Year End Report for the 2016 Botanical Survey Season
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Molecular Evolutionary Rates Predict Both Extinction and Speciation In
Lancaster BMC Evolutionary Biology 2010, 10:162 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/10/162 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access MolecularResearch article evolutionary rates predict both extinction and speciation in temperate angiosperm lineages Lesley T Lancaster Abstract Background: A positive relationship between diversification (i.e., speciation) and nucleotide substitution rates is commonly reported for angiosperm clades. However, the underlying cause of this relationship is often unknown because multiple intrinsic and extrinsic factors can affect the relationship, and these have confounded previous attempts infer causation. Determining which factor drives this oft-reported correlation can lend insight into the macroevolutionary process. Results: Using a new database of 13 time-calibrated angiosperm phylogenies based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences, and controlling for extrinsic variables of life history and habitat, I evaluated several potential intrinsic causes of this correlation. Speciation rates (λ) and relative extinction rates (ε) were positively correlated with mean substitution rates, but were uncorrelated with substitution rate heterogeneity. It is unlikely that the positive diversification-substitution correlation is due to accelerated molecular evolution during speciation (e.g., via enhanced selection or drift), because punctuated increases in ITS rate (i.e., greater mean and variation in ITS rate for rapidly speciating clades) were not observed. Instead, fast molecular evolution likely increases speciation rate (via increased mutational variation as a substrate for selection and reproductive isolation) but also increases extinction (via mutational genetic load). Conclusions: In general, these results predict that clades with higher background substitution rates may undergo successful diversification under new conditions while clades with lower substitution rates may experience decreased extinction during environmental stasis. -
Vegetation Monitoring on Idaho Department of Fish and Game Fish and Wildlife Mitigation Lands: Pilot Studies on the Albeni Falls
Vegetation Monitoring on Idaho Department of Fish and Game Fish and Wildlife Mitigation Lands Pilot Studies on the Albeni Falls Wildlife Mitigation Project, Pend Orielle and Boundary Creek Wildlife Management Areas Steven K. Rust Jennifer J. Miller Edward Bottum Christopher J. Murphy Cynthia L Coulter Juanita J. Lichthardt Karen Gray Luana McCauley April 2003 Idaho Conservation Data Center Department of Fish and Game 600 South Walnut, P.O. Box 25 Boise, Idaho 83707 Steven M. Huffaker, Director Prepared through funding provided by: Bonneville Power Administration Northwest Power Planning Council, Columbia River Basin Fish and Wildlife Program ii Table of Contents Introduction ............................................... 1 Methods ................................................. 2 Results.................................................. 3 Discussion ............................................... 4 Literature Cited............................................ 8 Figures................................................. 10 Tables.................................................. 15 Appendix A .............................................. 26 Appendix B .............................................. 27 Appendix C .............................................. 28 iii iv Introduction: The 1980 Northwest Power Act gives Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) the authority and responsibility to protect, mitigate, and enhance fish and wildlife populations and habitats that are affected by the development and operation of hydroelectric projects -
Vascular Plants at Fort Ross State Historic Park
19005 Coast Highway One, Jenner, CA 95450 ■ 707.847.3437 ■ [email protected] ■ www.fortross.org Title: Vascular Plants at Fort Ross State Historic Park Author(s): Dorothy Scherer Published by: California Native Plant Society i Source: Fort Ross Conservancy Library URL: www.fortross.org Fort Ross Conservancy (FRC) asks that you acknowledge FRC as the source of the content; if you use material from FRC online, we request that you link directly to the URL provided. If you use the content offline, we ask that you credit the source as follows: “Courtesy of Fort Ross Conservancy, www.fortross.org.” Fort Ross Conservancy, a 501(c)(3) and California State Park cooperating association, connects people to the history and beauty of Fort Ross and Salt Point State Parks. © Fort Ross Conservancy, 19005 Coast Highway One, Jenner, CA 95450, 707-847-3437 .~ ) VASCULAR PLANTS of FORT ROSS STATE HISTORIC PARK SONOMA COUNTY A PLANT COMMUNITIES PROJECT DOROTHY KING YOUNG CHAPTER CALIFORNIA NATIVE PLANT SOCIETY DOROTHY SCHERER, CHAIRPERSON DECEMBER 30, 1999 ) Vascular Plants of Fort Ross State Historic Park August 18, 2000 Family Botanical Name Common Name Plant Habitat Listed/ Community Comments Ferns & Fern Allies: Azollaceae/Mosquito Fern Azo/la filiculoides Mosquito Fern wp Blechnaceae/Deer Fern Blechnum spicant Deer Fern RV mp,sp Woodwardia fimbriata Giant Chain Fern RV wp Oennstaedtiaceae/Bracken Fern Pleridium aquilinum var. pubescens Bracken, Brake CG,CC,CF mh T Oryopteridaceae/Wood Fern Athyrium filix-femina var. cyclosorum Western lady Fern RV sp,wp Dryopteris arguta Coastal Wood Fern OS op,st Dryopteris expansa Spreading Wood Fern RV sp,wp Polystichum munitum Western Sword Fern CF mh,mp Equisetaceae/Horsetail Equisetum arvense Common Horsetail RV ds,mp Equisetum hyemale ssp.affine Common Scouring Rush RV mp,sg Equisetum laevigatum Smooth Scouring Rush mp,sg Equisetum telmateia ssp. -
NATIVE PLANT FIELD GUIDE Revised March 2012
NATIVE PLANT FIELD GUIDE Revised March 2012 Hansen's Northwest Native Plant Database www.nwplants.com Foreword Once upon a time, there was a very kind older gentleman who loved native plants. He lived in the Pacific northwest, so plants from this area were his focus. As a young lad, his grandfather showed him flowers and bushes and trees, the sweet taste of huckleberries and strawberries, the smell of Giant Sequoias, Incense Cedars, Junipers, pines and fir trees. He saw hummingbirds poking Honeysuckles and Columbines. He wandered the woods and discovered trillium. When he grew up, he still loved native plants--they were his passion. He built a garden of natives and then built a nursery so he could grow lots of plants and teach gardeners about them. He knew that alien plants and hybrids did not usually live peacefully with natives. In fact, most of them are fierce enemies, not well behaved, indeed, they crowd out and overtake natives. He wanted to share his information so he built a website. It had a front page, a page of plants on sale, and a page on how to plant natives. But he wanted more, lots more. So he asked for help. I volunteered and he began describing what he wanted his website to do, what it should look like, what it should say. He shared with me his dream of making his website so full of information, so inspiring, so educational that it would be the most important source of native plant lore on the internet, serving the entire world. -
Outline of Angiosperm Phylogeny
Outline of angiosperm phylogeny: orders, families, and representative genera with emphasis on Oregon native plants Priscilla Spears December 2013 The following listing gives an introduction to the phylogenetic classification of the flowering plants that has emerged in recent decades, and which is based on nucleic acid sequences as well as morphological and developmental data. This listing emphasizes temperate families of the Northern Hemisphere and is meant as an overview with examples of Oregon native plants. It includes many exotic genera that are grown in Oregon as ornamentals plus other plants of interest worldwide. The genera that are Oregon natives are printed in a blue font. Genera that are exotics are shown in black, however genera in blue may also contain non-native species. Names separated by a slash are alternatives or else the nomenclature is in flux. When several genera have the same common name, the names are separated by commas. The order of the family names is from the linear listing of families in the APG III report. For further information, see the references on the last page. Basal Angiosperms (ANITA grade) Amborellales Amborellaceae, sole family, the earliest branch of flowering plants, a shrub native to New Caledonia – Amborella Nymphaeales Hydatellaceae – aquatics from Australasia, previously classified as a grass Cabombaceae (water shield – Brasenia, fanwort – Cabomba) Nymphaeaceae (water lilies – Nymphaea; pond lilies – Nuphar) Austrobaileyales Schisandraceae (wild sarsaparilla, star vine – Schisandra; Japanese -
Hill View Rare Plants, Summer Catalogue 2011, Australia
Summer 2011/12 Hill View Rare Plants Calochortus luteus Calochortus superbus Susan Jarick Calochortus albidus var. rubellus 400 Huon Road South Hobart Tas 7004 Ph 03 6224 0770 Summer 2011/12 400 Huon Road South Hobart Tasmania, 7004 400 Huon Road South Hobart Tasmania, 7004 Summer 2011/12 Hill View Rare Plants Ph 03 6224 0770 Ph 03 6224 0770 Hill View Rare Plants Marcus Harvey’s Hill View Rare Plants 400 Huon Road South Hobart Tasmania, 7004 Welcome to our 2011/2012 summer catalogue. We have never had so many problems in fitting the range of plants we have “on our books” into the available space! We always try and keep our lists “democratic” and balanced although at times our prejudices show and one or two groups rise to the top. This year we are offering an unprecedented range of calochortus in a multiplicity of sizes, colours and flower shapes from the charming fairy lanterns of C. albidus through to the spectacular, later-flowering mariposas with upward-facing bowl-shaped flowers in a rich tapestry of shades from canary-yellow through to lilac, lavender and purple. Counterpoised to these flashy dandies we are offering an assortment of choice muscari whose quiet charm, softer colours and Tulipa vvedenskyi Tecophilaea cyanocrocus Violacea persistent flowering make them no less effective in the winter and spring garden. Standouts among this group are the deliciously scented duo, M. muscarimi and M. macrocarpum and the striking and little known tassel-hyacith, M. weissii. While it has its devotees, many gardeners are unaware of the qualities of the large and diverse tribe of “onions”, known as alliums. -
Bryophyte Surveys 2009
Interagency Special Status Species Program Survey of Large Meadow Complexes for Sensitive Bryophyte and Fungal Species in the Northern Willamette National Forest Chris Wagner Willamette National Forest Detroit Ranger District District Botanist October 2011 1 Table of contents Introduction / Project Description……………………………………………………………..3 Sites Surveyed and Survey Results……………………………………………………………..4 Meadows, Information, Results…………………………………………………………………..9 Potential Future Survey Work………………………………………………………………………………14 References……………………………………………………………………………………….….…...15 ATTACHMENT 1: Regional Forester’s Special Status Species List for the Willamette National Forest (Revised 2008)……....................…………..16 2 Introduction Surveys were completed in 2010 and 2011 for large meadow complexes in the northern districts of the Willamette National Forest to determine whether any sensitive species of bryophytes or fungi are present. The type of habitat was also determined to clarify whether the habitat is a wet or dry meadow, bog or fen. Bryophyte identification was begun in 2010 with the first specimens collected and continued on through 2011 when most priority bryophytes were identified. The meadows selected represent the highest probability habitat for wetland bryophytes and fungi on Detroit and Sweet Home Ranger Districts. Some of these meadows may have been surveyed for vascular plant species in the past, but there are many new non-vascular sensitive species on the Willamette NF 2008 sensitive species list (see attachment 1) and additional species being being added to the proposed 2012 Regional Forester’s sensitive species list (unpublished). Meadows surveyed on the Detroit Ranger District included: Tule Lake meadow complex, Twin Meadows, Marion Lake meadow complex, Jo Jo Lake site, Wild Cheat Meadows, Bruno Meadows, Pigeon Prairie Meadow complex and Big Meadows. On the Sweet Home Ranger District Gordon Lake Meadows Complex was surveyed. -
ERYTHRONIUMS in CULTIVATION © Ian Young Erythronium Californicum
ERYTHRONIUMS IN CULTIVATION © Ian Young ERYTHRONIUMS IN CULTIVATION © Ian Young Erythronium californicum ERYTHRONIUMS IN CULTIVATION © Ian Young Erythronium californicum Erythronium californicum filaments are narrow, ribbon-like with milky white pollen , the flowers are also creamy white with a yellow centre; some forms have dark red zig zag patterns around the centre. Erythronium californicum is another excellent garden plant which is most often seen under the cultivar name of Erythronium ‘White Beauty’ this is readily available. I include ‘White Beauty’ here, rather than under hybrids, as there are no morphological indications that any other species is involved. What makes this form such a good garden plant is its ability to tolerate a wide range of garden types and increase well by division: a healthy well- grown bulb can make two new flowering sized bulbs plus have several smaller offsets every year – it also regularly sets seed. Erythronium ‘White Beauty’ ERYTHRONIUMS IN CULTIVATION © Ian Young Erythronium californicum All forms are free flowering, setting seed most years provided the weather conditions at flowering time are not too cold and wet. Erythronium ‘White Beauty’ has fewer seeds in the capsule compared to other forms; about one third of the number. Erythronium californicum seeds ERYTHRONIUMS IN CULTIVATION © Ian Young Bulb On the left is a group of Erythronium californicum bulbs showing the typical shape – the longer thin ones are younger bulbs still taking themselves down into the ground seeking the best conditions. Most forms will increase by offsets, soon forming clumps – forms such as ‘White Beauty’ form clumps quickly, see below, and are best lifted and divided every three to five years to maintain good flowering. -
Representativeness Assessment of Research Natural Areas on National Forest System Lands in Idaho
USDA United States Department of Representativeness Assessment of Agriculture Forest Service Research Natural Areas on Rocky Mountain Research Station National Forest System Lands General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-45 in Idaho March 2000 Steven K. Rust Abstract Rust, Steven K. 2000. Representativeness assessment of research natural areas on National Forest System lands in Idaho. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-45. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 129 p. A representativeness assessment of National Forest System (N FS) Research Natural Areas in ldaho summarizes information on the status of the natural area network and priorities for identification of new Research Natural Areas. Natural distribution and abundance of plant associations is compared to the representation of plant associations within natural areas. Natural distribution and abundance is estimated using modeled potential natural vegetation, published classification and inventory data, and Heritage plant community element occur- rence data. Minimum criteria are applied to select only viable, high quality plant association occurrences. In assigning natural area selection priorities, decision rules are applied to encompass consideration of the adequacy and viability of representation. Selected for analysis were 1,024 plant association occurrences within 21 4 natural areas (including 115 NFS Research Natural Areas). Of the 1,566 combinations of association within ecological sections, 28 percent require additional data for further analysis; 8, 40, and 12 percent, respectively, are ranked from high to low conservation priority; 13 percent are fully represented. Patterns in natural area needs vary between ecological section. The result provides an operational prioritization of Research Natural Area needs at landscape and subregional scales. -
Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Redwood National Park
Humboldt State University Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University Botanical Studies Open Educational Resources and Data 9-17-2018 Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Redwood National Park James P. Smith Jr Humboldt State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/botany_jps Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Smith, James P. Jr, "Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Redwood National Park" (2018). Botanical Studies. 85. https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/botany_jps/85 This Flora of Northwest California-Checklists of Local Sites is brought to you for free and open access by the Open Educational Resources and Data at Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Botanical Studies by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A CHECKLIST OF THE VASCULAR PLANTS OF THE REDWOOD NATIONAL & STATE PARKS James P. Smith, Jr. Professor Emeritus of Botany Department of Biological Sciences Humboldt State Univerity Arcata, California 14 September 2018 The Redwood National and State Parks are located in Del Norte and Humboldt counties in coastal northwestern California. The national park was F E R N S established in 1968. In 1994, a cooperative agreement with the California Department of Parks and Recreation added Del Norte Coast, Prairie Creek, Athyriaceae – Lady Fern Family and Jedediah Smith Redwoods state parks to form a single administrative Athyrium filix-femina var. cyclosporum • northwestern lady fern unit. Together they comprise about 133,000 acres (540 km2), including 37 miles of coast line. Almost half of the remaining old growth redwood forests Blechnaceae – Deer Fern Family are protected in these four parks. -
National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands 1996
National List of Vascular Plant Species that Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary Indicator by Region and Subregion Scientific Name/ North North Central South Inter- National Subregion Northeast Southeast Central Plains Plains Plains Southwest mountain Northwest California Alaska Caribbean Hawaii Indicator Range Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes FACU FACU UPL UPL,FACU Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill. FAC FACW FAC,FACW Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr. NI NI NI NI NI UPL UPL Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir. FACU FACU FACU Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. FACU-* NI FACU-* Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. NI NI FACU+ FACU- FACU FAC UPL UPL,FAC Abies magnifica A. Murr. NI UPL NI FACU UPL,FACU Abildgaardia ovata (Burm. f.) Kral FACW+ FAC+ FAC+,FACW+ Abutilon theophrasti Medik. UPL FACU- FACU- UPL UPL UPL UPL UPL NI NI UPL,FACU- Acacia choriophylla Benth. FAC* FAC* Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd. FACU NI NI* NI NI FACU Acacia greggii Gray UPL UPL FACU FACU UPL,FACU Acacia macracantha Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. NI FAC FAC Acacia minuta ssp. minuta (M.E. Jones) Beauchamp FACU FACU Acaena exigua Gray OBL OBL Acalypha bisetosa Bertol. ex Spreng. FACW FACW Acalypha virginica L. FACU- FACU- FAC- FACU- FACU- FACU* FACU-,FAC- Acalypha virginica var. rhomboidea (Raf.) Cooperrider FACU- FAC- FACU FACU- FACU- FACU* FACU-,FAC- Acanthocereus tetragonus (L.) Humm. FAC* NI NI FAC* Acanthomintha ilicifolia (Gray) Gray FAC* FAC* Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl OBL OBL Acer circinatum Pursh FAC- FAC NI FAC-,FAC Acer glabrum Torr. FAC FAC FAC FACU FACU* FAC FACU FACU*,FAC Acer grandidentatum Nutt. -
Fort Ord Natural Reserve Plant List
UCSC Fort Ord Natural Reserve Plants Below is the most recently updated plant list for UCSC Fort Ord Natural Reserve. * non-native taxon ? presence in question Listed Species Information: CNPS Listed - as designated by the California Rare Plant Ranks (formerly known as CNPS Lists). More information at http://www.cnps.org/cnps/rareplants/ranking.php Cal IPC Listed - an inventory that categorizes exotic and invasive plants as High, Moderate, or Limited, reflecting the level of each species' negative ecological impact in California. More information at http://www.cal-ipc.org More information about Federal and State threatened and endangered species listings can be found at https://www.fws.gov/endangered/ (US) and http://www.dfg.ca.gov/wildlife/nongame/ t_e_spp/ (CA). FAMILY NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME LISTED Ferns AZOLLACEAE - Mosquito Fern American water fern, mosquito fern, Family Azolla filiculoides ? Mosquito fern, Pacific mosquitofern DENNSTAEDTIACEAE - Bracken Hairy brackenfern, Western bracken Family Pteridium aquilinum var. pubescens fern DRYOPTERIDACEAE - Shield or California wood fern, Coastal wood wood fern family Dryopteris arguta fern, Shield fern Common horsetail rush, Common horsetail, field horsetail, Field EQUISETACEAE - Horsetail Family Equisetum arvense horsetail Equisetum telmateia ssp. braunii Giant horse tail, Giant horsetail Pentagramma triangularis ssp. PTERIDACEAE - Brake Family triangularis Gold back fern Gymnosperms CUPRESSACEAE - Cypress Family Hesperocyparis macrocarpa Monterey cypress CNPS - 1B.2, Cal IPC