petersi Eryx whitakeri whitakeri Eryx Uropeltis arcticeps Uropeltis arcticeps Uropeltis rubrolineata Uropeltis maculata Eryx johnii Eryx Uropeltis woodmasoni Cardamom Shieldtail (Cardamom Hills (Cardamom Shieldtail Cardamom Snake) Earth Palni Shieldtail (Indian Earth Snake)⁷ (Indian Earth Shieldtail Palni (Beddome's Shieldtail Red-bellied Shieldtail)²³ Nadu Earth (Tamil Shieldtail Travancore Snake)⁷ python Indian Rock Common Sand Boa Wart Snake) (Little Marine File Snake Snake²⁴ Common Trinket Banded Racer Ashambu Shieldtail (Gunther's Earth Earth (Gunther's Ashambu Shieldtail Snake)⁷ Snake)²¹ (Smith's Earth Shieldtail Violet (Calamaria Snake Lesser Stripe-necked Snake) Reed Indian Rat Snake (Dhaman) Snake Indian Rat English Name Pythonidae (pythons) 16. Family (boas) Erycidae 17. Family (file snakes) Acrochordidae 18. Family snakes) Colubridae (colubrid 19. Family Kerala Shieldtail (Ceylon Earth Snake)⁵ Earth (Ceylon Shieldtail Kerala Earth (Red-spotted Shieldtail Red-spotted Snake)²² Snake) Earth (Boulenger's Shieldtail Barred Snake)²¹ Earth (Peter's Shieldtail Peter’s Whitaker’s Boa (Whitaker’s Sand Boa) Boa (Whitaker’s Whitaker’s Periyar Shieldtail (Thirunelveli Earth Earth (Thirunelveli Shieldtail Periyar Snake)⁷ Earth (Red-lined Shieldtail Red-lined Snake) Earth Snake)⁷ (Spotted Shieldtail Red-sided Red Sand Boa (Indian Boa) Red Black-bellied Shieldtail (Woodmason's (Woodmason's Shieldtail Black-bellied Snake)⁸ Earth

93 95 97 99 94 96 98 92 104 101 103 105 106 107 110 111 113 100 102 114 112 109 108

8016 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 17 November 2015 | 7(13): 8010–8022 Reptiles of Kerala Palot

CITES WPA Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV

KL WG WG WG WG WG WG WG WG WG WG WG END LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC NT NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE EN NE VU DD DD IUCN

Oraccuruṭṭa Churuṭṭa Thekkan Churuṭṭa Ṟes’sal Churuṭṭa Mūvarayan Malañchuruṭṭa Churuṭṭa Kuṭṭivālan Villūnni Varayan Pāmp Komberi Kāṭṭu Pāmp Mala Komberi Keāmberi Nalvarayan Pāmp Villūnni Pāmp/ Nāgattān Pāmp Alaṅkāra Tiruvitāṅkūr Veḷḷivarayan Pāmp Varavarayan Pāmp Veḷḷivarayan Pāmp Veḷaḷitalayan Churuṭṭa Ezhuttāṇi Pāmp Montayunti Pāmp Pūchakkaṇan Pāmp Kāṭṭuvalayan Pūchakkaṇṇi Vaḷayan Pāmp Pāmp Karikuriyan Beddominte Pāmp Pūchakkaṇṇi Pāmp Pīrumēṭan Chola Pacholan Malampacholan Pāmp Pāmp Pachola Vernacular Name Vernacular Malayalam Name Malayalam Hc¨pcp« sX¡³ Npcp« sdÊÂ Npcp« aqhcb³ Npcp« ae©pcp« Ip«nhme³ Npcp« hcb³ hnÃq¶n Im«psImws_cn ]m¼v aesImws_cn ]m¼v \Âhcb³sImws_cn ]m¼v hnÃq¶n \mK¯m³ ]m¼v/ Ae¦mc ]m¼v XncphnXmwIqÀ shfvfnhcb³ hchcb³ ]m¼v shÅnhcb³ ]m¼v shffnXeb³ ]m¼v Fgp¯mWn Npcp« tam´bp´n ]m¼v ]q¨¡W³ ]m¼v Im«pheb³ ]m¼v hfb³ ]q¨¡WvWn ]m¼v IcnIpcnb³ ]m¼v s_tUman³sd ]q¨¡®n ]m¼v ]ocptaS³ ]m¼v tNme]t¨me³ aew]t¨me³ ]m¼v ]t¨me ]m¼v (Bonnaterre, 1790) (Boulenger, 1894) (Jerdon, 1853) Günther, 1862 2011 Rooijen, & Van Vogel 1890) (Boulenger, (Daudin,1803) (Beddome ,1870) (Linnaeus, 1754) & Duméril, 1854) (Bibron (Schneider, 1802) (Gunther, 1875) 1909) (Wall, (Günther, 1864) Beddome, 1877 (Shaw, 1802) 1862) (Günther, 2011 Rooijen, & Van Vogel (Boie, 1827) (Shaw, 1802) (Shaw, 1802) (Daudin, 1803) (Beddome, 1863) (Günther, 1858) (Bibron & Duméril, 1854) & Duméril, 1854) (Bibron Authority (Duméril,Bibron & Dumeril (Duméril,Bibron 1854) (Jerdon, 1853) Ahaetulla nasuta nasuta Ahaetulla Boiga dightoni Boiga dightoni Oligodon taeniolatus Oligodon taeniolatus Oligodon affinis Dendrelaphis ashoki Dendrelaphis grandoculis Dendrelaphis tristis travancoricus Lycodon aulicus Lycodon subpunctatus Sibynophis Boiga trigonata Boiga nuchalis Boiga beddomei dispar Ahaetulla Oligodon travancoricus Oligodon travancoricus Oligodon arnensis Oligodon brevicauda Dendrelaphis girii Dendrelaphis chairecaeos Chrysopelea ornata striatus Lycodon nympha Dryocalamus olivaceus Rhabdops Boiga ceylonensis Boiga forsteni Species Name Ahaetulla perroteti perroteti Ahaetulla Oligodon venustus Oligodon venustus Common Vine Snake Common Vine Snake Travancore Cat Snake (Dighton's Cat Snake) Cat (Dighton's Snake Cat Travancore Russell’s Kukri Snake Kukri Russell’s Snake²⁵ Kukri Western Snake²⁶ Tree Bronzeback Ashok’s Snake²³ Tree Bronzeback Large-eyed Snake Tree Common Bronzeback Snake Wolf Travancore Snake Common Wolf Snake Black-headed Dumeril’s (Indian Gamma Snake) Snake Common Cat Snake Cat Collared Snake Cat Beddome’s Vine Snake⁸ Günther’s Travancore Kukri Snake⁷ Kukri Travancore Snake) (Banded Kukri Snake Common Kukri Kukri (Short-tailed Snake Striped Kukri Snake)⁸ Snake²⁷ Tree Bronzeback Giri’s Snake Tree Southern Bronzeback Snake) (Golden Tree Flying Snake Ornate Snake) (Northern Wolf Snake Wolf Barred Bridal Snake Snake Forest Olive Snake)²⁸ Cat (Sri Lanka Snake Cat Ceylon Forsten’s Cat Snake Cat Forsten’s English Name Bronze-headed Vine Snake (Perrotet's Vine (Perrotet's Vine Snake Bronze-headed Snake)¹⁹ Black-spotted Kukri Snake²⁵ Black-spotted 141 138 117 119 121 123 125 127 129 131 133 135 137 140 116 118 120 122 124 126 128 130 132 134 136 139 115

Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 17 November 2015 | 7(13): 8010–8022 8017 Reptiles of Kerala Palot

III III III App. App. App. CITES App. II App. II

WPA Sch. II Sch. II Sch. II Sch. II Sch. II Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV

KL WG WG WG WG WG WG WG END

LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC NE NE NE NE NE NE VU DD DD IUCN

‌ Pāmp

Taviṭṭola Pāmp Taviṭṭola Pāmp Kuññittalayan Pāmp Peroṭṭeṭṭi Pāmp Orakkuḷḷan Pāmp Theḷiyan Nīrkkoli Kāṭṭu Mala Nīrkoāli Nīrkkoli Pacchanāgaṁ Nīrkkoli Paccha Cheḷikkuṭa/ Kaṇṭappāmp Pāmp Āttuvāyi Pacchāttuvāy Veḷḷikeṭṭan/ Śanghuvarayan Mūrkhan Ezhuttāṇi Mūrkhan Eṭṭaṭi Varayan Ezhuttāṇi Vaḷayan Ezhuttāṇi Mūrkhan Rājavempāla Vāḷakkaṭiyan Koṭāli Kaṭalora Pāmp Chiṭṭuḷi Pāmp Aṟabi Vernacular Name Vernacular Malayalam Name Malayalam Xhnt«me ]m¼v Ipªn¯eb³ ]m¼v s]scms««n ]m¼v Hc¡pÅ³ ]m¼v sXfnb³ ]m¼v Im«p \oÀt¡men ae \oÀt¡men \oÀt¡men ]¨\mKw ]¨ \oÀt¡men sNfn¡pS/ Iï¸m¼v Bäphmbn ]m¼v ]¨mäphmbv- ]m¼v shÅnsI«³/ i\vLphcb³ Fgp¯mWn aqÀJ³ F«Sn aqÀJ³ Fgp¯mWn hcb³ Fgp¯mWn hfb³ aqÀJ³ cmPsh¼me heISnb³ IStemctImSmen Nn«pfn ]m¼v Ad_n ]m¼v (Jan, 1858) (Duméril, Bibron & Dumeril, (Duméril, Bibron 1854) (Schneider, 1799) 1837) & Gervais, (Eydoux (Shaw, 1802) Gower & Winkler, 2007 2007 & Winkler, Gower 1875) (Günther, (Linnaeus, 1758) (Jerdon, 1853) (Schneider, 1799) (Shaw, 1802) Smith, 1943 (Linnaeus, 1758) (Gray, 1842) (Cantor, 1836) (Cantor, (Daudin, 1803) Daudin, 1803 (Daudin, 1803) (Cantor,1839) (Cantor,1839) & Dumeril, (Duméril, Bibron 1854) (Günther, 1864) (Günther,1862)

Authority 1801) (Schneider, (Duméril & Bibron, 1854) 1854) (Duméril & Bibron, Calliophis bibroni Xylophis perroteti perroteti Xylophis piscator Xenochrophis Gerarda prevostiana Hydrophis curtus Xylophis captaini captaini Xylophis stenorhynchus Xylophis Amphiesma stolatum Hebius monticola Cerberus rynchops Calliophis melanurus Calliophis beddomei Naja naja Hydrophis ornatus Ophiophagus hannah Atretium schistosum schistosum Atretium Hydrophis cyanocinctus Hydrophis schistosus Hydrophis schistosus Macropisthodon plumbicolor plumbicolor Macropisthodon dussumieri Dieurostus

Hebius beddomei Calliophis nigrescens Species Name Bungarus caeruleus Ahaetulla pulverulenta pulverulenta Ahaetulla Bibron’s Coral Snake ³⁰ Snake Coral Bibron’s Striped Narrow-headed Snake ¹² Snake Striped Narrow-headed Snake) Water (Asiatic Keelback Checkered Snake Marsh Glossy Short Sea Snake Captain’s Wood Snake⁷ Wood Captain’s ⁷ Snake Narrow-headed Günther's Keelback) (Buff-striped Striped Keelback Keelback)²⁹ (Wayanad Hill Keelback (Asian Bockadam) Snake Water Dog-faced Snake Slender Coral Snake³ Beddome's Coral Cobra Spectacled Cochin-banded Sea Snake King Cobra King Cobra Olive Keelback Water Snake (Olive (Olive Snake Water Keelback Olive Snake) Trapezoid Sea Snake Annulated Hook-nosed Sea Snake Sea Snake Hook-nosed 22. Family Homalopsidae (mud snakes) Homalopsidae 22. Family Snake Water Dussumier's Smooth Scale Mud Snake) (Kerala Green Keelback Green Beddome’s Keelback (Nilgiri Keelback) Keelback Beddome’s Snake Striped Coral English Name (narrow- Xenodermatidae 20. Family headed snakes) (keelbacks) Natricidae 21. Family Elapidae (elapid snakes) 23. Family Common Indian Krait Brown Vine Snake (Brown-speckled Vine (Brown-speckled Vine Snake Brown Snake)²⁸

159 144 149 154 165 143 145 146 148 153 156 158 160 164 161 151 163 162 152 150 147 157 155 142

8018 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 17 November 2015 | 7(13): 8010–8022 Reptiles of Kerala Palot

III App. CITES

WPA Sch. II Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV

WG WG WG END

LC LC LC LC NT NE NE NE IUCN

Mañña Kuruśi Pāmp Mañña Kuruśi Aṇali Maṇḍali Churuṭṭa Muzhamūkkan Kuzhimaṇḍali Chaṭṭittalayan Kuzhimaṇḍali Chola Maṇṭali Lāṭamaṇṭali Muḷamaṇṭali Vernacular Name Vernacular Malayalam Name Malayalam aªIpcpin ]m¼v AWen Npcp« aÞen apgaq¡³ IpgnaÞen N«n¯eb³ IpgnaÞen tNme aÞen emS aÞen apf aÞen Gray, 1842 Gray, (Shaw & Nodder, 1797) & Nodder, (Shaw (Merrem, 1820) 1854) (Jerdon, (Schneider, 1801) (Shaw, 1802) (Shaw, Beddome, 1862

Authority (Linnaeus,1766) Cyrtodactylus cf. speciosus cf. Cyrtodactylus

(Praschag et al., 2006) et (Praschag which is endemic to Western Ghats Western which is endemic to , a new species described by Mirza & Sanap (2014) from Tamil Nadu Tamil & Sanap (2014) from Mirza species described by , a new Vijayachelys cf. devaka cf. Sitana Trimeresurus strigatus strigatus Trimeresurus Daboia russelii Hypnale hypnale malabaricus Trimeresurus Echis carinatus carinatus Echis gramineus Trimeresurus Trimeresurus macrolepis Trimeresurus Species Name Hydrophis platurus by H. acanthopholis by . The Western Ghats population is now recognised as distinct species (Vogel and van Rooijen, 2011). van and (Vogel species as distinct recognised is now population Ghats . The Western , later moved to to moved , later , a species now considered endemic to Sri Lanka (Vogel and van Rooijen 2011). Rooijen and van (Vogel Sri Lanka endemic to considered , a species now 34 D. bifrenalis D.

Dendrelaphis pictus

may be replaced in southern India be replaced may Horseshoe Pit Viper ⁸ Horseshoe Russel’s Viper Russel’s Common Hump-nosed Pit Viper²⁸ Malabar Pit Viper Bamboo Pit Viper Saw-scaled Viper Saw-scaled Large-scaled Green Pit Viper⁸ Green Large-scaled English Name Viperidae (vipers) 24. Family Black and Yellow Sea Snake Black and Yellow

172 167 169 171 173 168 170 166 H. maculatus As per Amarasinghe et al (2015), the population in Kerala is Kerala in al (2015), the population et As per Amarasinghe be may 2015), the species occur in Kerala & Karanth (Agarwal revision As per the new Kerala. reports from confirmed no recent in the past, workers many by though reported Even ²⁸ Endemic to Western Ghats & Sri Lanka Ghats Western ²⁸ Endemic to Karnataka south of Talewady, Ghats Western ²⁹ Endemic to Karnataka south of Chikmagaluru, Ghats Western ³⁰ Endemic to ²⁶ Formerly treated under treated Formerly ²⁶ with confused Previously ²⁷ 31 32 33 34 ¹ Historical Geoemyda placed under the genus ² Formerly India Peninsular ³ Endemic to (2015) & Murthy ⁴ Palot Ghats & Eastern Ghats Western ⁵ Endemic to gap south of Achenkovil Ghats Western ⁶ Endemic to gap south of Palakkad Ghats Western ⁷ Endemic to south of Nilgiris Ghats Western ⁸ Endemic to south of Coorg Ghats Western ⁹ Endemic to Wayanad only from ¹⁰ Known Nilgiris only from ¹¹ Known south of Wayanad Ghats Western ¹² Endemic to Ghats Eastern from record & a single location Ghats ¹³ Western south of Agumbe Ghats Western ¹⁴ Endemic to Reserve the Nilgiri Biosphere only from ¹⁵ Known in India is doubtful its presence and the type specimen is lost, since its original description (Smith 1935). As it has not been collected Kozhikode Kadalundi, from the type specimen collected only from Known ¹⁶ Historical. Tamil Nadu & Kerala in localities certain only from Known ¹⁷ hills, Wayanad Chembra only from ¹⁸ Known Nilgiris only from ¹⁹ Known hills Nelliampathy only from Known ²⁰ Anamalai hills only from ²¹ Known Karnataka south of Koppa, Ghats Western ²² Endemic to south of Agumbe Ghats Western ²³ Endemic to C.h. monticollaris, Snake, Trinket Mountain subspecies ²⁴ Includes distinct south of Goa gap Ghats Western Endemic to ²⁵

Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 17 November 2015 | 7(13): 8010–8022 8019 Reptiles of Kerala Palot

Scincidae), with the description of a new species from southern Sharma, R.C. (1998). Fauna of India and the Adjacent Countries - India. Zootaxa 3233: 37–51; http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/ Reptilia (Testudines and Crocodilia). Vol. I. Published by the Director, zootaxa.3914.4.9 Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 196pp. Inger, R.F., H.B. Shaffer, M. Koshy & R. Bakde (1984). A report on the Sharma, R.C. (2002). The Fauna of India and the Adjacent Countries - collection of amphibians and reptiles from Ponmudi, Kerala, south Reptilia (Sauria). Vol. II.Published by the Director, Zoological Survey India. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 81: 406–427 of India, Kolkata, 430pp. and 551–570. Sharma, R.C. (2007). The Fauna of India and the Adjacent Countries - Inger, R.F., H. Marx & M. Koshy (1984). An undescribed species of Reptilia (Serpentes). Vol. 111. Published by the Director, Zoological gekkonid lizard (Cnemaspis) from India with comments on the Survey of India, Kolkata, 410pp. status of C. tropidogaster. Herpetologica 40(2): 149–154. Smith, M.A. (1931). The Fauna of British India Including Ceylon and Inger, R.F., H.B. Shaffer, M. Koshy & R. Bakde (1987). Ecological Burma, Including the whole of Indo-Chinese Sub-Region: Vol.1. structure of a herpetological assemblage in South India. Amphibia- Loricata, Testudines. Taylor and Francis, London. Reptilia 8: 189–202. Smith, M.A. (1935). The Fauna of British India Including Ceylon and Jerdon, T.C. (1853). Catalogue of the Reptiles inhabiting the Peninsula Burma, Including the whole of Indo-Chinese Sub-Region: Vol II. of India. Journal of Asiatic Society of Bengal, pp. 462–79 and 522– Sauria. Taylor and Francis, London. 34. Smith, M.A. (1943). The Fauna of British India Including Ceylon and Jins, V.J., S. Bhupathy & M. Panigrahi (2014). New record of Burma, Including the Whole of Indo-Chinese Sub-Region: Vol. III. Beddome’s Coral Snake, Calliophis beddomei Smith 1943 from the Serpentes. Taylor and Francis, London. southern Western Ghats, India. Herpetology Notes 7: 555–557. Smith, E.N., H. Ogale, V. Deepak & V.B. Giri (2012). A new species of Joseph, T. & P.S. Easa (1997). Additions to the Reptilian fauna of Silent coral snake of the genus Calliophis (Squamata: Elapidae) from the Valley. Cobra.27: 31–33. west coast of peninsular India. Zootaxa 3437: 51–68 Manamendra-Arachchi, K., S. Batuwita & R. Pethiyagoda (2007). Thomas, J., J. Sabu & P.S. Easa (1997). Status and distribution of A taxonomic revision of the Sri Lankan day-Geckos (Reptilia: reptiles in Wayanad, Kerala. Cobra 28: 25–30. Gekkonidae: Cnemaspis), with description of new species from Sri Srinivasulu, C., B. Srinivasulu & S. Molur (Compilers) (2014). The Lanka and southern India. Zeylanica 7(1): 9–122. 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8020 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 17 November 2015 | 7(13): 8010–8022 Reptiles of Kerala Palot

Image 1. Ahaetulla perroteti Image 2. Ahaetulla pulverulenta

Image 3. Boiga ceylonensis Image 4. Calliophis bibroni

Image 5. Oligodon brevicauda Image 6. Trimeresurus macrolepis

Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 17 November 2015 | 7(13): 8010–8022 8021 Reptiles of Kerala Palot

Image 7. Uropeltis rubromaculatus Image 8. Calotes grandisquamis

Image 9. Salea anamallayana Image 10. Calotes ellioti

Image 11. Indotestudo travancorica Image 12. Vijayachelys silvatica

Threatened Taxa

8022 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 17 November 2015 | 7(13): 8010–8022