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The Muscles of the Upper Extremity - a Visual Guide - Anatomy & Physiology I BIOL 121

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The Muscles of the Upper Extremity - a Visual Guide - Anatomy & Physiology I BIOL 121 The Muscles of the Upper Extremity - A Visual Guide - Anatomy & Physiology I BIOL 121 Rob Swatski Assistant Professor of Biology HACC - York Campus Frontalis Draws back scalp, wrinkles forehead, 2 raises eyebrows Frontalis 3 Occipitalis Draws back scalp, wrinkles forehead 4 Auricularis anterior Moves 5 the ear Orbicularis oculi Closes eyelids; used in blinking, winking, and 6 squinting Orbicularis oculi 7 Zygomaticus major Draws angles of mouth upward and outward; major muscle used in smiling 8 and laughing Zygomaticus major 9 Zygomaticus major 10 Orbicularis oris Closes and protrudes lips; the "kissing muscle“; used in whistling and forming many letters 11 during speech Orbicularis oris 12 Risorius Draws angles of mouth laterally; used 13 in grinning Depressor anguli oris (Triangularis) Draws angles of mouth downward and laterally when opening mouth; used in 14 frowning Depressor anguli oris (Triangularis) 15 Buccinator Draws angles of mouth laterally; compresses cheek; used to create sucking 16 action Mentalis Elevates and protrudes lower lip; 17 used in pouting Platysma Draws down lower lip and angles of mouth; tenses skin of the neck; 18 helps depress mandible http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Platysma.png Masseter Elevates mandible when chewing and slightly 19 protracts it Masseter 20 Temporalis Elevates, retracts, and assists in side-to-side movement of mandible 21 Genioglossus Protracts and 22 depresses tongue http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Genioglossus.png Styloglossus Retracts and 23 elevates tongue http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Styloglossus.png Stylohyoid Retracts and elevates 24 the hyoid bone http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Musculi_colli_stylohyoideus.svg Sternocleidomastoid Contraction of one side: laterally flexes neck, rotates head to opposite side Contraction of both sides together: flexes neck 25 Sternocleidomastoid 26 Semispinalis capitis Extends head and rotates it to opposite side 27 Splenius capitis Extends and hyperextends head; Contraction of only one side laterally flexes and rotates head and neck 28 Splenius capitis 29 Trapezius Elevates, depresses, retracts, and rotates scapula; 30 rotates arm Trapezius 31 Trapezius 32 Latissimus dorsi Extends, adducts, and medially rotates arm; draws shoulder downward and 33 backward Latissimus dorsi 34 Pectoralis major Adducts and medially rotates arm; flexes and 35 extends humerus Pectoralis major 36 Serratus anterior Abducts and protracts scapula 37 Serratus anterior 38 Deltoid Flexes, medially rotates, and abducts arm 39 Coracobrachialis Flexes and adducts humerus 40 Coracobrachialis 41 Supraspinatus Abducts arm; stabilizes head of humerus in glenoid cavity; one of the "rotator cuff" muscles 42 Infraspinatus Laterally rotates shoulder; stabilizes head of humerus in glenoid cavity; one of the "rotator cuff" muscles 43 Teres minor Laterally rotates arm; one of the "rotator cuff" muscles 44 Teres major Medially rotates and adducts arm 45 Biceps brachii Flexes and supinates forearm 46 Biceps brachii 47 Brachialis Flexes elbow 48 Triceps brachii Extends forearm 49 Triceps brachii 50 Anconeus Extends forearm and stabilizes elbow joint 51 Anconeus 52 Brachioradialis Flexes elbow 53 Pronator teres Pronates forearm and assists in flexing elbow 54 Flexor carpi radialis Flexes wrist and abducts hand 55 Palmaris longus Flexes wrist 56 Flexor carpi ulnaris Flexes and adducts wrist 57 Extensor carpi radialis longus Extends wrist and abducts hand 58 Extensor digitorum Extends fingers and wrist 59 External intercostals Elevates rib cage 60 Internal intercostals Draws ribs together and depresses rib cage 61 Pectoralis minor Elevates 3rd-5th ribs during forced inspiration 62 Diaphragm Flattens on contraction, increasing volume of thorax during 63 inspiration External oblique Compresses abdomen; laterally flexes and rotates vertebral column 64 External oblique 65 Internal oblique Compresses abdomen; laterally flexes and rotates vertebral column 66 Transversus abdominis Constricts abdomen and supports abdominal viscera 67 Transversus abdominis 68 Rectus abdominis Compresses abdominal cavity and flexes vertebral column 69 Quadratus lumborum Flexes lumbar region of vertebral column laterally to the same side; stabilizes and extends lumbar 70 vertebrae Quadratus lumborum 71 Spinalis group of erector spinae 72 Extends vertebral column http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Spinalis.png Longissimus group of erector spinae Extends and laterally flexes vertebral column 73 Iliocostalis group of erector spinae Extends and laterally flexes 74 vertebral column http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Longissimus.png Levator ani Forms floor of pelvic cavity; assists in 75 defecation http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Levator_ani.png Anconeus: 51-52 Occipitalis: 4 Auricularis anterior: 5 Orbicularis oculi: 6-7 Biceps brachii: 46-47 Orbicularis oris: 11-12 Brachialis: 48 Palmaris longus: 56 I Brachioradialis: 53 Pectoralis major: 35-36 Buccinator: 16 Pectoralis minor: 62 Coracobrachialis: 40-41 Platysma: 18 Deltoid: 39 Pronator teres: 54 Depressor anguli oris: 14-15 Quadratus lumborum: 70-71 Diaphragm: 63 N Rectus abdominis: 69 Extensor carpi radialis longus: 58 Risorius: 13 Extensor digitorum: 59 Semispinalis capitis: 27 External intercostals: 60 Serratus anterior: 37-38 External oblique: 64-65 Spinalis group of erector spinae: 72 Flexor carpi radialis: 55 Splenius capitis: 28-29 D Flexor carpi ulnaris: 57 Sternocleidomastoid: 25-26 Frontalis: 2-3 Styloglossus: 23 Genioglossus: 22 Stylohyoid: 24 Iliocostalis group of erector spinae: 74 Supraspinatus: 42 Infraspinatus: 43 Temporalis: 21 E Internal intercostals: 61 Teres major: 45 Internal oblique: 66 Teres minor: 44 Latissimus dorsi: 33-34 Transversus abdominis: 67-68 Levator ani: 75 Trapezius: 30-32 Longissimus group of erector spinae: 73 Triceps brachii: 49-50 Masseter: 19-20 X Zygomaticus major: 8-10 Mentalis: 17 Credits All photographs and labels by Rob Swatski, 2009-2010 Visit my website for more Anatomy study resources! http://robswatskibiology.wetpaint.com http://www.flickr.com/photos/rswatski Comments? Feedback? Please email me at [email protected] This work bears an Attribution-Noncommercial Share Alike Creative Commons license. 77.
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