Ikara-Flinders Ranges National Park

S ummary of Plots on Ikara-Flinders

Ranges National Park

2012 -2018

Acknowledgments

TERN gratefully acknowledges the staff at The Ikara-Flinders Ranges National Park and the SA Department of Environment Water and Natural Resources for their support of the project and for allowing access to the park. Thanks also to the many volunteers, in particular Matt Christmas, Nick Gellie, Mark Crowder and Helen Lucas who helped to collect, curate and process the data and samples. Thank you to the South Austrlian herbarium for undertaking the plant identifications.

Contents

Introduction ...... 4 Accessing the Data ...... 6 Point intercept data ...... 6 Plant collections ...... 6 Leaf tissue samples ...... 6 Site description information ...... 6 Structural summary ...... 6 Leaf Area Index ...... 6 Basal area ...... 7 Soil classification ...... 7 Soil meta barcoding samples ...... 7 Soil bulk density ...... 7 Co-location with existing plots ...... 7 3D photo panorama ...... 8 Regional Context ...... 9 Uses of TERN AusPlot Data from Ikara-Flinders Ranges National Park ...... 13 Assessing drought sensitivity in plants using stable carbon isotopes ...... 13 Potential decoupling of plant and ant communities under climate change ...... 13 Opportunities for Integrated Ecological Analysis across Inland Australia with Standardised Data from Ausplots Rangelands ...... 13 Floristic and structural assessment of Australian rangeland vegetation with standardized plot based surveys ...... 13 Variation in chain-length of leaf wax n-alkanes in plants and soils across Australia...... 13 The Biomes of Australian Soil Environments ...... 14 The extent of forest in dryland biomes ...... 14 Herbarium Collections ...... 14 For more information ...... 14 Appendices ...... 15

Appendix 1. Summary of TERN AusPlots data and samples from Ikara-Flinders Ranges National Park ...... 15 Appendix 2. Plot locations ...... 15 Appendix 3. Point intercept data ...... 16 Appendix 4. Substrate and growth form ...... 16 Appendix 5. Structural Summary ...... 17 Appendix 6. Soil Classification ...... 18 Appendix 7. Plant collection ...... 19

Introduction Beginning in 2012, the Terrestrial Ecosystems Research Network (TERN), undertook a survey on Ikara-Flinders Ranges National Park, South Australia. The plots were revisited in 2018 The surveys involved vegetation and soils work following the AusPlots Rangelands methodology, with 3 plots completed. The plot is part of over 650 plots completed nationally. Figure 1 shows the TERN plot network, and Figure 2 shows the locations of the plots on Ikara-Flinders Ranges National Park.

This report provides a snapshot of some of the data which was collected during the survey work. A more detailed description of the methods used can be found online in our AusPlots Rangelands Survey Protocols Manual (White et al. 2012), available from our website www.AusPlots.org.

Figure 1. TERN plot network

AusPlots on Ikara-Flinders Ranges National Park

Accessing the Data All of the data the TERN collects is freely available online through the AEKOS data portal at www.aekos.org.au. It can also be viewed on the Soils to Satellites website which contains a range of useful visualisations sourced from the Atlas of Living Australia. At http://www.soils2satellites.org.au/.

Point intercept data The point intercept method is a straightforward method that is readily repeatable and requires little instruction to produce reliable plot information. It provides accurate benchmark data at each plot including substrate type and cover; as well as species structural information such as growth form, height, cover and abundance and population vertical structure. The demographic information produced at each plot can be compared spatially to indicate plot diﬀerences, and temporally to indicate change over time. Additionally, the cover data collected at each plot can be used to validate cover data extrapolated through remote sensing techniques.

Plant collections Each species that is found within the plot has a herbarium grade sample taken. These have all been formally identified by the SA Herbarium. Much of the material is then lodged at the SA Herbarium or at the TERN facility in Adelaide.

Leaf tissue samples All of the above samples also have leaf tissue samples taken. This involves placing leaf samples from each species into a cloth bag and drying them on silica desiccant. All of the dominant species have an extra 4 samples collected. These samples are available for use on application to TERN facility in Adelaide. They are able to be used for genetic analysis, isotopic composition and range of other uses.

Site description information Contextual information is also collected at each plot. This includes measures of slope an aspect, surface strew and lithology, and information on the grazing and fire history of the site. The plots location is also recorded with a differential GPS and the plot corners and centres (with landholder permission) marked with a star picket.

Structural summary Detailed structural summary information is also collected at each plot. When combined with the height and cover information from the point intercept data it enables the creation of structural description compatible with and NVIS level 5 description.

Leaf Area Index In plots where a mid and/or upper canopy is present a measure of Leaf Area is recorded. The tool used is an LAI- 2200 and it captures LAI measurements in a range of canopies using one or two sensors attached to a single data logger (LI-COR 1990). The LAI data has a range of potential application such as studies of canopy growth, canopy productivity, woodland vigour, canopy fuel load, air pollution deposition, modelling insect defoliation, remote sensing, and the global carbon cycle.

Basal area Basal area measurements are collected across plots where woody biomass is taller than 2 m. Basal area measurements provide information useful for calculating biomass and carbon levels and for structural studies. The wedge aperture, the length of string – 50 cm (and hence the distance from the eye and subsequent angle from the eye to the edges of the wedge aperture) and species count are all important in calculations. Algorithms developed for use with the basal wedge include the above data to calculate plant basal area on a per hectare basis even though species are counted outside the one-hectare plot area. The method is plotless but used because it is based on the concept of circles (trunks/basal area) within circles (circular plots) – the area of one varies proportionally to the change in the area of the other. Use of the basal wedge may be superseded by further improvement of the 3D photo point method and development of algorithms to provide information on vegetation community structure.

Soil classification Description of soils, including basic information on the information that has been recorded, the number of recordings and the coverage of locations, are generally poor across the rangelands region of Australia. The plot descriptions and soil characterisations collected by AusPlots will substantially alleviate this paucity of information. The data collected can also be used to increase the reliability of the rangelands component of the Soil and Landscape Grid of Australia, produced by the TERN facility consistent with the Global Soil Map specifications. Analyses of the collected samples will greatly enhance the level of knowledge (e.g. nutrient and carbon levels) and hence understanding of rangelands soils and how they will respond to climate change and management options. It is hoped to eventually be able to analyse all nine of the soil pits from within the plot using a number of different methods e.g. wet chemistry, MIR or NIR (mid infrared spectrometry or near infrared spectroscopy) either individually to provide a measure of variation of the parameter being measured across a plot or bulked together and a sub-sample extracted and analysed to provide a mean value for that parameter across a plot.

Soil meta barcoding samples Metagenomics is the study of genetic material recovered directly from environmental samples. Soil metagenomics provides the opportunity to understand what organisms are present at survey plots and provides an indication on their abundance. The collection techniques result in a bias towards higher order organisms. The AusPlots on Ikara- Flinders Ranges National Park has soil meta barcoding samples collected.

Soil bulk density The soil bulk density (BD), also known as dry bulk density, is the weight of dry soil divided by the total soil volume. The total soil volume is the combined volume of solids and pores which may contain air or water, or both. The average values of air, water and solids in the sample are easily measured and are a useful indication of a soils physical condition. Soil test results are most often presented either as a percentage of soil (e.g. % organic carbon) or as a weight per unit of soil (e.g. nitrogen, mg/kg). As bulk density is a measure of soil weight in a given volume, it provides a useful conversion from these units to an area basis unit (e.g. t/ha). The resulting number gives an easily understandable idea of the carbon storage or nutritional status of the soil on an area basis.

Co-location with existing plots TERN AusPlots works on a mix of both new plots (where this is little existing monitoring infrastructure) and co- location with existing plots. The plot on Ikara-Flinders Ranges National Park forms part of the Transect for Environmetnal Decsision-Making (TREND). This transect is part TERN’s Australian Transect Network and straddles the rainfall and temperature gradient that runs from Deep Creek on the Fleurieu Peninsula to the plains north of the Flinders Ranges.

3D photo panorama TERN AusPlots uses a three-dimensional method for photographing the site. This involves taking three 360-degree panoramas in a triangular pattern. This allows for the creation of a 3D model of the vegetation within the plot which can be used to monitor change over time, track plot condition as well as providing a unique, fast measurement of basal area and biomass. A subset of these photo panoramas is shown below.

SATFLB0004

SATFLB0005

SATFLB0007

Regional Context

Figure 3. AusPlots Rangelands plot locations close to Ikara-Flinders Ranges National Park Topographic data copyright Geoscience Australia and South Australian Government

Figure 4. Modelled 9s elevation Data from: Xu and Hutchinson, 2011. ANUCLIM Version 6.1. Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian National University, Australia.

Figure 5. Mean annual temperature Data from: Xu and Hutchinson, 2011. ANUCLIM Version 6.1. Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian National University, Australia.

Figure 6. Mean annual precipitation Climate Data from: Xu and Hutchinson, 2011. ANUCLIM Version 6.1. Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian National University, Australia.

Uses of TERN AusPlot Data from Ikara-Flinders Ranges National Park The TERN AusPlots survey method was developed out of a dire need for consistent, national scale ecological data and surveillance monitoring. To date, we have completed over 650 survey plots across the continent, including 42 as a part of the Transect for Ecological Monitoring and Decision Making. The data and samples collected from these surveys are being used in a range of ways to allow comparisons across the state and the continent. Some of the projects that have made use of the data and samples from Ikara-Flinders Ranges National Park site are listed below.

Assessing drought sensitivity in plants using stable carbon isotopes (Stefan Caddy-Retalic) In terrestrial plants, there is a trade-off between photosynthetic uptake and water loss. This means that we can use the stable carbon isotope ratio of leaves as a proxy for water stress. Stefan has measured the stable carbon isotope ratios of 151 species of native and invasive plants across a wide aridity gradient, allowing him to rank species by their sensitivity to aridity. This information can be used to predict which plants will be the most and least sensitive to ongoing climate change and can be used for conservation planning and predict how our vegetation will change.

Potential decoupling of plant and ant communities under climate change (Stefan Caddy- Retalic) Under climate change, many species will be forced to migrate to maintain suitable conditions. Plants and ants are two of the dominant groups in terrestrial ecosystems, and have tight linkages through pollination, herbivory, defence and a range of other interactions. Despite these close linkages, plants and ants may be very differently affected by predicted climate change, and forced to migrate in different ways, disrupting species interactions and ecosystem function. Stefan is using the plant and ant composition data collected at Ikara-Flinders Ranges National Park and the other Ikara-Flinders Ranges National Park sites, combined with high resolution climate projections, to predict whether these terrestrial systems are likely to remain intact or degrade over the next century.

Opportunities for Integrated Ecological Analysis across Inland Australia with Standardised Data from Ausplots Rangelands (Greg Guerin)

How species abundance distributions (SADs) vary over climatic gradients is a key question for the influence of environmental change on ecosystem processes. Greg Guerin is a researcher based at the University of Adelaide. He first set up the plots some of the plots on Ikara-Flinders Ranges National Park prior to the AusPlots visit. Greg has undertaken analysis on the entire plot network (Including Ikara-Flinders Ranges National Park) He has found linear relationships between SAD shape and rainfall within grassland and shrubland communities, indicating more uneven abundance in deserts and suggesting relative abundance may shift as a consequence of climate change, resulting in altered diversity and ecosystem function.

Floristic and structural assessment of Australian rangeland vegetation with standardized plot based surveys (Zdravko Baruch)

Vegetation classification at a continental scale has been lacking over the rangelands in Australia due to a lack of consistent data beyond state and regional levels. Zdravko undertook an integrated and comparative environmental, floristic and structural description of rangeland vegetation based on the AusPlots Surveys. His results offer a tentative classification scheme that is novel, ecologically sound and coherent in terms of floristic composition and structural attributes.

Variation in chain-length of leaf wax n-alkanes in plants and soils across Australia (Sian Howard)

Leaf waxes are produced by plants to protect their leaves and one of their dominant components, n-alkanes, preserve well in soils and sediments and are readily used for reconstructing past vegetation and climate. Using plants and soils from Ikara-Flinders Ranges National Park and other sites, Sian found that longer- chained n-alkanes were associated with grasses and shorter-chained n-alkanes were associated with trees but that the n-alkanes in the soils were not related to that of the current dominant vegetation. This lack of correlation between current vegetation and soils suggests that n-alkanes may travel large distances and/or be retained in the surface soil despite a change in the local vegetation community.

The Biomes of Australian Soil Environments (Andrew Bissett) Soil samples from Ikara-Flinders Ranges National Park were subjected to DNA metabarcoding, a genetic screening technique for establishing the diversity of bacteria, archaea, eukaryotes and fungi. The BASE project has generated a database of microbial diversity with associated metadata across extensive environmental gradients at continental scale. As the characterisation of microbes rapidly expands, the BASE database provides an evolving platform for interrogating and integrating microbial diversity and function. BASE will evolve as a valuable tool for documenting an often overlooked component of biodiversity and the many microbe-driven processes that are essential to sustain soil function and ecosystem services.

The extent of forest in dryland biomes (Jean-Francois Bastin) The vegetation cover data from Ikara-Flinders Ranges National Park was also part of a recent mapping project undertaken by the Food and Agriculture arm of the UN. They were able to show that in 2015, 1327 million hectares of drylands had more than 10% tree-cover, and 1079 million hectares comprised forest. Their estimate is 40 to 47% higher than previous estimates, corresponding to 467 million hectares of forest that have never been reported before. This increases current estimates of global forest cover by at least 9%.

Herbarium Collections TERN works very closely with state and national herbaria to help augment their collections to enable research and to better understand species distributions. Located in valuable areas of native vegetation, the plant collections made on Ikara-Flinders Ranges National Park have been eagerly accepted by the South Australian and National Herbarium. These specimens are currently being professionally mounted and preserved and will form a permanent part of their collection, which is available to botanical researchers globally to support ongoing research.

For more information More information on the AusPlots method can be found on our website www.AusPlots.org

For more information regarding the survey work on the Ikara-Flinders Ranges National Park and assistance downloading and utilising the data from AEKOS and Soils2Satellites contact Emrys Leitch, TERN Field Survey Officer, [email protected]

For more information regarding the TERN Adelaide facility, contact Ben Sparrow, [email protected]

Appendices

Appendix 1. Summary of TERN AusPlots data and samples from Ikara-Flinders Ranges National Park

AusPlots Data and Samples Count

Total Collections 130

Total Leaf Tissue Samples 208

Total number of soil samples 72

Total weight of soil (kg) 72

Total metagenomic samples 27

Total metagenomic weight (kg) 14

Appendix 2. Plot locations

Plot Name Date Location latitude longitude

SATFLB0004 18-Sep-12 Brachina Gorge Heysen Range Lower. 63km North North -31.32773611 138.5673306 East of Adelaide

SATFLB0005 20-Aug-12 Brachina Gorge Heysen Range Upper. 65km North North -31.31546111 138.5663667 East of Hawker

SATFLB0007 22-Sep-12 Flinders Ranges National Park Wilpena Pound. 42km North -31.54388317 138.594579 North East of Hawker

Appendix 3. Point intercept data

Plot name Herbarium ID Common name Approx. % cover SA Cons. Status

SATFLB0004 Callitris glaucophylla White Cypress 8.42

SATFLB0004 Eucalyptus intertexta Red Box 6.53

SATFLB0004 Rhagodia parabolica Fragrant Saltbush 4.26

SATFLB0004 Hakea leucoptera Kuloa 3.17

SATFLB0004 Dodonaea viscosa subsp. 3.17 angustissima

SATFLB0004 Ptilotus obovatus var. obovatus 3.07

SATFLB0004 Cassinia laevis 1.88

SATFLB0004 Sida petrophila Rock Sida 1.49

SATFLB0005 Dodonaea viscosa subsp. 26.73 angustissima

SATFLB0005 Eucalyptus flindersii Grey mallee 8.91

SATFLB0005 Chrysocephalum semipapposum Clustered Everlasting 8.12

SATFLB0005 Goodenia vernicosa 6.63

SATFLB0005 Olearia decurrens Clammy Daisy-bush 5.05

SATFLB0005 Bursaria spinosa subsp. spinosa 4.36

SATFLB0005 Cassinia laevis 2.67

SATFLB0005 Calytrix tetragona Common Fringe-myrtle 2.57

SATFLB0005 Eremophila deserti Turkey-bush 2.18

SATFLB0005 Casuarina pauper (dead) Belah 1.98

SATFLB0005 Callitris glaucophylla White Cypress 1.98

SATFLB0007 Casuarina pauper (dead) Belah 11.29

SATFLB0007 Allocasuarina muelleriana subsp. 7.13 muelleriana

SATFLB0007 Acacia havilandiorum (dead) Haviland's Wattle 4.65

SATFLB0007 Eucalyptus flindersii (dead) Grey mallee 3.96

SATFLB0007 Acacia havilandiorum Haviland's Wattle 3.96

SATFLB0007 Casuarina pauper Belah 3.56

SATFLB0007 Eucalyptus flindersii Grey mallee 2.38

SATFLB0007 Allocasuarina muelleriana subsp. 2.18 muelleriana (dead)

SATFLB0007 Eucalyptus intertexta Red Box 1.49

SATFLB0007 Eucalyptus intertexta (dead) Red Box 1.19

Appendix 4. Substrate and growth form

Plot Name Substrate Approx % substrate Plot Name Growth Form Approx % of Growth Forms SATFLB0004 Leaf litter 39.60 SATFLB0004 Tree/Palm 14.95 SATFLB0004 Rock 30.59 SATFLB0004 Shrub 9.80 SATFLB0004 Cryptogam 19.90 SATFLB0004 Forb 5.05 SATFLB0004 Bare ground 9.31 SATFLB0004 Chenopod 4.26 SATFLB0004 Outcrop 0.30 SATFLB0004 Hummock grass 0.10

SATFLB0004 Coarse woody debris 0.30 Plot Name Substrate Approx % substrate Plot Name Growth Form Approx % of Growth Forms SATFLB0005 Leaf litter 62.18 SATFLB0005 Shrub 29.11 SATFLB0005 Cryptogam 21.68 SATFLB0005 Forb 15.15 SATFLB0005 Rock 10.20 SATFLB0005 Tree Mallee 8.91 SATFLB0005 Bare ground 4.16 SATFLB0005 Tree/Palm 1.98 SATFLB0005 Coarse woody debris 1.78 SATFLB0005 Vine 0.10 Plot Name Substrate Approx % substrate Plot Name Growth Form Approx % of Growth Forms SATFLB0007 Leaf litter 48.42 SATFLB0007 Shrub 13.37 SATFLB0007 Rock 31.58 SATFLB0007 Tree Mallee 3.86 SATFLB0007 Bare ground 10.00 SATFLB0007 Forb 0.79 SATFLB0007 Outcrop 9.41 SATFLB0007 Coarse woody debris 0.59

Appendix 5. Structural Summary

Plot name Structural description

SATFLB0004 Callitris glaucophylla / Eucalyptus intertexta low woodland. A mid-stratum dominated by Rhagodia paradoxa and Hakea leucoptera with some scattered Cassinia laevis and Dodonaea viscosa subsp. angustissima. Ground stratum sparse but dominated by Ptilotus obovatus var. obovatus

SATFLB0005 Eucalyptus flindersii low mallee woodland with emergent Callitris glaucophylla. Diverse mid stratum dominated by Dodonaea viscosa subsp. angustissima with Olearia decurrens, Cassinia laevis and Calytrix tetragona. ground stratum dominated by Chrysocephalum semipapposum with Goodenia vernicosa

SATFLB0007 Allocasuarina muelleriana subsp. muelleriana / Casuarina pauper mid open shrubland with Eucalyptus flindersii. Ground stratum sparse but dominated by Chrysocephalum apiculatum

Appendix 6. Soil Classification

Sample Upper Lower Plot name pH EC Effervescence depth depth

SATFLB0004 Sampled from Pit 0 0.1 6.3 0.07 Non-calcareous

SATFLB0004 Sampled from Pit 0.1 0.2 7 0.03 Non-calcareous

SATFLB0004 Sampled from Pit 0.2 0.3 6.8 0.08 Non-calcareous

SATFLB0004 Sampled from Pit 0.3 0.4 6.9 0.14 Non-calcareous

SATFLB0004 Sampled from Pit 0.4 0.5 7.5 1.18 Non-calcareous

SATFLB0004 Sampled from Pit 0.5 0.6 7.8 1.65 Non-calcareous

SATFLB0004 Sampled from Pit 0.6 0.7 8.3 1.84 Non-calcareous

SATFLB0004 Sampled from Pit 0.7 0.8 8.5 2.05 Non-calcareous

Appendix 7. Plant collection

* Denotes introduced species

Plot name Herbarium determination Common name SA Cons. Status

SATFLB0004 Acacia ligulata Dune Wattle

SATFLB0004 Acacia pravifolia Coil-pod Wattle

SATFLB0004 Acacia tetragonophylla Kurara

SATFLB0004 Alectryon oleifolius Bullock Bush

SATFLB0004 Austrostipa sp.

SATFLB0004 Bursaria spinosa subsp. spinosa

SATFLB0004 Callitris glaucophylla White Cypress

SATFLB0004 *Carrichtera annua Ward's Weed

SATFLB0004 Cassinia laevis

SATFLB0004 Cheilanthes lasiophylla Woolly Cloak Fern

SATFLB0004 Cheilanthes sieberi subsp. sieberi

SATFLB0004 Crassula colorata var. acuminata

SATFLB0004 Dodonaea lobulata Bead Hopbush

SATFLB0004 Dodonaea viscosa subsp. angustissima

SATFLB0004 *Echium plantagineum Paterson's Curse

SATFLB0004 Eremophila deserti Turkey-bush

SATFLB0004 Eucalyptus intertexta Red Box

SATFLB0004 Exocarpos aphyllus Current Bush

SATFLB0004 Glycine rubiginosa

SATFLB0004 Goodenia vernicosa

SATFLB0004 Hakea leucoptera Kuloa

SATFLB0004 Hakea rugosa Dwarf Hakea

SATFLB0004 Leiocarpa semicalva

SATFLB0004 Leiocarpa semicalva subsp. semicalva

SATFLB0004 Lomandra multiflora subsp. dura

SATFLB0004 Lomandra nana

SATFLB0004 Lysimachia arvensis Scarlet Pimpernel

SATFLB0004 Maireana enchylaenoides Wingless Bluebush

SATFLB0004 *Marrubium vulgare Hoarhound

SATFLB0004 Millotia tenuifolia var. tenuifolia Soft Millotia

SATFLB0004 Myoporum montanum Boobialla

SATFLB0004 Olearia decurrens Clammy Daisy-bush

SATFLB0004 Olearia pimeleoides Burrabunga

SATFLB0004 Oxalis perennans Woody-root oxalis

SATFLB0004 Pimelea microcephala subsp. microcephala

SATFLB0004 Pittosporum angustifolium Weeping Pittosporum

SATFLB0004 Ptilotus obovatus var. obovatus

SATFLB0004 Rhagodia parabolica Fragrant Saltbush

Plot name Herbarium determination Common name SA Cons. Status

SATFLB0004 Rhyncharrhena linearis Purple Pentatrope

SATFLB0004 Rytidosperma sp. Danthonia

SATFLB0004 Scleranthus pungens Prickly Knawel

SATFLB0004 Senna artemisioides subsp. x artemisioides

SATFLB0004 Senna artemisioides subsp. x coriacea

SATFLB0004 Sida petrophila Rock Sida

SATFLB0004 Silene sp. Campion

SATFLB0004 Solanum petrophilum Prickly Nightshade

SATFLB0004 Solanum quadriloculatum Tomato Bush

SATFLB0004 Standing Litter

SATFLB0004 Triodia sp.

SATFLB0004 Wahlenbergia luteola

SATFLB0004 Wahlenbergia sp.

SATFLB0004 Wurmbea dioica subsp. brevifolia

SATFLB0004 Xanthorrhoea quadrangulata

SATFLB0004 Zygophyllum sp.

SATFLB0005 Amyema miquelii Box Mistletoe

SATFLB0005 Austrostipa sp.

SATFLB0005 Beyeria lechenaultii Pale Turpentine Bush

SATFLB0005 Brachyscome ciliaris var. ciliaris

SATFLB0005 Bursaria spinosa subsp. spinosa

SATFLB0005 Callitris glaucophylla White Cypress

SATFLB0005 Calytrix tetragona Common Fringe-myrtle

SATFLB0005 Cassinia laevis

SATFLB0005 Cassytha peninsularis (Streaked) Dodder -laurel

SATFLB0005 Casuarina pauper Belah

SATFLB0005 Chrysocephalum semipapposum Clustered Everlasting

SATFLB0005 Daucus glochidiatus Australian Carrot

SATFLB0005 Dodonaea viscosa subsp. angustissima

SATFLB0005 Eremophila deserti Turkey-bush

SATFLB0005 Eucalyptus flindersii Grey mallee

SATFLB0005 *Galium murale Small Bedstraw.

SATFLB0005 Glycine rubiginosa

SATFLB0005 Goodenia vernicosa

SATFLB0005 Grevillea aspera

SATFLB0005 Halgania cyanea Blue Halgania

SATFLB0005 Isoetopsis graminifolia Grass Buttons

SATFLB0005 Lomandra multiflora subsp. dura

SATFLB0005 Maireana enchylaenoides Wingless Bluebush

SATFLB0005 Olearia decurrens Clammy Daisy-bush

SATFLB0005 Ozothamnus retusus Rough Everlasting

SATFLB0005 Phyllanthus saxosus Blister Spurge

Plot name Herbarium determination Common name SA Cons. Status

SATFLB0005 Pimelea glauca Smooth Rice-flower

SATFLB0005 Pimelea sp. Rice flower

SATFLB0005 Pterostylis sp. (undescribed)

SATFLB0005 Ptilotus obovatus var. obovatus

SATFLB0005 Senecio sp.

SATFLB0005 Solanum petrophilum Prickly Nightshade

SATFLB0005 *Sonchus sp. Manga

SATFLB0005 Standing Litter

SATFLB0005 Templetonia aculeata Spiny Bush-pea

SATFLB0005 Thelymitra alcockiae

SATFLB0005 Triptilodiscus pygmaeus Common Sunray

SATFLB0005 Xanthorrhoea quadrangulata

SATFLB0007 Acacia havilandiorum Haviland's Wattle

SATFLB0007 Acacia obtusifolia Blunt leaf Wattle

SATFLB0007 Allocasuarina muelleriana subsp. muelleriana

SATFLB0007 Arthropodium strictum Chocolate Lily

SATFLB0007 Asteraceae sp.

SATFLB0007 Astroloma conostephioides Flame Heath

SATFLB0007 Boerhavia dominii Tah-vine

SATFLB0007 Brachyscome ciliaris var. ciliaris

SATFLB0007 Bulbine alata Native Leek

SATFLB0007 Bursaria spinosa subsp. spinosa

SATFLB0007 Calytrix tetragona Common Fringe-myrtle

SATFLB0007 Cassytha flindersii

SATFLB0007 Casuarina pauper Belah

SATFLB0007 Cheilanthes sieberi subsp. sieberi

SATFLB0007 Chrysocephalum apiculatum Common Everlasting

SATFLB0007 Daucus glochidiatus Australian Carrot

SATFLB0007 Dodonaea viscosa subsp. angustissima

SATFLB0007 Eucalyptus flindersii Grey mallee

SATFLB0007 Eucalyptus intertexta Red Box

SATFLB0007 Euchiton sphaericus Star Cudweed

SATFLB0007 Eutaxia microphylla Common Eutaxia

SATFLB0007 Grevillea aspera

SATFLB0007 Hibbertia crinita Mount Hope Guinea-flower

SATFLB0007 Hybanthus monopetalus Lady's Slipper

SATFLB0007 Hydrocotyle callicarpa Small Pennywort

SATFLB0007 Lepidosperma viscidum Sticky Sword-sedge

SATFLB0007 Lysimachia arvensis Scarlet Pimpernel

SATFLB0007 *Medicago polymorpha Burr Medic

SATFLB0007 Plantago hispida Hairy Plantain

SATFLB0007 Senna artemisioides subsp. x artemisioides

Plot name Herbarium determination Common name SA Cons. Status

SATFLB0007 Spyridium phlebophyllum

SATFLB0007 Standing Litter

SATFLB0007 Thysanotus patersonii Twining Fringe Lily

SATFLB0007 Thysanotus sp.

SATFLB0007 Wahlenbergia gracilenta Annual Bluebell

SATFLB0007 Wahlenbergia luteola

SATFLB0007 Wurmbea dioica subsp. brevifolia

SATFLB0007 Xanthorrhoea quadrangulata