Canadian Golfer, February, 1934

_ SARE:MSo A CANAD IAN FEBRUARY 1934

Vol. XIX N o. 11

Ordinarily one might think that s now covered fairways mean little work f or golf executives. On the contrary it is during the winter months that our D ominion and Provincial associations s olve the many and perplexing problems that confront them and complete their plans for the coming season, Too m uch thanks cannot be given these

nothing-a-year men and golfers and club officials should whole-heartedly support their every endeavour and do pre, all possible to maketheir task an easier . one,

RTATM ‘w a wed.«

CENTER OF THE WINTERTIME WORLD The Most AMATING VACATION Ever Conceived

/ Nchallenge to the future—this audac- ing grounds — an exhilarating journey ious vacation plan of the Miami Biltmore! along the quiet inland waters and colorful Offering more than sumptuous living in tropic shores of southern Florida. Your one of the world’s greatest hotels, the saving in local transportation costs alone Miami Biltmore announces a policy of will offset a major portion of your hotel guest entertainment, privileges and special bill. Moreover, this service brings the courtesies that has NEVER been equalled Miami Biltmorecloser to all resort interests ANYWHERE. As a guest of the hotel you than anyother hotel. are entitled to a COMPLETE VACATION On the hotelestate itself is the 18-hole —whether you spend the winter or a few golf course ... completely worked over weeks. No matter what yourtastes in sports for this year’s play ... with a staff of five and social diversions, in vacation relax- celebrated pros: GENE SARAZEN, ation or holiday excitements, you can DENNY SHUTE, MIKE BRADY, LOUIS indulge them at their best in the Miami COSTELLO and NED EVERHART. Also, Biltmore plan. two outdoor pools where weekly When you register in this “Center of aquatic carnivals are held ... including the Wintertime World” the gates are National Olympic Stars Meet and Atlantic opened to you to all the important resort Seaboard A. A. U. Meet. On the tennis pleasures of this world-famous playground courts, brilliant play every day .. . nat- . many of which can be enjoyed only ional tournaments ... professional coach. at the Miami Biltmore . .. social functions In the Miami Biltmore stables—mounts for of national distinction .. . sports events expert or beginner . ... veterinarian, groom of national and international interest. and blacksmith services ... guests’ horses For example, as a patron of the hotel, boarded without cost! One of the climaxes you are extended full privileges in the of the season will be the National Horse Florida Year Round Clubs .. three mag- Show. And for the fisherman, poloist, race nificent sports centers—the MiamiBiltmore enthusiast or any other hobby-rider, the Country Club, the Roney Plaza Cabafa Biltmore program provides plenty of daily Sun Club at Miami Beach and the Key fun. Largo Anglers Club down onthe Florida The social schedule, too elaborate to “keys” enumerate in detail, varies from such An extraordinary economy — and a informal affairs as chowder parties to service which expands your enjoyment to sumptuous costumeballs ... with nightly the entire Miami resort area—is the trans- jollity of dance orchestras and Broadway portation system operating from the Miami entertainers. Biltmore and serving all units of the Despite its additional services and Florida Year Round Clubs. Without extra privileges, the Miami Biltmore has not expense, you ride by aerocar to the races, increased its sensible tariff rates! dog tracks, downtown shoppingandtheater Acquaint yourself with this amazing districts. Or fly by autogiro to Miami vacation offer, and you will agree et Beach! Or scoot by sea-sled down Biscayne seasonedtravelers that it is the best “buy” Bay to Key Largo and the celebrated fish- in the whole resort world!

Open October 28th to June 30th For information, literature and reservations address hotel direct or sce your travel agent MIAMI BILTMORE CO" R, Ame G Ax BE E-S FE rk @:R D A

1 CanapiAN Go.trer—— February, 1934

From Well-Dressed England Come the Styles in Flannel —

.... Somehow DEACON bad- TRAVEL minton blazers WISE characterize that casual spirit of

@ Whenyouvisit New York, make The English smart 4 Ambassador your home.It long has been ; | ness. | | the ultimate choice of discriminating | families. ‘| a4 The experienced traveller knows that his stay will be most enjoyable because here, he is assured of every comfort. He | |

appreciates the central location of The re Ambassadorasit is in close proximity to GledetiMed ie meceure. £60 he th d hops Sey Blin rca cate ener: ahhape. both men and ladies, in individual club The excellence of the cuisine is known colors with silk embroidered crests, the world over. DEACON blazers embody that “cor- Whether you plan to spend a week or rect feeling” so pleasing to the wearer. a day in New York, you may be sure a Ask to see a DEACONsample blazer most cordial welcome awaits you. at any of Canada’s leading stores, or Rates $5 up write for samples. The Deacon Sportswear Co.

AM BASSADOR BELLEVILLE, ONT. Theo. Kroell, General Manager

PARK AVENUEe 5Ist to 52nd Streets e NEW YORK

9 Canapian Goirer— February, 1934 AMERICA’S PUN cae OCEAN *E RIO NT TEAL

Because it values the enviable remain the same, while many phy- position it enjoys in the playlife of sical improvements have been made those who cherish a taste for good to enhance the high standards of living and have the means to in- guest comfort, extraordinaryser- dulge it.. because it appreciates vice and brilliant social life which that a keen sense of values is in- have made it famous. variably the companion of good taste ...the Roney Plaza has Open from November 15th to declined to permit the bright out- May Ist. look for better times to influence its tariff schedule. For literature, information, and reservations address the hotel direct Rates this year at the Roney or see your travel agent.

Open from November 15th to May 1st For literature, information and reservations write or wire direct to the hotel or see your travel agent. » TONEY PUMA eeerrmeeesinteneeeneens nnisitineiiiiiait icici Canapian Gorrer— February, 1934

Canadian Golfer

MONTREAL TORONTO

922 Victoria Sq. 57 Queen St. West Phone MAR 8939 Phone WA 3105 Vol. XIX FEBRUARY, 1934 No. CONTENTS Pack ¥p Feu Gok Kit and come to BERAAUDA

BELMONT MANOR Where golf privileges and unex- Editorial—Match Play GOLF & COUNTRY celled service and cuisine may be enjoyed by guests at these hotels, esident, by William CLUB R. C. G. A. Appoint G. H. Forster Pr beautifully situated, overlooking the S. Taylor 6 A. P.. Thompson, Mgr. water. All outdoor sports, under ideal conditions, in a glorious INVERURIE HOTEL The New Rules Explained, by W. J. Thompson 8 climate. Geo. A. Butz, Mgr. For literature and tariff, consult A. Barker, President P.Q.G.A. 9 L. FRASCATI HOTEL any Travel Agent or the mana- gers direct, Artificial Watering and its Benefits to turf Maintenance, & GOLF CLUB by Robert Trent Jones 10 Geo. North, Mgr. BERMUDA HOTELS INCORPORATED There is a Proper Method, by Bob Cunningham 10 Short Putts, by Ralph Reville 12

Fine Turf Maintenance, by O. J]. Noer 13

P.Q.G.A. Official Handicaps 14 O, G. A. Provincial Handicaps 15

Jots from Canadian Golfing World, by T. High 17 CONVENIENCE Ontario Golf Association Headed, by W. J. Thompson 22 Wshin one square of the magnificent Rockefeller Radio City (New York’s latest show place) the shopping center on Fifth Subscriptions for Canada, $3.00 a year. United States and other countries $4.00 Avenue sector; adjacent Single copies 25« to Grand Central Station Changes of address should be sent in well in advance (45th Street and Madison The magazine is entered as second class mail at the Post Office in Gardenvale, Que Ave. entrance) close to the theatrical section at

Times Square.

T—— e

The ALPINE INN HOTEL NEW WESTON for every winter sport Skiing over wonderful trails ENVIRONMENT: Offers 700 rooms with an indescribable varie- Ski-joring — Skating — Tobogganing ty of luxurious also simple furnishings, convenience and outlook; Riding — Bob-Sleighing — popular restaurant. A Championship Ski Jump

Plan to visit the Laurentians regularly this winter. TARIFF: A trifle lower than at other neighborhood hotels. At- These great hills are now a year round play-ground tractive weekly discounts. offering healthful recreation. The Alpine Inn is the popular rendez-vous, and naturally so, because this attractive log chalet offers every convenience as well HOSPITALITY: Thousands of pleased guests inform us they ex- is its wide variety of activity and amusement perience a sense of unobtrusive courtesy and consideration ex- Splendid Cuisine and Accommodation tended them by the employees which is not often found away from Rooms with running water and private baths. their own home. Forliterature, particulars and reservations write or phone The ALPINE INN Ste. Marguerite Station, Que. (C. P. R.) | 50™ $7. at_MadisonAve or Phone 24

——

CanapiaN GoLFerR— February, 1934

Canadian Golf Courses of Distinction

Banff Springs Hotel

Jasper Park Lodge

Seigniory Club Course Royal York Hotel A scene from the Seigniory Club Course By THOMPSON-JONES AND COMPANY TORONTO, ONT. ROCHESTER, N: Y-

So You’re J

Q Going To R Montreal!

Take these tips PARTRIDGE INN for a good time

AUGUSTA, GEORGIA Join the famous visitors at the Mount Royal. Your next door neighbors will be the smart shops .. . and 125 RoomsandPrivate Baths the best theatres. The Mount Royal is the natural Season — NovemberFirst to MayFirst headquarters for both sight-seers and businessmen. Then let Marcil Thomas, the Maestro of Chefs, Every Comfort at Lower Rates Also Near New Augusta Than Ever Before show whythis French, English .. . and American Homelike. Cheerful. Comfortable National Golf Course — cuisine is the toast of the town. «nd Modern. Unique Establishment. “urnishing the Maximum in At- The Golfers Paradise The Mount Royal Dinner and Supper Dances are tractive Accommodations and Fine POLO — Four Polo Fields. Games at the height of their popularity. Table. Sundays and Several Times-During the Week. THREE BLOCKS FROM AUGUSTA COUNTRY CLUB Attractive Features of the Inn Electric Elevator ground floor to NEW LOW RATES Two 18-hole Golf Courses the Sun Parlor on the Roof. Sunny, attractive dining room, white serv- Single rooms with baths (Grass Greens) ice. Lobby and Sun Parlor 50 by $3.00 and up Club House with Improved Facil- 160 feet, with two large open fire- Double rooms with baths $6.00 and up ities Available to Guests of the Inn. places. Suites $10.00 and up For the Past Twenty Years the Leading Golf Center of the South- Rates as low as $5.00 a day land. American Plan. ILLUSTRATED FOLDERS AND FULL INFORMATION, WRITE OR WIRE, PARTRIDGE INN, AUGUSTA,GA.

Editorial Board— CANADIAN GOLFER Head Office: H. R. PICKENS,Jr. 922 VICTORIA SQUARE MONTREAL RALPH H. REVILLE On March 8th “Canadian Golfer’, Brantford, Ontario, established 1915, J. A. CAMERON was taken over by “Golf & Sports Illustrated”, Montreal, established 1926, and the merged publication is carrying on as “Canadian Golfer.” Toronto Office: STUART KEATE WILLIAM D. TAYLOR 57 QUEEN STREET WEST Managing Editor Offictal Organ of

THE PROVINCE OF QUEBEC GOLF ASSOCIATION THE EASTERN TOWNSHIPS GOLF ASSOCIATION THE CANADIAN LADIES’ GOLF UNION, QUEBEC BRANCH THE MONTREAL PROFESSIONAL GOLFERS’ ALLIANCE CANADIAN SENIOR WOMEN’S GOLF ASSOCIATION Officials of the Officials of the Royal Canadian Golf Canadian Ladies’ Golf Union, Quebec Branch. Association Officials of the Mrs. Thomas Arnold, Hon. President G. H. Forster, President Province of NQeumebec Golf Mrs. L. S.3 Kell; y, President . E. C. Gould, Ont. Vice-President East Association. Mrs. W. S. Lighthall, Ist Vice-Pres. : ; i Mrs. C. MdeR Finniss, 2nd Vice-Pres. R. Jacob, K.C., Man. Vice-President West I B. L. Anderson, Sec.-Treas. Miss F. J. Sharpe, 3rd Vice-Pres, Harry Ww Maxson, Country Club, Ernest Savard, Chairman of the Inter- are bg mi Parrane ; i : z al ttee, Laval-sur-le- rs. H. L. Burrow, Hon. Treasurer Executive Committee Honorary president PARR As eaerce ner Pea eed Mrs. J. Pembroke, Handicap Manager L. W. Barker, President, Kanawaki. J. I. Rankin, Chairman of the Parring Mrs. H, I. Nelson, Tournament Man W. S. Charlton J. I. Rankin, Vice-President, Beacons- — Committee, Beaconsfield. Mrs. A. B. Darling, Pars Com, O. S. Leigh, Spencer. field. Directors: L. P. DesRivieres, Quebec; : ; Major J. D. Gunn, Sask A. C. Bethune, Ottawa; B. N. Hol- Presidents Three Geo. L. Robinson P. H. Walker, Honorary Secretary- sham: Sherbrooke (ic R | Pickens: ‘ j : A. W. White, Ont. Treasurer, Kanawaki, Marlborough; K3UG le Blackader, Mrs. G, W. McKimmie Mrs, Pierre Casgrain eo.) Bs MUrPByace: Dr. A. S. Lamb, Chairman of the handi- Royal Montreal; W. H. Paul, Isles- MrsieGardane Miler adacta? sae. cap Committee, Senneville mere; J. L. Wilson, Firest Hills; F. L. Lewis, Maritimes. Officials of the Z Montreal Professional a Officials of the ADVISa ORYr BOARD gpa 2Golfierfs Allii ance . ior Women’s Go » R, Pickens, Hon. President Can ai f aoe Litep aan Vice-President . MR. GEO. H. FORSTER MR. C, ROSSanesSOMEsReaV?ILLE. Ace. ! P. MecHaPrhliowe,icnS!ec.G-Tirnneas. aa 74 .#F, , ptain Lady Bessborough, Honorary Patroness Vice-President U. S. Amateur MR. GEO, L. ROBINSON Robt. Burns, Vice-Captain Mrs. . , E Mussen Montreal, Presi- R.C.G.A. Champion 1982 President 0.G.A dent and Founder C reer ene Directors: Mrs. Arthur Miles, Toronto, Vice-Pres MR. ALFRED COLLYER MR. L. W. BARKER D Mrs. W. Garth Thomson, Montreal Past President President P.Q.G.A ah ae eh ra 1. A. W. Mitchell G. Malcolm . retary-Treasurer G.A LEY PSON Hon Sec , 7 RR..CC..G.A. ; : J MR. STAN THOM i. maH, cesMa;her J. R. Smith ae vouene Veteran Assoc. o1 Se MR. C. C. FRASER Golf Architect KON Meno Mrastis ar ee manneanee , eur Jos. Dagenais GH tare H Barlow, Presiden MR. EARLEO. TURNER Former Amat M Ena : Taylor nas, urray Maritime Executive Champion M yu L S. TSaenNiorartWe omeEngs Assoc A. Whipp Jas. Patterson ae yd ? Wm. Whyte Geo. Houle Honorary Members

“Match Play”

HE recent decisions by the United States Golf Association game of golf, furnishes such extensive possibilities for skill, in- ie the Royal Canadian Golf Association to adopt the “All terest and adventure, that it should naturally be more popular. Match Play” method, now used by the British in settling an In match play the contest becomes a conflict of man against Amateur championship, will certainly tend to make this con- man, the original and old love, and not one against that ever tinent “match play” conscious. The present tendency towards stubborn and monotonously perfect opponent, “old manpar.” medal play tournaments on this side of the Atlantic will mean These meetings in sporting contests present the possibilities for that it will be some time before match play tournaments do the development of lasting friendships, personal interest, and grow into general prominence, but there will automatically conversation which after all are probably the greatest contribu- be a general movement in this direction which will have far tions that golf can give to any devotee. The uncertainty of reaching influence on the general tournament play in the coun- what one’s opponent may dobrings interest to every shot, and try. The effect of match play on the game of golf is most in- the fact that a decision, one way or the other, can be reached teresting, and if we are to take the present outlook of the at the completion of every hole naturally results in maintained British towards their game of golf, as an example of this in- interest during the entire round. The fact that each hole be- fluence, we may look forward with expectations to the de- comes a contest of its own, presents the opportunity for ad- yelopment of the British spirit in this country. Match play is venture, without therisk of too severe a penalty, thereby bring- an institution in the Royal and Ancient pastime that has con- ing out the best in a player. It is commonfor us to hear it said tributed muchto the tradition of golf, and which as it becomes that a player is very strong at match play and does not show the more general mode of play, will continue to contribute to up in medal contest. We do not wish to discourage in any way the enjoyment and interest of the player. Scotland, the birth the natural necessity for caution and accuracy required in place of golf, and match play, has handed down to the coun- medal play contests, and also a form of match play, but the tries all over the world the governing laws in connection with general observation of golf and golfers in the Old Country, is the game, and from past experience can do well to allow this that they take their games less seriously, and are at all times noble group of sportsmen to continue to influenceits affairs. playing the shot in question as it should be played, ‘rather Because of the natural trend of the times which calls for than serious concentration on obtaining perfect results. the successful completion of much in a short time, golf in this The spirit of the British which seems to be an automatic country has developed along lines which show a natural prefer- development from their general preference for match play ence to medal play. Large fields gather for play in limited does create a more sporting attitude rather than the serious hours, and the natural solution is to set them all out on the business like complex which is so often apparent among players course in a contest with old man par, the winner being the on this side of the water. The possibility that Canada will read- player who can closest equal this stubborn opponent, without ily develop and acquire this British attitude is natural to ex- or with his medal play handicap. In continuing to develop this pect, as golf in our country has not grown out ofits rightful form of golf contest, the movement has been so gradual that place as a sport and into a business. it was not realized that match play was gradually sliding into It, therefore, evolves upon our golfing executives to study the background. their tournament programmes in endeavour to find, for time Match , play or any kind of contest, is the result of man’s Bere match play, a more generous place on our golfiing cal- natural desire to compete, and as the method of play in the endars.

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i r h s o n n p t h R e 1 r a n d a t g o i t a e k i f n c s i d e a p o l y a y r s l a o e t n s i j l o e e t 8 a t r n h ff i s h l h m a a n r D t B - i t c e r r i I u i w t b y

h n a d . t p r b r n c i t t o o A i M e e L o n ’ ’ rr h . g a t l o N r n e l . t y t o o w s n e h e a e e r . i C i

t n o e h r A e e g u d m u x i r n s S t e W g w h ff a s e i h t g i o f m t ll e k i , d a c s g t n i s . l e d G t e i m ee e h p e a r c . s c p d e h i e r R l l c e n u . ee 1 W f t v i e

e t s s u r i i G e e p e c e r i t h e p i i S a l e , n c i e n s o w h e e W n 3 F h h o n t x g e b n g a d n b M s o e c e l k u t x n V u l a ss n a R m t 1 g r f d t h b t e t d h t . c r a e p i n r e t a A e e p e d , . t a i e c i a t o y c p nn p C T h o e o y s i e s s r 9 e k a c o r i a i t i M e i t t m t S i s y o n c e c y u a e i c t l s t t n s H o n ” e u b n e o h n n h o n r h o m u c r a 3 n e o e t v o e u r e g u s r e t o n a n h i a t h h P t i . t i n n - d - e . , a . - - - t g a o g - - n n e . e , h f m h - o r n w t d r , - t , - 4 - - s - d f - . e o g y , n e e o s a s CanapiaAn GoLFrer— February, 1934 - vice-presidency materially aided the retiring president and has match on Saturday. The financial result of the Tournament was already set in motion the workings of his organization for the therefore satisfactory. On behalf of the Association and on becoming year. Mr. Jackson’s detailed report which should be half of the visiting members of the Executive and players I wish read by every golfer is reproduced herewith, along with other again to express our very sincere thanks for the many courtesies important extractions from other papers which were submitted that were shown to us and for the very valuable assistance we to the meeting. received throughout the Tournament, which made it such a success and the visit of everyone so enjoyable. Onlooking back at the Tournament, one cannot but realize Report of the President Dec. 31, 1933 submitted to the the advantages that accrue to the Association by holding its ps Thirty-fifth Annual Meeting of the Royal Canadian Championshi in as many different places in Canadaas is rea- sonably possible. The opportunity that is thereby afforded to Golf Association the members of the Executive and the visiting players to meet the local golf officials and to interchangeideas is of great mutual Gentlemen: benefit and cannot but help to foster the aims The report of the Secretary-Treasurer for and objects of our Association, and as well, in- the year 1933 sets out in detail the general ac- crease the co-operation that now exists between tivities of the Association. I wish to review the Provincial Associations and our body. I am briefly some of the problems that have come be- deeply indebted to Mr. Plant, Mr. Jacob and fore your Executive during the year. Mr. Martin who accompanied me to Vancouver. The presence of three other members of the Amateur Championship and Interprovincial Executive at the Championship was, I know, Match greatly appreciated by Mr. McLennan and the other local members of the Committee and their This is the third time in the history of the help and advice was invaluable. Association that the Amateur Championship has been held in Western Canada and the first time Open Championship that ic has been held in the Province of British The Secretary-Treasurer has reported fully Columbia. The success of the Tournament this MB as to the details and results of the Open Cham- year justifies the decision of the Committee in MR. E. C. GOULD pionship. In view of the representations that had fixing the venue so far distant from that part of Brantford, Ontario. been made to your Executive by the Canadian Eastern vice-president of the R.C.G.A. of Canada where the Championships are usually Professionals, it was decided to hold the Tourna- held. With the exception of the Maritimes, every ment later in the year. This new departure was Province in Canada was represented in the Interprovincial found to work out very satisfactorily, and did not in any way Match. The play was very keen and close throughout, and the reduce the number of entries from the United States. team from British Columbia are to be congratulated on win- On behalf of the Association I wish to express to the of- ning the Willingdon Cup. ficers and officials of the Royal York Club our thanks for the The Amateur Championship was played in the usual man- opportunity afforded us to hold the Tournament on their ner. The 36 hole qualifying round was played on the Monday course and for the privileges extended to the members of our following the Interprovincial Match which was played on the Executive andthe players during the playing of the Champion- preceding Saturday. There were 108 entries, which included ship. Faced with adverse weather conditions a few weeks be- 14 from the United States. The increasing number of entries fore the Championship, the Club found it necessary to go to from outside of Canada is a clear indication that our Cham- considerable extra expense in putting the course in shape. The pionship is taking a more prominent place among the major members of the Special Committee whoassisted in supervising golf tournaments. As a consequence of this the —— this work are entitled to a great deal of praise field is getting much faster. When it is realized for the satisfactory results achieved. I am_per- that there were present this year, in addition sonally indebted to Mr. Forster, who in my ab- to the outside entries, four or more of the best sence took charge of the Tournament, and to players from every Province in the Dominion, the other Eastern members of the Executive except the Maritimes, the advantages of holding whohelped him. Particular mention should also the Interprovincial Match at the same time will be made to the splendid co-operation received be fully appreciated. While it is to be regretted from the representatives of the Toronto news- that the Earl Grey cup leaves Canada for the papers before and during the Tournament. second time in its history, the winner, Scotty Campbell of Seattle, is to be highly commended Sixty Qualifiers on his play throughout the tournament. The Owing to the increased number of specta- runner-up, Ken Black of Vancouver, is also de- tors following the final day’s play, it is the feel- serving of praise for the excellent showing he ing of your Committee that after the first two made and for the efforts he put forth to keep mr. ROBT. JACOB, Winnipeg Mon. days’ play the field should be limited to the sixty the cup in Canada. Western vice-president of the R.C.G.A. players having the lowest score. This will restrict To much cannotbesaid, nor can one speak the number of matches on the final day, thereby too highly about the work of the local Committee in Vancouver providing more room on the course for the players and fa- and the officers and officials of the Shaughnessy Heights Golf cilitating the handling of the galleries. Club in preparation for and during the week of the Tourna- I would like particularly to draw your attention to the ment. When the members of your Executive arrived in Van- interest which radio broadcasting has created in Canadian Golf couver it was found that very complete arrangements had been Tournaments, Over eight thousand letters were received by our made and no detail overlooked. The success of the Tournament broadcast representative, in connection with the news broad- was, therefore, assured from the beginning. The friendliest co- casted for both the Amateur and Open Championships. These operation was extended by the officials of the British Columbia letters came from every Province in the Dominion. As well, Association and the various Clubs in Vancouver and the kind- some were received from London, Edinburgh and other places est hospitality was shown to us and to all the visiting players. in Europe, some from Mexico and South America and some Owing to the generous publicity received from the local press, even from Georgetown, British Guinea. This is an evidence that the interest taken in the games increased from day to day, and radio broadcasting serves a very interesting and useful purpose over two thousand spectators were present to witness the final in furthering interest in National Golf Tournaments. (CONTINUED ON PAGE 18)

am =

CanapIAN GoLFER— February, 1934 The New Rules Explained

A Summaryof the Changesin the Rules Recently Adopted by the R. & A., the U. S.G. A. and the R.C.G.A. as Prepared by W.J. Thompson Secretary of the Ontario Golf Association. These Rules Took Effect Jan. 1st 1934

DEFINITIONS: Rule 27. Ball in Water Hazard. Where a ball is played from the teeing ground into a water hazard, the next ball acks are now excluded No. 6. A path, a bush and all tr may be reteed and played from the teeing ground with penalty from the definition of “hazard”. of one stroke. The old rule required the ball to be dropped. No. 22. “Committee”, ‘‘Referee” and “Marker”. This defi- Subdivision 2. A ball which lies or is lost in casual water nition no longer provides for an umpire. The duties and pow- may be dropped “‘on dry ground”’. Formerly it had to be dropped ted in ers of an umpire as formerly defined are now consolida within two club lengths of the margin of the casual water. one official, a referee. A “Marker” is a scorer, not a referee. Subdivision 3. A ball in casual water on the green may e competition. A “Committee” is the committee in charge of th now beplaced “in the nearest position to where it lay”, where No. 23. A “Rub of the Green” occurs when a ball in formerly it had to be placed within two club lengths or in the motion is stopped or deflected by any agency outside the nearest position affording a clear shot to the hole. match. This definition is new, formerly being covered by Rule Rule 31. If a player on the putting green plays whenhis 17 and Stroke Rule 10. opponent should have played, the new rule requires that the GENERAL RULES: stroke “‘shall’’ be at once recalled. Formerly the word ‘“‘may” was used. This carries into effect Rule No. 1 which requires Rule 8. Dropping and Placing. When a ball is dropped it that players shall not agree to exclude the operation of any rule must come to rest not nearer the hole. If, owing to the con- or waive any penalty incurred under disqualification of both figuration of the ground, it is impossible to drop the ball with- players. out it rolling nearer the hole, it must be placed. The old rule Rule 32. This rule has been changed in several minor re- did not contain these provisions. spects; The most important thing where a player has holed Rule 9. Sub-section 2. Where the opponent’s ball has out and the opponent’s ball has come to rest, the player may moved the player’s ball in a hazard or on the putting green, knock away the opponent’s ball. This is the very opposite of the opponent has the right to place the ball as near as possible the formerrule. to the spot from which it was moved. Old rule required the ball to be dropped. STROKE RULES: Rule 11. Removal of Obstructions. This rule has been Rule No. 1. Now permits the committee to send out more substantially changed by making it more general including than two competitors at a time in a stroke competition. “bridge, bridge planking, seat, hut, shelter”. The last para- Rule No. 4. This rule prohibits practice “on the day or graph is entirely new and gives the player the right to lift and days of the competition” on the putting greens. The old rule drop, if the stroke be interfered with by an immovable ob- limited practice to the “day of the competition”. struction within two club lengths of the ball. Rule No. 8, Sub-section 2. Formerly if a player played Rule 12. Removal of Loose Impediments. Except when the two consecutive strokes with the wrong ball, he was disquali- ball lies in or touches a hazard the removal of loose impedi- fied. Now if a competitor play “one or more strokes” with a ments is now permitted even though they are more than a wrong ball he incurs a penalty of two strokes. club’s length from the ball and even if the loose impediment Rule No. 9. The penalty where a competitor’s ball strikes lies in a hazard. himself or his caddie or his club is raised from ‘“‘one” stroke to Rule 17. Moving Ball Stopped. This rule and definition 23 “two” strokes. cover the old rule except the new rule omits the instance where Rule No. 13. Where a competitor on a putting green a ball is stopped by a forecaddie. strikes the ball of his fellow-competitor the penalty is increased Rule 19. Ball Striking Player. There is added to the new from “one” to “two” strokes. rule, “forecaddies”; otherwise there is no change in substance. THE ETIQUETTE OF THE GAME: Rule 22. Lost and Unplayable Ball. The only substantial changeis that if a ball be lost or unplayable from the putting No. 3. Now requires player not to play until the party in green, the ball shall be placed and not dropped as heretofore. front is out of range. Rule 25. Hazards. There is included an entirely new pro- No. 4. Requires players to leave the putting green when vision that if any fixed steps or plank interfere with a player’s result is determined. stroke the ball may be lifted and placed as near as possible to No. 7. Requires players to fill ‘‘all holes” in a bunker, the spot where it lay in a similar lie and position without pen- where formerly No. 7 only required a player to fill all holes alty. The rule also permits the removal of any loose impediment made by himself. not in a hazard; whereas formerly only loose impediments on No. 10. Requires players at all times to play without un- the putting green could be lifted. due delay.

THE GOLFERS CALENDER This calender will be a monthly feature that will grow as dates and coarses are decided upon. Feb. 27-March 3—Ladies’ Golf Championship of Bermuda. July 24—Ontario Open at Mississauga. March 6—Belmont Manor Men’s Championship. July 24-29—U.S.P.G.A.—Park Club, Buffalo. March 13-17—Amateur Championship of Bermuda. Aug. 2-3-4—Canadian Open at Lakeview, Toronto. March 25—International team plays for Ellis Bros. Aug. 13—Interprovincial Matches at Laval-Sur-le-Lac, Montreal. May 11-12—Walker Cup—Great Britain vs USA at St. Andrews Scotland. Aug. 13—Interprovincial Matches. May 21-25—British Amateur Championship Prestwick Scotland. Aug. 27—Ontario Parent. Child tournament at Rosedale. June 1-4—British Columbia Amateur Championship, Quilchena. Aug. 31—Ontario Junior. June 13—Invitation Tournament London Hunt Club. Sept. 10-14—Canadian Ladies’ Close Championship, Scarboro. June 28-29-30—Ontario Open Amateur Championship Essex Country Club, Sept. 15—Ontario Fail Tournament at Brantford Golf Club. Sandwick, Ont. : Sept. 15—International team match for ladies’ Canada vs Great Britain July 16-17-18—Nova Scotia Amateur Championship—New Pines Course, Toronto Golf Club. Digby. Sept. 17—Canadian Ladies’ Open Tournament, Toronto Golf Club.

CANADIAN GoOLFER— February, 1934 9

L. W. Barker President Quebec Association OttawaDistrict Becoming Important Golf Centre

MR. L. W. BARKER Kanawaki Golf Club, Montreal who Executive Committee Enlarged by Two succeeds Mr. Harry Maxon as president of the P.Q.G.A. Mr. Bar- key is also an executive member of the R.C.G.A,

HE Annual General Meeting of the Province of Quebec the possibility that one of the Ottawa clubs will very likely Golf Association which is usually held in the month of be announced as the scene of one of the major title tour- March was this year moved forward to permit a joint meeting naments of the association, the spring open and amateur with the annual gathering of the Royal Canadian Golf Asso- being the likely event. Other important features which are on ciation, at which Mr. George Forster, past president of the the programmefor courses outside Montreal are the two tour- Quebec body was duly honoured bythe presidential office. naments to be held down the river from Montreal. Thefirst of The meeting of the Quebec Association was held at 5:30 these will be the first invitation tournament ever to be con- in the afternoon, and was well attended by the golfers of the ducted by the Kent Golf Links at Montmorency Falls near province. The chair was occupied by L. W. Barker, Vice-presi- Quebee City, while the second will be that regular and most dent of the association in the absence of Harry W. Maxon, interesting contest for the Manoir Richelieu Shield to be played who during his term of office was removed to New York by over the Manoir Richelieu Golf course at Murray Bayin July. his business interests. The reports which were submitted to the The handicaplist of the association has been somewhat in- meeting showed that the Quebec Association had somewhat creased, and although there are no new names included among increased its already active programme, and that the affairs the low handicap players the current list shows a decided im- of the association were again conducted in their usual efficient provement in the general play of the younger players of the manner. The reports reminded, that apart from the regular province. The financial stand of the association showed that annual tournaments which have been held in the past, of the despite the ambitious undertakings which werecarried out dur- successful accomplishment of the Quebec Association as hosts ing the past season the budget was very nearly balanced show- to the Leslie Cup matches which came to Montreal for the ing a small loss of approximately 300.00 dollars. The association first time in the history of the event, and the inclusion of two still carries a substantial surplus. well-conducted and interesting tournament field days in the Ottawa District is manifestation of the associations’ intentions The growing activity of the association has necessitated to work in the interests of all districts of the province as well the enlarging of the executive committee, and at the meeting as in Montreal. Evidence of a further extended programmealso a by-law was passed which in the future increases the executive came in the announcement that in Ottawa during 1934, four by two with a total of twelve in all. The executive slate for handicapping field day tournaments will be conducted with the coming year is listed on page 5.

Panoramic view of the Kent Golf Links at Montmorency Falls. This fine club where Jules Huot is professional will be host to Quebec tournament golfers’ for the first time when an invitation field day will be held in the middle of June

10 CanapIAN GoLFER— February, 1934 Artificial Watering and its Benefits to Turf Maintenance

By ROBERT TRENT JONES

NLYthe forceful chant of Kipling’s “Boots! Boots! Independent of Rain udent Boots!” left an impression as deep in my young st Fairway irrigation makes turf operation independent of .” For mind as “Water, water everywhere nor anydrop to drink rainfall. If rain fails, artificial irrigation will heal the broken -tom, reasons quite obvious, the line, like the beating of a tom ground, germinate young seed, and foster young grass, result- irway comes back to me as I look at a sick scorched piece of fa ing in a fine, firm turf free from criticism. in the middle of August. It is uniformly agreed that one good seeding is required cts that It seems like an oversight on the part of us archite after installing a fairway system, unless the grass is old and e up to the present time we have allowed the irrigation of th well established. After that, the annual cost of seeding will ns fairway turf to suffer from lack of a drink. But the reaso be considerably reduced. With less seed, less labor, and less till- in the past seemed logical enough until recently. ing, the ultimate saving is substantial. All clubs when they are in their embryonic stage do not ership. Therefore a water have the backing of a wealthy memb Prevents Fertilizer Loss system costing between $25,000 and $30,000 was prohibitive. That in itself was sufficient to play the part of the big bad A uniform system of watering prevents the gamble of wolf. But even clubs that could have suffered the shock of applying fertilizer. Fertilizer usually lies inert and useless until such a strain have been slow in adopting fairwayirrigation. a rainstorm comes along and produces the solution for the Primarily, this reluctance was due to an existing feeling that chemical change necessary to make the fertilizer into plant in territory with the latitudes of Canada, fairway watering food. Now if the storm happens to be a cloudburst, creating was unnecessary, and therefore any expenditure to that end ininiature rivulets, the fertilizer for the most part is washed would have beenliterally burning up money. The droughts of into low pockets, making a concentration that is undesirable.

~t be wv A] is Sele ao ra are

A beautiful example of a fairway watering unit shown in operation at the Oak Park, Country Club, Oak Park, Illinois. the past five seasons, however, have convinced us all that The fertilizer is washed from higher spots where it is needed, such a feeling is erroneous, and that irrigation is now a neces- and by accumulating in the low areas, the concentration may sity, particularly on courses which are to be honored with an be too great and cause a chemical burn. A dependable spray of important championship event. artificial watering eleminates this factor, and provides plant It really is a bit embarrassing to a designer of a high-class food in a quantity that stimulates a vigorous growth of turf. golf course to see a player like Sarazen get home with a drive and a spade on a hole 450 yards long. Furthermore, it is not Heals Turf Quickly conclusive proof that the winner would necessarily be the best Turf on a fairway subject to regular watering recovers under normal conditions. After playing over the Royal York with amazing rapidity. The soluble food in the soil is made in the Canadian Open Championship of 1933, Gene Sarazen available to the plant through the water medium. The bare said to me, “This would be one of the hardest tests of high-class spots tend to fill in, removing that unsightly, spotty appear- golf in the world if it had a fairwayirrigation system.’”’ Who ance that mars the beauty of a course, as well as eliminating is in a better position to utter such a pungent statement? the cost of trying to grow turf on pieces of fairway that seem Cost Reduced unable to makegrass thrive. Irrigation can nowbeinstalled much more economically Clay Soils than was previously thought possible, the cost now being as low as from $10,000 to $25,000 for a complete system, de- Where clay soil is the prime factor, it is the general prac- pending upon conditions. tice of greenskeepers to try to break up this undesirable con- Why, then, should we gaze upon grass burnt to the crisp- dition by perforating, discing, spiking, scarifying and other ness of toast? Besides the pleasure of seeing throughout the mechanical operations, after which a quantity of humus is whole season the rich green turf that is expected only in the added, to try to get the soil in a friable condition. With uni- months of May, June and late September, artificial irrigation form watering, the hardening and caking is decreased to a mini- has other innumerable benefits. (CONTINUED ON PAGE 24) F Canadian Go.rer— February, 1934 1] There is a Proper Method

It Can Be Learned Indoors

By BOB CUNNINGHAM

INTERpractice indoors, or any practise for that matter, acquire the proper gripping position and to practise it until it may or may not be beneficial. If one enters an indoor has become natural. Once the season has begunit is much more school merely to make a noise against canvas and continues with difficult to change one’s method of holding the club, because one’s own uncertain method, the value of winter practise will the player will almost always wish to play golf competitively almost certainly be nil, with the possible exception of the mere at the outset, the result is that one immediately goes back to keeping of the golfing muscles in order. After a few weeks on the old reliable system for a crucial shot. More and more shots the fairways again you will be just where you left off. The come into this category and just at the opening of the season golfers who are returning high scores have on the whole, many when the player should be working systematically on an ap- varied positions from whence they tryto hit the ball, and the proved and proven method, indecision and confusion sets in with results vary accordingly. Few are they who fail to envy the the automatic result that another season passes without any easy form of the good players and sigh with envy at nature’s signs of improvement. neglect of them in this particular regard. Some have learned it A most important point in this connection is that the by imitating well-known players, but nowa- professional from whomoneis receiving tui- daysit is in most cases acquired under the tui- tion knows the proper method of gripping tion of a professional, the club and can prove this method to his pupil in such a way A Method Is Necessary that the player is Instead of naming it form or style, it convinced and un- would be safe to say it is the result of meth- derstands the reasons od; for if one is not trained to turn the body for the gripping — as required by proper swinging, the finish of positions which are the strokes generally termed form, can never being taught. This knowledge that one has ac- be acquired. Instruction in golf is received in quired the correct grip gives the player per- most cases from an active professional, Each tect confidence at the outset of the season, has his own conception of what is required and because of its naturalness and comfort and tries to transmit it to get a well-hit ball and the improved results from trial after ini- and swing to finish with ease and grace. If tial tests outdoors, thereby, eliminates any de- the instructor is conversant with his subpect, sire to further meddle with the situation or re- he will substitute ‘“‘do this” or “do that” in turn to one’s former incrorect method. preference to “try this” or “try that” with Like the grip, there are also set positions the hope that the proper method will come by of address which have been proven correct for accident. By substituting clarity for the vague, theoretical reasons, and again it will be read- and definite for guessing, the golfer will be ily understood how this most important phase getting instruction instead of a compromise of the game can be developed as one’s natural between his own ideas and a perplexed tutor. technique in the indoor schools. Like the two There are few professionals who will not admit points just mentioned, the proper meth- that there is a proper grip to apply, given at od of stroking the ball with the proper which the arms have a chance to assume their 4 grip from the perfect stance can only be Proper position at the tops of swing provid- a learned through constant practice which re- ing the body is also in position. From these the ey quires time that can generally not be afforded pupil can be taught to hit through and finish he during the limited hours of play available to in what they call form. the average golfer. Instruction in golf has been subject to The elimination of unnecessary bodily many controversies. In this it will be interest- motion and lateral sway, and the de- ing to scan the sporting pages in the near fu- velopment of the proper hip-turn or ture to see how the American Professional As- pivot will soon give the student the sociation act in their proposals to eliminate feeling of proper balance and hitting the fakers and guessers from their ranks, I am power and a new confidence which safe in stating that the person who has been will be properly founded by the un- BOBBY JONES swinging wrong for years, is a much harder derstanding of the reasons for the pupil to get hitting the ball correctly than the Among the greatest in the games Bobby Jones is a convincing positions and methods which have absolute beginner, and my example for students of form. Bobby's rythmic swing is close experience is that to perfect style as shown in the above position which would been taught to develop correct form. most troubles start from the wrong grip. be difficult to improve Like all sporting endeavour the This induces all kinds of errors. road to proficiency and success is not It is my belie f that a golfer can Jearn the proper method an easy one, and althoughit is possible to acquire certain stand- of hitting the golf ball in an indoor school . As previously men- ards through natural ability most every golfer will save himself tioned the grip is the most important fundamental, and there is or herself a lot of golfing troubles later on by learning the no denying to the fact that it will be just as easy to learn how fundamentals of the golf stroke. to properly hold the club while standing on a cacoa-nut mat as The advancement that can be accomplished On some practice fairway. In developing a grip the easiest by regular indoor practice during the off- Way to sense it as the properfeel is to use it constantly under season has surprised even the most ambitious of players, and it the watchfwuleye of a tutor. In a golf school there is no limit is not uncommon to have indoor students immediately lower to t he numberofshots that can be hit one after the other with- their handicaps by as much as ten strokes at the beginning of Out any necessity for waiting, and it is, therefore, possible to the season.

12 Canapian GotFrer— February, 1934

¢ \ + SHORT PUTTS +

By RALPH REVILLE

British Seniors in Toronto Colf for Toronto Island WhatSarazen Thinks One of the most interesting fixtures of A movement that was almost inevitable Admitting he has been wrong before, the Canadian 1934 season will be the is now under way as representatives from Gene Sarazen bravely announced that in Senior triangular matches which are Centre Island in Toronto have at last ap- his opinion the British will win this year’s scheduled to be played in Toronto next pealed to the city to construct a golf Walker Cup matches, “I’ve been wrong September, Toronto having been chosen course on this Island playground and sum- before,” Gene said, “but they can’t shoot on account of observing its centennary mer resort. With the number of regular me for it and since I have been asked I’m in 1934. The Toronto Club will in all summer residents, and the constant ex- telling you I expect England to score a de- probability be the venue of this outstand- cursion traffic there would be little doubt cisive victory in the cup play over there.” ing event. that a pay as you pay golf course set up The United States will as usual have a and properly managed would immediate- Sarazen, wintering at Miamias head of strong team and Canada too will field its ly become a paying proposition. The pos- the Miami Biltmore pro staff, feels that most representative senior players. In the sibility that the course will be constructed America doesn’t boast enough massed past Great Britain has never sent its best in the very near future is very likely as strength to beat the British on their home team to Canada or the United States to the necessary labor in constructing the ground. “If the Walker Cup was played compete in these matches but it is under- golf course could very well be spent as with four to a side I’d go heavily on our stood this year owing to improved busi- part of the extensive relief measures al- boys,” he said. “But the British, despite ness conditions in the Old Country,an ef- ready being carried out by the city. a very popular notion to the contrary, are fort will be made to have a representa- better golfers than the Americans. And tion in Toronto, worthyof British senior any other idea is just a myth. It grew out golf and if this is done, some veryfine of the fact that Americans—Hagen,Jones, players will be seen in Toronto next Sep- Denny Shute—andonceI got there, too— tember. have been able to win a heavyshare of the The amateur champion of Great Brit- British national championships. But the ain, the Hon. Michael Scott is 55 years of British generally are finer golfers. They age and is therefore noweligible to play have more golfing lore around St. An- for the Seniors. Then Great Britain has drews than we'll ever develop. It’s born in such outstanding players as “Ted” Black- them.” well, in his day the world’s longest ama- Sarazen has a high regard for Francis teur driver, R. H. Montmorency, an In- Ouimet, twice United States amateur ternational player of note, J. W. Beau- champion, both as a player and as a lead- mont Pease, another Internationalist, and er. “The U.S.G.A. made the logical choice a score of others who in their day have when they picked Francis to captain our won many championships and are still team,” he said, “If the Walker Cup was a capable of going round the most testing four-man business you could bet all the courses in “the seventies”. The U. S. and tea in China that we’d take it. If I had Canadian seniors can’t hope for some my way I'd pick Ouimet, Johnny Good- years yet to field a team which can cope man, George Dunlap and Will Turnesa to with “Great Britain’s best’? when it comes go against England’s best four who would to players of 5S years and upwards. probably be Tolley, Red Hartley, Weth- The Canadian Seniors’ Golf Association, ered and Burke. comprised of some of the leading men of the Dominion, will play host to these dis- “But that’s as far as it goes. We haven’t tinguished golfers from the Old Country a group which could do things with such and the United States, and is arranging Britishers as McRuvie, McLean (there’s for a varied programmeof golf and social a great one for you) Campbell, young entertainment befitting such an impor- Deforest, old Mike Scott, Bourne and some tant occasion. others.” Sarazen is highly enthusiastic With the Canadian Open championship over Willie Turnesa, youngest brother of to be held in Toronto this year and also the large Elmsford, N.Y., golfing family. the Senior matches and the Canadian Lad- ies’ Open and Close championships _visi- BOB REITH, All other Turnesas are professionals. Gene tors to the Toronto Centennary will have Amateur Champion of Manitoba and says that Willie is a “pretty soon” cham- Medalist in the Canadian Amateur 1933. an opportunity of witnessing some of the Because of the recent decision of the R.C. pion. “I wouldn’t be surprised to see Willic best golf of the 1934 season. G.A. to eliminate the qualifying round from the Canadian Amateur Championship Bob come through as early as this year,” Sara- e will be the last man to win the gold qualify- zen said. “T think he’s the finest hitter to ing medal. It will be a prized possession Free Colf at Fort William have come along since Jones, and all he

The residents of Fort William who needsis a little more experience and som¢ have not as yet taken their turn at the as golf is concerned in the city. This added weight.” Royal and Ancient pastime, will this municipal links at Fort William, like so Turnesa, Sarazen feels, well might have spring, along with other members of the many other pay as you pay courses, is at city be invited to play golf free of charge present in an extremely healthy financial been chosen for the Walker Cup team, at any time during an entire week which condition, having a substantial balance in but believes that the U.S.G.A. was justi- will be known as ‘courtesy week,’ as far the bank as well as a reserve fund. fied in omitting him.

CanapDIAN Go.trerR — February, 1934 13 Fine Turf Maintenance

II. The Relation of Soil to Turf Growth

O. J. NOER

OIL plays a most important role in the management of The subsoil is usually more compact, due to a larger pro- golf turf. It is the most essential single factor on putting portion of finer particles and almost complete absence of organic greens. Golfers demand perfect putting surfaces at all times, matter. The roots of turf grasses rarely extend more than a few and unless the underlying soil is suitable, it is almost impos- inches beyond the surface, so the character of the surfacesoil is sible to avoid disaster during unusually trying seasons when most important. The subsoil does, however, indirectly affect temperatures are high and rainfall plentiful. Greens are of such water and air relationships. If too heavy it retards or prevents limited area that it is economically feasible to provide soil es- downward movement of excess water, and if coarse unduly pecially suited to turf grasses. accelerates percolation, so the surface soil dries out rapidly. Soils may be divided into two broad groups, depending Black soils are prized by many and color alone suffices in upon the predominance of organic or mineral matter. Soils of selecting supposedly suitable soil. True, dark colored soils contain organic origin are of limited occurrence except in the more larger amounts of organic matter, but may be wholly unsuited northern latitudes. for use in putting greens. The important factors which a soil Organic Soils should possess are: Formation of these soils depends upon conditions which Proper physical condition retard or prevent the activity of the soil organisms responsible N Ample water holding capacity e Adequate drainage

for the decay of plant residues. Excess moisture is the principal Y

factor, but in northern latitudes low temperature is an added t Supply of organic matter reason. Organic soils are classed as peats or mucks, depending Presence of beneficial soil organisms

upon the extent of decay. A Abundant plant food elements Proper soil reaction Peats N

o Absence of toxic substances. Wherever moisture conditions are especially unfavorable for the decomposition of the original vegetation, peats are formed. Proper Physical Condition They are usually brown in color, almost devoid of mineral mat- The size and arrangement of the individual soil particles ter, and the preponderance of partially decayed plants usually determine physical condition. Together they affect the amount results in a fibrous structure. of air space, water holding capacity, rate at which water passes Because it is possible to identify the type of plants from down through the soil, and influences the capacity to supply which the peats were derived, they are classified on that basis. soluble plant food. Mosspeat, derived from sphagnum mosses, sedge and reed peats Neglect to provide suitable soil from the physical are the types best suited for use as soil modifiers. The moss peats standpoint is responsible for many turf failures, and has great- provide four to five times more coverage and where water hold- ly complicated maintenance on many greens. Unfortunately, ing capacity) only is desired, they are suitable, but where water it is almost impossible to quickly and markedly change a soil movementis desired the reed and sedge peats are preferable. The after turf is once established, and until modified it is diffi- woody peats and the sedimentary peats, formed in stagnant cult in extremecases to effect turf improvement by fertiliza- waters from soft aquatic plants, are unsuited to such use. tion or other practices. Peats have an enormous water holding capacity and their A soil may be coarse, medium, or fine textured, depending use also tends to makethe surface soil more resilient. These ef- upon the predominating or important soil particles. Sand is the fects are the only justification for their use. Under no circum- main constituent of coarse soils, and clay is the important frac- stances should peat be used as the sole top-dressing material on tion in those of fine texture. Hence texture refers to the size mineral soils. Peat layers interfere with the free movement of of the soil particles. soil water, in wet season the enormous water holding capacity The three main groups of soil particles are sand, silt, and may prove detrimental, and too much peat may produce sur- clay, but sand is further subdivided into fine gravel, coarse, faces which are too soft and springy. It is doubtful if more than medium, fine, and very fine sand. Soils are a mixture of vari- 20 to 30 per cent of the top-dressing should be derived from ous sized particles, so each of the seven classes is called a soil peat. separate, The arbitrary limits in size for each separate depends Mucks upon the relative value of various sized particles in affecting the physical properties and in turn the producing power of When more complete decay of original plant structures the soil. takes place, the resulting soils are called mucks. They are also Therelative difference in size of the various soil separates “organic soils. Mucks are usually black in color, con taining more is enormous. Only 25 grains of coarse sand ash or mineral substance t placed side by side han peats, and plant structures as are required to open an such are not discernible. inch, whereas 5000 of the largest clay As soils they are usually considered particles are needed to more productive than peats. bridge the same distance. This accounts for the tremendous numbers of fine particles in a given volume. Mineral Soils In one gram (453.69 grams equal 1 pound) there are 2000 coarse sand grains, two million very fine sand = These are the soils upon which turf grasses are comm grains, but sixty only five silt particles and the staggering “grown. They are primarily a mixture of mineral particles de- total of forty five billion clay particles. With these enormous differences, there is little r i ved from the disintegration of rocks, but the surface soil wonder that variations in texture exert profound - also contains humusresulting from the decay of plant differences a nd animalresidues. in soil properties. The significance from a practical standpoint A cubic foot of ideal surface soil contains about 50 per is that large quantities of sand are required to effectively cent solid material, 25 per cent moisture, and 25 per cent air. modify the properties of a heavy soil, wherea’ very little clay is Approximately 85 per cent of the solid portion consists of needed to change ineral particles a a sand. nd 15 per cent is humus or organic matter. (CONTINUED ON PAGE16)

14 CANADIAN GOLFER February, 1934 Pp. Q.G. A. Official Handicaps

Jack Cameron. P. C. Hutchison. 10 H. R. Pickens, Jr. 12 A. F. Lamontagne. E. A. Innes. Emile Latulipe, Jr. 10 M. Pinsonnault, Jr. 12 Geo, S. Layton. H. B. Jaques. T. Redpath. 10 H. W. D. Pope. 12 W.S. Lighthall. Gordon, B. Taylor. Guy Rolland. 10 P. W. Rafferty. 12 C. M. McCarrey, D. G. Ross. 10 D. M. Rankin. 12 J. G. McConnell. Frank Corrigan. R. C. Smith, Sr. 10 J. I. Rankin, 12 Dr. J. W. McKay.

h C. C. Fraser G. M. Sommerville 10 J. Gordon Reed. 12 H. B. McLean.

T. G. McAthey. D. R. Weir 10 E. A. Rolph. 12 H. J. McLean. S N. M. Scott. E. A. Weir. 10 W. Gillis Ross. 12 Robt. M. Miller.

Caroll M. Stuart. A, R. Wilson. 10 A. Samoisette. 12 Chas. Mitchell. 2 2

W. D. Taylor. H. J. Young. 10 Dr. F. W. Saunders. 12 Douglas A. Monk. i

J. W. Yuile. 10 David Schwob. 12 K. M. Ramsey. 2 10 G. M. Alexander. 10 W. L. Shaw. 12 D. V. Robertson,

G. E. Fenwick. 10 C. Anderson. 10 H. W. Soper. 12 R. H. Robinson. n

w 10 L. J. Anderson, 10 O. Stensrud. 12 R. St. John,

n J. A. Fuller.

m George Huband. 10 J. Archambault. 10 Garth P. Thomson. 12 E. G. Smith. u 10 H. S. Beecher. 10 Car J. Whyte. 12 R C. Smith, Jr. Jack Archer. 10 Dr. K. G. Blaikie. 10 J. L. Williams. 12 Ed. Spark. A. C. Bethune. 10 J. A. Blondeau. 10 A. B. Williamson. 12 J. des R. Tessier. R. Brault. 10 Dr. A. Boisvert. 10 J. T. Wilson. 12 W. Garth Thomson. J. O. Cleghorn. 10 T. F. Brisbane. 10 A. J. D. Wright. 12 F. J. Vincent R. E. Costello. 10 J. G. Bryce. 11 B. M. Adair 12 M. Weinfield. A. L. Dube. 10 L. P. Burpe. 11 O. R. Ainslie. FE. W. Elton. 10 W. A. Bush. 11 Wm. Bain. 13 H. E. Allbutt. W. M. Hodgson. 10 Geo, S. Challies. 11 R. A. Benoit. 13 E. S. Berry. E.. J. Pope. 10 FE, Lorne Chamberlain. 11 H. W. Blackstock. 13 R. H. Bryson, FE. B. Pritchard, Jr. 10 R. B, Chillas. 11 J. A. Ellis. 13 J. M. Brown. Melville F. Rogers. 10 J. F. Chisholm. 11 R. J. Forster. 13 H. A. Egan. Ernest Savard. 10 D. W. Clark. 11 Leonard Friedman. 13 W. D. Fleming. Alex Wilson. 10 J. F. Collins. 11 A. J. Groleau. 13 D .B. Foss. 10 J. As GiGolvil: 11 A. W. Guthrie. 13 W. P. Harlow. Jas. Brodie. 10 G. L. Cuthbertson. 11 Percy A. Hawken. 13 C. Holland, Jr.

o Y

N 13 W. A. Clark. 10 Jas. P. Diplock. 11 H. C. Hayes. .w S. Johnson,

W E. P. Dunford. 10 M. L. Doelman. 11 E. R. L. Henry-Anderson. 13 E. C. Lalonde.

S. Gamon. 10 A. G, Fenwick. 11 H. J. Hooper. 13 H. S. Lawrence. NN

U W. C. Fenwick. 10 D. F. Finnie. 11 P. Jerdan. 13 H. R. Lincoln D. L. Luther. 10 Henry G. W. Fowlis. 11 He eel eane, 13 J. R. D. MacDonald. Wm. McLuckie. 10 A. Fraser. 11 Dr. Yvon Laurier. 13 J. H. Maher. R. M. Mickles 10 W. R. Friedman. 11 W. O. Lewis. 13 W. E. Markham. Dr. A. W. Mitchell. 10 R. Gagnon. 11 T. Louden. 13 Geo, McKeeman. J. A. Mitchell. 10 E. D. Glassco. 13

NNNNNNN 1] F. R. McDonald. J. S. MeNeish.

A H, Ross 10 Lt. Col. W. F. Hadley. 11 Dr. R. E. McMahon. 13 Louis Mongeau. J. M. Rudel 10 G. Hamilton. 11 D. C. McRae. 13 R. Mongeau. P. St. Germain. 10 Chas. F. Hart. 13

NNN 11 J. A. Mercier, H. T. Palmer. 10 Tom Harvey. 11 L. Mindel. 13 H. A. Peabody.

D J. R. Colby, Jr. 10 A. G. Hooper. 11 J. W. Nicoll. 13 M. A. Prud’homme. O

C A. B. Darling. 10 I. L. Ibbotson. 11 Lou Papineau. 13 G. H. Rainville. O

H Geo. C. Dew. 10 H. C. Kerman, 11 E, W. Penney. 13 W. W. Robinson. H

W F. D. Fenwick. 10 John V. Kerrigan. 11 F. Poirier. 13 G. P. Stockton. O

C J. B. Gerrard. 10 R. J. King. 11 Albert Rolland. 13 . Turnbull.

o H

W Edward Gohier. 10 G. H. Kruger. R. L. Scythes. 13

11 om Y CnVasee O

H Jas. R. Innes. 10 Dr. A. S, Lamb:

11 R. H, Stanley. 13 H. E. J. Verner. H

W F. Ross Johnson. 10 H, J. Lange. 11 J. G. Stenhouse. 13 . Harold Webb.

— H

D H. W. Maxson. 10 R. Lyle 11 R. J. R. Stokes. 13 A. Whitehouse. D. V. McLean. 10 D. R. MacDonald. 11 R. D. Taylor. A. Morris. 10 G. G. MacDonald. 1] E, R.’ Tucker. 14 Douglas J. Baillie.

HHH J. H. Patton. 10 W. K. MacDonald. 11 R. L, Villineuve. 14 M. T. Bancroft.

0 Colin Rankin. 10 A. G. MacMartin. 11 G. P. Webster. 14 E. S. Bates.

0 H. E. Robinson. 10 E, A. MacNutt. 11 W. D. Weir. 14 W. D. Bennett.

00 P. S. Ross. 10 G, C. Marler. 12 FE. F. Abraham, 14 H. G. Bosse. O C R. B. Shaw. 10 Harvey Martin. 12 Hermon Barrette. 14 C. B. Clark.

00 F, G. Taylor. 10 AB SEs, 12 K. C. Berwick. 14 E. Collette.

Q Romeo Trudeau. 10 Harry Maude. G

- 12 K. G, Blackader. 14 Gerald A. Decary. O

G G. H. Turpin. 10 A. L. McCulloch, 12 M. B. Bricker. 14 F, C. Delaney.

00 J. K, Walkden. 10 A. B. McEwan.

Marcil Fortin. 14 R. C. Dougherty. O

G P. H. Walker 10 A. 0. McMurtry. EK. A. Friedman, 14 S. C. Dalgleish. 10 R. M. Milligan. 14 M. A. Brault. 10 A. R. Murray. Ernest Gohier. Dr. R. W. Edmison, J. D. Cageorge. 10 J. G. Notman. H. Halley. 14 C, B. Edmonson. L. H. T. Clegg. 10 Teor, R. R. Hermann. 14 Graham M. Ferguson, J. N. Cornish 10 W. E. Otten. B. N. Holtham. 14 R, Garceau. Louis P. Gelinas. 10 A. C. Patton. J. W. Kennedy. 14 W. P. Gautreau. (CONTINUED ON PAGE 22)

CanapiAn Goirer — February, 1934 15

Ontario Provincial Handicaps

The Ontario Golf Association announces the following as tion’s tournaments to obtain handicap cards. the present holders of handicaps of 1 to 10 inclusive: Those desiring handicaps of 11 and up, may procure the Handicap cards secured by players in 1933 will be good sameby sending three scores to the Secretary of the Association. until the next revision in 1934. In all probability, the executive Detailed instructions concerning this classification have already committee will require all players taking part in the Associa- been sent to the member clubs.

Hand'p NAME Hand'p NAME Hand'p NAME Hand'p NAME

2 C.R. Somerville. 8 J. G. Adams. 10 A. A, Adams, 10 G. W. Hague, 8 D. H. Anderson, 10 W. Adams, 10 J. C. Hope. 3 J. B. Nash. 8 A. C. Bethune. 10 G. F. Armstrong. 10 G. C. Heintzman. 3 J. A. Cameron. 8 W. J. Cumming. 10 R. M. Addison, 10 H. C. Heintzman, 3D.D. Carrick. 8 RS. Murray, 10 J. C. Anderson, Jr. 10 ELA, Harris, 3 FG, Hoblitzell. 8 C.J. McKee. 10 Hugh R. Aird. 10 A. L, Hudson, 3 Phil Farley. 8 J. W.G.Clark. 10. Raymond Affen, 10 ‘J. J. Hurley, 3 John S. Lewis, 8 J. K. Cronyn. 10 H. R. Armstrong. 10 John G. Holden 3. Nicol Thompson, Jr. 8 V i , J. V. Cressy. 10 HJ. Ayris, 10 James Hopper. 8 Alex. Connolly, 10 J. Armer. 10 George Hevener. ; ee Gear 8 Clair Chinnery. 10 L. H. Biddell. 10 D. Henderson. m, Eckardt, 8 W.L. Dyment. 10 S.vCi.e Biggs : 10 Wm. . IneIlngilis. 4 Joseph Thompson. 8 Pat Eastwood. 10 W.H. Batten. 10. ‘J. 'T. Irwin, 4 NormanScott. 8 J.D. Fraser. 10 W. J. Brown. 10 J. A. Trewin, ee pedal Jr. 8 F. Hunter. 10 J. M. Burns, 10 W.C. James. m. D, Taylor. ; a pee 10 J. C. Booth, 10 N. S. Jarvis. xe0, S, Lyon. 10 N. Barnabe, 10 J. E. Joyce. : es oF oe 8 Chas. Lennox, 10 _-R, Bellamy. 10. RB, H, Kestevan, 5 St ig ri 8 B. Morden, 10 Alex, Blyth, 10 H, W. Livingston. 5 are ey etoes. 8 Alex, Martin, 10 S. T. Blackwood. 10 G. C. Lalor. ; DeJes ste 8 J. E. Maclean, 4 10. G. Reed Blaikie, 10 HL. Lugsdin, 5 F ! on Ltt 8 J. J. McLaughlin. 10 T. W. Bright. 10 J. L. Lewis, 5eeeWJ el 8 K. H. McKay. 10 A. R. Bell. 10 C, B. Langmuir, ce Beet 8 Rod Phelan, 10. J, Barber, 10. John Lindsay . M, Gray. 8 J. H. Robinson. 10 E, C. Bowyer, 10 P,R Meredith 6 P. F, Robert. 8 A. E. Romeril. 10 ~—-R. G. Brown. {0% oReMtace. i 6 J. H. Chipman. 8 G. Symmes, 10 Jack Boeckh, 10 rigs corde: 6 E. D. Herbertson. 8 Thos. H.; Swindells. 10‘ C. S. Barthe, 10 J, aM.e Massey } 6 James Boeckh. 8 J. E. Wilson. 10 Dr, A. A, Beatty. » M. Massey, : 10 6 eR. Catry, 8 G. Wilson. 10 &, G. Burton, F, -RF. McD. onald. Bs cetn. Weis 8 Gil Walker. 10. N. H. Campbell. 10 HL McSwigin, 6 Eric Russell. , 10 B. Caldwell, Jr. 10 H, L. MeCullough. 6 L. W. Jackson. 9 G. A. Adams, 10 G, T. Cassels. 10 A. McCord. 6 C. G. Beatty. 9 B, L. Anderson, 10 G. M. Cumming. 10 J. K. McCausland, 6 G. B. Heintzman. 9 Thos. Burch. 10M. H. Currer, 10 Jack O'Connor, REELWEeaiirccle, 9 Colin Brown. 10 J. D. Coghill. 10 Thos, Popplewell, 6 °F M. Lyon. 9 Dr, J. A. Boyd. 10 J. W. Champion, 10 Frank Pritchard, 6 W. Lathrop. 9 Norman Brown. 10 W. F. Collins. 10 S. Pitney, 6 J. F, Heslop. 9 Hector Cowan, 10 PF, L, Cadieux 10 MEST CO pecige Ge kt Cressten: 9 A, J. Cameron. 10. Wm. K. Chinnery, 0 GI 'R a ; 6 James Chinnery, 9 Norman Cumming. 10 H. Collard. 10 y = eee 6 James Good. 9 S. E. Cassan, 10 P, Cooper. James Rankin, Gah OE Gould: 9 A. G, Donaldson, 10D, Doherty. 10 J. G, Robertson, Kencha Abbott, 9 FM, Gifford, 10 W. C. Dawson, 10 J. Rogers, KDREatadie, 9 Benjamin Gordon. 10 J. W, Duntop. 10 David K, Rea. 6 Jaskson Walton, 9 L. Greisman. 10 K., L, Doll. 10 Douglas C. Ross, 6 J. N. Lang. 9 A, L. Gooderham. 10 ‘J. A. Dunlop. 10 W.J. Rowe. 9 W.Grossart. 10 W. Duckworth, 10 F. A, Reid, 7 R. C. Breckenbridge. 9 Frank Harris. 10 W. H. Despard, 10 John Rennie. 7 ‘T, A, Browne. 2 A .N. Hayes. 10. John L, Dickie. 10. D. Shortly, 7H.A. Bruce. 9 Chas. Keene. 10 George Edwards, 10 C. C, Slemin, 7 J. L. Brown, 9 C. V. Lloyd. mitt : 10 Alex. Elliott. 10 W. H. Stokes, 7 ~=‘J..H. Firstbrook. 9 A, A. Hargraft. ee - 7 Tolth, ‘Haddon, 9 + Onme 10 A. G, Findlay. 10 W.E. Stead. 7 ©.M. Jones, 9H. W.Phelan. 108 eden Grant, 10 _W.Snyder. 7 Norman Keene, Jr. 9 L. E, Ryan. 10 G. L, Gordon, 10 Arthur Stollery. 7 WG. More. 9 H, S. Reid, 10 Gordon Gunn, 10 E. Tattersall, a, George Rae. 9 Geo. W. Robinson. 10 S. Goodman. 10 W., A. Watson. 7 A. L. Skaith. 9 A. R. Turnbull. 10 Dr, W. C. Givens, 10. L. M. Wood, 7 C.R. Young. 9 J.D. Wood. 10 ‘J. A. Gibson, 10 H. G, Wookey. 7 C. R. Young. 9 A. K. Wilkes. 10 W.S. Gray. 10 R. K. Young.

16 CanaDIAN GoLFER—February, 1934 The Turf Maintenance The diminishing supply of available water in the surface soil is partially replenished by movement of capillary water.

(CONTINUED FROM PAGE 13) Heavy soils move water to greater heights than sands, but rate of movementis most rapid in sandy soils. Very often the rate For practical purposes soils are grouped into classes based maybeso slow in clay soils that plants perish before sufficient on texture. They may be sands, sandy looms, loams, silt loams, water can be brought up from the subsoil. Rate of movement clay loams, and clays. is retarded when films are thin, due to the friction offered by With a little experience it is possible to place a soil in its the soil particles. proper class by simple inspection in the field. Textureis judged All things considered, sandy loam and loam soils approach by rubbing moist soil between the thumb and forefinger. Sands the ideal. They contain just enough of the finer particles to are recognized by their coarseness and lack of coherence. Sandy insure adequate water holding capacity, yet are sufficiently loams contain large amounts of sand, but possess some coherence open to permit rapid removal of surplus water and insure deep due to the presence of small amountsofsilt and clay. Most dif- root development. ficulty arises in distinguishing between the loams, silt loams, In general, periodic thorough watering is better than light and clays. Silt loams have a floury feel, are devoid of gritty sprinkling daily. Less water is required to produce thick films sand, and differ from clay by the absence of a slick shiny sur- on sandy soils, but their lower water holding capacity may face when quickly rubbed between the thumb and forefinger. necessitate more frequent watering. Amount of water used is The distinct presence of gritty sand usually serves to distin- more important than time of watering, yet there is some basis guish loams from silt loams. for advocating early morning watering on greens. Within an For golf greens soils of intermediate texture, the sandy hour or two following watering, the soil should be moist, but loams and light loamsarebest. If the soil is too sandy the water notwet. If water can be squeezed from soil pressed between the holding capacity is so low that greens dry out rapidly. With thumb and finger, the evidence clearly points to overwatering, high silt and clay content surfaces become hard and players and maylead to serious trouble in periods of heavy rain as- complain that greens will not hold the ball. Heavy watering sociated with humid hot weather. do positive to soften the soil is a makeshift remedy, and may Adequate Drainage injury to the turf by filling the soil pore spaces, thus depriv- ing the grass of indispensible air. Permanent improvement must Excess water beyond that required to surround the soil come from the use of suitable topdressing material and grad- particles simply fills the voids and deprives the turf roots of ually building a layer of good soil. With soil of proper texture needed oxygen by excluding air. Surplus water retards early there should be no trouble in holding the ball on a green with- warmingofthesoil in the spring, and maycause severe injury out the necessity of overwatering. or kill during winter. Development of beneficial soil organisms is inhibited by too much water. This is a contributing factor Ample Soil Moisture Supply when sunscald appears during hot humid spells. Like plants, Waterexists in the soil as hygroscopic moisture, gravitation- the beneficial soil bacteria require oxygen, and their develop- al, and capillary water. ment also ceases when soils become water-logged. The foul Tygroscopic water is the moisture which condenses on the odors associated with saturated soils during the summer are surface of dry soil when exposed to the air. In amountit never produced by types of organisms capable of existence in the ab- exceeds a few percent, and is held so firmly that it is of no use sence of oxygen. It is possible that many of the by-products to growing plants. produced by them are actually toxic. Gravitational water is the surplus or water free to pass If surplus water does not drain naturally, steps must be down the soil under the influence of gravity. If this water taken to effect its rapid removal. Adequate surface and under- remains in the surface soil, it fills the intervening air spaces drainage are amongthefirst essentials to successful turf man- between the particles, and thus restricts or deprives grass roots agement. of needed oxygen supplied only by the soil air. One of the first Depressions and pockets which tend to hold water or re- essentials is rapid removal of surplus gravitational water by tard free surface movement should be avoided. On_ heavier artificial means where drainage is inadequate. soils this must be supplemented with effective tile lines. Along Capillary or film water is the water held around the in- hillsides and slopes seepage water often causes damage during dividual soil particles as a film. The water surface on the out- spring and late fall, when the soil moisture content is high. A side of the film acts as an elastic covering or skin, and is re- tile line placed at right angles to the slope, above the green or sponsible for the movement of capillary water. When water is fairway, will intercept the seeping water and thus overcome removed by the grass roots or by evaporation, the stretched its damagingeffect. film pulls water from adjacent areas until the strains are equal- Supply of Organic Matter ized. Soil structure is profoundly affected by organic matter. Area of internal soil surface determines capacity to retain Its presence tends to make heavy soil more open, and by bind- and ability to release capillary water. Soils made up of small ing sand grains improves sandy soils. The soil supply of nitro- particles have the highest water holding capacity, because they gen exists in the organic portion of the soil mass. Hence dark possess the largest area of internal surface. Loams and clays colored soils invariably contain more nitrogen than those of usually retain two to three times more water than the coarser light color. Organic matter increases water holding capacity, sands. and is indispensable to the development of essential micro-or- Root hairs imbibe water most freely when films are thick. ganisms. Their energy requirements are obtained from decom- Water intake decreases as the films become thinner and finally posable organic matter. ceases, although the soil still contains capillary water. Plants It is unwise to include more than 20 to 30 per cent by then begin to wilt. Because of the smaller area of internal sur- volume of humus products in the topdressing mixture. The face, less water is required on sandy soils to produce thick films balance should be sand and soil in proportions to produce a than on heavy soils with more extensive surfaces. sandy loam. Due to its enormous water holding capacity, high The effects of drought appear first on sandy areas because humuscontent may retard or prevent rapid removal of surplus of lower water holding capacity. Yet light showers, wholly in- water during wet seasons. adequate on heavy soils, often produce startling recovery in ee

sands, because less water is required to produce thick films. Presence of Beneficial Soil Organisms A Soil organic matter exerts marked effects upon soil mois- Fertile soils teem with vast numbers of minute organisms, ture supply. Humus has an enormous water holding capacity, especially bacteria, but fungi, algae, and other forms are also

and by acting as a weak cement aids in granule formation. present. A thimbleful of soil contains millions of these minute eee

Water is held around the individual particles and also sur- formsof life. They are the scavengers of the soil, being respon- i

rounds the compound granule. (CONTINUED ON PAGE 22) p A T

CanapDIAN GoLFER— February, 1934 h7

Jots From the Canadian Golfing World and Elsewhere 4 By T. HIGH

Proof Enough Australia vs U. S.? McLean for Walker Cup It looks as though there is to be some A convincing proof of year round golf- Fortunately for amateur golf in Great ing interest in British Columbia has re- difficulty in arranging for a team of eight Britain, Jack McLean, holder of the Scot- U. S. professionals to go to Australia next cently come to us in the form of a B. C. tish and Irish Open championships respec- club’s tournament programme. From Na- November to participate in the centen- tively, has decided to remain an amateur naimo, B. C. we have recently received a nary of that country in which somebig golfer. He has resigned his post as traveller fixture card announcing the clubs tour- golf money tournaments are part of the to a golf ball firm and accepted an ap- namentactivities for the year 1934. The manyattractions to be staged, pointment as a golf writer. Under the new first event on the schedule is a monthly The U. S. pros want their passages ruling which came into force last Janu- medal competition slated for February from San Francisco and return paid by ary Ist. travellers for golf firms are de- the officials of the Australian Golf As- 4th, while the last and concluding item is barred from participating in any amateur a special turkey competition on Saturday, sociations, but they have cabled that they event, whilst golf writers are not affected. December 23rd. In all there are forty-six cannot do this but they are willing the Great Britain to-day, would not be (46) events on the Nanaimo Club sched- Americans should receive a liberal share having such a hard time to win the Walk- ule, almost all of which fall on Satur- of the gate money taken in at a two-days er Cup from the Americans if so many days or holidays during the year. Forty- International match, Australia vs the U.S. of its best amateurs had not turned pro- six events in a fifty-two week year is There the matter rests in the meantime, fessional of recent years, as witnessTommy certainly an active programme which but the prospects are none too rosy for Armour, Bobby Cruickshanks, and Wil- would undoubtedly suit a great many the proposed trip to the Antipodies by a lie Hunter formerly ranking amateurs, players in the east. representative American team. now leading pros in the United States and ® Willie Lamb and Lex Robson in Canada. Seventy-Eighth Annual It is a good thing for the Motherland that McLean has not followed the example of On first glance one might think that so many of his fellow countrymen. He a report of a seventy-eighth annual meet- will be easily one of the outstanding Brit- ing of a golf club would be a typograph- ish players in the Walker Cup matches ical error as far as the numerals were next May. It would have badly crippled concerned. This is not the case, however, the British team if he had been profes- as on February 4th of this month the sionalized. seventy-eighth Annual Meeting of the To- ronto Golf Club was held. The Toronto club is one of the oldest in the country, Royal Montreal and the Quebec Golf Pro Amateur Best Ball Club being the only two whose records date back for more than seventy-eight Horton Smith, youthful professional, years. At this meeting special tribute was and Johnny Dawson, Chicago Amateur, paid to the nine remaining charter mem- were recent winners in the Pro Amateur bers, all of whom wereelected as life mem- Best Ball tournament staged at Galveston, bers of the club. Those honoured in this Texas, as a fore-runner to the 72 hole Way were, Justice Masten, Sir Alex Galveston Open Championship. Gus Mackenzie, Frank Arnoldi, W. H. Moreland, of Dallas, Texas, the States’ Cawthra, Wallace Jones, H. H. Langdon, Amateur Title-holder, paired with Dick P. D. Law, James Scott and Graham Metz to take second position. The Smith Dawson combination registered a best ball Thompson, all of whom have been mem- score of 65, seven bers of the club for at least forty years. J. R. BUD’ COIBY’Jr. strokes under par, while e the Moreland-Metz combination were J. R. Bud Colby Jr. of the Kanawaki able to collect enough birdies for a total Another Judge Awards Damages Golf Club Montreal who leaves on March of 67. Law suits resulting from happenings on the first for the west coast. Bud has been the golf course are continually cropping transferred by his company, the Liquid up, and among the most recent is one in Carbonic Canadian Corporation, to their Graig Wood Wins First which a practice swinger has had to pay Vancouver plant where he will act as the price. Crown Attorney, J. W. Mc- manager for the district. Bud is a youth- Craig Wood, Deal, N. J., professional Fadden whois a golf enthusiast himself ful veteran of the links having taken up ace, made a comeback to win the $2,000 recently awarded $1,250.00 as damages to golf even before reaching his teens but Galveston open golf tournament, adding a lady who was struck on thelinks by a despite this long association he has never steady rounds of 72-72 to a prior 73-73 man taking a practise swing. Public opin- taken his game very seriously. He has for a total of 290, two over par. Playing ion is just about divided as to whois really always been prominent in the Eastern for first prize of $400, Wood remained at fault in a case of this kind, as it is Townships, where his family’s summer level with par through 36 holes made ex- felt that the woman must naturally have home borders the Hermitage Golf Course tremely difficult by a cold, 26-mile-an- been standing too close to the play, while at Lake Memphremagog. Budis a tremen- hour north wind and a water logged others feel that there is too much of this dous hitter from the tee and a wizard with course. He started the final 18 holes with Practice swinging by players on the course. a mashie niblic which combination he can 218 anda Jead of two strokes over Tom At any rate the judge ruled in favour of generally use for all holes measuring from Creavy of Albany, N. Y. Creavy lost sec- the party who was struck, thereby serv- 300 to 420. What a mashie niblic! ond place to Byron Nelson, 22-year-old ing warning to golfers to make sure that Enough said except that his provincial Texarkana professional, who carded a amy swings for limbering purposes are handicap is 8. He will be missed by his 221-72—293 against Creavy’s 220-74— carried out in some far off corner by many friends in Montreal but will be a 294. Paul Runyan of White Plains, N. Y., themselves. cheery addition to golf on the coast. tied Creavy.

CanapIAN GoLFER—February, 1934

R.C.G.A. Meeting every one recognizes the value of the Interprovincial Match and the advantages that are divided from it, we would like (CONTINUED FROM PAGE 7) to emphasize that the responsibility for providing the team expenses rests primarily with the Provincial Associations. How- Following the policy adopted some years ago, your Com- mittee have, subject to the approval of this meeting, selected ever, the sacrifices that the Provincial Associations have made in the past and will have to make in the future, in sending the courses for the Tournaments for 1934. teams to compete in this Tournament must not be overlooked It is recommended that the invitation of the Laval sur la and it is the duty of our Association to aid them when neces- Lac Golf Club of Montreal for the Inter-provincial Matches sary and when our finances will permit. While it is to our and for the Amateur Championship be accepted and that the interest to have a representative Championship, it should also dates be agreed upon. be appreciated that the members of the teams from the vari- In the ordinary course of events the Open Championship ous Provinces also benefit by playing in the Tournament, an would also be held in Montreal, but, owing to the Toronto opportunity which otherwise might not be afforded to them. Centennial and the desire of the Committee in charge of that I have no doubt that the Provincial Associations appreciate this celebration to have as many major sporting events as possible and will continue to assume the responsibility, knowing that held in that city, the Quebec Committee have generously con- our Association will assist them wheneverpossible. sented to waive their rights. Your Committee therefore recom- mend that the invitation of the Lakeview Golf and Country It is clear that no definite policy can be laid down as to the extent of the contribution we should make. We have cer- Club for the Open Championship be accepted and the date tain responsibilities to our member clubs. It will be noticed fixed for August 2nd, 3rd and 4th, 1934. The financial position of the Association is set out in the with regret that our membership has been decreasing during Auditor’s statement accompanying this report. It will be the last three years and that the loss this year is substantial. noticed that after the payment of all ordinary expenditures, in- No doubt a number of those clubs which have resigned would cluding the sum of $1,935.69 for the Provincial Associations to still be members if it had been possible to reduce the yearly help defray expenses of their teams to the Interprovincial dues. Match, there is a surplus of $481.32. This satisfactory posi- It has been the policy of past Executives that the Associa- tion is accounted for largely by reduced ordinary expenditures tion should continue to add to the reserve until a sufficient and bythe increased receipts from the Amateur Championship, sum has been accumulated to take care of unforeseen contin- the Open Championship and from the Souvenir Book. The gencies that might arise in the future. While there may be a thanks of the Association are due to the members of the Special difference of opinion as to the amountof the reserve that we Committee who spent so much time in supervising the prep- should accumulate, it is my personal view that the amount is aration of the Souvenir Book. It was owing to to their efforts not yet large enough and that until it has reached the sum of and to the co-operation extended by the Vancouver Committee $10,000.00 we should not use too much of our surplus in good that the Association was able to make such a satisfactory prof- years by making more than a reasonable contribution to the it. Your Executive have decided that the yearly publishing of Provincial Associations; and after having donethis, if there is this book should be continued. still a substantial balance we should transfer a fair amount I particularly wish to refer to the action of your Commit- to our reserve and any balance left might well be used by re- tee in contributing so much of the Association’s funds to the ducing the yearly dues or using the money for other purposes Provincial Associations for their team expenses. It was felt which would be of general benefit to our members. This is a that this was a special year and that we could be moreliberal. question which should be given earnest consideration by the In doing this it was the feeling that our action should not be incoming Executive. taken as a precedent and that succeeding Committees would Considerable progress has been made in interesting the not necessarily be obliged to contribute as large an amount Provincial Associations in adopting the Provincial Handicap in future years unless the circumstances warranted it. While (CONTINUED ON PAGE 21)

ex ~ Scene at the Royal Colwood Course in Victoria which has recently been the centre of much activity as the headquarters for the Empress Mid-Winter Tournament CanapiAN GoLFerR— February, 1934

Macdonald Smith's Perfect Form Brings Results

Golf is one of the many games which may be said to run true to form, andrec- ords of outstanding successes in the history of this pastime will be found to reveal that the sound swinger or stylist will always find a place at the head of the list. There have been very few unorthodox golfers who have attained outstanding successes over a period of time, whereas a study of the golfing greats reveals that each have, without exception, been exam- ples of what might be termed perfect form. James Braid, J. H. Taylor, Harry Vardon, Walter Hagen, Macdonald Smith and Bobby Jones are names which will al- FENWICK ways represent smooth flowing and beau- TED FENWICK A. G. FENWICK DIGBY 1 father and son combination who will compete for Canada in Bermuda next month, Dighy will not compete in Bermuda tifully timed stroking. These names lead- but will play in the Southern States with another Bill, As a family foursome they would be hard to beat ing us up to the present generation which includes so many stylists that singling out individuals is almost unnecessary. Johnny A Colfers Will Ted Fenwick to Play in Bermuda Goodman, the youthful amateur, who Mr. Elliot Cumberland whorecently now holds the United States Open title died at the Coombe Hill Golf Club, one of Mr. Arthur G. Fenwick and Mr. G. E. bears out this point as golf writers have the best known clubs in the London “Ted” Fenwick, both of the Summerlea described his swing as poetry of motion (England) District, under the terms of Golf Club, Montreal are heading South attributing its smoothness and perfection his will devised that his body be cremated at the beginning of March for a stay in to his natural rythmic nature brought out and the ashes scattered amongst the blue- Bermuda which will allow them to com- by years of hard work. A tournament bells that grow in great profusion by the pete in the important golfing fixtures campaign of a smooth swinger will be a seventh fairway on the course. He is the scheduled during the first three weeks of lasting one, as borne out by that super- fourth English golfer the past year or so the month. The presence of this father stylist, Macdonald Smith, almost the old- who has made alike rather bizarre re- and son combination will give Montreal est of the campaigning pros, who during quest. and Canadaa strong representation in the recent winter months, was able to win for Mr. Cumberland was an Australian by Bermuda men’s amateur championship himself the most substantial total in cash birth but had resided in England since as Ted plays to a 3 handicap at his club, awards, and first ranking among the 1912. He amassed a fortune by the in- while pros on the California Coast. Macdonald vention of a system for the prevention the senior member of the family Smith has been pictured and placed be- of corrosion of immersed metals. He was can also support a club handicap in the fore the public as the perfect swinger for the owner of the Coombe Hill club house single figures. As a father and son com- a great many years, and analysis of his and course—a very valuable property in- bination, they have always been promin- pictures usually reveal the positions and deed, which he ruled with dynamic energy ent in Quebec tournaments, having this technique required by that imaginary and force, brooking no interference from year again finished in the runners up posi- player “perfect form”. the hundreds of members. He was a great tion, Mac. Smith collected for himself $2,- lover of flowers and of recent years had We wish Ted every success with the 093.00 in cash on this year’s Western win- expended £5000 in a Japanese garden at ter tour as a result of an average scoring Coombe Hill of which the professional is hope that another foreign title might be record of 71.1 strokes per round over the celebrated Archie Compston. brought to Canada. courses with an average par of 71. Paul Runyan was second best in this same Mid Winter Golf in Many Parts series of tournaments with the fine aver- More and more people are being edu- Calgary Golf & Cou age of 71.6 for each of his rounds. His ntry Golf Club, with cated each year to the fact that the term a fine entry list which i score of 282 in the Pasadino Open being ncluded such en- “Mid winter golf in Canada” is really not thusiasts as An among his best performances. Olin Dutra gus Osborne, Charlie Mit- a myth, but an absolute fact. On the chell, Alex Murray, Jack finished with an average of 71.9 strokes McBeth, George courses in Victoria and Vancouver playis Gasson, T per round, while Willie Hunter was next om Swann, NormanCollins and general throughout the entire year, and Jack with an even 72 as his standard. Wiffy Irwin. This tournament, however, during the winter months several fine was only one of the Cox, the Agua Caliente winner, was fifth many games which tournaments as well as regular club activi- were possible in Ca with an average of 72.1, Denny Shute lgary the latter part of ties are conducted. Golf, therefore, at the J t y could do no better than gain the sixth anuary his ear. end of January is not exceptional news From position with an average of 72.7. This farther East comes the news that when played on Canada’s far western two group took the first six places in total of Brockville’s most enthusiastic links- coast. We have however, two stories to re- earnings, collecting for themselves $10,- men were able to maintain their record of late which are in all probability just two at least o 487.00 of the $27,000.00 prize money ne game a month during the en- of many which might be told of golf beat stake. tire year. During January this year con- ing actually played this January, when ditions were not what they might have It is a strange fact that although Mac most of us would imagine that King Win- been, but both E. A. Streets and JudgeE. Smith will always be found near the top ter holds sway. J. Wright were undaunted, and byplay- of the list when average performances are At Calgary, Alberta, Wednesday, Janu- ing through snow and ice on January being given out, he has been the winner ary 31st, the Eaton Companyof that City 28th, were able to maintain their interest- of a few outstanding titles. held a mid winter tournament at the ing schedule. 20 CanapIAN GoLtFER— February, 1934

British Stars to Play in Toronto Laval Elects Officers Joseph A. Sayward Succombs Interest in Ladies’ golf in Canada will Of particular interest among the recent In the death of Mr. Joseph A. Sayward, certainly be at its peak during the forth- extensive list of club meetings is that of the city of Victoria, lost one of its most coming season, when the Canadian Ladies’ the Laval-sur-le-Lac Club of Montreal beloved residents who in his three score Golf Union entertain the team of British because this French-Canadian club is this years has generously served his fellow cit:- Ladies’ who are competing in Internation- year playing host to the Canadian Ama- zens. At the time of his death Mr. Say- al matches against the United States this teur Championship. Mr. Emile Chaput ward wasthe president of the Royal Col- year. British Ladies are stopping in Can- was elected president supported by that wood Golf Club which he along with his ada on their way through to the Inter- allround sportsman Ernest Savard as vice- golfing contemporaries had founded in national matches, at Washington D. C. president, Stephen Langevin is honorary the year 1912. Mr. Sayward since the in- on Sept. 27 and 28, and will remain in secretary-treasurer with the following di- ception of the club has always been its Toronto for the Canadian Ladies’ Open rectors. J. P. Rolland, A. Trigon, Paul A. moving spirit in whose interest he de- Championship as well as an International Berque, C. A. Beaudette, Paul Bienvenu, voted himself to the day of his death. As Team match against our Canadian stars. Rene Morin, A. Theberge, Honorary well as his interest in the Colwood Golf This visit of the British Ladies’ golf team Presidents, J. Theo Leclerc, Aime Cousin- Club he wasalso an official in the Seniors will provide one of the outstanding fea- eau, E. Gohier. From past experience it is Northwest Golf Association, of which he tures of this year’s centennial celebration in knownthat finer hosts than these French- is a past president, and in which he has Toronto, and will mark Canada’s initial Canadian gentlemen are not to be found. always been an active figure. entry to international golf competition as With their fine clubhouse as headquar- Apart from his golfing interests Mr. a team. ters contestants at Laval will be assured Sayward was a philanthropist who took The team match will be played at the every facility. Plans are also underway at an active interest in all welfare work, Toronto Golf Club on September 15th, the club to ensure a course that will be in donating lavishly of his means to the consisting of six singles and three four- the best possible playing condition. needy. some matches. Miss Enid Wilson, wholast e@ year threatened retirement, will captain the British team, while Miss Ada Macken- W.J. Sanson Honoured zie has been fittingly chosen as Cana- dian Captain. While we have the greatest The annual conference of the National respect of the playing ability of the Brit- Greenkeepers Association of America was ish invaders we do not hesitate to pre- held January 31st, February 1st and 2nd. dict that Canada’s first six lady stars will at the William Penn hotel, Pittsburgh be able to give an exceedingly good ac- and was attended by several hundred count of themselves in this particular con- members from the United States and test. Miss Ada Mackenzie in numberposi- Canada. Greenkeepers to-day are looked tion would be ably supported by such upon as “the backbone” of a golf course. players as Mrs. W. G. Fraser, Miss Marg- They have become a highly organized ery Kirkham, Mrs. E. H. Gooderham, and most intelligent body of men and a Mrs. C. §. Eddis, Mrs. A. B. Darling, Miss success of a golf club, more or less, de- Maud Smith, Mrs. E. W. Whittington, pends upon their efforts as a club is now Mrs. R. W. Gouinlock, without calling on known by its course more than by any similar talent which might be mustered other factor or feature. W. J. Sanson, from centres further East or West than Vice President of the Association and Montreal or Toronto. head greenkeeper of the Toronto Golf The Canadian Ladies’ Open Champion- Club, was one of the chief speakers at ship in recent years has failed to attract the conference. His subject was “Selling the interest of the leading American play- ourselves, to our officials.’ The paper ers, and as a result the Canadian Close created much favorable comment. At this event has practically been a repetition of meeting Mr. Sanson was elected president the Open championship in which few out- of the association for the ensuing year. siders have competed. With the automatic The first time this important post. has interest that will be created by the in- ever been held by a Canadian. clusion of the British stars in the Open Sansom, ‘ike many men in the green- field, it is natural to expect a powerful keeping profession, is English born, but contingent of American Stars to be pres- he has spent his entire career in golf course ent at Toronto on September 17th, which maintenance at the Toronto Golf Club. date has been chosen for the event. From Devonshire, England, his birthplace, The programmethis year has been ar- Sansom came to Toronto in 1913 to be- ranged so that both the British and the come the Toronto club’s gardener, an art American players will have ample time to he had followed extensively in his native take in both the Canadian and American land. After two years’ service he was events with a minimum of travel, and To- made greenkeeper of the course. ronto galleries can, therefore, look for- Sansom was one of the charter mem- ward to this year’s Canadian Open cham- bers of the Ontario Greenkeepers’ Associa- pionships, knowing that the field will in- tion, which was organized in 1924, two clude the best lady golfers in the world. years before the National Association was The Open championship will be played formed in Toledo. The Ontario body over the Toronto Golf Club course. Start- started with 11 members and to-day num- ing Sept. 17th. bers more than 30, Sansom has beenpresi- The Close championship will be held at MRS N. R. DESBRISAY dent of the group since its inception and the Scarboro Golf & Country Club, in Mrs. Desbrisay of Winnipeg Manitoba, has seen other district associations spring Toronto, the week previous to the Open holder of the Brewster Cup won at the up in Quebec, Manitoba and other proy- Banff Springs Hotel Golf Course last event, thereby affording the Canadian June who tied for first place in the inces. players every opportunity to compete in Qualifying round of the women’s mid- Mr. Sansom’s eldest son, Reg. became a winter tournament at Victoria. Miss both events. The close event will be played Dorothy Fletcher of Victoria tied Mrs. golf pro at the age of 16. He is now in- from September 10th to the 14th. Desbrisay with an 81 structor at Thistledown Golf Club. 21 Canapian Gotrer— February, 1934 R.C.G.A. Meeting Canada’s Best in South

(CONTINUED FROM PAGE 18) system. The Manitoba Association has already put it into effect and it is expected that the British Columbia Association will do likewise this coming year. It has been suggested that a handicap limit of six for the Open and Amateur Champion- ships should be fixed by the Association, and that each player who has such a provincial handicap should be recognized as having a R. C. G, A. handicap and therefore be entitled to play in National Championships. A national handicap lis: could be published each year. It is thought that this might create a greater interest in handicapping throughout the var'- ous Provinces. The suggestion is well worthy of consideration. There is no doubt that it would bring about greater uniformity in handicapping. While it might be necessary for the next few years to raise at times the handicap limit for the Amateur Championship, depending upon the place where the Tourna- mentis held, as long as we continue our present method of play the time is not far distant when it will be found that the limit must be lowered in order to restrict the number of those entering. . I would like again to bring to your attention the suggestion made by your President in his report for the year 1931 that our Amateur Championship should be played in the same manner as the British Championship is played, by eliminating the qualifying round and the substitution of a whole week of 18 hole match play, with the exception of the finals which would be 36 holes. There is considerable merit in this suggestion as the Championship would then be entirely one of match play and would not be restricted to the 32 who qualify. An equal opportunity would then be afforded to all those entering to

compete in a purely match play competition. It would also JULES HUOT permit a larger numberof entries. It is very desirable that there Professional Kent Golf Club Quebec should be uniformity in the playing of the three Champion- Huot, leading French Canadian professional of the ships. As this method has now been adopted by the United Jules Quebec City whohas played great golf in the States Golf Association for their Amateur Championship this Kent Golf Club, nd of 68 in the final days year, the suggestion should be given serious consideration, south this winter. A beautiful rou Miami Open Tournament brought Jules into the It was suggested this year that we should permit the hold- play of the prize money in this important event. On this occasion Jules er of the Championship to take part in the match play without scored 291 for 72 holes. being compelled to qualify. As the qualifying round is only ancillary to the Championship proper, it would seem to be only proper that the defending champion be permitted to defend by member clubs. Under the Constitution therefore no election his title without having to qualify. will be necessary. On behalf of the Association I desire to thank The thanks of the Association are due to the members of the members of the Nominating Committee for carrying out the Rules of Golf Committee for their work during the year, the duties that were entrusted to them. and particularly to the Chairman, Mr. R. C. H. Cassels, who, Owing to the manner in which our Association is organ- as in the past, has given so muchof his time and experience for ized with members on the Executive fromall parts of Canada, the benefit of golf in Canada. It is very gratifying to know it is difficult to hold meetings as often as is desirable, and many that the work of this Committee last year in connection with of the problems that come up for consideration must necessarily the revision of the Rules of Golf by the Royal and Ancient be dealt with by correspondence. It has been suggested that Golf Club resulted in the adoption of most of their recom- smaller sub-committees might be appointed, similar to our mendations. The revised rules came into force on January Ist. Rules of Golf Committee, which would have charge of the Under the By-laws of our Association they are now in effect different activities of the Association. I am mentioning this in Canada and in future all our competitions will be played suggestion in order that the incoming Executive might give under them. it consideration, as it would undoubtedly save considerable de- It is pleasant to record that very little difficulty was en- lay in dealing with the many problems that come up from time countered by your Executive in reference to breaches of the to time. Amateur Rule. A numberof applications for reinstatement to Now that my termof office is over I wish to thank each amateur standing were received by your Committee and were and every member of the Executive for the assistance and sup- dealt with after reports had been received from the Provincial port that I received from them during the year. As a major Associations where the applicants resided. portion of the matters coming up for consideration arose in Considerable progress was made in the work carried on the East, the responsibility for dealing with them naturally at the Turf Garden established over two years ago at the Royal fell upon Mr. Forster at Montreal and Mr. Plant at Toronto, I York Club at Toronto. It is now possible to derive benefit from cannot emphasize too strongly my appreciation of the wil- the results of the experiments being carried on. During the lingness shown by both of these gentlemen in carrying out summer a pamphlet was sent out to all our members containing the many tasks that fell to them, and in spending so much much useful information relating to the growing of grasses of their time in looking after the affairs of the Association and to the use of fertilizers. Your Executive have had under which are ordinarily the duties of your President. I cannot but consideration a plan whereby the distribution among our mem- help refer to the wisdom of your action of ast year in approv- bers of the bulletin of the United States Green Section might ing of the amendment to the Constitution making the Past- be resumed. It is to be hoped that the incoming Executive will Presidents Ex-officio members of the Committee for a period deal with this at an early date in the new year, of three years. In many matters of importance which came up It will be observed that the report of the Nominating for discussion the advice received from Mr. Collyer and Mr. ¥ < Committee has not been changed by any further nominations Plant was very valuable and helpful to the Committee.

CanapiAn Gotrer— February, 1934 Ontario Golf Association Headed By George L. Robinson

At the annual general meeting of the In Mr. Geo. L. Robinson the association Harold Firstbrook, Lambton, Toronto. Ontario Golf Association held on Feb. 3rd have made a wise choice for president. A C. E. Platt, Windsor, Ont. in the Royal York Hotel. Mr. Geo. L. more energetic and determined head Geo. Long, Westmount, Kitchener. Robinson was elected to the presidency. would be difficult to find and under his Robert Abbott, Peterboro. The official reports of activities during direction an active and prosperous sea- C. Bruce Hill, St. Catharines. 1933 which were submitted by president son may be anticipated. There is no pro- Joseph Sedgewick, Cedar Brook, To- Gordon Cassells and his executive showed vincial association in the country that is ronto. that the association had expanded consid- confronted with the difficult problems While those returned to office were: A. erably during 1933 having laid a founda- which the Ontario Executives must solve A. Adams, Dr. W. J. Brown, L. M. Wood tion upon which the incoming executive and their task is not an easy one. There is R. M. Gray, Dr. W. C. Gwens, Frank will be able to build. A Provincial handi- much to be done in Ontario by the goy- Hay, Geo. S. Lyon, G. W. Wigle, and E. capping system was successfully installed erning association before things are as C. Gould, with W. J. Thompson, secre- and a series of handicapping field days they should be, hard work that could tary-treasurer. were operated to allow contestants in out- keep a small office staff busy is carried Dates and courses for major events were side points to establish their provincial out by executives who serve only because set by the meeting as follows: rating. The detailed results of these events they are interested. This type of service is June 13th.—Invitation tournament Lon- were published in our January issue. Fi- deserving of the best possible support and don Hunt Club. nancially the association showed a small Ontario golfers should rally behind their June 28-29-30.—Ontario Open Amateur operating profit which under the circum- executives. Essex County Golf & Country Club. stances was a splendid showing. This com- This year’s slate has many new names July 24.—Ontario Open at Mississauga. ing season should see the income sub- and although they are new names to some everyone is a worthy representative of his Aug. 27.—Ontario Parent & Child tour- stantially increased as the handicapping nament at Rosedale. system is extended and the revenue from district. Mr. E. C. Gould, Brantford is Sept. 15.—Ontario Fall Tournament at field days is automatically increased. vice-president for 1934. The new members are: Brantford. In fact it is natural to expect that Hugh McCullough, Waterloo. The Ontario Intermediate champion- the Ontario Association will grow to be Frank Ritchie, Brockville. ship will be played some time in August. the strongest and wealthiest golf bodyin Elmer Dixon, Oshawa. Field Day dates will be announced in the the country. R. K. Young, Summit, Toronto. near future. P.Q.G.A. Handicaps (Continued)

14 M. Seafield Grant. 15 A. Howatson 16 Wm. Wray. 19 A. T. Howard. 14 J. W. Hammond. 15 L. C. Junod. 16 Frank Wright. 19 E. Moore. 14 W. C. Harrison, Jr. 15 J. D. Kearney. 19 L. M. Murphy. 14 R. D. Hearn 15 Dr. L. E. Kent. 17 F. R. Ames. 19 H. R. Perrault. 14 P. Hilliard. 15 J.. AvnKerr, 17 Geo. A. Davidson. 19 G. A. Robinson. 14 J. Jaques. 15 M. Kirsch. 17 L. je Darty; Jr: 19 H. R. Rowe. 14 He °C. Joy; 15 S. A. Mansfield. 17 D. S. Fraser. 14 Dr. C. R. Joyce. 15 R. H. Morewood. 17 B. Friedman. 20 J. C. Dawson 14 Paul Lamarre. 15 F. D. Moos. 17 N. Hanna. 20 Paul Ethier 14 Paul Mauviel. 15 H. A. Newmark. 7; A. B. Jarvis. 20 W. H. Haire. 14 W. S. Mills. . 15 Geo. W. Noseworthy. 17 J. M. G. Lockerby. 20 A. W.Kerr. 14 F. A. Monk. 15 H. R. Sr. Pickens. 17 P. S. MacNutt. 20 J. Lassaul. 14 D. Murray. 15 R. Roberts. 7, R. S. Smith. 20 V. Spencer 14 W. L. Nason. 15 Romeo Rolland. 17 S. W. Tilden. 20 S. B. Wickes. 14 Arthur Painchaud 15 J. A. Ryan. 17 N. A. Timmins. 20 C. R. Wilson. 14 (Cre Pick: 15 Maurice Samson. 17 H. G. Timmins. 14 Jean Paul Rolland 15 D. Seiden. Wp H. B. Wickes. 21 O. Bisette. 14 Marc Rolland. 15 J. H. Stedman. 2 Wm.C, Melville. 14. Jay Ronalds. 15 R. B. Thomson. 18 D. J. Beatty. 14 W. E. Rudel. 15 F. H. Vass. 18 Col. A. de M. Bell. 22 Jos. Fortier. 14 J. G. Smith. 15 Dr. A. L. Walsh. 18 Dexton Borronow. 22 Geo. Kent. 14 Wm. Spark. 15 A. Whitelaw. 18 G. M. Boulton. 22 W.S. Lucas. 14 E. Thomson. 18 Jas. Brown. eZ E. F. McMahon. 14 Neville B. Turgeon. 16 Jos. Cattarinich. 18 Henry Bumbray. 22 H. L. Moulton. 14 W. L. Waddell. 16 A. A. Eaves. 18 J. R. Dupuis 22 C. V. M. Townsend. 14 J. R. Wallace. 16 J. W. Fairfield. 18 PW. Earl: 22 Zenon Trudeau. 14 W. J. Wardle. 16 A. D. Ferguson. 18 Geo. Ganetakos. 14 J. Wheatley. 16 T. Irving. 18 H. A. Green. 23 J. N. Stephenson. 14 D. Williamson. 16 D. W. Johnston. 18 Dr. Geo. Hale. 23 J. P. Tremblay. 14 W. H. Wilson. 16 Pete Kelly. 18 Alfred Lapointe. 16 Capt. T. O. Leggett. 18 J. Laporte. 24 Martin Barry. 15 J. H. Andrews. 16 H. Levetus. 18 L. L. Lewis 24 Jos. Beaudin. 15 X. Bailet. 16 Lawrence Mahaffy. 18 a. oKxaite: 24 F. H. Carlin. 15 E. W. Barnes. 16 John. P. Mines. 18 J. A. Taylor. 24 C. J. Carmody. 15 J. E. Boudreau. 16 E. G. Montgomery. 18 C. F. K. Woodyatt. 24 J. H. Dunlop. 15 J. R. Bourassa. 16 L. T. Parsonage. 24 F. C. Folden. 15 R. (CClark: 16 F. T. Ransom. 24 E. J. Gardner. 5 Dr. Gavin Chisholm. 16 Alphonse Raymond, Jr. 19 F. G. Aylmer. 24 T. J. Guilboard. 15 Gordon Cahoon. 16 C. R. Redfern. 19 L. J. Beaudoin. 24 Thos. Kane. 15 W. R. Elvidge. 16 Andre Rolland. 19 A. Bethurame 24 F. Geo. MacLean. 15 M. R. Ferguson. 16 B. A. Ryan. 19 A. H. Bissonnette. 24 Frank Sylvestre 15 Andy Gollant. 16 C. D. Taylor. 19 G. R. Fanning. 24 Maurice Vallee.

CanapiAN Go.rer— February, 1934

Professional Changes

Recent announcements showthat there will be several professional changes made before the start of the forthcoming season. In the Ottawa district a general shake-up is being ef- fected, as Ernie Wakelam shifts his professional post to the Gatineau Country Club, leaving his post to be filled by Jack Littler, one of Ottawa’s most prominent young professionals. Bobby Alston, formerly assistant professional to Ted Clay at Rivermead, will this year take full charge of the professional duties at the Chaudiere Club at Ottawa. Les Franks, formerly of Crestwood, will this year, do his teaching at the Coburg club, where Archie Bloor has been in charge. Archie has transferred his interest to an Orillia club, Changes in Toronto have already been recorded, but still another comes in the announcement that Reg Batley formerly of the Ladies’ club will succeed Billie McWilliams as the pro at Thistledown. Batley is the Secretary of the Ontario Pro- fessionals Golfers’ Association, and in recent years has proven himself one of the best of the Ontario Brigade.

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24. Canapian GoLFrer—February, 1934

Fine Turf Maintenance Grasses exhibit marked differences in their ability to withstand acidity. Bents and fescue grow over a wider range of re- (CONTINUED FROM PAGE 16) action than Kentucky blue grass, for they continue normal growth in soils too acid to support blue grass. sible for the decay of applied plant and animal residues. During Acidity affects the physical condition of heavy soils ad- decay, the plant food elements are converted into forms which the plants can use. versely, because acid clay particles do not form compound When conditions are favorable, soil organisms are tireless granules. Additions of lime promotes granulation, which is one of the reasons for its beneficial effect upon the physical condi- workers. These essentials are, supply of decomposable organic matter, favorable temperatures, desirable soil reaction, presence tion of strongly acid heavy soils. of needed mineral nutrient elements, and soil air for the best Most of the desirable soil organisms thrive in soils ap- organisms require oxygen. These are the same conditions re- proaching a neutral reaction. Their activity is curtailed as acid- quired byplants, so organsims will flourish if soil conditions are ity increases. made favorable for the turf grasses. Low content of available phosphorus is usually associated with acidity, and even added soluble phosphate fertilizers may Abundant Mineral Plant Food Elements be converted into relatively insoluble forms. Extreme alkaline reaction tends to render iron, manganese, and other so-called Seven of the chemical elements required by grasses are ob- basic elements unavailable. tained fromthe soil. These are nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, For all practical purposes, soils approaching neutrality calcium, magnesium, sulphur and iron. In addition, minute maybebest, although reasonable acidity on greens may be an amounts of manganese, copper, boron, etc., which recent investi- advantage to help discourage weeds and clover. gation show to be necessary, are also obtained from the soil. Usually soils contain an abundance of all elements except Absence of Toxic Substances three, and maybe deficient in one or more of these — nitrogen, Occasionally toxic substances in the soil inhibit turf phosphorus and potassium. growth. Excessive copper from the use of Bordeaux mixture to Since nitrogen exists in the darker colored organic matter, control brown patch may prove troublesome, for the effects dark colored soils contain more nitrogen than light colored soils. persist. The use of too large quantities of soluble fertilizer may Phosphorus and potassium exist mainly in the mineral fraction check or even kill the grass. This is temporary, and can be cor- of the soil, and are most abundant in the finer particles silt and rected by leaching with water. In water-logged soil the products clay. In general, sands may be deficient in all three elements. of bacterial decay are sometimes toxic. If the soil is well treated Sandy loams, loams and clays are high in potassium, may need and kept in good physical condition, there is little danger of phosphorus, and almost always respond to additions of nitrogen. toxic conditions developing unless harmful substances are ac- Proper Soil Reaction tually applied.

Soils maybe acid, neutral or alkaline in reaction. Besidesits direct effect on plant growth, reaction affects physical soil con- i Fairway Watering dition, activity of soil organisms and availability of mineral (CONTINUED FROM PAGE 10) nutrients. mum, and while the mechanical renovating of the turf is de-

sirable, it is possible to cut it down to a quarter of what would ordinarily be needed. In addition, the plant finds it less difficult to thrive on a loose soil than on a tight, rock-like mass such as one finds in baked conditions. MURRAY’S Where sandy soil is the menace the treatment is to build up the soil by the aid of humus so that it will retain its moisture, which normally would leach rapidly through the open GOLF SCHOOL quartz grains of sand. Where a dependable system of irrigation is installed, the cost of such procedure is decreased, because an abundance of humus is not necessary. It does not require a ALBERT H. MURRAY great deal of time before the turf is sufficiently luxurious to Twice Open Champion of Canada. build up a root growth sufficient to retain its own moisture Former Professional Champion of Canada over longer periods. and Quebec Open Champion. Weeds, The Curse of the Earth Professional at Beaconsfield Golf Club Weeds have a faculty of thriving best under conditions which are unfavorable to the growth of good grass. Certain weeds love an over-abundance of water which normally sours 627 DORCHESTER ST. WEST the soil. The solution of that problem is a question of drainage. Opposite Henry Gatehouse But there are many tap-rooted weeds which, because of their physical make-up, can withstand drought better than grass. Practice will prepare you for a good season. It is For that reason the grass becomes scarce and the weeds more time to start now. Strengthen your grip and put abundant. Now with regular watering and plant food, the your muscles in condition. Book in now and enjoy grass will be brought to a stage where it can vigorously compete the full time at practice. with the weeds and for the most part defeat them, causing the weeds to decrease and the grass to become lush. Summing up, we find that rainfall independence through Montreal’s Finest Golf School a watering system will lower seeding costs, improve, fertilize: results, eliminate turf repair expenses, improve the mechanica! 7 Practice Courts. Appliances for Developing Your condition of the soil, aid growth in clay and sandy soil, and Putting Touch eliminate weeds to a great extent. Besides these factors, we have the pleasure of walking over PRIVATE COURTS FOR LESSONS lush carpet-like turf that is restful rather than fatiguing, and enjoying the aesthetic value of looking at a uniform greens- ward. We may revel in the pleasure of playing a crisp clean For Appointment Phone HA. 3010 iron and feel it drive through firm, sturdy turf, rather than skid ‘in rock-bound clay or dusty sand. It appears to me that the “New Deal” for golf courses will be an irrigation system.

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