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Cameroon Assessment
Cameroon COUNTRY REPORT October 2003 Country Information & Policy Unit IMMIGRATION & NATIONALITY DIRECTORATE HOME OFFICE, UNITED KINGDOM Cameroon October 2003 CONTENTS 1. Scope of document 1.1 - 1.4 2. Geography 2.1 - 2.5 3. Economy 3.1 – 3.2 4. History 4.1 – 4.25 Summary of events since independence (1960) 4.1 – 4.22 - Paul Biya Presidency (1982 - Present) 4.5 – 4.12 - Elections (1996-1997) 4.13 – 4.18 - Elections (2002) 4.19 – 4.22 The Bakassi Issue 4.23 – 4.25 5. State Structures 5.1 – 5.39 The Constitution 5.1 – 5.8 - Citizenship and Nationality 5.3 – 5.8 Political System 5.9 – 5.12 - Relationship with Neighbouring Countries 5.12 Judiciary 5.13 – 5.17 Legal Rights/Detention 5.18 – 5.21 - Death Penalty 5.21 Internal Security 5.22 Prisons and Prison Conditions 5.23 – 5.28 Military Service 5.29 – 5.30 - Conscientious Objectors and Deserters 5.30 Medical Services 5.31 – 5.37 - HIV/AIDS 5.32 – 5.34 - Tuberculosis 5.35 - Mental Health 5.36 - People with disabilities 5.37 The Education System 5.37 – 5.39 Cameroon October 2003 6. HUMAN RIGHTS 6.A HUMAN RIGHTS ISSUES 6.1 – 6.59 Overview 6.1 – 6.13 - Arrest and Arbitrary Detention 6.3 – 6.4 - Torture and other Inhumane or Degrading Treatment 6.5 – 6.7 - Disappearances 6.8 - Arbitrary or unlawful killings 6.9 –6.10 - Arbitrary Interference with Privacy 6.11 - 6.12 - Security Forces – Human Rights Training 6.13 Freedom of Speech and the Media 6.14 – 6.25 - Journalists 6.22 – 6.25 Freedom of Religion 6.26 – 6.31 - The Practice of Witchcraft 6.31 Freedom of Assembly and Political Association 6.32 -
C. Challenges to Adjudicating Asylum Claims (P9) ANNEX T
of State 634 ~J::~ASED IN FULL] CAMEROON ASYLUM COUNTRY PROFll.,E 2008 TABLE OF CONTENTS r. Introduction (pI) II. Context and Overview A. Overview of Political Structure (p2) B. Governance (p3) C. Human Rights Situation (p4) III. Patterns in Asylum Claims and Relevant Country Conditions (p4) A. Claims Based on Political Opinion (p4) B. Claims Based on Other Political Considerations (p6) C. Challenges to Adjudicating Asylum claims (p9) ANNEX T. Major Political Parties and (pIO) Presidential Candidates ANNEX II. Chronology (pI2) I. INTRODUCTION The Cameroon country profile is produced by the Department of State's Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, Office of Multilateral and Global Affairs for use by the Executive Omce for Immigration Review and the Department of Homeland Security in assessing asylum claims. By regulation the Department nfState may provide asylum officers. and immigration judges information on country conditions that may be pertinent to the adjudication of asylum claims. The purpose of this and other profiles is to provide factual information relating to such conditions. They do not relate to particular asylum claims, but instead provide general country condition information as of the date they are drafted. Profiles are circulated for comment within the State Department, including to overseas missions, and to other agencies if appropriate. Adjudicators may also wish to review the relevant chapters oflhe Department of State's annual Country ReporlS on Human Rights Practices and International Religious Freedom Report. available: on the lnternet at www.statc.gov) and other publicly available materials on conditions in Cameroon. Bureau of Dem~cracy, Hu.'1.ian Rights, t. -
Cameroon Version 4 Clean#2
CAMEROON ASSESSMENT October 2000 Country Information and Policy Unit CONTENTS I SCOPE OF DOCUMENT 1.1 - 1.5 II GEOGRAPHY 2.1 - 2.3 III HISTORY Recent Political History 3.1 - 3.17 The Economy 3.18 - 3.22 IV INSTRUMENTS OF THE STATE The Government 4.1 - 4.11 The Security Forces 4.12 - 4.14 The Judiciary 4.15 - 4.20 V HUMAN RIGHTS: GENERAL SITUATION 5.1 - 5.9 VI HUMAN RIGHTS: SPECIFIC ISSUES AND SPECIFIC GROUPS Freedom of Assembly and Association 6.1 - 6.2 Freedom of Speech and the Media 6.3 - 6.5 Freedom of Religion 6.6 - 6.11 Freedom of Travel 6.12 - 6.14 The Right of Citizens to Change Their Government 6.15 - 6.18 Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Punishment 6.19 Arbitrary Arrest and Detention 6.20 Interference with Privacy 6.21 - 6.23 Minorities and Ethnic Groups 6.24 - 6.31 Trade Unions and Workers Rights 6.32 - 6.34 1 Human Rights Groups 6.35 - 6.36 Women 6.36 - 6.41 Children 6.42 - 6.45 Treatment of Refugees 6.46 - 6.48 ANNEX A: POLITICAL ORGANISATIONS Pages 19 - 22 ANNEX B: PROMINENT PEOPLE Page 23 ANNEX C: CHRONOLOGY Pages 24 - 27 ANNEX D: BIBLIOGRAPHY Pages 28 - 29 I SCOPE OF DOCUMENT 1.1 This assessment has been produced by the Country Information and Policy Unit, Immigration and Nationality Directorate, Home Office, from information obtained from a variety of sources. 1.2 The assessment has been prepared for background purposes for those involved in the asylum determination process. -
CRTV WEB LE MAG No 0022.Pdf
SOMMAIRE SOMMAIRE PRÉSIDENTIELLE 2018 COUVERTURE OPTIMALE SUR LA CRTV Le déploiement du service public de l’audiovisuel pour cette présidentielle 2018, révèle une ambition élevée. 18 NIGERIA’S MUHAMMADU BUHARI SAYS HE WILL SEEK RE-ELECTION Nigeria’s President Muhammadu Buhari announced that he will run for a second term of office. 20 PRESIDENTIELLE 2018 UNE PRÉ-CAMPAGNE TRÈS MÉDIATIQUE Longue interview, débat, face à face, les candidats à la prési- dentielle 2018 avaient l’embarras du choix. Ils ont eu l’occa- sion de présenter leurs programmes et de les confronter à la critique. Malgré quelques basses manoeuvres, l’expérience a été utile. Nous dressons le bilan de ces deux mois de pré cam- pagne dans les équipes des candidats. 05-15 2 CRTV WEB le Mag . No 000022 SOMMAIRE EN ATTENDANT LA CAMPAGNE...............................04 A LA UNE PAUL BIYA: MOBILISATION HEIGHTENS...................06 ADAMOU NDAM NJOYA : LE SILENCE DE L’EXPÉRIENCE..07 FRANKILN NDIFOR AFANWI: THE MAN OF GOD ON A POLITICAL STAGE............................................08 CABRAL LIBII: EN OFFENSIVE SUR TOUS LES FRONTS..09 AKERE MUNA, ENTRE ALLIANCES ET ENGAGEMENTS..10 GARGA HAMAN ADJI: AU DELÀ DU BAD BUZZ..........11 SERGE ESPOIR MATOMBA: DETERMINED TO MAKE A DIFFERENCE................................................12 MAURICE KAMTO: NOW A MEDIA STAR......................13 JOSHUA OSIH: LE SEUL DÉPUTÉ CANDIDAT............14 DANS LES TÉLÉVISIONS, ON DÉBAT........................15 PRÉSIDENTIELLE 2018: MAKÉNÉNÉ ENCORE TIMIDE...16 DÉCOUVERTE: ESCALE A MAKENENE......................17 CHEZ-NOUS PRÉSIDENTIELLE 2018: COUVERTURE OPTIMALE #MONDAYMOTIVATION, SUR LA CRTV..................................................................18 #MOTIVATIONMONDAY ZOOM ON CAMEROON FEELING................................18 Be it MondayMotivation or MotivationMonday, you must have already come across one of these hashtags online. -
Opposition Politics and Electoral Democracy in Cameroon, 1992-2007
Africa Development, Vol. XXXIX, No. 2, 2014, pp. 103 – 116 © Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa, 2014 (ISSN 0850-3907) Opposition Politics and Electoral Democracy in Cameroon, 1992-2007 George Ngwane* Abstract This article seeks to assess the impact of electoral democracy in Cameroon especially in terms of the performance of the Opposition between 1992 and 2007, evaluate the internal shortcomings of opposition parties, and make a projection regarding a vibrant democratic space that will go beyond routine elections to speak to the issues preoccupying the Cameroonian masses. Résumé Cet article vise à évaluer l’impact de la démocratie électorale au Cameroun en particulier en termes de performance de l’opposition entre 1992 et 2007, à évaluer les lacunes internes des partis d’opposition, et à faire une projection concernant un espace démocratique dynamique qui ira au-delà des élections ordinaires pour aborder les questions qui préoccupent les masses camerounaises. Introduction The political history of modern Cameroon can be divided into four periods. The first was the period of total dependence on the colonial power which extended from 1884 to 1945 during which the country did not possess representative institutions. The second period stretched from 1945 to 1960/ 61 during which Cameroonians passed their apprenticeship in democracy. The third started on 1st January 1960, with the proclamation of independence in French Cameroon and the reunification of West and East Cameroons in 1961 in a federal structure, and the fourth saw the light of day on 20 May 1972 when the federal structure was abolished in what the then Head of State, Ahmadou Ahidjo termed the ‘Peaceful Revolution’ (Sobseh Emmanuel 2012:88). -
The World Factbook
The World Factbook Africa :: Cameroon Introduction :: Cameroon Background: French Cameroon became independent in 1960 as the Republic of Cameroon. The following year the southern portion of neighboring British Cameroon voted to merge with the new country to form the Federal Republic of Cameroon. In 1972, a new constitution replaced the federation with a unitary state, the United Republic of Cameroon. The country has generally enjoyed stability, which has permitted the development of agriculture, roads, and railways, as well as a petroleum industry. Despite slow movement toward democratic reform, political power remains firmly in the hands of President Paul BIYA. Geography :: Cameroon Location: Central Africa, bordering the Bight of Biafra, between Equatorial Guinea and Nigeria Geographic coordinates: 6 00 N, 12 00 E Map references: Africa Area: total: 475,440 sq km country comparison to the world: 54 land: 472,710 sq km water: 2,730 sq km Area - comparative: slightly larger than California Land boundaries: total: 4,591 km border countries: Central African Republic 797 km, Chad 1,094 km, Republic of the Congo 523 km, Equatorial Guinea 189 km, Gabon 298 km, Nigeria 1,690 km Coastline: 402 km Maritime claims: territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm Climate: varies with terrain, from tropical along coast to semiarid and hot in north Terrain: diverse, with coastal plain in southwest, dissected plateau in center, mountains in west, plains in north Elevation extremes: lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Fako 4,095 m (on Mt. Cameroon) Natural resources: petroleum, bauxite, iron ore, timber, hydropower Land use: arable land: 13.04% permanent crops: 2.94% other: 84.01% (2011) Irrigated land: 256.5 sq km (2003) Total renewable water resources: 285.5 cu km (2011) Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural): total: 0.97 cu km/yr (23%/10%/68%) per capita: 58.9 cu m/yr (2005) Natural hazards: volcanic activity with periodic releases of poisonous gases from Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun volcanoes volcanism: Mt. -
Conflicting Narratives of Observation Reports on Cameroon's 2004
Journal of public administration and policy research Vol. 1(6) pp. 101-116 October, 2009 Available online http://www.academicjournals.org/jpapr ©2009 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper Conflicting narratives of observation reports on Cameroon’s 2004 presidential election and the problematic role of the state bureaucracy in the electoral process Herman Touo Department of Public Law and Political Science, Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Ngaoundere, P. O. Box 454 Ngaoundere, Cameroon. E-mail: [email protected]. Tel: (237) 77 69 36 74. Accepted 10 September, 2009 This article portrays the legal framework applicable and assesses the impact of the several mentioned irregularities, especially if they were of sufficient magnitude or scope to change the proclaimed winner in the October 11, 2004 presidential election. Controversies and uncertainties over allegations of irregularities reflect the problematic role of the State bureaucracy, serious inadequacy and lack of transparency in the election administration process in Cameroon. Therefore, election, voting and bureaucratic issues examined in this article include- the legal framework applicable; bureaucratic malpractices as restrictive registration of potential voters; the training of citizens on minimum concepts of civic responsibility; voter intimidation and other sources of suppression or distortion of voter will and recommendation on the mechanisms to increase popular participation, transparency, credibility and integrity of the electoral process in Cameroon. It was discovered that the impact of bureaucratic malpractices was difficult to demonstrate with empirical evidence. Our analysis indicates that the incumbent may have benefited marginally from bureaucratic malpractices, but his benefits were nowhere nearly as salient as some observers have perceived. -
The Institutional Origins of Competitiveness and Hegemony in Post-Cold War Africa
PARTY MATTERS: THE INSTITUTIONAL ORIGINS OF COMPETITIVENESS AND HEGEMONY IN POST-COLD WAR AFRICA A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences of Georgetown University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Government By Yonatan L. Morse, M.A. Washington, DC August 23, 2013 Copyright 2013 by Yonatan L. Morse All Rights Reserved ii PARTY MATTERS: THE INSTITUTIONAL ORIGINS OF COMPETITIVENESS AND HEGEMONY IN POST-COLD WAR AFRICA Yonatan L. Morse, M.A. Thesis Advisor: Marc M. Howard, Ph.D. ABSTRACT What explains differences in electoral authoritarian outcomes? Why are some regimes able to utterly dominate elections with comparatively lower levels of fraud and coercion, while in other cases regimes can only muster slim vote margins? What explains differences in the competitiveness and hegemony of electoral authoritarian elections? This dissertation focuses specifically on Africa’s former single-party regimes and argues that differences in party capacity developed under single-party rule is a primary factor differentiating forms of electoral authoritarianism. Through typological theorizing and case-studies of Tanzania, Kenya, and Cameroon this project shows how single-party regimes that elevated the party as an important decision-making institution, made credible investments into party institutionalization, and kept open avenues for elite recruitment were less likely to experience elite defection during multiparty elections. Likewise, single-party regimes that built strong party-affiliated mobilizing structures and engaged in wide practices of social incorporation were able to rely on persistently large electoral support. In the absence of these party capacities regimes were forced to rely more heavily on fraud and a range of contingent factors to survive. -
ADAMOU NDAM NJOYA Caniste Des Avocats
SOMMAIRE SOMMAIRE CRTV NEWS SUR LES BOUQUETS CANAL+ Lancée le 28 janvier 2018, le signal de la chaîne d’informations en continu de la CRTV est disponible sur les bouquets TNT et via le câble. Depuis le 30 juillet, les téléspectateurs dispo- sant du bouquet CANAL+ peuvent regarder CRTV News sur le Canal 394. 06 THE INTERNATIONAL FRIENDSHIP DAY FLOODS TWITTER If there is one hashtag (#) that has been making the rounds on social media especially Twitter and Instagram these past few days, it is that for the International Friendship Day or better still, Friendship Day. 09 ELECTION PRESIDENTIELLE 2018 9 CANDIDATS RETENUS SUR 27 Le Conseil électoral d’Elections Cameroon a publié la liste des candidats dont les dossiers n’ont comporté aucune ir- régularité ni sur les conditionnalités fondamentales, ni sur les conditionnalités accessoires. Votre mag ouvre sa spéciale élection présidentielle 2018 avec leurs bio express. 05-08 2 CRTV WEB le Mag . No 000018 SOMMAIRE LA PRESSION MONTE................................................. 04 A LA UNE ELECTION PRESIDENTIELLE 2018 9 CANDIDATS RETENUS SUR 27...........................05-08 FERDINAND NANA PAYONG DU MARKETING À LA POLITIQUE? ................................09 CHEZ-NOUS CRTV NEWS SUR LES BOUQUETS CANAL+.............11 CRTV TELEVISION PROGRAMS TAKE ELECTION COLOURS...........................12 À LA RADIO PRIORITÉ À L’INFORMATION...................................................13 CRTV WEB POSITIONS AT THE CYBER SPACE IN WAIT FOR PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION...............................14 INTERVIEW -
CAMEROON ASSESSMENT October 2001
CAMEROON ASSESSMENT October 2001 Country Information and Policy Unit CONTENTS I SCOPE OF DOCUMENT 1.1 - 1.5 II GEOGRAPHY 2.1 - 2.3 III HISTORY Recent Political History 3.1 - 3.16 The Economy 3.17 - 3.20 IV INSTRUMENTS OF THE STATE The Political System 4.1 - 4.12 The Security Forces 4.13 The Judiciary 4.14 - 4.18 The Education System 4.19 V HUMAN RIGHTS: GENERAL SITUATION 5.1 - 5.8 VI HUMAN RIGHTS: SPECIFIC ISSUES AND SPECIFIC GROUPS Freedom of Assembly and Political Association 6.1 - 6.3 Freedom of Speech and the Media 6.4 - 6.13 Freedom of Religion 6.14 - 6.19 Freedom of Travel 6.20 - 6.21 The Right of Citizens to Change Their Government 6.22 - 6.25 Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Punishment 6.26 Arbitrary Arrest and Detention 6.27 - 6.31 Prison Conditions 6.32 - 6.34 Ethnicity 6.35 - 6.39 1 The Social Democratic Front Party 6.40 - 6.44 The Southern Cameroons National Council 6.45 Trade Unions and Workers Rights 6.46 - 6.48 Human Rights Groups 6.49 - 6.51 Women 6.52 - 6.56 Children 6.57 - 6.60 Homosexuals 6.61 VII MISCELLANEOUS Cameroonian Nationality 7.1 - 7.6 Military Service 7.7 Medical Care in Cameroon 7.8 - 7.9 Treatment of Refugees 7.10 - 7.11 Cameroonian Official Documents 7.12 - 7.13 ANNEX A: MAIN POLITICAL PARTIES Pages 25 - 27 ANNEX B: PROMINENT PEOPLE Page 28 ANNEX C: CHRONOLOGY Pages 29 - 32 ANNEX D: BIBLIOGRAPHY Pages 33 - 34 I SCOPE OF DOCUMENT 1.1 This assessment has been produced by the Country Information and Policy Unit, Immigration and Nationality Directorate, Home Office, from information obtained from a variety of sources. -
Cameroon a Transition in Crisis
CAMEROON A TRANSITION IN CRISIS © ARTICLE 19 ISBN 1 870798 19 8 October 1997 CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 2 BACKGROUND 2.1 The Path to Multi-party Politics 2.2 Elections 2.3 Second Multi-party elections — the 1997 legislative election 2.4 Freedom of Expression and the Democratic Process 2.5 Ensuring Free and Fair Elections 3 CENSORSHIP — THE MEDIA AND ELECTIONS 3.1 Broadcasting — Opening Up the Airwaves? 3.1.1 CRTV and the elections 3.1.2 Censorship 3.1.3 "Radios Rurales" — breaking the monopoly 3.2 Attacks Against the Press 3.2.1 Seizure of newspapers 3.2.2 Arrests of journalists 3.2.3 Physical violence 3.3 Steps to Broadcasting Reform 3.4 Steps to Press Freedom 4 ASSEMBLY AND OPPOSITION DENIED 4.1 The Right to Freedom of Assembly 4.1.1 Notice — meeting cancelled 4.2 Detention of Opposition Representatives 4.3 "Destabilization" in the North West Province 4.3.1 Detention deaths 4.4 Violence and the National Assembly Elections 5 TRADITIONAL LEADERS SUPPRESS EXPRESSION 5.1 The Department of the Mayo-Rey 5.1.1 Election campaigns — beatings and political killings 5.1.2 Harassment of UNDP Members of the National Assembly and party candidates 5.1.3 Illegal detention of opposition activists in private prisons 5.2 Putting an End to State-sponsored Repression 6 SILENCING THE OBSERVERS 6.1 The Case of Conscience Africaine 6.2 Other Groups 6.3 Mistreatment of Election Observers 6.4 Arrest and Physical Abuse of Human Rights Activists 6.5 Links to the Media Cut 6.6 Steps to Protect Human Rights Monitors RECOMMENDATIONS 1 INTRODUCTION Return to contents The second multi-party elections represent a crucial stage for countries in the process of democratic transition. -
Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Cameroon (African Historical
HISTORICAL DICTIONARIES OF AFRICA Edited by Jon Woronoff 1. Cameroon, by Victor T. Le Vine and Roger P. Nye. 1974. Out of print. See No. 48. 2. The Congo, 2nd ed., by Virginia Thompson and Richard Adloff. 1984. Out of print. See No. 69. 3. Swaziland, by John J. Grotpeter. 1975. 4. The Gambia, 2nd ed., by Harry A. Gailey. 1987. Out of print. See No. 79. 5. Botswana, by Richard P. Stevens. 1975. Out of print. See No. 70. 6. Somalia, by Margaret F. Castagno. 1975. Out of print. See No. 87. 7. Benin (Dahomey), 2nd ed., by Samuel Decalo. 1987. Out of print. See No. 61. 8. Burundi, by Warren Weinstein. 1976. Out of print. See No. 73. 9. Togo, 3rd ed., by Samuel Decalo. 1996. 10. Lesotho, by Gordon Haliburton. 1977. Out of print. See No. 90. 11. Mali, 3rd ed., by Pascal James Imperato. 1996. Out of print. See No. 107. 12. Sierra Leone, by Cyril Patrick Foray. 1977. 13. Chad, 3rd ed., by Samuel Decalo. 1997. 14. Upper Volta, by Daniel Miles McFarland. 1978. 15. Tanzania, by Laura S. Kurtz. 1978. 16. Guinea, 3rd ed., by Thomas O’Toole with Ibrahima Bah-Lalya. 1995. Out of print. See No. 94. 17. Sudan, by John Voll. 1978. Out of print. See No. 53. 18. Rhodesia/Zimbabwe, by R. Kent Rasmussen. 1979. Out of print. See No. 46. 19. Zambia, 2nd ed., by John J. Grotpeter, Brian V. Siegel, and James R. Pletcher. 1998. Out of print. See No. 106. 20. Niger, 3rd ed., by Samuel Decalo.