List of Greek and roots in English - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Page 1 of 102

List of Greek and Latin roots in English From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The following is an alphabetical list of Greek and Latin roots, stems, suffixes, and commonly used in English.

Some of those used in medicine and medical terminology are not listed here but instead in Wikipedia's List of medical roots, suffixes and prefixes.

Contents: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ —See also—References— External links

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A

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Origin Etymology (root Root Meaning in English English examples language origin)

abnormal, abrasion, ab-, a-, abs- away Latin ab "away" absent, abstract, aversion ac-, acu- sharp or pointed acupuncture acid- sour or acid Latin Acidosis acutus past participle of acuere "to Latin acutifoliate sharpen", from acus "needle" acr(i)- sharp, pungent, bitter Latin acer , acris acrid, acrimony acrobatics, Greek ἄκρος ákros acromegaly, acr(o)- height, summit, tip Greek "high", "extreme" , acrophobia, ad-, a-, ac-, af-, ag-, al-, movement to or toward; in ad apt, af fect, Latin ad "to", "toward" ap-, ar-, as-, addition to ascend, ac cept at- adip- fat Latin adeps , adipis "fat" adipose aer-, aero- air, atmosphere Greek ἀήρ (aer) "air" aeronautics, aerosol aisthētikos "of sense perception" from aesthetics, aesthet- feeling, sensation Greek αἰσθάνεσθαι anaesthetic aisthanesthai "to perceive" ager , agris "field, agri-, -egri- field Latin agriculture, peregrine country" from Greek ἀγρός agro- field Greek agronomy agros "field" am-, amat-, amor "love" from love, loved Latin amateur, amorous amor- amāre "to love" ambi- both, on both sides Latin ambi "on both sides" ambidexterity amic-, -imic- friend Latin amicus amicable, inimical around, about, both, on both ἀμφί amphi "on both amphibian, amphi- Greek sides of, both kinds sides" amphibolic ampl- ample Latin amplus amplification an-, a- not, without Greek Greek ἀν-/ἀ- "not" anhydrous, atypical ana-, an- again, against, back, up Greek

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from Greek anabaptist , ἀνά- ana- "again", anaphylaxis, anode "against" anemo- wind Greek ἄνεμος anemos anemometer anima- breath Latin anima "breath" animal, animation anniversary, annual, ann-, -enn- year, yearly Latin annus "year" biannual, millennium against, opposed to, ant-, anti- Greek ἀντί anti "against" antibiotic, antipodes preventive antebellum, ante "before", antediluvian, ante-, anti- before, in front of, prior to Latin "against" anticipate, antiquarian anth-, antho- flower Greek ἄνθος anthos "flower" anther, anthology ἄνθρωπος anthropos , anthropo- human Greek "man" anthropomorphic away from, separate, at the ἀπό apo "from, away, apo- Greek apogee, apostasy farthest point un-, quite" aquamarine, aqu- water Latin aqua aquarium, aqueduct ar- plow, till Latin ărāre arable ārēre "be dry or ar- be dry Latin arid parched" ἀρχή arche "rule" (in arche-, archi ruler Greek compounds: ἀρχε-, archangel, archetype - ἀρχι-) ἀρχαῖος arkhaios archaeo-, archaeology or "ancient" from arkhē archeo- archeology, archaic "beginning" Relating to the North Pole or the region near it; relating to arct(o)- cold; used as the scientific Greek ἄρκτος arktos "bear" Arctic Ocean of some bear species, e.g. Ursus arctos horribilis argent- silver Latin argentum argent, Argentina ἀρετή, ἄριστος arete , arist(o)- excellence Greek aristocracy aristos arthr(o)- joint Greek ἄρθρον arthron arthritis, arthropod asterisk, , astr-, astro- star, star-shaped Greek ἄστρον astron "star" astronomy, disaster athl- prize Greek athlete, pentathlon

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ἄθλος athlos "contest, feat" aud(i)- hearing, listening, sound Latin audire "to hear" auditorium, auditory augēre , auctus "to aug-, auct- grow, increase Latin augmentation increase" relating to gold, or gold- aur- Latin aurum "gold" aureole colored auri- relating to the ear Latin auris "ear" auricle αὐτός (autos ) "self", automobile, aut- , auto- self; directed from within Greek "same" autonomy avi- bird Latin avis aviary, aviation axi- axis Latin axis axisymmetry axio- merit Greek ἄξιος(axios ) "worth" axiology

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B

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Origin Etymology (root Root Meaning in English English examples language origin) bac- rod-shaped Latin from baculum "rod" bacilla, bacteria barometer, barograph, baro- weight, pressure Greek βάρος (baros ) baroreceptor from βαίνω, I walk, basi- at the bottom Greek basic, basis march , βάσις "step" bathy-, deep, depth Greek βαθύς (bathús , bathýs ) batholith, bathyscaphe batho- be-, beat- bless Latin beare , beatus beatification antebellum, bellicose, bell(i)- war Latin bellum , belli belligerent ben- good, well Latin bene (adverb) benefit, benignity bis , "twice"; bini , "in binoculars, bigamy, bi- two Latin twos" biscotti bib- drink Latin bibere , bibitus imbibe βιβλίον (biblíon) bibl- book Greek bibliography, bible "book" , biologist, bi(o)- life Greek βίος (bíos) "life" biosphere blennophobia, blenn(o)- slime Greek βλέννος (blennos ) blennosperma germ, embryo, bud, βλασταίνω , "I put forth sideroblast, fibroblast, blast- Greek cell with nucleus shoots" osteoblast, blastula bon(i)- good Latin bonus bonify, bonitary Greek / Latin Greek βορρᾶς (borras ) bor- north borealis (boreas ) "the north wind" βοτάνη, βότανον botan- plant Greek botany (botanē, botanon ) bov- cow, ox Latin bos , bovis bovine brachial artery, brachi(o)- arm Greek βραχίων (brakhíōn) brachiosaurus βραχύς (brakhús , brachy- short Greek brachydactyly brakhýs ) βραδύς (bradús , brady- slow Greek bradycardia bradýs ) βράγχιον (brágkhion , branchi- gill Greek branchiopod, nudibranch bránkhion ) brev(i)- brief, short (time) Latin brevis , breviare abbreviation, brevity briz- nod, slumber Greek βρίζω (brizō)

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βρόμος, βρόμη brom- oats Greek Bromus ramosus (brómos , bróme ) "oats" βρόμος (brómos ) brom- stench Greek bromide "stench, clangor" βρόγχος (brógkhos, bronchitis, bronchus, bronch- windpipe Greek brónkhos) bronchiole bront- thunder Greek βροντή (brontē) Brontosaurus bucc- cheek, mouth, cavity Latin bucca buccal, buccinator muscle bulb- bulbous Latin bulbus bulbous, bulbule bull- bubble, flask Latin bulla , "bubble" ebullient, ebullism bursar, bursary, disburse, burs- pouch, purse Latin bursa bursa

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C

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Origin Etymology (root Root Meaning in English English examples language origin) cac(o)- bad Greek κακός (kakos) cacophony cad-, -cid-, accident, cadence, fall Latin cadere , casus cas- case caed-, -cid-, caesura, incisor, cut Latin caedere , caesus caes-, -cis- caesarean from Latin calx "lime", Latin and and from Greek χάλιξ calculus, calcite, calc- stone Greek (khalix) "pebble" calcium "limestone" from Greek κάλλος calli- beautiful Greek calligraphy kallos "beauty" calor- heat Latin calor "heat" calorie calyp- cover Greek καλύπτειν (kaluptein) apocalypse camer- vault Latin camera bicameral, camera campus "field", "level camp- field Latin champion, campaign ground" can(i)- dog Latin canis "dog" canine, Canis Major can-, -cin-, sing Latin canere "sing" cantata, canto, cantor cant- candere "to be white or candid, incandescent, cand- glowing, iridescent Latin glisten" candle, candela capere , captus "take or cap-, -cip-, hold" (note the vowel capture, captive, capt-, -cept hold, take Latin change from a to i in conception, recipient - compounds) capit-, - capital, decapitation, head Latin caput , capitis "head" cipit- precipitation capr- goat Latin caper , capri Capricorn, caprine caps- box, case Latin capsa capsule carbo- coal Latin carbo , carbonis carbon carcer- jail Latin carcer , carcerare incarceration Latin from Greek Latin from carcinoma, carcin- cancer (disease) καρκίνος (karkinos) Greek carcinogenic "crab" cardiology, cardi(o)- relating to the heart Greek καρδιά kardia "heart" cardiograph cardin- hinge Latin cardo , cardinis cardinal

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carn - flesh Latin caro , carnis carnival, carnivore from Greek καρπός carp(o)- relating to fruit Greek carpology, carpals (karpos ) "fruit" from Greek καρπός carpal, carpal tunnel carp- relating to the wrist Greek (karpos ) "wrist" syndrome catastrophe, cata- down Greek κατά kata "down" catatonia, catabolic, cathode, catalyst caten- chain Latin catena concatenation cathar- pure Greek καθαρός (katharos) catharsis caud- tail Latin cauda caudal cause-, cuse cause or motive Latin -, courd cave, cavity, cav- hollow Latin cavus "hollow" excavation ced-, cess- go Latin cedere , cessus procession, recede celer- quick Latin celer , celerare acceleration, celerity cen(o)- new Greek καινός (kainos) Cenozoic cen(o)- empty Greek κενός (kenos) cenotaph cens- Latin censere "to estimate" census cent, centennial, cent- hundred Latin centum centurion centen- hundred each Latin centeni centenary centesimal, centesim- hundredth Latin centesimus centesimation κέντρον (kéntron) centr- center Greek eccentric "needle", "spur" cephalopod, cephalo- head Greek κεφαλή kephale "head" encephalogram, cephalic ceram- clay Greek κέραμος (keramos) ceramic κέρας, κέρατος (keras, cerat- horn Greek keratin keratos) "horn" cern- sift Latin cernere discern relating to the neck, relating cervic- Latin cervix , cervicis "neck" cervix, cervical to the cervix ceter- other Latin ceterus et cetera chiroptera, chiro- of the hand or hands Greek χείρ kheir "hand" chiropractic, chiral

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chelono - relating to a turtle Greek χελώνη khelone chelonia "tortoise" from Greek χλωρός chlorine, chlorophyll, chloro- green Greek khlōros "green" chloroplast from Greek χορεία khoreia "dancing in choreo- relating to dance Greek choreography unison" from χορός khoros "chorus" Latin and chorda "rope" from chord- cord chordata Greek χορδή (chordē) chromosome, chrom- color Greek χρῶμα chrōma "color" chromium chronic, chron- time Greek χρόνος chronos chronometer, chronology chryso- gold Greek χρυσός khrusos "gold" chrysolite cili- eyelash Latin cilium cilia cine- motion Greek κινέω (kineo) cinema ciner- ash Latin cinis , cineris incineration cing-, cinct- gird Latin cingere , cinctus succinct circ- circle Latin circus circus circumference, circum- around Latin circum "around" circumcise cirr- orange Greek κιρρός (kirros ) cirrhosis cirr- curl, tentacle Latin cirrus cirrus civ- citizen Latin civis civility clad- branch Greek κλάδος (klados ) clade clar- clear Latin clarus , clarare clarity, declaration clast- broken Greek κλαστός (klastos ) iconoclast, osteoclast claud-, - clause, exclusion, clud-, claus close Latin claudere , clausus include -, -clus- from Greek κλείς kleis clav- key Greek "key" from κλείειν, conclave, clavicle kleiein "to close" cl(e)ist- closed Greek κλειστός kleistos cleithr- bar, key Greek clement- mild Latin clemens , clementis clemency, inclement clin- bed, lean, recline Latin -clinare declination, inclined

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cochl - shell Greek κόχλος (kochlos ) cochlea spongocoel, coelom, coel- hollow Greek κοῖλος (koilos ) blastocoel cognitive, cognizant, cogn- know Latin cognoscere recognize col- strain Latin colare , colum colander coll- hill Latin collis coll- neck Latin collum collar color- color Latin color coloration con-, co-, connect, collide, col-, com-, with, together Latin cum compress cor- condi- season Latin condire condiment con(o)- cone Greek κῶνος (konos ) conic, conical contrast, contradict contra- against Latin contra ("say against") coprolite, copro- dung Greek κόπρος (kopros) coprophagia, coprophilia κόραξ, κόρακος (korax, corac- raven Greek coracoid korakos) cord- heart Latin cor , cordis accord, cordial cornea, cornucopia, corn- horn Latin cornu unicorn, cornified coron- crown Latin corona , coronare corona, coronation corporation, corpse, corpor- body Latin corpus , corporis corpuscle cortic- bark Latin cortex , corticis corticosteriod cosm(o)-' universe Greek κόσμος (kosmos) cosmonaut cosmetics, cosmet(o)- Greek κοσμητ- (kosmet-) cosmetology cost- rib Latin costa costal cotyl- cup Greek κοτύλη (kotulē) cotyledon -cracy, - government/rule/authority Greek κράτος (kratos) democracy crat crani- skull Greek κρανίον (kranion) cranium crass- thick Latin crassus crassitude cre- make Latin creare , creatus creation, creature cred- believe, trust Latin credere , creditus

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credibility, credentials κρηπίς, κρηπίδος crep- boot, shoe Greek (krēpis, krēpidos) cribr- sieve Latin cribrum , cribrare cribble, cribrate ring Greek κρίκος (krikos) cris-, crit- judge Greek κρίσις (crisis ) crisis, critic crisp- curled Latin crispus crispate crist- crest Latin crista cristate cross(o)- fringe, tassel Greek κροσσός (krossos) crucial, crucifix, cruc(i)- cross Latin crux , crucis crucify, excruciating crur(i)- leg, shank Latin crus , cruris crural crypt- hidden Greek κρυπτός (kruptos) cryptic, cryptography κτείς, κτενός (kteis, cten(o)- comb Greek ctenophore ktenos) cub- cube Greek κύβος (kubos) cubic, cuboid cub- lie Latin cubare incubation, succuba culin- kitchen Latin culina culinary culp- blame, fault Latin culpa culpable, exculpate cune- wedge Latin cuneus cuneiform concurrent, curr-, curs- run Latin currere , cursus recursion, cursive, current curv- bent Latin curvus curvature cuspid- lance, point Latin cuspis , cuspidis bicuspid cut(i)- skin Latin cutis cuticle cyan- blue Greek κυανός (kuanos) cyanide bicycle, cycle, cycl(o)- circular Greek κύκλος (kuklos) cyclone cylind- roll Greek κύλινδρος (kulindros) cylinder κύων, κυνός (kuōn, cyn(o)- dog Greek cynosure kunos) cyst- capsule Greek κύστις (kustis) cystic cyt(o)- cell Greek κύτος (kutos) cytoplasm, cnidocyte

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D

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Meaning In Origin Etymology (Root Root English Examples Origin) dactyl- finger, toe, digit Greek δάκτυλος (daktulos) dactylology, pterodactyl damn-, - to inflict loss Latin damnāre condemn, damnation demn- upon from, away de- Latin dē delete, demented from, removing deb- owe Latin debere , debitus debit deca-, dec-, ten Greek δέκα deka , ten decagram, decahedron deka-, dek- decimus , tenth; from decim- tenth part Latin decimal, decimate decem , ten delt- Greek δέλτα(delta) deltoid dem-, demo- people Greek δῆμος (dēmos) demagogue, democracy den- ten each Latin deni denarius, denary δένδρον (dendron): dendr-, resembling a Greek akin to δρύς, drys , dendrite dendro- tree "tree" dens- thick Latin densus condense, density dent- tooth Latin dens , dentis dental, dentures derm- skin Greek δέρμα(derma) dermis, epidermis, hypodermic deuter- second Greek δεύτερος (deuteros) Deuteronomy, deuterostome dexter- right Latin dexter dexterity dextro- right Greek δεξ-, right dextrose di- two Greek δι dicot, dipole dia- apart, through Greek διά (dia) dialysis, diameter contradict, dictation, dictionary, dict- say, speak Latin dicere , dictus edict, predict digit- finger Latin digitus digital terrible, dino- Greek δεινός (deinos) fearfully great dipl- double; twofold Greek διπλός (diplos) diploid, diplosis doc-, doct- teach Latin docere , doctus docile, doctor dodec- twelve Greek δώδεκα(dodeka) dodecasyllabic dogmat-, opinion, tenet Greek δόξα dogmatic, orthodox dox- dom- house Latin domus dome dorm- sleep Latin dormire dormant, dormitory

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dors - back Latin dorsum dorsal du- two Latin duo dual dub- doubtful Latin dubius dubious abduction, conductor, duc-, duct- lead Latin dux , ducis introduction, production, reduction, deduction dulc- sweet Latin dulcis durable, duration, duress, dur- hard Latin durus endure, obdurate dy- two Greek δυο (duo) dyad dynam- power Greek δύναμη(dunamē) dynamism, dynasty, dynamite dys- badly, ill Greek δυσ- dysentery, dysplasia, dystrophy

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E

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Meaning in Origin Etymology (root Root English examples English language origin) ec- out Greek ἐκ (ek) eccentric ecology, economics, eco- house Greek οἶκος (oikos) ecumenism ecto- outside Greek ἐκτός (ektos) ectoderm ed-, es- eat Latin edere , esus edible ego- self, I (first person) Latin, Greek ego, ἐγώ egocentric ego-, eg- goat Greek αἴξ (aix) egophony em-, empt- buy Latin emere , emptus exemption, redeem eme- vomit Greek ἔμετος (emetos) emetic striving to equal, emul- Latin aemulus , aemulare emulation rivaling en-, em- in Greek ἐν (en) emphasis endo- inside Greek ἔνδον (endon) endocrine engy- narrow Greek ἐγγύς (engys) ennea- nine Greek ἐννέα (ennea) ennead, enneagon ens- sword Latin ensis eo-, eos-, dawn, east Greek Ἠώς/Ἕως Eocene eoso- epi-, ep- upon Greek ἐπί (epi) epicenter, epoch knowledge or epistem- Greek ἐπιστήμη (epistēmē) epistemic equ-, -iqu- even, level Latin aequus equal, equivalence equ- horse Latin equus Equestrian erg- work Greek έργον (ergon) ergonomics err- stray Latin errare aberration, errant erythr(o)- red Greek ἐρυθρός (eruthros) erythrocyte eso- within Greek ἔσω (esō) esoteric etho-, eth-, custom, habit Greek ἦθος (ēthos) ethology ethi- ἠθμός (hethmos); ἤθειν ethm- sieve Greek ethmoid (hethein) people, race, tribe, ethn- Greek ἔθνος (ethnos) ethnic, ethnarch nation etym(o)- true Greek ἔτυμος (etumos) etymology eu- well, good Greek εὖ (eu) euphoria, euthanasia

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eur - wide Greek εὐρύς (eurus) Europe ex-, e-, ef- from, out of Latin ex exclude, extrude, extend exo- outside Greek ἔξω exothermic exter-, extra outer Latin externus exterior - extrem- outermost, utmost Latin extremus extremity, extremophile

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F

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Origin Etymology (root Root Meaning in English English examples language origin) f-, fat- say, speak Latin fari , fatus fate, infant, preface fab- bean Latin faba faba bean fac-, -fic-, fact , defect, factory, make Latin facere , factus -fect- manufacture falc- sickle Latin falx , falcis falciform fall-, -fell-, fals- deceive Latin fallere , falsus falsity, infallibility fallac- false Latin fallax , fallacis fallacy famili- a close attendant Latin famulus familiarity fant- to show Greek φαντάζω fantasy fasc- bundle Latin fascis fasciculation fatu- foolish, useless Latin fatuus fatuous, infatuation treaty, agreement, feder- Latin foedus , foederis confederation, federal contract, league, pact fel- cat Latin feles , felis Felinae, feline felic- happy, merry Latin felix , felicis felicity fell- suck Latin fellare fellation femin- women, female Latin femina femininity femor- thigh Latin femur , femoris femoral fend-, fens- prevent Latin fendere , -fensus defend, offense fenestr- window Latin fenestra defenestration fer- carry Latin ferre reference, transfer feroc- fierce Latin ferox , ferocis ferocity ferr- iron Latin ferrum ferrous fet- stink Latin fetere fetid, fetor fic- fig Latin ficus Ficus fid-, fis- faith, trust Latin fides , fidere , fisus confidence, fidelity fil- thread Latin filum filament fili- son Latin filius affiliation fin- end Latin finis finish, final find-, fiss- split Latin findere , fissus fission, fissures firm- fix, settle Latin firmus , firmare confirmation, firmament fistul- hollow, tube Latin fistula fl- blow Latin flare , flatus flatulence, inflation flacc- flabby Latin flaccus , flaccere flaccid

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flav - yellow Latin flavus flavonoid flect-, flex- bend Latin flectere , flexus flexor, inflection flig-, flict- strike Latin fligere , flictus conflict, inflict flor- flower Latin flos , floris floral, florid flu-, flux- flow Latin fluere , fluxus effluent, fluency, influx foc- hearth Latin focus focal fod-, foss- dig Latin fodere , fossus fossil foen- hay Latin fenuculum foli- leaf Latin folium defoliant font- spring Latin fons , fontis for- bore Latin forare , foratus perforation conformity, deformity, form- shape Latin forma formation fornic- vault Latin fornix , fornicis fornication fort- strong Latin fortis fortification shallow round fove- Latin fovea fovea depression frang-, -fring-, fracture, fragment, break Latin frangere , fractus fract-, frag- frangible, infringe frater-, fratr- brother Latin frater fraternity fric-, frict- rub Latin fricare , frictus dentifrice, friction frig- cold Latin frigere frigid, frigorific front- forehead Latin frons , frontis confront, frontal fruct-, frug- fruit Latin frux , fructis fructose centrifuge, fugitive, fug-, fugit- flee Latin fugere refuge fum- smoke Latin fumus fume, fumigation fundamentalism, fund- bottom Latin fundus , fundare profundity fund-, fus- pour Latin fundere , fusus effusion, profusion fung-, funct- do Latin fungi , functus function, fungibility fur-, furt- steal Latin fur , furare furtive furc- fork Latin furca bifurcation fusc- dark Latin fuscus obfuscation

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G

Meaning in Origin Etymology (root Root English examples English language origin) γάλα, γαλακτός (gala , galact- milk Greek galactic galaktos ) gastric, gastr- stomach Greek γαστήρ (gaster ) gastroenterologist ge(o)- earth Greek γῆ (gē), γεω- (geō-) geology gel- icy cold Latin gelum gelid gen- race, kind Greek γένος genocide ger-, gest- bear, carry Latin gerere , gestus digest, gestation germin- sprout Latin germen , germinis germination glabr- hairless Latin glaber glabrous glaci- ice Latin glacies glacier gladi- sword Latin gladius gladiator glia- glue Greek γλία (glia ) glial glob- sphere Latin globus global, globule glori- glory Latin gloria glorify glutin- glue Latin gluten , glutinis agglutination grad-, -gred-, gradus , gradere , walk, step, go Latin grade, regress gress- gressus gramm- letter Greek γράμμα (gramma ) grammatic gran- grain Latin granum granary, granule grand- grand Latin grandis grandiloquous graph- draw, write Greek γραφή (graphē) graphic, graphology grat- thank, please Latin gratus gratitude grav- heavy Latin gravis gravity gregarious, greg- flock Latin grex , gregis segregation gubern- govern, pilot Latin gubernare gubernatorial gust- taste Latin gustus gusto guttur- throat Latin guttur guttural gymnasium, gymn- nude Greek γυμνός (gymnos ) gymnosperm gyn- woman Greek γυνή gynecology

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H

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Meaning in Origin Etymology (root Root English examples English language origin) hab-, -hib-, have Latin habere , habitus habit, prohibition habit-, -hibit- haem(o)- blood Greek αἷμα (haima) haemophilia ἅλς, ἁλός (hals , hal(o)- salt Greek halogen halos ) hal-, -hel- breathe Latin halare , halatus anhelation, inhale hapl(o)- simple, single Greek ἁπλοῦς (haplous ) haploid haur-, haust- draw Latin haurire , haustus exhaustion heli(o)- sun Greek ἥλιος(hēlios ) heliotrope, helium hemi- half Greek ἥμισυς (hēmisus ) hemisphere hen- one Greek ἕν (hen ) henad, hyphen hendec- eleven Greek ἕνδεκα (hendeka ) hendecagon hept- seven Greek ἑπτά (hepta ) heptagon, heptathlon her-, hes- cling Latin haerere , haesus adhesive, coherent herb- grass Latin herba herbicide hered- heir Latin heres , heredis heredity herp- creep Greek ἕρπω (herpō) herpetology different, heter(o)- Greek ἕτερος (heteros ) heterodox other εὑρίσκω heur- find Greek heuristic (heuriskō) hex- six Greek ἕξ(hex ) hexagon hibern- wintry Latin hibernus hibernation hiem- winter Latin hiems hiemal hipp(o)- horse Greek ἵππος (hippos ) hippodrome hirsut- hairy Latin hirtus , hirsutus hirsute hispid- bristly Latin hispidus hispidity histri- actor Latin histrio , histrionis histrionic hod- way Greek ὁδός (hodos ) cathode, hodometer, herpolhode hol(o)- whole Greek ὅλος (holos ) holistic hom(o)- same Greek ὁμός (homos ) homosexual home(o)- like Greek ὅμοιος(homoios ) homeostasis homin- human Latin homo , hominis hominid ὁμαλός homal- even, flat Greek anomalous (homalos )

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honor - esteem Latin honos , honoris honorable hor- boundary Greek ὅρος (horos ) aphorism, horizon hor(o)- hour Greek ὥρα (hōra ) horoscope that which horm- Greek ὁρμή (hormē) hormone excites hort(i)- garden Latin hortus , horti horticulture hospit- host Latin hospes , hospitis hospitality host- enemy Latin hostis hostile hum- ground Latin humus , humare exhumation, inhume hyal- glass Greek ὕαλος (hualos ) hyaline, hyaloid hydrology, hydrophobia, hydroponic, hydr(o)- water Greek ὕδωρ (hudōr) hydraulic, hydrolysis, hydrous, hydrophilic hygr- wet Greek ὑγρός (hugros ) hygrometer ὑοειδής hyo- U-shaped Greek hyoid (huoeidēs) hyp(o)- under Greek ὑπό (hupo ) hypothermia hyper- above, over Greek ὑπέρ (huper ) hypertonic hypn(o)- sleep Greek ὕπνος (hupnos ) hypnosis ὕστερος hyster- later Greek hysteresis (husteros )

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I

Meaning in Origin Etymology (root Root English examples English language origin) ichthy(o)- fish Greek ἰχθύς (ichthus ) ichthyology icos- twenty Greek εἴκοσι (eikosi ) icosagon, icosahedron id(o)- shape Greek εἶδος (eidos ) idol ide(o)- idea; thought Greek ιδέα (idea ) , ideogram, ideology idi(o)- personal Greek ἴδιος (idios ) idiom, idiosyncrasy, idiot ign- fire Latin ignis igneous, ignition in- (1), im- in, on Latin in incur, intend, invite in- (2), il-, not, un- il licit, im possible, in imical, Latin in- im-, ir- (negation) ir rational infra- below, under Latin infra infrastructure insul- island Latin insula insular, insulation intercollegiate, intermission, inter- among, between Latin inter (preposition) intersection intra- within Latin intra intramural irasc-, irat- be angry Latin irasci irascible, irate isometric, isomorphic, is-, iso- equal, the same Greek ἴσος (isos ) isotropic iter- again Latin iterum , iterare iteration iter , itineris – march, itiner- route, way Latin itinerary journey

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J

Meaning in Origin Root Etymology (root origin) English examples English language jac- lie Latin jacēre "to be thrown" adjacent jac- (originally iacio, iacere , ieci, iectus – "to eject, interject, cast, throw Latin IAC), -ject- throw" (and cognates thereof) ejaculate, trajectory janu- door Latin janua janitor joc- joke Latin jocus jocularity jug- yoke Latin jugare , jugum conjugal, subjugate jung-, junct- join Latin jungere , junctus conjunction, juncture junior- younger Latin junior juniority jus-, jur-, judic- law, justice Latin ius , iuris; iudex , iudicis justice, jury, judge (originally IVS) juv-, jut- help Latin juvare , jutus adjutant juven- young, youth Latin juvenis juvenile, rejuvenate juxta- beside, near Latin juxta juxtaposition

K

Meaning in Origin Etymology (root Root English examples English language origin) kil(o)- thousand Greek χίλιοι (chilioi ) kilobyte, kilogram, kilometer telekinesis, kinetic energy, kine- movement, motion Greek κινέω (kineo) kinesthetic klept- steal Greek κλέπτης (kleptēs) kleptomania kudo- glory Greek κῦδος (kudos) kudos

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L

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Meaning in Origin Etymology (root Root English examples English language origin) lab-, laps- slide, slip Latin labi , lapsus elapse, relapse labi- lip Latin labia , labiae bilabial, labial labor- toil Latin labor collaboration, elaboration lacer- tear Latin lacer laceration lacrim- cry, tears Latin lacrima "tear" lacrimal, lacrimous lact- milk Latin lac , lactis , lactare lactate, lactation, lactose lamin- layer, slice Latin lamina laminate, lamination λαμπάς lampas lamp- shine Greek lamp "torch" lapid- stone Latin lapis , lapidis lapidary larg- large Latin largus enlargement larv- ghost, mask Latin larva larva, larvae, larval lat(i)- broad, wide Latin latus latitude later- side Latin latus , lateris bilateral laud-, laus- praise Latin laudere laud lav- wash Latin lavare lavatory lax- not tense Latin laxus , laxare laxative, relaxation led-, les- hurt Latin laedere , laesus lesion leg- law Latin lex , legis , legare legal, legislative leio- smooth Greek λείος leios leiomyoma leni- gentle Latin lenis , lenire leniency leon- lion Latin leo , leonis "lion" Leo, leonine, Leopold lep- flake, scale Greek λέπις lepis Lepidoptera leps- grasp, seize Greek λήψης lepsis epilepsy leuc(o)-, white Greek λευκός leukos leucocyte leuk(o)- levis "light" (in lev- lift, light Latin elevator, levitation weight), levare liber- free Latin liber , liberare liberation libr- book Latin liber , libri library lig- bind Latin ligare , ligatus ligament, ligature lin- line Latin linea linearity, line lingu- language, tongue Latin lingua bilingual, linguistic linqu-, lict- leave Latin linquere , lictus relict, relinquish

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lip(o) - fat Greek λίπος lipos lipolysis alliteration, illiterate, literacy, liter- letter Latin littera literal, obliterate lithosphere, megalith, lith(o)- stone Greek λίθος lithos monolith, Neolithic Era loc- place Latin locus local, location thought, word, logic, monologue, log- Greek λόγος logos "word" speech morphological long- long Latin longus elongate, longitude loqu-, locut speak Latin loqui allocution, eloquence - luc- bright, light Latin lux , lucis light Lucifer (bearer of light) lud-, lus- play Latin ludere , lusus allude, illusion lumin- light Latin lumen , luminis illumination, luminous lun- moon Latin luna lunar, lunatic lysis dissolving Greek λύσις, lysis cytolysis, hydrolysis

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M

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Meaning In Origin Etymology (Root Root English Examples English Language Origin) macro- long Greek μακρός (makros) macron magn- great, large Latin magnus magnanimous, magnificent maj- greater Latin major , majus majesty, majority, majuscule malfeasance, malicious, mal- bad, wretched, Latin malus malignancy, malodorous mamm- breast Latin mamma mammal, mammary gland man- flow Latin manare emanationism, immanant immanence, permanent, man- stay Latin manēre , mansus remanence mand- hand Latin mandāre , mandatus mandate, remand mania mental illness Greek μανία kleptomania, maniac manu- hand Latin manus manual, manuscript mar- sea Latin mare , maris marine, maritime mater-, mother Latin mater , matris matriarch, matrix matr- maxim- greatest Latin maximus maximal medi-, - middle Latin medius , mediare median, medieval midi- meg- great, large Greek μέγας (megas) megaphone mei- less Greek μείον (meiōn) meiosis melan- black, dark Greek μέλας (melas) Melanesia, melanoma melior- better Latin melior amelioration mell- honey Latin mel , mellis mellifluous memor- remember Latin memor memorial mening- membrane Greek μενινξ (meninx) meningitis men(o)- moon Greek μήν (men) menopause, menstruation ment- mind Latin mens , mentis demented, mentality mer- part Greek μέρος (meros) polymer reward, wages, merc- Latin merx , mercis mercantile, merchant hire merg-, dip, plunge Latin mergere emerge, immersion mers- mes- middle Greek μέσος (mesos) mesolithic, mesozoic meter-, measure Greek μέτρον (metron) metric, thermometer metr-

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meta - above, among, Greek μετά (meta ) metaphor , metaphysics beyond mic- grain Latin mica micelle micr(o)- small Greek μικρός (mikros ) microphone, microscope migr- wander Latin migrare emigrant, migrate milit- soldier Latin miles , militis military, militia mill- thousand Latin mille millennium, million millen- thousand each Latin milleni millenary mim- repeat Greek μίμος (mimos ) mime, mimic min- jut Latin minere prominent min- less, smaller Latin minor , minus minority, minuscule wonder, miror, mirari , mir- Latin admire, miracle, mirror amazement miratus sum mis- hate Greek μῖσος (misos) misandry, misogyny misce-, mix Latin miscere , mixtus miscellaneous, mixture mixt- mit- thread Greek μίτος (mitos ) mitochondrion mitt-, intermittent, missionary, send Latin mittere , missus miss- transmission mne- memory Greek μνήμη(mnēmē) mnemonic mola , molere , mol- grind Latin molar molitus moll- soft Latin mollis emollient, mollify mon(o)- one Greek μόνος (monos) monism, monolith, monotone monil- string of beads Latin monile Moniliformida mont- mountain Latin mons , montis Montana anthropomorphism, morpheme, morph- form, shape Greek μορφή (morphē) morphology mort- death Latin mors , mortis immortal, mortality, mortuary mov-, mot move, motion Latin movere , motus mobile, momentum, motor, move - mulg-, milk Latin mulgere emulsion muls- mult(i)- many, much Latin multus multiple, multiplex, multitude mur- wall Latin murus , muri immured, mural mus- thief Latin mus , muris mouse musc- fly Latin musca , muscae Muscicapidae, Muscidae

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mut - change Latin mutare mutation my- mouse Greek μῦς (mus ) musophobia countless, ten myri- Greek μύριος(murios ) myriad thousand myth(o)- story Greek μῦθος (muthos ) mythic, mythology myx- slime Greek μύξα (muxa ) myz- suck Greek

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N

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Origin Root Meaning in English Etymology (root origin) English examples language nar- nostril Latin naris narc- numb Greek νάρκη (narkē) narcosis, narcotic narr- tell Latin narrare narrative nas- nose Latin nasus nasal nasc-, nat- born Latin nascere , natus nascent, native naut- ship Greek ναῦς (naus ) astronaut nav- ship Latin navis naval ne(o)- new Greek νέος (neos ) neologism necr(o)- dead Greek νεκρός (nekros ) necrophobia nect(o)- swimming Greek νηκτός (nektos ) nectopod nect-, nex- join, tie Latin nectere , nexus connection neg- say no Latin negare negative nema- hair Greek νῆμα(nēma ) nematode nemor- grove, woods Latin nemus , nemoris nemoral nephr- kidney Greek νεφρός (nephros ) nephritis nes- island Greek νῆσος (nēsos ) Polynesia neurology, neur- nerve Greek νευρών (neurōn) neurosurgeon nict- wink Latin nictari nictation nigr- black Latin niger denigrate nihil- nothing Latin nihilum annihilation nocturnal, noct- night Latin nox , noctis noctambulist nod- knot Latin nodus node, nodule nom- arrangement, law Greek νόμος (nomos ) those who let pasture νομάς, νομάδος (nomas , nomad- Greek nomadic herds nomados ) nomin- name Latin nomen , nominis nomination non- not Latin non none non- ninth Latin nonus nonary nonagen- ninety each Latin nonageni nonagenary nonagesim ninetieth Latin nonagesimus nonagesimal - not- letter, note, paper Latin notare notaphily

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noth - spurious noto- back, south Greek νότος (notos ) nov- nine Latin novem novennial nov- novus innovation, nova noven- nine each Latin noveni novenary novendec- nineteen Latin novendecim nox-, noc- harmful Latin noxa noxious nu- nod Latin nuere innuendo nub- Latin nubes , nubis nubile nuc- nut Latin nux , nucis nucleus nuch- back of neck Latin nucha nuchal cord nud- naked Latin nudus denude, nudity null(i)- none Latin nullus nullify numer- number Latin numerus numeral nunci- announce Latin nuntius pronunciation nupti- Latin nuptial nutri- nourish Latin nutrire nutrient

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O

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Meaning in Origin Etymology (root Root English examples English language origin) ob-, o-, oc-, obstinate, ostentatious, against Latin ob os- obstreperous oct- eight Greek ὀκτώ (oktō) octagon, octahedron octangular, octennial, oct- eight Latin octō octovir octav- eighth Latin octāvus octaval octogen- eighty each Latin octogeni octogenary octogesim- eightieth Latin octogesimus octogesimal octon- eight each Latin octoni octonary ocul- eye Latin oculus , oculare ocular, oculus od- path, way Greek ὁδός (hodos) anode, odometer od- hate Latin odium odious ὀδούς, ὀδόντος (odous, odont- tooth Greek odontology odontos) odor- fragrant Latin odor odorous oeco- house Greek οἶκος (oikos) ecology oed- swollen Greek οἴδημα (oidēma) oedema oen- wine Greek οἶνος (oinos) oenology oesoph- gullet Greek οἰσοφάγος (oisophagos) oesophagus ogdo- eighth Greek ὄγδοος (ogdoos) -oid like Greek -οειδής (-oeidēs) organoid, mucoid ole- oily Latin Latin from olecran- skull of elbow ὠλέκρανον (ōlekranon) olecranon Greek olig- few Greek ὀλίγος (oligos) oligarchy oliv- olive Latin oliva -oma cancer Greek -ωμα omas- paunch Latin omasum omasum oment- fat skin Latin omentum omin- creepy Latin omen , ominis ominous omm- eye Greek ὄμμα (omma) ommatidium omni- all Latin omnis omnipotence, omnivore omo- shoulder Latin omphal- navel Greek ὀμφαλός (omphalos) omphalectomy

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oner - burden Latin onus , oneris onerous onom- name Greek όνομα (onoma) onomatopoeia ont- existing Greek ὄντος (ontos) ontogeny, ontology -onym name Greek ὄνυμα (onuma) pseudonym oo- egg Greek (oion) oocyte opac- shady Latin opacus opacity oper- work Latin opus , operis opera opercul- little cover Latin operculum ophi- snake Greek ὄφις (ophis) ophthalm- eye Greek ὀφθαλμός (ophthalmos) ophthalmology opisth- behind Greek ὄπισθεν (opisthen) opisthosoma, opsimath opoter- either Greek ὁπότερος (hopoteros) opt- eye Greek ὀπτός optos optical opt- choose Latin optare adopt, optional optim- best Latin optimus optimum or- mouth Latin os , oris oral, orator orb- circle Latin orbis orbit orch- testicle Greek ὄρχις (orchis) orchid ordin- order Latin ōrdō, ordinis ordinal, ordinary organ, instrument, organ- Greek ὄργανον (organon) organism tool ori-, ort- eastern Latin oriri , ortus orient orn- decorate Latin ōrnāre adorn, ornament, ornate ornith- bird Greek ὄρνις (ornis, ornithos) ornithology orth(o)- straight Greek ὀρθός (orthos) orthodoxy, orthosis oscill- swing Latin oscillum oscillation oss(i)- bone Latin os , ossis osteo- bone Greek ὀστοῦν (ostoun) osteoporosis osti- entrance Latin ostium ostiole ostrac- shell Greek ὄστρακον (ostrakon) ostracism ot- ear Greek οὖς,ωτός (ous, ōtos) otology ov- egg Latin ovum oval, ovule ovi- sheep Latin ovis ovine oxy- sharp, pointed Greek ὀξύς (oxus) oxymoron

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P

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Meaning in Origin Etymology (root Root English examples English language origin) pac- peace Latin pax , pacis pacifism pachydermata, pach- thick Greek παχύς (pachus ) Pachypodium παῖς, παιδός (pais , paed- child Greek paediatric paidos ) pagin- page Latin pagina pagination pal- stake Latin palus impalement, pale palae-, pale- ancient, old Greek παλαιός(palaios ) paleontology palin- back Greek πάλιν(palin ) palindrome pall- be pale Latin pallere pallid, pallor palli- mantle Latin pallium pallium palm- palm Latin palma palmate palustr(i)- in marshes Latin paluster palustral πᾶς, παντός (pas , pan-, pam- all Greek pandemic pantos ) pand-, pans- spread Latin pandere , pansus expand, expansion par(a)- beside, near Greek παρά (para ) parallel, parameter pariet- wall Latin paries , parietis parietal part(i)- part Latin pars , partis bipartite, partition parthen(o)- maiden Greek παρθένος (parthenos ) parthenogenesis parv- little Latin parvus parvovirus pasc-, past- feed Latin pascere , pastus pasture, repast pass- pace, step Latin passus passer- sparrow Latin passer passeriform, passerine pat- be open Latin patere patent path- feel, hurt Greek πάθος (pathos ) pathetic, pathology suffer, feel, endure, pati-, pass- Latin pati , passus passive, patience permit πατήρ, πατριά(patēr, patr- father Greek patriarch patria ) patr(i)- father Latin pater , patris patrilocal pauc- few Latin paucus paucal, paucity pav- Latin pavire pavement pecc- sin Latin peccare impeccable pect- fixed Greek πηκτός (pēktos ) pectic, pectin

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pector - chest Latin pectus , pectoris pectoral pecun- money Latin pecunia pecuniary παῖς, παιδός (pais , ped- child Greek pedagogy paidos ) ped- foot Latin pes , pedis pedal, quadruped pejor- worse Latin pejor pejorative propellent, propulsor, pell-, puls- drive Latin pellere , pulsus repellent peninsula, penultimate, pen- almost Latin paene penumbra pend-, pens- hang Latin pendere suspend penn-, pinn- feather Latin penna pennate, pinnate pent- five Greek πέντε(pente ) pentagon πεντηκοστός pentecost- fiftieth Greek pentecostalism (pentēkostos ) πέσσειν, πεπτός pept- to digest Greek peptic, peptide (pessein , peptos ) per- thoroughly, through Latin per perfection, persistence peran- across, beyond Greek πέραν (peran ) peri- around Greek περί (peri ) perimeter, periscope persic- peach Greek περσικός (persikos ) pessim- worst Latin pessimus pessimal pet- strive towards Latin petere appetite, competition petr- rock Greek πέτρα (petra ) petroglyph phae(o)- dark Greek φαιός(phaios ) phaeomelanin phag- eat Greek φαγεῖν (phagein ) sarcophagus close formation of φάλαγξ, φάλαγγος phalang- Greek phalanges troops, finger bones (phalanx , phalangos ) having a patch of phalar- Greek [1] phalarope white φάλαρος (phalāros ) φάρμακον pharmac- drug, medicine Greek pharmacy (pharmakon ) phanero- visible Greek φανερός (phaneros ) phanerozoic pher- bear, carry Greek φέρω (pherō) pheromone phil-, -phile brotherly love Greek φιλέω (phileō, philia ) philosophy, hydrophile phleg- heat Greek φλέγω (phlegō) phlegm, phlegmatics phloe- tree bark Greek φλοιός(phloios ) phlobaphene, phloem

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phob - fear Greek φόβος (phobos ) hydrophobia homophone, microphone, phon(o)- sound Greek φωνή (phōnē) phonograph phor- carry, bear Greek φόρος (phoros ) metaphor φῶς, φωτός (phōs, phos-, phot- light Greek phosphor, photograph phōtos ) phragm- fence Greek φράγμα (phragma ) diaphragm φρήν, φρενός (phrēn, phren- diaphragm, mind Greek schizophrenia phrenos ) phryn(o)- toad, toad-like Greek φρύνη(phrunē) Phrynobatrachus phyl- tribe Greek φύλον(phulon ) phylogenetics, phylum phyll- leaf Greek φύλλον (phullon ) chlorophyll, phyllotaxis φυσά, φούσκα physa- bladder Greek (phusa , phouska ) phys- nature Greek φύσις(phusis ) physics phyt- plant Greek φυτόν (phuton ) neophyte, phytoplankton pic- pitch Latin pix , picis pil- hair Latin pilus depilatory, epilator pin(o)- drink Greek πίνειν(pinein ) pinocytosis pin- pine Latin pinus pineal gland ping-, pict- paint Latin pingere , pictus depiction, picture pingu- fat Latin pinguis Pinguicula pir- pear Latin pirus piriformis muscle pisc- fish Latin piscis Pisces, piscivore pis- pea Greek πίσος (pisos ) πλάξ, πλακός (plax , plac- plate, tablet Greek plakos) plac- calm Latin placare , placatus placate plac-, -plic- please Latin placēre , placitus placebo, placid plagi- oblique Greek πλάγιος(plagios ) plagioclase plan- flat Latin planus explanation, planar, plane plang-, planct- Latin plangere , planctus plangent plas- mould Greek πλάθω (plathō) plasma, plastic platy- flat, broad Greek πλατύς (platus ) platypus plaud-, -plod-, applaud, applause, clap Latin plaudere , plausus plaus-, -plos- explosion, implode ple-, plet- fill Latin plere complement, suppletion

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pleb - people Latin plebs , plebis plebian, plebs plectics, plec- interwoven Greek πλέκω (plekō) symplectomorphism plect-, plex- plait Latin plectere , plexus perplex plen- full Latin plenus plenary plesi- near Greek πλησίος (plēsios ) pleth- full Greek πλῆθος (plēthos ) plethora pleur- side Greek πλευρά (pleura ) plic- fold Latin plicare , plicatus duplication, replicate plinth- brick Greek πλίνθος (plinthos ) plor- Latin plorare implore plu- rain Latin pluere plum- feather Latin pluma plumage, plumate plumb- lead Latin plumbum plur- more Latin pluris plural plurim- most Latin plurimus plus- more Latin plus pluvi- rain Latin pluvia pluvial pneu- air, lung Greek πνεῦμα(pneuma ) pneumatic πούς, ποδός (pous , pod- foot Greek podiatry, tripod podos ) πώγων, πώγωνος pogon(o)- beard Greek pogonotrophy (pōgōn, pōgōnos ) poie- make Greek ποιέω (poieō) poiesis pol- pole Greek πόλος (polos ) dipole, polar pole-, poli- city Greek πόλις(polis ) metropolis, politics polem- war Greek πόλεμος (polemos ) polemic poli(o)- grey Greek πολιός(polios ) pollic- thumb Latin pollex , pollicis pollin- Latin pollen , pollinis pollination poly- many Greek πολύς (polus ) polygon component, position, pon-, posit- put Latin ponere , positus postpone ponder- weight Latin pondus , ponderis preponderance pont- bridge Latin pons , pontis pontoon popul- people Latin populus , populare population

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por - passage Greek πόρος (poros ) pore porc- pig Latin porcus porcine, pork porphyr- purple Greek πορφύρα(porphura ) porphyrin port- gate Latin porta portal port- carry Latin portare , portatus export, transportation post- after, behind Latin post posterior, postscript pot- drink Latin potus , potare potable Mesopotamia, potam- river Greek ποταμός (potamos ) hippopotamus prasin- leek-green Greek πράσινος (prasinos ) prasinous prat- meadow Latin pratum prav- crooked Latin pravus depravity pre- before Latin prae previous prec- pray Latin prex , precis , precari deprecation pred- Latin praeda , praedari predator prehend-, prehendere , prend-, grasp Latin comprehend prehensus prehens- prem-, -prim-, press Latin premere , pressus pressure press- presby- old Greek πρέσβυς (presbus ) Presbyterianism preter- past Latin praeter preterite, pretermission preti- price Latin pretium , pretiare primary, primeval, prim- first Latin primus primitive prior- former Latin prior priority privus , privare , priv(i)- separate Latin deprivation, privilege privatus pro- before, in front of Greek πρό (pro ) pro- for, forward Latin pro propulsion prob- try Latin probus , probare probation proct- anus Greek πρωκτός (prōktos ) proctology propri- Latin proprius appropriate, propriety pros(o)- forward Greek πρός (pros ) prot(o)- first Greek πρῶτος (prōtos ) protoplasm proxim- nearest Latin proximus , proximare approximate, proximity prun- plum Latin prunus prune

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psamma - sand Greek ψάμμος (psammos ) pseud(o)- false Greek ψεῦδος (pseudos ) pseudonym psil(o)- bare Greek ψιλός (psilos ) epsilon psych(o)- mind Greek ψυχή (psuchē) psycho psychr(o)- cold Greek ψυχρός (psuchros) pter- wing, fern Greek πτερόν (pteron ) helicopter pto- fall Greek πτώσης (ptōsēs) ptosis ptyal- saliva Greek πτύον (ptyon ) ptych- fold, layer Greek πτύξ, πτυχή (ptuchē) triptych pubi- sexually mature Latin pubes pubescent, pubic public- Latin publicus publication pude- Latin pudere impudent pugn- fight Latin pugna , pugnare pugnacious, repugnant pulchr- beautiful Latin pulcher , pulchri pulchritude pulmon- lung Latin pulmo , pulmonis pulmonary pulver- dust Latin pulvis , pulveris pulverize pung-, punct- prick Latin pungere , punctus puncture, pungent puni- punish Latin punire , punitus punitive pup- doll Latin pupa pupa, puppet pur- pure Latin purus impurity, purify purg- Latin purgare expurgate, purgatory purpur- purple Latin purpura put- prune, reckon Latin putāre compute, putative pyg(o)- rump Greek πυγή (pugē) pygostyle πυλών, πυλῶνος pyl- gate Greek pylon (pulōn) πύρ, πυρός (pur , pyr(o)- heat, fire Greek pyrolysis puros )

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Q

Meaning In Origin Etymology (Root Root English Examples English Language Origin) quadrangle, quadr- four Latin quattuor quadrillion quadragen- forty each Latin quadrageni quadragenary quadragesim- fortieth Latin quadragesimus quadragesimal quart- fourth Latin quartus quartary, quartile quasi- as if Latin quasi quasar quaternary, quatern- four each Latin quaterni quaternion quati-, quass- shake Latin quatere quer-, -quir-, quesit-, search, seek Latin quaerere Inquisition, query -quisit- qui- rest Latin quies quiet quin- five each Latin quini quinary quindecim- fifteenth Latin quindecimus quindecimal quinden- fifteen each Latin quindeni quindenary quinque- five Latin quinque quinquennium quint- fifth Latin quintus quintary, quintile how many, how quot- Latin quota, quotient great

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R

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Origin Etymology (Root Root Meaning In English English Examples Language Origin) rad-, ras- scrape, shave Latin radere , rasus abrade, abrasion radi- beam, spoke Latin radius , radiare radiance, radiation radic- root Latin rādix , rādīcis eradicate, radical ram- branch Latin rāmus ramification, ramose ran- frog Latin rana Rana rancidness, grudge, ranc- Latin rancere rancid, rancor bitterness rap- turnip Latin rapum rapeseed raph- seam Greek ῤαφή (rhaphē) rar- Latin rarus rarity rauc- harsh, hoarse Latin raucus raucous re-, red- again, back Latin re- recede, redact reg-, -rig-, dirigible, erect, erection, straight Latin regere , rectus rect- rectum rem- oar Latin remus bireme, trireme ren- kidney Latin renes renal rep-, rept- crawl, creep Latin repere , reptus reptile ret- net Latin rete reticle, retina retrograde, retrospective, retro- backward, behind Latin retro retrovirus rhabd- rod Greek ῥάβδος (rhabdos) rhabdoid, rhabdom rhach-, ῥάχις, ῥάχεως spine Greek rhachiodont rach- (rhachis) rhag- tear, rent Greek ῥαγίζω rhagades rhe- flow Greek ῥεῖν (rhein) rheostat rhig- chill Greek ῥῖγος (rhigos) rhigosaurus ῥίς, ῥινός (rhis, rhin- nose, snout Greek rhinoplasty rhinos) rhiz- root Greek ῥίζα (rhiza) rhizome rhod(o)- rose Greek ῥόδον (rhodon) rhododendron rhomb- spinning top Greek ῥόμβος (rhombos) rhombus rhynch- snout Greek ῥύγχος Rhynchobatus rid-, ris- laugh Latin ridere , risus derision, ridicule robor- oak, strength Latin robur , roboris corroboration rod-, ros- gnaw Latin rodere , rosus corrode, erosion, rodent

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rog - ask Latin rogare interrogation rostr- beak, prow Latin rostrum rostrum rot- wheel Latin rota , rotare rotation ruber-, red Latin ruber rubric, ruby rubr- rug- wrinkle Latin ruga , rugare corrugation rumin- throat Latin rumen , ruminis rumination rump-, break Latin rumpere , ruptus eruption, rupture rupt- rur- country Latin rus , ruris rural

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S

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Origin Etymology (root Root Meaning in English English examples language origin) σάκχαρον sacchar- sugar Greek saccharin (sakcharon ) sacr-, secr- sacred Latin sacer , sacrare consecrate, sacrament sagac- wise Latin sagax , sagacis sagacity sagittal plane, sagitt- arrow Latin sagitta Sagittaria sal- salt Latin sal , salis , salere salinity sali-, -sili-, salt- jump Latin salire , saltus resilient, salient, saltus salic- willow Latin salix , salicis salicin salv- save Latin salvus , salvare salvation san- healthy Latin sanus insane, sanity sanc- holy Latin sancire , sanctus sanctify, sanctuary consanguinity, sanguin- blood Latin sanguis , sanguinis sanguine sapi-, -sipi- taste, wise Latin sapere insipience, sapient sapon- soap Latin sapo , saponis saponification σάρξ, σαρκός (sarx , sarc(o)- flesh Greek sarcophagus sarkos ) saur- lizard, reptile Greek σαῦρος (sauros ) dinosaur sax- rock Latin saxum scab- scratch Latin scabere scabies scal- ladder, stairs Latin scala scalar, scale scalene muscles, scalen- uneven Greek σκαληνός (skalēnos ) scalene triangle scand-, -scend-, climb Latin scandere ascend, transcendent scans-, -scens- anything hollow, bowl, scaph- Greek σκάφη, σκάφος scaphoid bone ship σκέλος, σκέλεος scel- leg, thigh Greek isosceles (skelos ) schem- plan Greek σχῆμα (schēma ) schematic σχίζω, σχίσμα schis- split Greek schism (schisma ) sci- know Latin scire prescient, science scind-, sciss- split Latin scindere rescind, scissors scler- hard Greek σκληρός (sklēros ) scleroderma, sclerosis

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scoli - crooked Greek σκολιός (skolios ) scoliosis horoscope, look at, examine, view, σκέπτομαι, σκοπός scop-, scept- Greek kaleidoscope, observe (skopos) stethoscope scrib-, script- write Latin scribere , scriptus inscribe, scripture sculp- carve Latin sculpere , sculptus sculpture scut- shield Latin scutum scute scyph- cup Greek χούφτα (chouphta ) Scyphozoa se-, sed- apart Latin se secede, sedition seb- tallow Latin sebum sebaceous, sebum secant, section, sec-, sect-, seg- cut Latin secare segment sed- settle, calm Latin sedare , sedatus sedative reside, sediment, sed-, -sid-, sess- sit Latin sedere , sessus session, supersede sedec- sixteen Latin sedecim sedecimal seget- in cornfields Latin segetum σείω, σεισμός sei- shake Greek seismograph (seismos ) selen- moon Greek σελήνη (selēnē) Selene, selenium sell- saddle, seat Latin sella sella turcica sema- sign Greek σῆμα (sēma ) semantics, semaphore semi- half Latin semis semifinal semin- seed Latin semen , seminis insemination sen- old man Latin senex , senis senator, senility sen- six each Latin seni senary senti-, sens- feel Latin sentire , sensus consensus, sentient fence, partition, sept- Latin saeptum transept enclosure sept- seven Latin septem septennial septen- seven each Latin septeni septenary septim- seventh Latin septimus septimal, septime septuagen- seventy each Latin septuageni septuagenary septuagesima, septuagesim- seventieth Latin septuagesimus septuagesimal septuagint- seventy Latin septuaginta Septuagint sequ-, secut- follow Latin sequere , secutus consecutive, sequence

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ser -, sat - cultivate Latin serere , satus sative ser- body fluid Latin serum serous ser- late Latin serus serein, serotine serp- crawl, creep Latin serpere , serptus serpent serr- saw, saw-toothed Latin serra , serrare serration serv- save, protect, serve Latin servare conservation sesqui- one and a half Latin sesqui sesquicentennial set- bristle, hair Latin saeta seta, setose sever- stern, strict, serious Latin severus severity semester, sexangle, sex-, se- six Latin sex sexennium sexagen- sixty each Latin sexageni sexagenary sexagesim- sixtieth Latin sexagesimus sexagesimal sext- sixth Latin sextus sextant sibil- hiss Latin sibilus , sibilare sibilance sicc- dry Latin siccus desiccation sider- star Latin sidus , sideris sidereal design, designate, sign- sign Latin signum signal sil- quiet or still Latin silere silence silv(i)- forest Latin silva silviculture simi- ape, monkey Latin simia simian simil- likeness, trust, group Latin similis assimilate, similarity simul- imitating, feigning Latin simulare simulation singul- one each Latin singulus singular sinistr- left Latin sinister , sinistri sinistral sinu- (to draw) a line Latin sinuare insinuate sinus- hollow, bay Latin sinus siph(o)- tube Greek σίφων(siphōn) siphon sist- cause to stand Latin sistere consist, persistence sit(o)- food, grain, wheat Greek σῖτος (sitos ) sitology soci- group Latin socius , sociare associate, social sol- sun Latin sol , solis solar sol- comfort, soothe Latin solari consolation sol- alone, only Latin solus desolate, sole, solo solen- pipe, channel Greek σωλήν (sōlēn) solenoid

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solv -, solut - loosen, set free Latin solvere , solutus dissolve, solution soma- body Greek σῶμα (sōma ) somatic somn- sleep Latin somnus insomnia somni- dream Latin somnium son- sound Latin sonus resonance soph- wise Greek σοφός (sophos ) sophist sorb-, sorpt- suck Latin sorbere absorb, absorption sord- dirt Latin sordes , sordere sordid soror- sister Latin soror sorority spati- space Latin spatium spatial spec-, -spic-, conspicuous, look Latin specere spect- inspection, specimen spect- watch, look at Latin spectare spectator specul- observe Latin speculari speculation sper- hope Latin spes , sperare desperation, esperance sperm- seed Greek σπέρμα (sperma ) angiosperm sphen(o)- wedge Greek σφήν (sphēn) spher- ball Greek σφαῖρα (sphaira ) sphere, spheroid sphinct- closing Greek σφίγγα sphincter spic- spike Latin spica spicule spin- thorn Latin spina spine spir- breathe Latin spirare respiration a surety, guarantee; spond-, spons- give assurance, Latin spondere , sponsus promise solemnly spondyl- vertebra spu-, sput- spew, spit Latin spuere sputum squal- scaly, dirty, filthy Latin squalere squalid, squalor squam- scale Latin squama squarros- spreading at tips Latin stable, station, status, st- stand Latin stare , status statistic, statue stagn- pool of standing water Latin stagnare stagnant σταλακτίτης stalact- Greek stalactite (stalaktitēs) σταλαγμός stalagm- Greek stalagmite (stalagmos )

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stann - tin Latin stannum stannous statu-, -stitu- stand Latin statuere institution, statute στέαρ, στέατος stea- fat, tallow Greek stearic acid (stear , steatos ) steg- covering Greek steganography stell- star Latin stella constellation, stellar sten- narrow Greek στενός (stenos ) stenography stere- solid Greek στερεός (stereos ) stern-, strat- spread, strew Latin sternere , stratus stratify stern- breastbone Greek στέρνον (sternon ) sternum stich- line, row Greek στίχος (stichos ) stig- Greek στίγμα (stigma ) stigma still- drip Latin stilla , stillare distillation stimul- goad, rouse, excite Latin stimulus stimulate stingu-, stinct- apart Latin stinguere distinction, distinguish stoch- aim Greek στόχος stochastic stom- mouth Greek στόμα (stoma ) strept- twisted Greek στρεπτός (streptos ) strig- compress Latin strix , strigis strigogyps strigos- having stiff bristles Latin string-, strict- upright, stiff Latin stringere , strictus stringent stroph- turning Greek στροφή (strophē) apostrophe stru-, struct- structure , building Latin struere construction, construe stud- dedication Latin studere student stup- wonder Latin stupere stupor styl- column, pillar Greek στῦλος (stulos ) stylus su-, sut- sew Latin suere suture sui- self Latin suicide suad-, suas- urge Latin suadere , suasus persuasion suav- sweet Latin suavis suave sub-, su-, sus- below Latin sub submerge subter- Latin subter subterfuge sucr- sugar Latin sucrose sud- sweat Latin sudare sudoriferous sulc- furrow Latin sulcus sulcus

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sum -, sumpt - take Latin sumere assumption, consume super- above, over Latin super supersede supin- lying back Latin supinus supination supra- above, over Latin supra supranationalism surd- deaf Latin surdus absurdity surg- rise Latin surgere resurgent syn-, sy-, syl-, symbol, symmetry, with Greek σύν (sun ) sym- synonym, system σύριγξ, σύριγγος syring- pipe Greek syringe (syrinx , syringos )

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T

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Meaning in Origin Etymology (Root Root English Examples English Language Origin) tac-, -tic- be silent Latin tacere , tacitus reticent, tacit tach- swift Greek ταχύς (tachus) tachometer taenia- ribbon Greek ταινία (tainia) tal- ankle Latin talus tang-, -ting-, touch Latin tangere , tactus contact, tangent tact-, tag- tapet- carpet Latin tapete , tapetis tard- slow Latin tardus retard, tardy, tardigrade ταρσός (tarsos , a tars- ankle Greek tarsal flat basket) taur- bull Greek ταῦρος (tauros) Minotaur taur- bull Latin taurus Taurus arrangement, tax- Greek τάξης (taxis) order techn- art, skill Greek τέχνη (techne) technology teg-, tect- cover Latin tegere , tectus protection telephone, telescope, tele- far, end Greek τῆλε telegram teleo- complete Greek τέλος teleology temno- cut Greek τέμνω tempor- time Latin tempus , temporis temporary, temporal. ten-, -tin-, tent- hold Latin tenere , tentus continent, tenacious tend-, tens- stretch Latin tendere , tensus extend, extension tenu- slender, thin Latin tenuis attenuate, tenuous tep- be warm Latin tepere tepid ter-, trit- rub Latin terere , tritus attrition, contrite teret- rounded Latin teres , teretis terg-, ters- wipe Latin tergere , tersus detergent boundary, limit, termin- Latin terminus determine, termination end tern- three each Latin terni ternary, ternion terr- dry land Latin terra terrace, terrain, terracotta terti- third Latin tertius tertian, tertiary test- witness Latin testis testimony tetr- four Greek τετρά (tetra-) tetrahedron

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tex -, text - weave Latin texere , textus texture, textile thalam- chamber, bed Greek θάλαμος (thalamos) thalass- sea Greek θάλασσα (thalassa) Panthalassa than- death Greek θάνατος (thanatos) euthanasia the- put Greek τίθημι (tithemi) theme, thesis -theca case Greek θήκη Bibliotheca thel(o)- Greek θηλή the(o)-, thus- god Greek θεός (theos) theology, enthusiasm theori- Greek θεωρία theorem, theory therm- heat Greek θερμός (thermos) thermometer, endotherm thero- beast, animal Greek θήρ, θηρός theropod thymo- mood Greek θυμός dysthymia thyreo- large shield Greek θυρεός thyroid tim- be afraid Latin timere timid ting-, tinct- moisten Latin tingere , tinctus tincture τομή (tome), τόμος tom- cut Greek ectomy, atom, tome (tomos) ton- stretch Greek τόνος (tonos) tone, isotonic top- place Greek τόπος (topos) topic, topography Latin from tornare < τόρνος torn- cut Greek (tornos) torpe- numb Latin torpere torpor torqu-, tort- twist Latin torquere , tortus extortion, torque, torture tot- all, whole Latin totus total tox(o)- arrow, bow Greek τόξον (toxon) trab- beam Latin trabs , trabis trabeculae trachy- rough Greek τραχύς (trachus) trachea trag(o)- goat Greek τράγος (tragos) tragus trah-, tract- pull/draw Latin trahere , tractus subtrahend, tractor trans-, tra-, tran tra dition, tran scend, across Latin trans - trans portation trapez- four-sided, table Greek τράπεζα (trapeza) trapezoid trapezius traum- wound Greek τραῦμα (trauma) trauma, traumatic trecent- three hundred Latin trecenti trecentennial tredec- thirteen Latin tredecim treiskaidek- thirteen Greek τρεισκαίδεκα triskaidekaphobia

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trem - tremble Latin tremere tremor trema- hole Greek τρῆμα (trēma) trematode τρεῖς, τρία (treis, tri- three Greek triad, trigon, tripod tria) tri- three Latin tres triangle, trivia, triumvirate tricen- thirty each Latin triceni tricenary tricesim-, thirtieth Latin tricesimus trigesimal trigesim- θρίξ, τριχός (thrix, trichopathophobia, trich- hair Greek trichos) peritrichous trin- three each Latin trini trinity troch- wheel Greek τροχός trochlea trop- turning Greek τρόπος (tropos) tropic pogonotrophy, trophic, troph- feed, grow Greek τροφός dystrophy trud-, trus- thrust Latin trudere , trusus extrusion, intrude tuss- cough Latin tussis , tussire pertussis τύμπανον tympan- drum Greek tympani (tumpanon) typ- stamp, model Greek τύπος (tupos)

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U

Root Meaning in English Origin Language Etymology (Root Origin) English Examples uber- fruitful Latin uber , uberare exuberant ulig- in marshes Latin ulo- wooly Greek ultim- farthest Latin ultimus ultimate ultra- beyond Latin ultra ultrasonic umbilic- navel Latin umbilicus umbilical umbr- shade, shadow Latin umbra penumbra, umbrella un-, uni- one Latin unus , unius unary, union unc- hooked Latin uncus uncinate unci- ounce, twelfth Latin uncia uncial und- wave Latin unda abundant, undulate undecim eleventh Latin undecimus undecimal - unden- eleven each Latin undeni undenary ungui- claw, nail Latin unguis ungul- claw, hoof Latin ungula ungulate ur-, uro- tail Greek οὐρά (oura) uroid, uroborus ur-, uro- urine Greek οὖρον (ouron) urology urb- city Latin urbs , urbis urban urg- work Latin urgere urgent urs- bear Latin ursus Ursa Major, ursine ut-, us- use Latin uti , usus usual, utility uv- grape Latin uva uvea uxor- wife Latin uxor uxoricide

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V

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Meaning in Origin Etymology (Root Root English Examples English Language Origin) vacancy, vacation, vac- empty Latin vacare vacuum vad-, vas- go Latin vadere evade, pervasive vag- wander Latin vagus , vagare vague, vagabond van- empty, vain, idle Latin vanus vanity evaporation, vapid, vap- lack (of) Latin vapor vaporize veh-, vect- carry Latin vehere , vectus vehicle, vector vel- veil Latin velum revelation, velate vell-, vuls- pull Latin vellere , vulsus convulsion veloc- quick Latin velox , velocis velocity ven- vein Latin vena venosity ven- hunt Latin venari venison ven-, vent- come Latin venire advent, convention vend- sell Latin vendere vendor, vending vener- respectful Latin venus veneration, venereal vent- wind Latin ventus ventilation ventr- belly Latin venter ventral ver- true Latin verus verify, verity verbal, verbatim, verb- word Latin verbum verbosity verber- whip Latin verber reverberation verm- worm Latin vermis vermiform vern- spring Latin ver , vernus vernal convert, inversion, invert, vert-, vers- turn Latin vertere , versus vertical vesic- bladder Latin vesica vesical vesper- evening, western Latin vespera vesperal vest- clothe, garment Latin vestis divest, vest vestig- follow, track Latin vestigium investigate vet- forbid Latin vetare veto veter- old Latin vetus , veteris inveterate, veteran vi- way Latin via deviate, obvious, via vic- change Latin vicis vice versa, vicissitude

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vicen -, vigen - twenty Latin viceni vicenary vicesim-, twentieth Latin vecesimus vicesimary, vigesimal vigesim- vid-, vis- see Latin videre , visus video, vision vil- cheap Latin vilis vile, vilify vill- shaggy hair, velvet Latin villus villiform vin- wine Latin vinum vinous vinc-, vict- conquer Latin vincere , victus invincible, victory vir- man Latin vir virility vir- green Latin virere virid, viridian visc- thick Latin viscum viscosity organs of the body viscer- Latin viscus , visceris visceral cavity vit- life Latin vita vital vitell- yolk Latin vitellus viti- fault Latin vitium vice, vitiate vitr- glass Latin vitrum vitreous viv- live Latin vivere revive, survive, vivid vocal, vocation, voc- voice Latin vox , vocis provocative vol- fly Latin volare volatility vol- wish Latin velle volition volv-, volut- roll Latin volvere , volutus convolution, revolve vom- discharge Latin vomere vomit vor-, vorac- swallow Latin vorare , vorax devour, voracious vov-, vot- vow Latin vovere , votus votive divulge, vulgarity, vulg- common, crowd Latin vulgus vulgate vulner- wound Latin vulnus , vulneris vulnerable vulp- fox Latin vulpes , vulpis vulpine

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X

Root Meaning in English Origin Language Etymology (Root Origin) English Examples xanth- yellow Greek ξάνθος (xanthos) xanthogenic xen- foreign Greek ξένος (xenos) xenophobia xer- dry Greek ξηρός (xēros) xerography xiph- sword Greek ξίφος (xiphos) xiphoid xyl- wood Greek ξύλον (xulon) xylophone

Z

Root Meaning in English Origin language Etymology (root origin) English examples

protozoa, zoo, zo- animal, living being Greek ζῷον (zōion ) zoology zon- belt, girdle Greek ζώνη (zōnē) zone zyg- yoke Greek ζυγός (zugon ) heterozygous, zygote zym- ferment Greek ζύμη (zumē) enzyme, lysozyme

See also

■ ■ International scientific vocabulary ■ Mediae et Infimae Latinitatis Polonorum ■ List of Latin words with English derivatives ■ List of Greek words with English derivatives ■ List of Latin and Greek words commonly used in systematic ■ ■ Classical ■ Latin ■ Latin influence in English ■ List of Latin phrases ■ Latin Mnemonics ■ Latin school ■ List of Latin abbreviations ■ List of Latin and Greek words commonly used in systematic names ■ List of Latin phrases ■ List of Latin words with English derivatives ■ List of Latinised names ■ List of legal Latin terms ■ Medical terminology

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■ Romanization (cultural) ■ Toponymy ■ Wikipedia:IPA for Latin References

1. ^ "phalaros" in LSJ (http://archimedes.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/cgi-bin/archim/dict/hw? lemma=fa/la_ros&step=entry&id=d004) External links

■ List of Latin Derivatives (http://web.archive.org/web/20070823220828/http://cdsjcl.f2g.net/derivatives.html) ■ Greek and Latin roots (http://www.biology.ualberta.ca/courses.hp/zool250/Roots/roots.A- C.htm) ■ Database of Latin Dictionaries (http://www.brepols.net/publishers/pdf/Brepolis_DLD_manual_en.pdf) Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Greek_and_Latin_roots_in_English" Categories: Greek language | Latin language | Interlingua

■ This page was last modified on 11 July 2011 at 03:35. ■ Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. See Terms of use for details. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.

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