NATIONAL HISTORIC LANDMARK NOMINATION NPS Form 10-900USDI/NPS NRHP Registration Form (Rev. 8-86) OMB No. 1024-0018 PINEHURST HISTORIC DISTRICT United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Registration Form ▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄ 1. NAME OF PROPERTY Historic Name: Pinehurst Historic District Other Name/Site Number: ▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄ 2. LOCATION Street & Number: Located at and around Not for publication:_ N/A _ the junction of NC 5 and NC 2 City/Town: Pinehurst Vicinity:N/A State: NC County: MOORE Code: 125 Zip Code:_28374__ ▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄ 3. CLASSIFICATION Ownership of Property Category of Property Private:_X_ Building(s):___ Public-local:_X__ District:_X_ Public-State:_X_ Site:___ Public-Federal:_X_ Structure:___ Object:___ Number of Resources within Property Contributing Noncontributing _289_ _101_ buildings __11_ ___2_ sites ___3_ __10_ structures ___0_ ___2_ objects _303_ _115_ Total Number of Contributing Resources Previously Listed in the National Register:_160_ Name of related multiple property listing: N/A NATIONAL HISTORIC LANDMARK NOMINATION NPS Form 10-900USDI/NPS NRHP Registration Form (Rev. 8-86) OMB No. 1024-0018 PINEHURST HISTORIC DISTRICT Page 2 United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Registration Form ▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄ 4. STATE/FEDERAL AGENCY CERTIFICATION As the designated authority under the Historic Sites Act of 1935, and the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, I hereby certify that this ____ nomination ____ request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Historic Landmarks Program and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 65. In my opinion, the property ____ meets ____ does not meet the National Historic Landmarks criteria. ___________________________________________ _______________________ Signature of Certifying Official Date _________________________________________________________________ _____ State or Federal Agency and Bureau In my opinion, the property ____ meets ____ does not meet the Historic Landmarks criteria. ____________________________________________ _______________________ Signature of Commenting or Other Official Date _________________________________________________________________ _____ State or Federal Agency and Bureau ▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄ 5. NATIONAL PARK SERVICE CERTIFICATION I hereby certify that this property is: ____ Entered in the National Historic Landmarks Register __________ ____ Determined eligible for the __________________________________ National Register ____ Determined not eligible for the ______________________________ National Register ____ Removed from the National Register ___________________________ ____ Other (explain): NATIONAL HISTORIC LANDMARK NOMINATION NPS Form 10-900USDI/NPS NRHP Registration Form (Rev. 8-86) OMB No. 1024-0018 PINEHURST HISTORIC DISTRICT Page 3 United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Registration Form _____________________________________________ _________________________________ ____________________________ Signature of Keeper Date of Action ▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄ 6. FUNCTION OR USE Historic: Sub: Domestic Single Dwelling Domestic Multiple Dwelling Domestic Hotel Commerce/Trade Business " Financial Institution " Specialty Store " Restaurant Social Club House Government Post Office Religion Religious Facility " Church Related Residence Recreation and Culture Theater " " Music Facility " " Recreation Facility " " Outdoor Recreation Agriculture/Subsistence Animal Facility " " Horticulture Facility Landscape Park Current: Sub: Domestic Single Dwelling Domestic Multiple Dwelling Domestic Hotel Commerce/Trade Business " Financial Institution " Specialty Store " Restaurant Social Club House Government Post Office Religion Religious Facility " Church Related Residence Recreation and Culture Theater " " Music Facility " " Recreation Facility " " Outdoor Recreation Landscape Park ▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄ 7. DESCRIPTION NATIONAL HISTORIC LANDMARK NOMINATION NPS Form 10-900USDI/NPS NRHP Registration Form (Rev. 8-86) OMB No. 1024-0018 PINEHURST HISTORIC DISTRICT Page 4 United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Registration Form ARCHITECTURAL CLASSIFICATION: LATE VICTORIAN/Queen Anne Shingle Style LATE 19TH AND 20TH CENTURY Tudor Revival Classical Revival Late Gothic Revival Mission Revival LATE 19TH AND EARLY 20TH CENTURY MATERIALS: Foundation: Brick Walls: Wood/weatherboard " /shingle " /log Brick Stone Stucco Roof: Metal/tin " /copper Asphalt Asbestos Terra Cotta Stone/slate Other: Metal/cast iron Concrete Glass NATIONAL HISTORIC LANDMARK NOMINATION NPS Form 10-900USDI/NPS NRHP Registration Form (Rev. 8-86) OMB No. 1024-0018 PINEHURST HISTORIC DISTRICT Page 5 United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Registration Form Describe Present and Historic Physical Appearance. PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION - PINEHURST The Village of Pinehurst today is a lush resort paradise, green in all seasons and filled with the buildings of its birth and development during the last years of the nineteenth century and first several decades of the twentieth century. The core of wooded village green, hotels, shops, churches, and late nineteenth-early twentieth century cottages spreads outward along curving and concentric roads to include the larger estates of the 1910s and 1920s. Throughout, mature landscaping envelopes the various parts into a unified whole. On the south side of the village, manicured golf courses, tennis courts, and an equine sports facility provide the physical setting for the resort's primary recreational activities. Pinehurst, located 650 feet above sea level in the Sandhills of southeastern North Carolina, fits a 1909 description of the place as published in THE PINEHURST OUTLOOK. It is truly "an oasis in the desert." The Pinehurst Historic District consists of 418 total resources, of which 390 are buildings, 13 are sites, 13 are structures, and 2 are objects. Of the 418 total resources, 319 are primary resources (e.g. houses) and 99 are secondary resources (e.g. outbuildings). Approximately 75% (240), of the primary resources contribute to the historic character of the district. Of the non-contributing primary resources, approximately 72% (57) post-date the district's period of significance. The physical plan for Pinehurst was prepared in 1895 by the firm of Olmsted, Olmsted and Eliot of Brookline, Massachusetts. Although Frederick Law Olmsted, Sr. was involved with the conceptual planning of the place, the major design work and implementation were carried out by one of Olmsted's assistants, Warren H. Manning. Manning was involved from the beginning and continued to work with Pinehurst for several decades, planning and directing any changes in the layout of the village and working with more than a score of property owners on their own private cottage grounds and gardens. Manning himself best describes, in the December 10, 1897 issue of THE PINEHURST OUTLOOK, the landscaping task at Pinehurst. To provide a healthful, convenient and attractive town in which home-like accommodations and varied means of recreation could be secured at a moderate cost, in a region having a superior climate, but where much of the landscape had been made unattractive by fire, the axe and the poverty of the soil, was the problem presented to the landscape architects of Pinehurst. The hundred-acre town site is made up a succession of broad ridges and valleys which merge into each other so NATIONAL HISTORIC LANDMARK NOMINATION NPS Form 10-900USDI/NPS NRHP Registration Form (Rev. 8-86) OMB No. 1024-0018 PINEHURST HISTORIC DISTRICT Page 6 United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Registration Form gradually that it is hard to realize that there is a variation of over fifty feet in elevation in different parts of the ground. The dry upland has a less varied and interesting growth for the greater part of the year, the larger growth being made up of scrubby and stunted oaks, tall swindling pines--many dead and all with woefully scarred trunks. Under these trees is a ground covering of tuft grasses or a surface of nearly bare sand which is densely littered in many places with a ghastly ruin of fallen trunks, blackened stumps and decayed branches. It was on the topography and in the landscape that I have described that the landscape architects were called upon to design an attractive village. The site selected for them to do this was on the dry upland--not in the moist rich green valleys. The wide sweeping slopes and valleys suggested a broad treatment and required a curvilinear system of roads. It became at once evident that artificial means must be resorted to if an attractive evergreen landscape was to be provided during the winter, and an abundance of flowers during the early spring--conditions which would not be presented by the original landscape. Upon a topographical survey of the town site prepared by the engineer the plan of the town was studied. Its central feature was the Village Green, located in a broad, shallow amphitheater-like valley, and designed to be the heart of the village, with the inn, the hall, the store and the casino sites at its head on the main street and