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Proceedings of a Conference on the Educational and Occupational Needs of Asian-Pacific-American Women (San Francisco, California, August 24-25, 1976)

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Proceedings of a Conference on the Educational and Occupational Needs of Asian-Pacific-American Women (San Francisco, California, August 24-25, 1976) DOCUMENT RESUME ED 273 727 UD 025 098 TITLE Proceedings of a Conference on the Educational and Occupational Needs of Asian-Pacific-American Women (San Francisco, California, August 24-25, 1976). INSTITUTION National Inst. of Education (ED), Washington, DC. Teaching and Learning Program. PUB DATE Oct 80 NOTE 381p.; For related documents on Conferenceson the Educational and Occupational Needs of Black, Hispanic-American, American Indian and White Ethnic Women, see ED 156 768, ED 157 961, ED 194 259 and ED 194 421. PUB TYPE Collected Works - Conference Proceedings (021)-- Viewpoints (120) -- Information Analyses (070) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC16 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Asian Americans; Educational Attainment; Ethnic Groups; *Family Life; *Females; Immigrants; *Pacific Americans; Public Policy; Social Science Research; *Socioeconomic Status; *Womens Education ABSTRACT Papers presented at a 1976 conference on Asian-Pacific American women are collected in thisreport. Most are directed towards the purpose of the conference, whichwas to produce an agenda for research that will shape policy on Asian-Pacific American womens' educational and occupational needs.In addition to 14 papers, the report includes a general overview and outline of recommendations. The papers' titles (and authors)are: (1) "Keynote Address" (Juanita Tamayo Lott); (2) "Sone Effects of Childrearing Practices on the Value Systems of Asian-American Women" (FeC. Nievera); (3) "Mental Health Issues among Asian-AmericanWomen" (Reiko Homme-True); (4) Impediments to Asian-Pacfic-AmericanWomen Organizing" (Germaine Q. Wong); (5) "Asian Women in Professional Health Schools, with Emphasis on Nursing" (Fe V. Loo);(6) "Educational Alternatives for Asian-Pacific Women" (DorothyL. Cordova); (7) "Chairperson's Report" (Setsuko Matsunaga Nishi);(0) "Immigration of Asian Women and the Status of Recent AsianWomen Immigrants" (Canta Pian); (9) "The Effects of Asian-AmericanKinship Systems on Women's Educational and Occupational Attainment" (Masako Murakami Osako); (10) "The Early Socialization of Asian-American Female Children" (Lily Wong Fillmore and JacquelineLeong Cheong); (11) "Economic and Employment Status of Asian-Pacific Women" (Pauline L. Fong and Amado Y. Cabezas); (12) "Social Mbbility of AsianWtmen in America: A Critical Review" (Lucie Cheng Hirata); (13)"Elderly Pacific Island and Asian-American Women: A Framework for Understanding" (Sharon M. Fujii); and (14) "Asian Wives ofU.S. Servicemen: Women in Triple Jeopardy" (Bok-Lin C. Kim).Two appendices include a list of participants andprograms sponsored by the National Institute of Education on minorities andwomen. (EH) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ** * * * * * * * * * * * ** ** ** * ** * * ** * * ***** * ** * ** * * * * * * * * * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best thatcan be made * * from the original document. * *********************************************************************** U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office at Educational Research and Improvement "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY CENTER (ERIC) geThisdocument has been reproduced as 6 Zr recerved from tne person or orgerszation onginating it. 0 Minor changes have been mode to improve rroroduction quality. Points Mines, or opulent 'Med in Pus docu- ment do not necessanly represent official TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES OERI position or policy. INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)." CONFERENCE ON THE EDUCATIONAL AND OCCUPATIONAL NEEDS OF ASIAN-PACIFIC-AMERICANWOMEN August 24 and 25, 1976 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Shirley M. Hufstedler, Secretary Steven A. Minter, Under Secretary OFFICE OF EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH ANDIMPROVEMENT F. James Rutherford, AssistantSecretary NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION Michael Timpane, Director Lois-ellin Datta, Associate Directorfor Teaching and Learning Susan Chipman, Assistant Directorfor Learning and Development October 1980 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. GovermentPrinting Office. Washington. D.C. MOY 3 FOREWORD The National Institute of Education (NIE)was created by Congress in 1972 as the primary Federalagency for educational research and develop- ment. It is now part of the Office of EducationalResearch and Improve- ment, U.S. Department of-Education. NIE'spolicy is established by the National Council on Educational Research, whose 15members are appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate. The Institute's mission is twofold: to promote educational equity and to improve the quality of educational practice. To this end, NIE supports research and dissemination activities that willhelp individuale--regard- less of race,sex,age,economic status, ethnic origin,or handicapping condition--realize their full potential througheducation. To address the issues of educationaland occupational equality for women and to identify factors contributing to the underrepresentationof minority women in education andwork, NIE held a series of conferences between 1975 and 1978 to solicit the views ofBlack, Hispanic-American, Asian-Pacific-American, American Indian,and white ethnic women. This volume contains the papers presented at theconference on the concerns of Asian-Pacific-American women as well as individal and group recommendations from the participants. Included are policy,research, social, and humanitarian concerns, muchof whose implementaUon fall beyond the mission, purview, and resources of NIE and theDepartment of Education. Therefore, NIE is now making them availableto a wider audience. These conferences were conceived,planned, and coordinated by the former Women's Research Program at NIE. In 1978, the administrative struc- ture at NIE was reorganized into three broadprogram areas: Teaching and Learning (T & L); Educational Policy andOrganization (EPO); and Dissemina- tion and Improvement of Practice (DIP). The program activities previously undertaken by the Women's Research Programwere expanded to involve three groups: the Social Processes/Women's Research Teamin the Learning and Development unit of T & L; the Women'sStudies Team in EPO; and the Minor- ities and Women's Program in DIP. Several other teams focus their atten- tion on special topics suchas women and mathematics, career development in women, and teenage pregnancy. The minority women's conference markedthe initial step in opening a dialog among researchers,practitioners,activists,policymakers, and a Federal educationalagency. The actual publication of the confermce reports has experienced various delays, but NIEhas already acted on many conference recommendations. For instance, recent grants competitions have emphasized participation by minoritiesand women as grantrecipients, reviewers, panelists,and as the target population in currentresearch efforts. A sample of recent NIE-sponsored research focusing on minority women's issues is given in appendix B. Theresearch agendafor minoritiesandwomen atNIE hasgrown considerably since the first conference 4 years ago. The Social Proc- esses/Women's Research Team is developing a research area plan that focuses on how the immediate social environment affects thelearning, development, and lifetime opportunities of the individual. The Minorities and Women's Program is sponsoring programs to strengthen minority and women policy- makers and researchers. In addition,many organizations,such as the National CommisPion on Working Women, emerged as a direct result of the conferences. Creditfoy making the conferences a reality goes to Jean Lipman-Blumen, head of the former Women's Research Program, and the members of her team--Christina Hristakos, Carol Crump, and Joan Aliberti. Credit for making theconferences a success goes tothe patient and devoted participants, the chairpersons, and the innumerablebehind-the-scenes contributors who supplied invaluable contacts, advice, encouragement, and motivation. Rosalind Wu supervised the final editorial process. This publication is a tribute to the labors and generosity of all those people. iv CONTENTS Pa&e Foreword iii i. Overview 1 II. Keynote Address Juanita Tamayo Lott 7 III. Recommondations 17 IV. Group I: Community Organizers 27 Summary of Papers 30 Some Effects of Childrearing Practices on the Value Systems of Asian-American Women Fe C. Nievera 39 Mental Health Issues Among Asian-American Women Reiko Homma-True 65 Impediments to Asian-Pacific-American Women Organizing Germaine 0. Wong 89 Asian Women in Professional Health Schools, With Emphasis on Nursing Fe V. Loo 105 Educational Alternatives for Asian-Pacific Women Dorothy L. Cordova 135 V. Group II: Researchers 157 Chairperson's Report Setsuko Matsunaga ishi 160 Immigration of Asian Women and the Status of Recent Asian Women Immigrants Canta Pian 181 The Effects of Asian-American Kinship Systems on Women's Educational and Occupational Attainment Masako Murakami Osako 211 6' Page The Early Socialization of Asian-American Female Children Lily Wong Fillmore and Jacqueline Leong Cheong 237 Economic and Employment Status of Asian-Pacific Women Pauline L. Fong and Amado Y. Cabezas 255 Social Mobility of Asian Women in America: A Critical Review Lucie Cheng Hirata 323 Elderly Pacific Island and Asian-American Women: A Framework for Understanding Sharon M. Fujii 343 Asian Wives of U.S. Servicemen: Women in Triple Jeopardy Bok-Lim C. Kim 359 Appendixes 381 A. Participants 383 B. Sample of NIE-Funded Projects 387 vi I. Overview s CHAPTER I OVERVIEW Asian-Pacific-American women are descended from proud traditions as diverse as they are ancient. They speak
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