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Medicinal Properties of Cyperus Species (Sedge Family, Cyperaceae)

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Medicinal Properties of Cyperus Species (Sedge Family, Cyperaceae) Eastern Illinois University The Keep Masters Theses Student Theses & Publications 2018 Medicinal Properties of Cyperus Species (Sedge Family, Cyperaceae) Lata Maishaya Udari Eastern Illinois University This research is a product of the graduate program in Biological Sciences at Eastern Illinois University. Find out more about the program. Recommended Citation Udari, Lata Maishaya, "Medicinal Properties of Cyperus Species (Sedge Family, Cyperaceae)" (2018). Masters Theses. 4314. https://thekeep.eiu.edu/theses/4314 This is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Theses & Publications at The Keep. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of The Keep. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 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Graduate Candidate Signature Printed Name Printed Name Graduate Degree Program Please submit In duplicate. Medicinal Properties of Cyperus Species (Sedge Family, Cyperaceae) by Lata Maishaya Udari THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE - BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES IN THE GRADUATE SCHOOL, EASTERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY CHARLESTON, ILLINOIS 2018 I HEREBY RECOMMEND THAT THIS THESIS BE ACCEPTED AS FULFILLING Tms p ART OF THE GRADUATE DEGREE CITED ABOVE 12 ·I 'i · 11: THESIS COMMITTEE CO-CHAIR DATE DEPAKIMt-)f<I' CHAIK i I 2.-/2-'/Jt! OOMMITTEE CO-CHAIR12/11f D TE THESIS COMMITTE:E MEMBERroA1 TE Abstract The grasses that yield therapeutically important products are among the least studied in the Cyperaceae family. Herb-based medicine from ancient times have played a vital role in ailments of various disease and nowadays it has been a particular area of interest in medicine. Phytochemicals are inherent compounds derived from plants that are biologically active, non-nutritive chemicals that act as a defensive or prophylactic medicine in humans. Their extracts have proven to show inhibition properties against different microbes. Despite the prevalence of Cyperus species and their traditional use in medicine, the chemical components responsible for their attributes remain largely unknown. This thesis research compared ten species of sedges (Cyperus rotundus, Cyperus esculentus, Cyperus diffusus, Cyperus involucratus, Cyperus helferi, Cyperus prolixus, Cyperus papyrus, Cyperus surinamensis, Cyperus hortensis, Cyperus squarrosus) with respect to their phytochemical constituents by examining their chemical profiles using HPLC. Methanol-based leaf and root extracts between species were shown to have significantly unique phytochemicaJ profiles, with many extracts containing phytochemicals that support mammalian health (e.g. asiatic acid). In addition, comparing fresh plant extracts with dried samples (historical specimens) revealed that some of the phytochemical components appeared to be reasonably stable over decades. This study also examined antimicrobial properties of extracts fromthese plants, although results were inconclusive due to solvent incompatibility with either the phytochemicals or microbial species. Overall, this research revealed the unique phytochemical profiles of Cyperus species, and underscored the importance of considering each species and tissue type individually when investigating the medicinal properties of this genus. 11 TABLE OF CON TEN TS Abstract ........................................................................................................................ .ii Table of Contents ........................................................................................................ iii List of Tables and Figures ............................................................................................ iv I. Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 II. Objectives ............................................................... .................................................. 4 III. Materials and Methods ........ .................................................................................... 4 A. Plant Specimens ......................................... ......... ................ ................................. 4 B. Phytochemical Extraction and HPLC Analysis ... ........................ ........................ .4 C. Antimicrobial Assays ...................................................... ............................ ......... 5 i. Disc Diffusion Method ...................................................................................... 6 ii. Liquid Culture Method .................................................. ... ....................... ... ... ... 6 D. Statistical Analysis ..... ......................................................... ............... .... .............. 7 IV. Results and Discussion .................... ............... ...................... .................................. 7 A. Objective 1 ... ................. ..................................................................... ...... .. ....... 7 i. Phytochcmical Profile Analysis ........................................................................ 7 ii. Bioactive Phytochemicals ....................................................................... ......... 9 a. Asiatic Acid ...................................................................................... ........... 9 b. Coumarin ........... ........ ................................................................... ............... 9 c. Curcumin .......................... ................................... .................................... ... 10 d. Quercetin ................................................................................................. ... 11 e. Flavanones ..... ............................................................................................ 11 f. Madecassic Acid ................................................................... ...................... 12 B. Objective 2 ...... ................................. ... ............. ....... ..................................... ....... 13 C. Objective 3 ................ ...... ... .... .. ....................... ... ..................... ............................ 14 i. Disc Diffusion Method ..................... .......................................................... ..... 14 ii. Liquid Culture Method ........................................................................ ..... ..... 15 V. References ............. ........ ............ ......................................... .................................... 3 9 11l LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES Table 1. nMDS analysis ofleaf and root samples from Cyperus species. ................ 17 Table 2. nMDS
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