Newfrointersofth028563mbp.Pdf

1 37 466 NEW FRONTIERS OF THE MIND WI ST IH i ^ Kl iUll i'il : IUM, %mH\\ J |i i , fit K* \ VIKStn, IIII l*\U Vl'Stt lit*! <**\ iUu^\3iii\'t i lUftU lUHHi SI III 4*\ iiff l fvt U |,UNtn Mi NEW FRONTIERS OF THE MIND TI IE STORY OF THE DUKE EXPERIMENTS By J. B. RHINE Author of EXTRA-SENSORY PERCEPTION WITH PHOTOGRAPHS FARRAR k RINEHART Toronto CONTENTS Chapter Ht A FUNDAMENTAL QUESTION REOPENED 3 II FROM EXPERIENCES TO EXPERIMENTS 9 III HALF A CENTURY OF RESEARCH 23 IV Ti *E START or THE DUKE EXPERIMENTS 40 * V THE FIRST HIGH SCORING 57 VI FURTHER ADVANCES 90 VII THE FIRST SERIOUS CRITICISM 112 .'HI I* IT SENSORY OR EXTRA-SENSORY? 122 IX THE WORK OF OTHER LABORATORIES 135 X THK IN* VIATICATION OF PURE Tf*U:t*ATHY 158 XI THK G*;NI:KAL MENTAL SETTING 174- XII PHYSICAL Ri LATIONSHIPS 189 CHI WHO HAS ExtJUrSKNSORY PERCEPTION? 216 CIV THIS MAOBAC, 229 XV THE PROOLFM OF TIME 253 CVI FROM Now ON 267 ADDITIONAL READING 275 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Facing Page The Duke Parapsychology Laboratory Frontispiece /A-iwr and KSP test cards 48 Telepathy card testing 60 I luluTt Pearce and the author conducting an KSP test 82 Shuffling fax and ESP cards 120 Biimi-RMtchhtj; test 146 Sc rccncd touch matching 152 MM KJIM Ownlwy as agent in a distance telepathy test 1<S2 Mr. Ciwrj^,' Zirkk' as percipient in a distance 2 telepathy test ^ tests for Tltir bttiklinypi where distance ESP wcw conducted 20<J 218 CChildren taking s matching test 24^ Ojfvn matching 274 KSP test cards and score pad This book owes its final form to so many hands that I could not call it mine without acknowledg- ing tb? debt 1 owe to those who have helped me tnakf it. The text itself -will, I hope, make clear it fait a great part my co-workers have played in tf.v research // describes. Jut the early stages of the Duke experiments* when Mp was most needed, it came unsparingly and generously not alone from m\ IT//*', Dr. Louisa E. Rhine, but from my col- Awfm'i. Professor William McDougall, Dr. Helge l.iinJbolm, and Dr. Karl E. Zener. Mr. C. Stuart, Dr. /. C. Pratt, and Professor and Mrs. (.rfwjte Zirklf, all of whom participated as assist- ant* itt t/jf first years of work, contributed a great ft) */, and my obligation to them is acknowl- fr'J with gratitude. There K a small group of silent partners who contributed /fa funds which tnaintain the value this present staff of our laboratory. The of timely aid is very $reat, and if is acknowledged for? uith the most profound gratitude. Withovt i<ur//ww tbtw donors have preferred to remain In the actual preparation of the text of this hook and to I am particularly obligated to my wife my *'<vr/4rv, Mist Miriam Wickesser. To numerous otfcr friends I owe many valuable $uggesthm. /. B. JR. Be*et>> Indiana NEW FRONTIERS F T H E MIND CHAPTER I A fundamental Question Reopened fil'HIND SEVEN YEARS OF PATIENT WORK, BY A number of people, work of which this book is the essential story, lies a question very simple to phrase but extremely hard to answer: As human beings, what arc we? What is our place in nature? Man's first attempts to make clear to himself his own position in the universe gave rise to the various primitive religions. Later, with the development of culture, came the many speculative philosophies, theories concocted by the reason out of the tissues of untested logic, Within times historically recent we have advanced to surer ways of finding out the truth, 10 those devices for answering questions known at the methods of science. In this more secure approach we rely upon neither the prooflcss revela- tion of the primitive priest nor the unverified specu- lation of the ancient philosopher. Science has long been dosing in on the great cen- tra! question o the nature of man himself. Centuries *? <tuJy have enabled it to penetrate the secrets of hi? internal anatomic structure and the intricate functions of blood, glands, and brain, Step by step as it grew, science has been encircling the problems of 4 xrw FROXTH'RS or mr r.nvn man's bodily nature, his evolutionary origin, his heredity and environment* and even the fundamental physics and chemistry of his make-up. But in spite of the brilliant intellects which have been brought to bear on it during a hundred >v,m of psychologic research* one question About our fundamental nature remains conspicuously un- solved. It is the greatest of all pu/zlc* aNmt the nature of man: What is the human mind? XHierc docs it belong* if anywhere, in ihc scheme of our knowledge as a whole? 2 The mind is still a mystery. Among the mm ami women mmt qualified to speak of it* character there is little general afpcrment, Ai as this holds true, the mt of u* arc in the dark ahmit what and where we arc in the untvew 01 reality, For it is by what we arc mentally even more than by what we arc bodily that we identify and rc ourselves* 1 am driven to H'iievg ihat the mmt urj;cni km of our t)i*ilUi*utm'd and flounJvrinK HVÎV it t* fmti out more about what we arc, in 0fi}#r f ** dl*^ cover what we can do ahmtt the nfiuikm in w}?i<fi we exist tocfoy. In the cotuluct pf aur jvrvû! andl our grmip affair** our varbu* outward liven, wjf rcco^ni/e more ant! m**r the no?d profoundcr kind nf iclt'-knowkdgr tlttft ny mer age hat hid, Until we know more afc*mi A FUNDAMENTAL QUESTION IUEOPENED f selves we must recognize that we are moving for- ward blindly in a world whose patterns are con- stantly more complex and hazardous. Yet if a century of investigation by hundreds of able minds has left the nature of the mind still so profoundly obscure, it is not easy to go on hoping that heating the same pathways of research even for another hundred years will bring us to the goal This unluppy prospect compels us to look for some al- ternative, to seek out a new approach, perhaps one that in an earlier day it was easier to overlook* If the recognized and the usual in our search have so far failed us, it is time to turn, in the matter of our method, to the wwrccognixcd and the ftgusuaL In the history of more than one branch of research a long- unrccogni/cd phenomenon has turned out to be the key 10 a great discovery* The stone which a hasty science rejected has sometimes become the corner- stone of its beer structure. It h long been a common assumption among the Icjrned that nothing enters the human mind ac- cept: by way of the senses* The organs of sight and hearing, of taste and smell, and the other "receiv- ing station*'* in the skin and deeper tissues are the %ok mean* by which we can perceive what is going on in the world outside ourselves. According to this long-unquationcd doctrine there is no way of di- 6 NEW FRONTIERS OF Tiff MIND rect communication between one mind and another and no possible means by which reality can he **^* pcrienccd except through th<r recognized channel* of sense. So the mind i< believed to he geared to the organs and they in turn to the meclunic.il about us. The energy of light nuke* vision mechanical vibration is the bash of hearing, and on. The hunuimind i 1 the complex chain of mechanical'""*"' principle**" Icar- ,,?.*. .,. ***"- , ^^r,-, t ; "--; ,*' ;'**-**% mg for example, begins with a ^nrsot *ottm! w.ivei which the vjrkus links r/ mechanical principle in the ear transform to nerve impulse** Tlu* nrrvr% thumêlves^ and the brain, are An elal^rau* ivin> and RO ultimately we hear. The more ca! energy there happens tr* be in the from which the sound h prtHJuc^J. the more we hear, It m a lawful and quantitative rrtiibn* Starting, then, with the attumptkw that the rcc* ogntxed senê^ are the only port* nf fei*^wJr4%r the conviction has grown upim mmt at * that min4 t^$ubkct to the law* vi ifa nî many* fSnpI "the infinitely c0cnpliVatrl uf the brain *ulke in c^pbin tlwr and myn^ric^ *>t m^nui life. A* i <]ucncc of this trcru) of Umu^Ht, man hmncl? cunte to be regarded m a vaxdy &fnp)icairdl ma* chine admittedly unc that i* cunîm** ot* and ahout which imny thingi arc nil) myit?mt we like it or mn, our fint pri4*!cm >.% A FUNDAMENTAL QUESTION REOPENED 7 5eule the truth or error of this doctrine, and face the truth when it is ultimately established. Apparently the only way the question can be Jccided is to find out whether or not the recognized senses are the* only channels through which the mind can perceive, Suppose we assume for a mo- ment that they are not. Suppose, to use another figure, the old frontiers of the mind that bound it by the limits of the recognized senses are not the true limits of the human personality in its universe* If we could prove this clearly and beyond dispute, if we could free the mind from the absolute restric- tions of the mechanism of the senses, the effect upon the science of the mind psychology and upon man's whole view of himself would be almost too great to conjecture.

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