Vitenskapens Rolle I Roald Amundsens Planlagte Ekspedisjon Over Polhavet

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Vitenskapens Rolle I Roald Amundsens Planlagte Ekspedisjon Over Polhavet Vitenskapens rolle i Roald Amundsens planlagte ekspedisjon over Polhavet 1907-1918 Anders Brenna Master i historie UNIVERSITETET I OSLO Våren, 2017 I II Vitenskapens rolle i Roald Amundsens planlagte ekspedisjon over Polhavet 1907-1918 «Også det storartede, at vi så vel fik forbundet det nyttige med dette behagelige – ja, se det er en kunst, som igrunden så få kjender til.» - Roald Amundsen, etter å ha deltatt på havforskningskurs hos Bjørn Helland-Hansen i Bergen, 1908. III Copyright Anders Brenna 2017 Vitenskapens rolle i Roald Amundsens planlagte ekspedisjon over Polhavet Anders Brenna http://www.duo.uio.no Trykk: Reprosentralen, Universitetet i Oslo IV Sammendrag I 1908 la Amundsen frem planene for en seriøs forskningsferd over Polhavet i Arktis. Året etter hevdet to ulike amerikanske ekspedisjoner å ha nådd Nordpolen, noe som svekket den kommersielle verdien av Amundsens foretak betraktelig. Han besluttet derfor i all hemmelighet å ta en såkalt avstikker til Sydpolen, med det formålet å finansiere ekspedisjonen over Polhavet med en rekord i syd. Etter en rekke forviklinger, inkludert utbruddet av Den første verdenskrigen, realiserte han omsider prosjektet med «Maud»- ekspedisjonen i 1918. Denne oppgaven undersøker planleggingen av og forberedelsene til Amundsens ekspedisjon over Polhavet, fra idéstadiet i 1907 til realiseringen i 1918. Formålet er å identifisere brudd og kontinuiteter gjennom perioden, med et særlig fokus på vitenskapens rolle. Det har blitt hevdet at Amundsen først og fremst beskjeftiget seg med vitenskapelig arbeid for å motta statsstøtte og fordi Fridtjof Nansen nærmest presset ham til det. Selv brydde han seg bare om rekordene. Andre har vært mindre bastante, men har likevel hevdet at Amundsen etter rekordbesøket på Sydpolen i økende grad neglisjerte vitenskapen til fordel for sensasjonene. Jeg finner at det var en rekke andre årsaker til at Amundsen inkluderte forskningsarbeid på sine skipsbaserte ekspedisjoner. Blant dem spiller faktisk finansieringen kun en liten rolle, og forholdet til Nansen og det øvrige vitenskapelige miljøet var først og fremst preget av samarbeid – ikke motsetninger. Personlig interesserte Amundsen seg i minkende grad for de vitenskapelige resultatene, men fastholdt likevel ved planene om en seriøs forskningsferd. Besøket på Sydpolen endret ikke ved dette. Om noe ble det vitenskapelige programmet mer omfattende og ambisiøst gjennom perioden, uten at Amundsen ser ut til å ha forsøkt å forhindre eller begrense denne utviklingen. Bruddet med vitenskapen kom først med de rene fly-ekspedisjonene på 1920-tallet. V VI Forord Om jeg personlig skulle trekke frem særlig ett interessant resultat av arbeidet med denne oppgaven, må det være at jeg ganske ut av det blå har blitt grepet av en entusiasme for å gå på langrennsski. Så inspirerende er polarhistorien, at lysten til å leve seg inn i den tar overhånd. Rent akademisk er det kanskje uviktig, men fra et folkehelseperspektiv er det godt å se at historiefaget også kan bidra med å få mennesker i bevegelse. Det er et satsnings- område jeg forventer å se mer til i neste humanioramelding. Når det er sagt, håper jeg for min egen del at historieferdighetene mine står til bedre stilkarakterer enn skøyteteknikken min. Jeg vil gjerne takke mine to veiledere, Finn Erhard Johannessen og Peder Anker, for ærlighet, kloke råd og oppmuntrende ord. Det har kommet godt med! Anne Melgård ved Nasjonalbiblioteket fortjener også en spesiell takk for uvurderlig kildeveiledning og gode samtaler. Ellers har Jørgen Hamre Sveen, Ingar Stene, Kine Gullberg og ikke minst min kjære far bidratt med gjennomlesning, tilbakemeldinger og språkvask. Jeg kan røpe såpass at det ble rapportert om enkelte hybelkaniner. Mine øvrige medstudenter har gitt meg en faglig og sosialt berikende plattform å stå på gjennom de to siste årene. Arbeidet med denne oppgaven hadde ikke vært i nærheten av den samme opplevelsen uten. Vi har jobbet med hvert vårt, men jeg liker å tro at vi har lært like mye på pauserommet som på lesesalen. Etter deltakelsen på Roald Amundsens «Maud»- ekspedisjon, uttalte vitenskapsmannen Harald Ulrik Sverdrup at det største de oppnådde var å skilles som venner. Det samme vil jeg si om mitt eget masterløp her ved Universitetet i Oslo. Blindern, 20. Mai 2017 VII VIII Innholdsfortegnelse 1 Introduksjon .......................................................................................................................... 1 Om oppgaven .......................................................................................................................................................... 1 Historiografi og metodiske betraktninger ................................................................................................. 3 Kilder og sekundærlitteratur ........................................................................................................................... 8 Historisk utgangspunkt og kontekst .......................................................................................................... 10 2 «Plan for en polarfærd» .................................................................................................. 17 «Fram» eller tilbake til «Gjøa»: et ekspedisjonsdefinerende valg ................................................ 17 Den offisielle planen ......................................................................................................................................... 22 Vitenskapelig kursing og bemanning ........................................................................................................ 27 Ekspedisjonens akilleshæl ............................................................................................................................. 33 Det vitenskapelige programmet utvides .................................................................................................. 36 Oppsummering ................................................................................................................................................... 40 3 Sydpolens rolle i ekspedisjonen nordover ............................................................... 43 Den økonomiske begrunnelsen – en vikarierende forklaring? ...................................................... 43 Vitenskap på en «sportsfærd» ...................................................................................................................... 49 Til Nordpolen, via Norge? ............................................................................................................................... 56 Oppsummering ................................................................................................................................................... 63 4 Fortsettelsen ....................................................................................................................... 65 En ubemannet havforskningsreise ............................................................................................................. 65 Nordover – så langt pengene rekker ......................................................................................................... 72 Vitenskapens rolle på ekspedisjonen nordover ................................................................................... 78 Gjenoppdagelse av Nordpolen ..................................................................................................................... 83 Oppsummering ................................................................................................................................................... 87 5 En lang og brokete vei mot Polhavet .......................................................................... 89 En gylden mulighet ............................................................................................................................................ 90 Hvorfor «Maud»? ................................................................................................................................................ 93 Vitenskap og finansiering ............................................................................................................................... 97 Vitenskapens rolle i lanseringen av «Maud»-ekspedisjonen ....................................................... 104 Oppsummering ................................................................................................................................................ 109 6 Konklusjon ....................................................................................................................... 113 Litteraturliste .......................................................................................................................... 121 Kart over ekspedisjonsrutene ............................................................................................ 127 IX X 1 Introduksjon Om oppgaven Denne oppgaven omhandler planleggingen av og forberedelsene til det som til slutt ble til «Maud»-ekspedisjonen (1918-1925). Det hele startet i 1907, da Roald Amundsen bestemte seg for å gjenta Fridtjof Nansens bedrift fra den første «Fram»-ekspedisjonen (1893-1896) – en isdrift over Polhavet i Arktis, med fokus på vitenskapelig arbeid. Det gikk derimot elleve år før planen omsider ble realisert. I mellomtiden plantet Amundsen det norske flagget på Sydpolen, før verdenskrigen forsinket planene ytterligere. Oppgaven starter ved idéens tilblivelse og stopper ved «Maud»s avreise i 1918. Som avgrensning er denne perioden
Recommended publications
  • Biting Adventures of Polar Exploration Captivating Reads from the World's Leading Polar Bookstore the World's
    The World’s Coolest Stories Biting Adventures of polar exploration Captivating reads from THe World’s leading polar bookstore ‘He was lucky.’ Roald Amundsen: The Northwest Passage ‘They found the easy route to the Pole.’ His personal diaries from the Gjøa expedition, 1900–1905 in two volumes ‘Amundsen’s claim might be fraudulent.’ t the turn of a new century Roald Amundsen diaries Roald Amundsen’s n presenting with great pleasure Roald Amundsen’s personal THE FRAM MUSEUM PRESENTS Idiaries from the Gjøa Expedition this is not just a big moment Geir O. Kløver: beganfor histhe Fram preparationsMuseum, but also an important contribution for to thethe conquest of the A dissemination of Norwegian and Canadian polar history. Roald Amundsen’s Roald Amundsen writes with great enthusiasm about the enormous Lessons from the Arctic Northwest effortsPassage, he and his crew are making which in dealing with scientifichad research eluded sailors for and Amundsen’s own studies of the Inuit and their way of life around diaries Gjoa Haven, Nunavut. After reading the diaries we know so much about the expedition, about life aboard Gjøa and among the Inuit centuries. Name: Roald Amundsen that it feels as if we have partaken in the expedition ourselves. Age: 34 Position: Captain, Amundsen is generous in his descriptions of his comrades and treats How Roald Amundsen won the race Expedition Leader all contact with, and all the information from, the Inuit with great respect. In addition, he emerges as an unprecedented planner of When: 1903 – 1905 an expedition through the Northwest Passage. After four hundred Where: The Northwest The Northwest Passage 190 to the South Pole through meticulous These unabridgedyears of attempts to solve thediaries puzzle of the Passage, are his expedition the Passage thoughts of the took place exactly as he presented his plan to the Norwegian planning and preparations over world’s mostGeographical successful Society in 1901, more than 18polar months before theexplorer departure with Gjøa.
    [Show full text]
  • A NTARCTIC Southpole-Sium
    N ORWAY A N D THE A N TARCTIC SouthPole-sium v.3 Oslo, Norway • 12-14 May 2017 Compiled and produced by Robert B. Stephenson. E & TP-32 2 Norway and the Antarctic 3 This edition of 100 copies was issued by The Erebus & Terror Press, Jaffrey, New Hampshire, for those attending the SouthPole-sium v.3 Oslo, Norway 12-14 May 2017. Printed at Savron Graphics Jaffrey, New Hampshire May 2017 ❦ 4 Norway and the Antarctic A Timeline to 2006 • Late 18th Vessels from several nations explore around the unknown century continent in the south, and seal hunting began on the islands around the Antarctic. • 1820 Probably the first sighting of land in Antarctica. The British Williams exploration party led by Captain William Smith discovered the northwest coast of the Antarctic Peninsula. The Russian Vostok and Mirnyy expedition led by Thaddeus Thadevich Bellingshausen sighted parts of the continental coast (Dronning Maud Land) without recognizing what they had seen. They discovered Peter I Island in January of 1821. • 1841 James Clark Ross sailed with the Erebus and the Terror through the ice in the Ross Sea, and mapped 900 kilometres of the coast. He discovered Ross Island and Mount Erebus. • 1892-93 Financed by Chr. Christensen from Sandefjord, C. A. Larsen sailed the Jason in search of new whaling grounds. The first fossils in Antarctica were discovered on Seymour Island, and the eastern part of the Antarctic Peninsula was explored to 68° 10’ S. Large stocks of whale were reported in the Antarctic and near South Georgia, and this discovery paved the way for the large-scale whaling industry and activity in the south.
    [Show full text]
  • A Century of Polar Expedition Films: from Roald 83 Amundsen to Børge Ousland Jan Anders Diesen
    NOT A BENE Small Country, Long Journeys Norwegian Expedition Films Edited by Eirik Frisvold Hanssen and Maria Fosheim Lund 10 NASJONALBIBLIOTEKETS SKRIFTSERIE SKRIFTSERIE NASJONALBIBLIOTEKETS Small Country, Long Journeys Small Country, Long Journeys Norwegian Expedition Films Edited by Eirik Frisvold Hanssen and Maria Fosheim Lund Nasjonalbiblioteket, Oslo 2017 Contents 01. Introduction 8 Eirik Frisvold Hanssen 02. The Amundsen South Pole Expedition Film and Its Media 24 Contexts Espen Ytreberg 03. The History Lesson in Amundsen’s 1910–1912 South Pole 54 Film Footage Jane M. Gaines 04. A Century of Polar Expedition Films: From Roald 83 Amundsen to Børge Ousland Jan Anders Diesen 05. Thor Iversen and Arctic Expedition Film on the 116 Geographical and Documentary Fringe in the 1930s Bjørn Sørenssen 06. Through Central Borneo with Carl Lumholtz: The Visual 136 and Textual Output of a Norwegian Explorer Alison Griffiths 07. In the Wake of a Postwar Adventure: Myth and Media 178 Technologies in the Making of Kon-Tiki Axel Andersson and Malin Wahlberg 08. In the Contact Zone: Transculturation in Per Høst’s 212 The Forbidden Jungle Gunnar Iversen 09. Filmography 244 10. Contributors 250 01. Introduction Eirik Frisvold Hanssen This collection presents recent research on Norwegian expedition films, held in the film archive of the National Library of Norway. At the center of the first three chapters is film footage made in connec- tion with Roald Amundsen’s Fram expedition to the South Pole in 1910–12. Espen Ytreberg examines the film as part of a broader media event, Jane Gaines considers how the film footage in conjunc- tion with Amundsen’s diary can be used in the writing of history, and Jan Anders Diesen traces the century-long tradition of Norwe- gian polar expedition film, from Amundsen up to the present.
    [Show full text]
  • Nr. 02 Roald Amundsen Til Sydpolen 1910–1912
    50 LØRDAG 10. DESEMBER 2011 NORDLYS LØRDAG VÅRE TI VIKTIGSTE POLAREKSPEDISJONER Roald Amundsen lurer alle og erobrer Sydpolen. Den gode pla TOKT:Amundsens (t.v) og Scotts rute mot Sydpolen. (Kart: H. P. Carlsen) Våre ti viktigste polarekspedisjoner I Nansen-Amundsen-året 2011 kårer Nordlys og Norsk Polarinstitutt de ti viktigste norske polarekspedisjonene. Festmiddag i basen: Rundt bordet Bjaaland, Hassel, Wisting, I en serie over ni uker vil vi presentere Hanssen, Amundsen, Johansen, Stubberud og Prestrud. de ulike ekspedisjonene, som en jury av eksperter har valgt ut. NR. Tekst : Asbjørn Jaklin 2 [email protected] ROALD AMUNDSEN TIL Kristiansand 10. au- SYDPOLEN 1910-1912 LØRDAG | reportasje gust 1910. Roald Amundsen har fått låne polarfartøyet «Fram» av den norske stat. Han har trommet sammen mannskaper som lever i den tro at sjefen planlegger et nytt polarframstøt nordover. Helmer Hanssen, vesteråling bosatt i Tromsø, stusser over noe av det som lastes inn. Det passer ikke til en nordpolstur. «Fram» kaster fortøyningene og står ut av havnen. Først i Funchal på Madeira samler Amundsen mannskapet på dekk og lar bomben springe. Foran et stort kart over Antarktis for- teller sjefen at han har tenkt seg til Sydpolen. Som rekord er Nordpolen tatt. Den amerikanske polarfor- skeren Robert Peary og den amerikanske legen Fredrick JURYEN:Fra v. professor Robert Marc Friedman, Cook hevder begge å ha vært der. Amundsen satser nå på å bli polarekspert Olav Orheim, ekspedisjonsdel- den første på Sydpolen i et kappløp med den britiske kaptein taker Liv Arnesen, polarhistoriker Harald Dag Robert Scott. (Pearys og Cooks påstander ble senere trukket Jølle (leder) og polarhistoriker Susan Barr.
    [Show full text]
  • Dag Og Tid 2013-01-04
    24 MELDINGAR DAG OG TID FREDAG 4. JANUAR 2013 Forfattaren I denne spalta stiller vi store spørsmål om dei største. Miguel de Unamuno: Eit gnagsår i norsk polarhistorie Kva ville han med livet? Alexander Wisting vil teikne eit nytt bilete av Hjalmar Johansen, men verkar meir oppteken av å forklare helten Roald Amundsen. Miguel de Unamuno (1864–1936), BIOGRAFI heimturen ein kontrollert retur, spansk forfattar, filolog, filosof, ALEXANDER WISTING: der Hjalmar Johansen utan grunn familiemann og ei ustoppeleg kri- ikkje greidde å styre sinnet sitt, tisk røyst i spansk samfunnsde- Hjalmar Johansen. opponerte mot ekspedisjonsleia- batt. Den eksistensielle uroa hans Seierens pris ren og dermed tvinga Amundsen nedfelte seg i alle sjangrar, medan til å setje han ut av laget? Altså: KAGGE FORLAG 2012 samfunnsengasjementet òg kom Johansen gjorde mytteri. til uttrykk gjennom virket som rek- For nøyaktig hundre år sidan, Alexander Wisting meiner tor ved universitetet i Salamanca. om kvelden 3. januar 1913, gjekk openbert det siste. Og han har Han oppfatta både Kierkegaard og den kjende polfararen Hjalmar skrive nesten fire hundre sider Ibsen som sjelefrendar og lærde Johansen inn i Solliparken i Kris- for å argumentere for saka si. seg dansk for å lesa dei i original. tiania og skaut seg. Skotet var meint for han sjølv, skriv Tor ALLVITANDE FORTELJAR Den viktigaste boka hans? Bomann-Larsen, men «det strei- Eg tykkjer ikkje eg kjem nær Det filosofiske hovudverket fet minst to menn til: Fridtjof Johansen i Wistings penn. Det er er Om den tragiske livsfølelse hos Nansen og Roald Amundsen. Det noko uengasjert og uentusiastisk. menneske og folkeslag (1913) der traff nasjonens hjerte.» Og skot- Forfattaren verkar òg lite interes- han går mennesket si dødeleg- såret er tydelegvis ikkje lækt.
    [Show full text]
  • The Race to the South Pole: Lessons for Leaders
    The Race to the South Pole: Presented to Baldwin Wallace University and the Northeast Ohio Chapter of PMI by Lessons in Leadership Richard Brenner Principal, Chaco Canyon Consulting on November 7, 2019 The Race to the South Pole: Headlines (2) Lessons in Leadership • Pet projects can be a risk to the enterprise presented to • Leader’s role: expressing purpose, being Kerzner Lecture Series International Project Management Day passionate about it, listening, forging Baldwin Wallace University consensus, making the big decisions PMI Northeast Ohio Chapter November 7, 2019 • The bad news: much of this matters most for by high-risk projects Rick Brenner • Exploit situational momentum Chaco Canyon Consulting •To leaders: Building State-of-the-Art Teamwork • Deliver the headline first • Deliver the bad news first In Problem-Solving Organizations [email protected] | @RickBrenner | @TechDebtPolicy ChacoCanyon.com | TechDebtPolicy.com 1 4 Copyright © 2019 Richard Brenner Copyright © 2019 Richard Brenner Our objective Download To get: • Learn about leadership by examining the race to the South Pole • These slides with working links, and • British: large, well-funded • Annotated bibliography and filmography • Norwegian: smaller, nearly insolvent financially https://c4i.co/3b1 • Comparison reveals important insights • Axes of comparison: • Objectives & outcomes • Overland transport •Strategies • Team dynamics • People and culture • Quality control • Equipment & technology • Risk management • Navigation • Errors and recovery •Scurvy • Financing
    [Show full text]
  • Roald Amundsen and Capt Robert Falcon Scott's Expedition to The
    Roald Amundsen and Capt Robert Falcon Scott’s expedition to the South Pole Roald Amundsen 1872-1928 Roald Amundsen, born in 1872 near Oslo, Norway, left his mark on the Heroic Era as one of the most successful polar explorers ever born. His career of adventure began at the age of 15, originally studying medicine, but dropping out to go to sea where he soon moved his way up to the rank of mate. His first experience in the Antarctic was with Adrien de Gerlache's 1899 BELGICA EXPEDITION. He became the first to travel the Northwest Passage, in his ship Gjoa in 1903-06. After this expedition, plans were assembled to drift across the North Pole in Nansen's famous FRAM, but news arrived of Peary's successful attainment of the pole which caused Amundsen to make new plans--covert plans--for an expedition to the Antarctic and the subsequent capture of the South Pole. On December 14, 1911, Amundsen and four others stood at the South Pole, a month before Robert Scott. This expedition was an incredible masterpiece of organization. The story… "The North Pole is reached!" was the news that flashed all over the world...it was September 1909 when the news reached Amundsen. The original plan of the FRAM'S third voyage--the exploration of the North Polar basin--was quickly called off. In order to save the expedition, Amundsen immediately turned his attention to the South simultaneously emphasizing to his financial contributors that the FRAM'S Arctic voyage would be, in every way, a scientific expedition and would have nothing to do with record-breaking.
    [Show full text]
  • The Japanese Antarctic Expedition in 1912: a Summary of Lectures Given at the Norway-Japan Society and the Mariners Society in Oslo, 2012
    CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by National Institute of Polar Research Repository 299 ―報告― Report The Japanese Antarctic Expedition in 1912: a summary of lectures given at the Norway-Japan Society and the Mariners Society in Oslo, 2012 Susan Barr1* 1912 年の日本による南極探検について Susan Barr1* (Received April 2, 2013; Accepted April 22, 2013) 要旨: 1912 年の白瀬矗(しらせのぶ)日本南極探検の 100 周年記念プロジェ クトとして 2012 年 2 月に東京で国際講演会が開催された.白瀬矗の業績は海外で はほとんど知られていないが,白瀬隊の公式報告である「南極記」(1913 年刊 行)がヒラリー・柴田とララ・ダグネルにより英訳され,2011 年に出版された (Shibata and Dagnell, 2011).著者は上記講演会においてアムンセン隊の南極探検 についての招待講演を行い,続いて秋田県の白瀬矗の出生地へ足を運び,白瀬南 極探検隊記念館を訪れた.本報告では英訳「南極記」をもとに,100 年前の日本 人が南極地域でなした探検をヨーロッパ人に簡単に紹介する. 編集委員会 注 著者スーザン・バル女史は,ノルウェー文化遺産局にて極域部門の顧問を担当 しており,1979 年より極地の歴史,文化遺産の保護に携わってきた.またこれら に関する本や記事等も執筆している. 本報告は,著者が 2012 年 10 月 12 日と 19 日に,オスロにあるフリチョフ・ナン センの旧宅で開催された日本・ノルウェー協会の秋の例会及びオスロ船員クラブ の会合でそれぞれ行った白瀬南極探検に関する講演内容である.講演会に出席さ れた太田昌秀博士が,これを英訳して日本の人たちに紹介したいとの思いから本 編集委員会に照会された.原文はノルウェー語で,バル女史が英訳をしたもので ある.太田博士の意図は,敢えて日本語にせず,外国では白瀬隊がどんな風に描 かれているかを知ってもらうことである. 著者,スーザン・バル女史は,2 月に東京で開かれた白瀬南極探検 100 周年記念 シンポジウムに出席してアムンセン隊の南極点探検を紹介し,その後秋田県にか ほ市の白瀬記念館を訪問した折に,白瀬隊の偉業に深い感銘を受けたとのことで, 本報告に記されているような講演をノルウェーで行った. なお,この講演内容はノルウェー極地クラブの会誌(ノルウェー語)に印刷さ れた (Barr, 2012). Abstract: Nobu Shirase’s Antarctic expedition in January 1912 is not well known outside Japan. On the occasion of the centenary celebrations of the expedition in Japan, Hilary Shibata’s and Lara Dagnell’s translation of the expedition report, “Nankyokuki Tanken (Antarctic Expedition)” from 1913 was published (Shibata and
    [Show full text]
  • Adolf Hermann Schröer - Meereskunde Als Steckenpferd: Eine Episode Aus Der Geschichte Der Golfstrom-Forschung Hoheisel-Huxmann, Reinhard
    www.ssoar.info Adolf Hermann Schröer - Meereskunde als Steckenpferd: eine Episode aus der Geschichte der Golfstrom-Forschung Hoheisel-Huxmann, Reinhard Veröffentlichungsversion / Published Version Zeitschriftenartikel / journal article Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Hoheisel-Huxmann, R. (1999). Adolf Hermann Schröer - Meereskunde als Steckenpferd: eine Episode aus der Geschichte der Golfstrom-Forschung. Deutsches Schiffahrtsarchiv, 22, 199-246. https://nbn-resolving.org/ urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-49766-1 Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer Deposit-Lizenz (Keine This document is made available under Deposit Licence (No Weiterverbreitung - keine Bearbeitung) zur Verfügung gestellt. Redistribution - no modifications). We grant a non-exclusive, non- Gewährt wird ein nicht exklusives, nicht übertragbares, transferable, individual and limited right to using this document. persönliches und beschränktes Recht auf Nutzung dieses This document is solely intended for your personal, non- Dokuments. Dieses Dokument ist ausschließlich für commercial use. All of the copies of this documents must retain den persönlichen, nicht-kommerziellen Gebrauch bestimmt. all copyright information and other information regarding legal Auf sämtlichen Kopien dieses Dokuments müssen alle protection. You are not allowed to alter this document in any Urheberrechtshinweise und sonstigen Hinweise auf gesetzlichen way, to copy it for public or commercial purposes, to exhibit the Schutz beibehalten werden. Sie dürfen dieses Dokument document in public, to perform, distribute or otherwise use the nicht in irgendeiner Weise abändern, noch dürfen Sie document in public. dieses Dokument für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke By using this particular document, you accept the above-stated vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, aufführen, vertreiben oder conditions of use. anderweitig nutzen. Mit der Verwendung dieses Dokuments erkennen Sie die Nutzungsbedingungen an.
    [Show full text]
  • In the Wake of Shackleton Expedition (1993/4)
    THE JAMES CAIRD SOCIETY THE JAMES CAIRD SOCIETY JOURNAL Number Seven Antarctic Exploration Sir Ernest Shackleton OCTOBER 2014 The James Caird Society Journal – Number Seven October 2014 Welcome to another Journal and what an auspicious time this is! As many of you will know, the Society has arranged (or jointly-arranged) many ‘’Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition’ (ITAE) 1914/16 Centenary events over the next three years. Undoubtedly, the highlight will be the Westminster Abbey Commemoration Service to be held on Friday 20th May 2016. Tim Jarvis’s Shackleton Epic Expedition set the scene for our celebrations. His successful ‘double’ crossing of the Southern Ocean and South Georgia in early 2013 was followed by three gripping one-hour documentary programmes on ‘Discovery Channel’ broadcast far and wide. I propose to feature Tim’s ‘replica’ expedition in Journal Number Eight (April 2016). ‘Number Seven’ focuses on another expedition - Trevor Potts’s In the Wake of Shackleton Expedition (1993/4). This unsupported sea-crossing was as remarkable as it was dangerous. I have left Trevor to tell you his story. His tale sets the scene for an exciting project your editor, on behalf of the James Caird Society (and the Scott Polar Research Institute), has been involved with over the past three years, or so. The ‘Shackleton Boat Project (2014)’ is nearing fruition. Trevor has gifted his boat, Sir Ernest Shackleton, to SPRI for permanent public display outside the Institute building in Cambridge. The boat provides a dramatic visual aid celebrating, above all, the extraordinary journey of the Boss and his crew in the James Caird between 24th April and 10th May 1916.
    [Show full text]
  • TOUCHING Dr Sarah Jackson in Black Lamb and Grey Falcon: A
    TOUCHING Dr Sarah Jackson Jackson, S., ‘Touching’, in The Routledge Research Companion to Travel Writing, ed. Alasdair Pettinger and Tim Youngs (Abingdon: Routledge, 2020), pp.222-235 In Black Lamb and Grey Falcon: A Journey Through Yugoslavia (1941), Rebecca West recounts her travels through Macedonia with her husband and their guide Constantine. Visiting a monastery near Ochrid, they meet a young priest described by West as ‘sensitive and a little sad’.1 He is clearly keen for them to stay, bringing them wine, sheep’s cheese and eggs, although they have already eaten, and asking questions about life outside Macedonia. West remarks: ‘He spoke with something that was not quite curiosity, that was more tactile; the effect was as if a very gentle blind person were running his finger-tips over one’s features’.2 In these few tender words, West’s description of the priest brings together a number of key ideas that are addressed in the present chapter: travel, touch, blindness, and the tactile properties of language. Despite West’s specific attention to the sensation of touch at this moment in her travelogue, accounts of the tactile remain largely overlooked by both authors and critics of travel writing. In light of such neglect, this chapter investigates the representation of touch in a region where multisensory perception is central to both navigation and survival: the Antarctic. It considers how travellers narrate their experiences of temperature and texture in seemingly untouchable territories, thinking about the ways that the extreme environment might mediate the perception and expression of contact. Rather than overlooking touch, Apsley Cherry-Garrard’s The Worst Journey in the World (1922) and Sara Wheeler’s Terra Incognita (1996), I propose, show us the significance of tact in the world’s most inhospitable regions.
    [Show full text]
  • Cold Recall - Reflections of a Polar Explorer - - R - Fridtjof Nansen E R
    COLD RECALL COLD RE COLD C ALL - REFLE -REFLECTIONS OF A POLAR EXPLORER COLD RECALL combines the complete texts of Roald Amundsen’s lectures about his expeditions through the North- RECALL west Passage (1903-06) and to the South Pole (1910-12) with the original hand-coloured lantern slides he used to illustrate his lectures. Together they offer a unique insight into how Amundsen presented his expeditions when face to face with an international audience. They also provide the first pictorial account of his successful unlocking of the Northwest Passage and the expedition to the South Pole. C - REFLECTIONS OF TIONS OF A POLA The book includes background information about many of the episodes that Roald Amundsen describes, all too briefly, in his lectures. It also adds further detail about some of the many slides printed in the book, but not specifically men- A POLAR EXPLORER tioned in his manuscripts. The 90-page appendix includes many of the letters, articles, brochures and pamphlets related to Amundsen’s lecture tours. These are rare brochures, published in connection with the actual lectures, along with letters from the Royal Geographical Society in London, the Lecture Agency in London and the Lee Keddick Lecture Agency in New York. The letters illustrate the time-consuming and thorough preparation of the lecture tours and offer an inside look at some of the politics and issues facing Roald Amundsen at the beginning of the last century. Roald Amundsen’s lecture tours and the money he made from the publishing rights for his written accounts and expe- R dition photos were a very important source of income for both his own – and the expeditions’ – finances.
    [Show full text]