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The Rise of the Games the Olympic Games Originated Long Ago In
The Rise of the Games The Olympic Games originated long ago in ancient Greece. Exactly when the Games were first held and what circumstances led to their creation is uncertain. We do know, however, that the Games were a direct outgrowth of the values and beliefs of Greek society. The Greeks idealized physical fitness and mental discipline, and they believed that excellence in those areas honored Zeus, the greatest of all their gods. One legend about the origin of the Olympic Games revolves around Zeus. It was said Zeus once fought his father, Kronos, for control of the world. Although we do not know just when the Games were first played, the earliest recorded Olympic competition occurred in 776 B.C. It had only one event, the one-stade (approximately 630-foot or 192-meter) race, which was won by a cook named Coroebus. This was the start of the first Olympiad, the four-year period by which the Greeks recorded their history. Generally, only freeborn men and boys could take part in the Olympic Games (servants and slaves were allowed to participate only in the horse races). Women were forbidden, on penalty of death, even to see the Games. In 396 B.C. , however, a woman from Rhodes successfully defied the death penalty. When her husband died, she continued the training of their son, a boxer. She attended the Games disguised as a man and was not recognized until she shouted with joy over her son's victory. Her life was spared because of the special circumstances and the fact that her father and brothers had been Olympians. -
Section Two ATHENS 2004 MISSION
2 IN the true spirit of the Games section two ATHENS 2004 MISSION he mission of Athens 2004 was broad in scope and precise in purpose. Combining ambition with clarity, the mission provided the Athens Organising Committee with succinct statements on an expansive foundation of goals. As a major theme of the 2004 Olympic Games had emphasised, all efforts of the Athens Organising Committee were made In the True Spirit of the Games. The Athens 2004 mission guided the management and execution of the 2004 Olympic Games. It gave purpose to the first global Olympic torch relay in history. It fostered a keen awareness of the impact of the 2004 Olympic Games on the athletes, the spectators, and the people around the world who would experience the return of the Games to the place of their ancient birth. The mission promised to uphold the Olympic ideals, to respect the culture and natural environment of Greece, and to showcase the nation’s past, present and future. It directed the Athens 2004 Olympic marketing agenda. And, finally, the mission encouraged an Olympic legacy that would benefit the Olympic Movement, the host country, and the world. 9 The Athens 2004 mission promised overall that the people of Greece would host unique Olympic Games on a human scale and inspire the world to celebrate the Olympic values. With breadth and focus, it promised to fulfill these nine goals: To organise technically excellent Olympic Games. To provide to the athletes, spectators, viewers and volunteers a unique Olympic experience, thus leaving behind a legacy for the Olympic Movement. -
Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-10444-0 — Rome and the Third Macedonian War Paul J
Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-10444-0 — Rome and the Third Macedonian War Paul J. Burton Index More Information Index Abdera, Greek city on the h racian coast, 15n. second year 41 , 60 , 174 political disruption sparked by Roman h ird Macedonian War embassy, 143 second year troubles with Sparta, 13 , 82n. 23 brutalized by Hortensius, 140 Acilius Glabrio, M’. (cos. 191), 44 , 59n. 12 embassy to Rome, 140 Aetolian War s.c. de Abderitis issued, 140 , see also second year Appendix C passim given (unsolicited) strategic advice by Abrupolis, king of the h racian Sapaei, 15n. 41 Flamininus, 42 attacks Macedonia (179), 58 , 81 Syrian and Aetolian Wars Acarnania, Acarnanians, 14 second year deprived of the city of Leucas (167), 177 Battle of h ermopylae, 36 – 37 First Macedonian War recovers some cities in h essaly, 36 Roman operations in (211), 25 Aelius Ligus, P. (cos. 172), 112 politicians exiled to Italy (167), 177 Aemilius Lepidus, M. (ambassador) h ird Macedonian War embassy to Philip V at Abydus (200), 28 , second year 28n. 53 political disruption sparked by Roman Aenus and Maronea, Greek cities on the embassy, 143 h racian coast, 40 , 60 , 140 , 174 two executed by the Athenians (201), 28n. 53 declared free by the senate, 46 – 47 Achaean League, Achaeans, 12 – 13 dispute between Philip V and Rome over, Achaean War (146), 194 44 – 45 , 55 , 86 , 92 , 180 Archon- Callicrates debate (175), 61 , 61n. 29 , embassy to Rome from Maronean exiles (186/ 62n. 30 , 94 – 96 5), 45 congratulated by Rome for resisting Perseus Maronean exiles address senatorial (173), 66 , 117 commission (185), 46 conquest of the Peloponnese, 13 , 82n. -
Archaeology and History of Lydia from the Early Lydian Period to Late Antiquity (8Th Century B.C.-6Th Century A.D.)
Dokuz Eylül University – DEU The Research Center for the Archaeology of Western Anatolia – EKVAM Colloquia Anatolica et Aegaea Congressus internationales Smyrnenses IX Archaeology and history of Lydia from the early Lydian period to late antiquity (8th century B.C.-6th century A.D.). An international symposium May 17-18, 2017 / Izmir, Turkey ABSTRACTS Edited by Ergün Laflı Gülseren Kan Şahin Last Update: 21/04/2017. Izmir, May 2017 Websites: https://independent.academia.edu/TheLydiaSymposium https://www.researchgate.net/profile/The_Lydia_Symposium 1 This symposium has been dedicated to Roberto Gusmani (1935-2009) and Peter Herrmann (1927-2002) due to their pioneering works on the archaeology and history of ancient Lydia. Fig. 1: Map of Lydia and neighbouring areas in western Asia Minor (S. Patacı, 2017). 2 Table of contents Ergün Laflı, An introduction to Lydian studies: Editorial remarks to the abstract booklet of the Lydia Symposium....................................................................................................................................................8-9. Nihal Akıllı, Protohistorical excavations at Hastane Höyük in Akhisar………………………………10. Sedat Akkurnaz, New examples of Archaic architectural terracottas from Lydia………………………..11. Gülseren Alkış Yazıcı, Some remarks on the ancient religions of Lydia……………………………….12. Elif Alten, Revolt of Achaeus against Antiochus III the Great and the siege of Sardis, based on classical textual, epigraphic and numismatic evidence………………………………………………………………....13. Gaetano Arena, Heleis: A chief doctor in Roman Lydia…….……………………………………....14. Ilias N. Arnaoutoglou, Κοινὸν, συμβίωσις: Associations in Hellenistic and Roman Lydia……….……..15. Eirini Artemi, The role of Ephesus in the late antiquity from the period of Diocletian to A.D. 449, the “Robber Synod”.……………………………………………………………………….………...16. Natalia S. Astashova, Anatolian pottery from Panticapaeum…………………………………….17-18. Ayşegül Aykurt, Minoan presence in western Anatolia……………………………………………...19. -
Philip V and Perseus: the Twilight of Antigonid Macedonia Philip V of Macedonia Was a Shrewd and Effective Leader. He Proved Ev
Philip V and Perseus: The Twilight of Antigonid Macedonia Philip V of Macedonia was a shrewd and effective leader. He proved even more adept than his predecessors at dealing with the Greek city-states, Illyrian invasions, and the other traditional concerns of his kingdom. Unfortunately for him, he was forced to deal with a completely new threat, for which he was unprepared—the rising power of Rome. Philip V and his son and successor Perseus failed in their conflicts with Rome, and ultimately allowed Macedonia to be conquered by the Romans. Since the wars they fought against Rome were recorded by Roman historians, they are known as the Macedonian Wars. Early Life and Reign of Philip V Philip V was the son of Demetrius II, who died in battle when Philip was nine years old. Since the army and nobility were hesitant to trust the kingdom to a child, they made Antigonas Doson regent, and then king. Antigonas honored Philip’s position, and when Antigonas died in 221 BC, Philip ascended smoothly to the throne at the age of seventeen. As the young king of Macedonia, Philip V was eager to prove his abilities. He defeated the Dardians in battle. When hostilities broke out between the two major leagues of Greek cities—the Achaean League and Aetolian League—he sided with Aratus and the Achaean League. Thanks to Philip’s intervention, the Achaeans achieved major victories against the Aetolians, and Aratus became one of Philip’s advisors. First Macedonian War (214–205 BC) In 219 BC, Demetrius of Pharos, the king of Illyria, fled to Philip’s court after being expelled by the Romans. -
Kuzey Lydia'da Lykos Vadisi'nin Tarihsel Coğrafyası Historical Geography of the Lycus Valley in Northern Lydia
e-ISSN: 2149-7826 Disiplinlerarası Akdeniz Araştırmaları Dergisi Journal of Interdisciplinary Mediterranean Studies journal.phaselis.org Issue IV (2018) Kuzey Lydia'da Lykos Vadisi'nin Tarihsel Coğrafyası Historical Geography of the Lycus Valley in Northern Lydia Esen ÖĞÜŞ The entire contents of this journal, Phaselis: Journal of Interdisciplinary Mediterranean Studies, is open to users and it is an ‘open access’ journal. Users are able to read the full texts, to download, to copy, print and distribute without obtaining the permission of the editor and author(s). However, all references to the articles published in the e-journal Phaselis are to indicate through reference the source of the citation from this journal. Phaselis: Journal of Interdisciplinary Mediterranean Studies is a peer-reviewed journal and the articles which have had their peer reviewing process completed will be published on the web-site (journal.phaselis.org) in the year of the journal’s issue (e.g. Issue III: January- December 2017). At the end of December 2017 the year’s issue is completed and Issue IV: January-December 2018 will begin. Responsibility for the articles published in this journal remains with the authors. Citation E. Öğüş, “Kuzey Lydia'da Lykos Vadisi'nin Tarihsel Coğrafyası”. Phaselis IV (2018) 325-342. http://dx.doi.org/10.18367/Pha.18019 Received Date: 15.10.2018 | Acceptance Date: 29.10.2018 Online Publication Date: 12.11.2018 Editing Phaselis Research Project www.phaselis.org journal.phaselis.org IV (2018) 325-342 DOI: 10.18367/Pha.18019 Kuzey Lydia'da Lykos Vadisi'nin Tarihsel Coğrafyası Historical Geography of the Lycus Valley in Northern Lydia Esen ÖĞÜŞ Öz: Kuzey Lydia'daki, güneydoğusunda Sardeis, kuzeybatısında ise Pergamon kentleri arasında bulunan Lykos (Gördük Çayı) Vadisi'nin kentleşme tarihi cevaplanmamış birçok soruyu beraberinde getirir. -
The Divinity of Hellenistic Rulers
OriginalverCORE öffentlichung in: A. Erskine (ed.), A Companion to the Hellenistic World,Metadata, Oxford: Blackwell citation 2003, and similar papers at core.ac.uk ProvidedS. 431-445 by Propylaeum-DOK CHAPTKR TWENTY-FIVE The Divinity of Hellenistic Rulers Anßdos Chaniotis 1 Introduction: the Paradox of Mortal Divinity When King Demetrios Poliorketes returned to Athens from Kerkyra in 291, the Athenians welcomed him with a processional song, the text of which has long been recognized as one of the most interesting sources for Hellenistic ruler cult: How the greatest and dearest of the gods have come to the city! For the hour has brought together Demeter and Demetrios; she comes to celebrate the solemn mysteries of the Kore, while he is here füll of joy, as befits the god, fair and laughing. His appearance is majestic, his friends all around him and he in their midst, as though they were stars and he the sun. Hail son of the most powerful god Poseidon and Aphrodite. (Douris FGrH76 Fl3, cf. Demochares FGrH75 F2, both at Athen. 6.253b-f; trans. as Austin 35) Had only the first lines of this ritual song survived, the modern reader would notice the assimilaüon of the adventus of a mortal king with that of a divinity, the etymo- logical association of his name with that of Demeter, the parentage of mighty gods, and the external features of a divine ruler (joy, beauty, majesty). Very often scholars reach their conclusions about aspects of ancient mentality on the basis of a fragment; and very often - unavoidably - they conceive only a fragment of reality. -
Contested Triumphs
chapter 1 Triumphal Decision Making and the SPQR Tacitus’s Annales opens: “From the beginning kings held the city of Rome.”1 If indeed, as both Livy and the Fasti would have it, Romulus and his regal successors also celebrated the earliest triumphs,2 then they did so presum- ably on their own merits and by their own sovereign proclamation, needing no further sanction from anyone else. But under the Republic the situation grew far more complex, as command of Roman armies, and hence the opportunity to become the focus of a victory celebration, passed from the kings to the consuls and dictatores, later joined also by promagistrates and eventually praetors too.3 How then was it determined who deserved to triumph? The answer to this question turns out to be as subtle and multi- layered as the Republican constitution itself. For each recorded triumph, the Fasti Triumphales include the follow- ing: the name of the triumphator (including patronymics and cognomen); the offi ce that he held at the time; a Roman numeral, where appropriate, to mark a second triumph (or third, or fourth, etc.) by the same individ- ual; the name of the enemy over whom he celebrated his victory (marked by de plus the ablative case); and the year (from the founding of the city), the month, and the date when the triumph took place. Although a special 1. Tac. Ann. 1.1: “urbem Romam a principio reges habuere.” 2. For the earliest entries in the Fasti, see Degrassi 1947, 64 – 65, 534 – 35. Livy describes Romulus’s procession to the Capitoline with the spoils of his victory at 1.10.5 but does not call it a triumph. -
Vocabulary Worksheets Understanding and Using English Grammar, 4Th Edition Chapter 11: the Passive
Vocabulary Worksheets Understanding and Using English Grammar, 4th Edition Chapter 11: The Passive Worksheet 1. Reading: The Ancient Olympic Games Read the article about the ancient Olympic Games. Then review the glossary and complete the exercises that follow it. 1 According to legend, the ancient Olympic Games were founded by Heracles, a son of Zeus 2 (a Greek god). The first real Olympic Games for which we have written records were held in 3 776 BCE. These original Olympic Games were held on the plains of Olympia in Greece. 4 At the first Olympic Games, there was only one event: a sprint race, called the stadion race. 5 The word stadium is derived from this foot race. The race was 192 meters (210 yards) in 6 length and was won by a baker from a neighboring area. This first Olympic champion was 7 awarded the equivalent of today’s gold medal: a wreath of olive branches, which was placed 8 on his head. The olive tree of ancient Greece was not an ordinary tree; it was considered 9 sacred, so to be for an athlete to be crowned with an olive wreath was a holy honor. 10 Over the years, more races and more events were added, including wrestling, boxing, and 11 equestrian events (events with horses and people, such as chariot races and horse races). 12 In addition to the olive wreaths, winners received palm branches and woolen ribbons as 13 prizes. Winners of the Games were honored throughout Greece and were hailed as heroes in 14 their hometowns. -
274To 146B.C
PUNIC WARS 274 TO 146 B.C. FIRST PUNIC WAR TO DESTRUCTION OF CARTHAGE ERA SUMMARY – PUNIC WARS The period of the Punic and Macedonian Wars was a critical one in Rome's history. At the dawn of the Punic Wars, in 264 B.C., Rome was master of Italy, but controlled no colonies or provinces outside of the Peninsula. She had neither a navy nor a merchant based economy. One hundred and twenty years later, she had entirely subdued both the Carthaginian empire in the west and the Macedonian empire in the east. She had provinces and allies throughout the Mediterranean and was the undisputed master of the seas. Although it took another century to expand and consolidate her power, by the end of the Punic Wars Rome had laid the foundation of an empire. The Punic Wars, which raged between the city of Carthage and Rome for over a century, were so named because the Carthaginians were of the Phoenician (or Punic) race. There were three Punic Wars, but the second was by far the most critical. The first Punic War lasted 24 years, involved many skirmishes, and was won primarily by perseverance. Rome gained a small amount of Carthaginian territory but never achieved a decisive victory. Carthage capitulated as much because of internal troubles as due to pressure from Rome. However, this war did much to establish Rome as a naval power. The best known Roman hero of the first Punic War was Regulus, and the best known Carthaginian heroes were Xanthippus and Hamilcar. The second Punic War was a great catastrophe for Rome and all of Italy. -
From Symbol of Idealism to Money-Spinner
From Symbol of Idealism to Money-Spinner By Karl Lennartz 1 The traditional flag ceremonial at the Opening of the XXII Olympic Winter Games. The banner was carried among others by the ice hockey legend Vyacheslav Fetisov (far left), the six times Olympic speed skating champion Lidiya Skoblikova and by the first woman in space, Valentina Tereshkova. Photo: picture-alliance It was one of the most significant articles Coubertin To back up his theory, he looked at the list of countries ever wrote. It appeared in the August 1913 volume of the in Coubertin’s article: Sweden (for 1912), Greece (1896), Revue Olympique, a publication he had edited since France (1900), Great Britain (1908) and America (1904). 1901 and introduced his great symbol for the Olympic There followed Germany (1916), Belgium (1920), and Movement. “L’emblème et le drapeau de 1914”2 un- finally Italy, Hungary, Spain, Brazil, Australia, Japan and veiled the five coloured rings as the Olympic emblem China. 4 and flag. He had designed them for the 20th anniversary Young’s hypothesis provokes questions, in particular of the Olympic Movement, which was to be solemnly why Coubertin did not use the correct chronological celebrated in Paris in 1914 order, i.e. Athens, Paris, St. Louis, London and Stock- Coubertin interpreted the five rings as the five parts holm? How did Coubertin know, at the time of the of the world: “les cinq parties du monde“.3 By this he publication of his article, where the 1920 Games would could only have meant the continents of Africa, America, take place, for after all at the time of the Olympic Congress Asia, Australia and Europe, for in 1912 in Stockholm, the of 1914 there were still two applicants, Budapest and participation of two Japanese competitors meant that Antwerp, and the Hungarian capital was considered to all five were represented for the first time. -
Fragments of Sophocles
THE FRAGMENTS OF SOPHOCLES IN THREE VOLUMES VOLUME II CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS C. F. CLAY, MANAGER Honiron: FETTER LANE, E.G. fEirinirurgf): ioo PRINCES STREET $*to gorfe: G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS iSomiiag, (Calcutta anU JKatnas: MACMILLAN AND CO., LTD. Sotcmto: J. M. DENT AND SONS, LTD. ftoftgo: THE MARUZEN-KABUSHIKI-KAISHA All rights rese!"ved THE FRAGMENTS OF SOPHOCLES EDITED WITH ADDITIONAL NOTES FROM THE PAPERS OF SIR R. C. JEBB AND DR W. G. HEADLAM BY A. C. PEARSON, M.A. FORMERLY SCHOLAR OF CHRIST'S COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE VOLUME II Cambridge : at the University Press 1917 CONTENTS OF VOLUME II PAGES FRAGMENTS OF NAMED PLAYS : Introductions, text and notes . i—330 IQN For the title see p. 23. 319 avhpbs icrOXov iravTa yevvaicos <f>epeLV. 319 Orion flor. 7. TO p. 51, 29 So- 'Sophoclem imitatus videtur Menander: (poK\eovs"Iwvos. 'Trpbs...(pipeiv.' /cat rdyada /cat ra /ca/ca Set Trralovra Nauck favours F. W. Schmidt's pro- (1. fjujaavra) yevvaicas (ptpetv Com. 4 p. 264 posal to write e<rd\ov irpbs dvSpds, and [fr. 672, III 195 K.]. dvdpbs rd Trpo<rirL- quotes in its support Choricius Gaz. p. 17 iTTOVTa yevvalws (pepeiv Com. 4. p. 293 iadXov yap dv8p6s, r\ rpayqpdia (prjaiv, [fr. 771, ill 215 K. = Men. mon. 13]. diravra (pipeiv /caXws. Emphasis certainly Menandri vestigia legerunt multi: XPV seems to require that order : cf. At. 1071 yap rd av/xTriTTTOVTa yevvalws (ptpeiv Kairoi KCIKOV irpbs dvSpbs dvbpa 87]/J.6TT)V Nicetas Eugen. 9, 142. rd 8e GVfAfiai- I fir/dev diKcuovv KTL Eur.fr.