ENVIRONMENT in the City of BELGRADE 2010

ISSN 1820-8320

CITY ASSEMBLY OF BELGRADE SECRETARIAT FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

INSTITUT OF PUBLIC HEALTH of BELGRADE

REGIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL CENTER ENVIRONMENT IN THE CITY OF BELGRADE

Authors: 1. Prim. Dr (Mrs) Snežana Matić-Besarabić, MD (IPH) 2. Mrs Milica Gojković, B.Sc. (Eng) 3. Mrs Vojislava Dudić, B.Sc. (Eng) (Institute of Public Health Republic of Serbia „Dr Milan Jovanović Batut“) 4. Mr (Mrs) Gordana Pantelić, M. Sc Physics (Institute for Occupational medicine and radiological protection „Dr Dragomir Karajović“) 5. Prim. Dr Miroslav Tanasković MD (IPH) 6. Dr Marina Mandić-Miladinović (IPH) 7. Aljoša Tanasković B. Sc (Biology) IPH 8. Dr Slaviša Mladenović MD (IPH) 9. Dr Dragan Pajić MD (IPH) 9. Boško Majstorović, B.Sc. (Eng) IPH 10. Boško Majstorović, B.Sc. (Eng) IPH 11. Dr Milan Milutinović MD (IPH)

Editorial board Mrs Marija Grubačević, B.Sc. (Eng), Secretariat for Environmental Protection Dr (Mrs) Snežana Matić- Besarabić, MD, Institute of Public Health Mr Radomir Mijić, M. Sc. B. Sc. (Eng) Secretariat for Environmental Protection

Publishers Secretariat for Environmental Protection, Belgrade Institute of Public Health of Belgrade The Regional Environmental Center, CO Serbia

For publishers Mr Goran Trivan B.Sc (Eng) , Secretariat for Environmental Protection Mr Slobodan Tošović, M.Sc. MD, Institute of Public Health of Belgrade Mr Jovan Pavlović, M.Sc. (Met), The Regional Environmental Center, CO Serbia

Translation Mrs Vesna Dražilović-Dadić, B.A. (ling)

Design and prepress Studio Čavka (Nebojša Čović)

Cover Page Design Dragan Djordjević and Tijana Knežević

Printed by Standard 2, Belgrade

ISBN 978-86-7550-068-1 (REC) C O N T E N T S

Our Heritage: On The Path Of Natural Biodiversity ...... 4 CITY of Belgrade ...... 7 Important DATES ...... 7 Facts about BELGRADE ...... 8 Climate ...... 9 History ...... 9 Forests and Parks ...... 10 City Administration ...... 10 City Public Companies and Institutions ...... 11 Addresses & IMPRINT ...... 11 Activities of the Secretariat for the Environment in the period January - December 2010...... 13 Employees of the Secretariat for the Environment ...... 15 Organizational Chart – Secretariat for Environmental Protection ...... 16 Monitoring Programs ...... 17 Air quality Control – Objectives ...... 17 Criteria For The Selection Of Air Pollutants To Be Monitored ...... 19 Ambient Air Quality 2006-2010 ...... 19 Air Pollution Produced By The Substances Originating From Mobile Sources ...... 22 Radioactivity In The Air ...... 22 3 Quality Of Surface Waters In Belgrade ...... 23 Quality Of The Water In Ada Ciganlija Lake, “Lido” Swimming Area And The Reservoirs At The Foot Of Mt. Avala: “Pariguz”, “Bela Reka” And “Duboki Potok” In 2010 ...... 26 Quality Of Drinking Water From The Belgrade Waterworks ...... 29 Quality Of Drinking Water From Public Fountains ...... 33 Pollution Of The Soil In Belgrade In 2010 ...... 36 Communal Noise In Belgrade ...... 38 Engagement of Mobile Ecotoxicological Unit in 2010 in Chemical Accidents in Belgrade ...... 40 Monitoring And Environmental Indicators In Prevention And Health Risk Assessment ...... 43 Public Utilities Of Belgrade In The Protection Of The Environment ...... 44 The Regional Environmental Center for Central and Eastern Europe ...... 49 Institut Of Public Health Of Belgrade ...... 50 Clinical Center of Serbia Institute of Occupational and Radiological Health “Dr. Dragomir Karajović” . . . 51 Institute Of Public Health Of Serbia “Dr Milan Jovanović Batut“ ...... 52 OUR HERITAGE: ON THE PATH OF NATURAL BIODIVERSITY

Belgrade, our city, has a long and SEARCHING FOR GEODIVERSITY OF diverse composition, we may claim diversified history and a very rich BELGRADE that geological history of Belgrade natural heritage. It was founded on There is an inseparable connection has covered the period of ap- the confluence of the Danube and between biological and geological proximately 200 million years ago. Sava, persisting throughout history diversity; our planet is a unity of the The above samples may be found and changing its inhabitants, look living and inanimate environments. in deep gorges, on the shores of and magnitude ever since historians It ahs been functioning in harmony our rivers and along the roads. In have marked its name as „Sing- with the laws of nature. Mesozoic (251 to 65 million years idunum“. It was approximately 300 Geological diversity is a reflection of ago), neogenic and post- neogenic years B.C. The city has been expand- the former biodiversity and its foun- (23 million years ago until today), this ing on the account of its green areas, dation today. It represents a diversity area had witnessed very complex using lavishly natural resources of of geological and geo-morpholog- tectonic processes. Oldest rocks the so- called „Beam of Sumadija“. ical phenomena that had occurred in Belgrade and its surrounding are Belgrade has overtaken its hills, val- through actions of inner and outer from Mesozoic (Jurassic- 206 to 144 leys, and parts of the Pannonia plain. forces of the planet itself. It encom- million years ago and Cretaceous- It ahs become a major international passes fossil remnants of flora and 146 to 65 million years ago). crossroad point, one among the fauna, rocks and minerals of all kinds Most famous geological heritage most appealing urban environments and all processes and phenomena from this period is the Tesic Mine (in of the European continent. that document major phases in the settlement of Ripanj, character- Belgrade is an area of high biodiver- the evolution of live and inanimate ized by magma and sediment rocks sity and rich geological heritage that worlds. It also encompasses different originating from Cretaceous). An- have been jeopardized by numerous periods of geologic history of our other site is the Masin Mine, located anthropologic factors. Tthe care planet. in the summer stage in Topcider. It 4 for them and maintenance are an The wealth of geodiversity depends was built from oceanic sandbank imperative of our civilian awareness on the types of geologic processes material of the Lower Cretaceous and mutual responsibility we have that have occurred in certain mo- period. for the generations to come. ment on a certain soil. Magma rocks and serpentine We do not have sufficient informa- Geological history has given peridotites have used tectonic tion concerning the city’s natural Belgrade rich heritage: in the form movements in order to surface over heritage, the one important for of „inscriptions “in the rocks, from 100 kilometers. At the time of their living and surviving of humankind. which we may find out what the creation, this environment had been Not even biological and geological space we have been living today had witnessing the formation of rocks. diversity has been well known. Many looked like several hundred million Cretaceous rocks, most prominent a citizen has not had the opportu- years ago. Geological heritage of our among them, have been capturing nity to see them, get to know better capital is present in the form of col- fossils ever since. Such rocks are the the habitats within the city with lections of minerals, rocks and fossils foundation of Belgrade, with „young- rare species, or sites with important that are carefully stored and kept er “ones having been sedimented „minutes“ of the Planet’s evolution- in the Museum of Natural History, upon them afterwards. rocks and minerals of our environ- School of Mining and Geology and Most important geoheritage objects ment. other relevant facilities. An impor- are serpentinites and peridotites, Getting to know natural diversity of tant part of the city’s geoheritage is found in Bubanj Potok (the settle- Belgrade is just a first step toward also seen as buildings. Made from ment of Beli Potok). The rocks with validation of the natural basis of rock that had come from all over above minerals and stones are oldest sustainable development and lasting Serbia, these edifices represent a rec- in the city and are visible on the of the city’s ecosystem, central axis of ognizable seal in urban architecture. surface. biodiversity and geodiversity. Based on the fossils excavated from In paleogenic time (65 to 23 million the rocks and on the very rocks of years ago), this area was dry again. Therefore, we have no sea fos- rivers Sava and Danube and their  the building of Main Post office sils originating from that time. In aluvial layers, on which our city lies, was made from granodiorite neogenic (23 million years ago), the we have the Belgrade Podunavlje, originating from Boranja; entire area had been covered by and Zemun Posavina. In the hilly Bel-  St Mark Church, the Hall of Syn- Pannonia Sea. When the sea had grade Posavina, most interesting part dicate and decorative staircase of retreated, huge sediment findings is the confluence of Topciderska the Bridge of Branko were made remained in the entire area covered Reka: it has been cut into the „Beam from gray sandstone originating by what we today call „Belgrade“. of Sumadija“, the geological founda- from Bele vode (near Krusevac); These are clay of many sorts, sand, tion of Belgrade. We may distinguish  The street of Knez Mihailo was and conglomerate, cretaceous soil formations created by the Pannonia paved by the stone called „Jab- - all rich in fossils, shellfish, snails, Sea wave activities and by the river lanicka gabra“. The same stone algae - witnesses of the long and rich erosion. Fossil meanders (still waters) was used to erect the „Monu- history of our city. are especially interesting - they have ment to the Unknown Hero” in been transformed to arable land. Most prominent geoheritage sites the Mount of Avala. of the period are: geological profile The relief of Zemunska Posavina is in Veliko selo (older Miocene), the rather simple: in its thick marl layers, Kalemegdan Miocene sandbank, we may see the relief created by river BIODIVERSITY IN BELGRADE created from the material originat- activity. Belgrade ranges among the areas of ing from the former Pannonia Sea; a There are karst reliefs in Belgrade- high biodiversity. It has remnants of unique remnant of the oldest stage they spread from Kosutnjak and natural habitats ( big and small rivers of this sea - the Mediterranean stage; Zarkovo (in the north) to Lisovic and forests) and of semi- natural the Tasmajdan Miocene sandbank and Manic (in the south). We may ones ( meadows, fields). Moreover, it (also origination from the Pannonia see sinkholes, karst fens, salines and has great diversity of urban biotopes Sea, with the status of protected rare underground karst forms (caves (housing zones, gardens, parks, in- natural heritage). The entire Kar- and pits). The karst of Belgrade has dustrial zones, traffic arteries, barren adjordjeva Street, leading to Zeleni developed in thin karst formations areas). At the same time, Belgrade is venac has been built from littoral and that is the reason it ahs been the center of immigration, import, layers originating from the lake stage threatened today. naturalization and widening of ex- otic, sometimes, invasive, species. 5 of the Pannonia Sea. Most prominent and famous types The quartar sediments (pleistocene - of karst relief in Belgrade is repre- Diversity and colorfulness are not 2.5 million to 12 thousand years ago) sented by a sinkhole. It is known evenly distributed in the tissue of also belong to the city geodiversity. under the name of „Rakina bara“ or the city. They are not visible or pres- River and lake marl, eolic sands „The Lake of Srem“, located in the ent throughout the year. There are and diluvial formations belong to settlement of Sremcica. plants that seem to vanish during winter; birds do migrate and numer- Holocene period (starting from 12 The Rivulet of Topcider (Topcider- ous other animals find shelter to thousand years ago and still lasting). ska reka) is the best representative hibernate. The winters of Belgrade Most representative remnants of rare and interesting sample of our are rather cold. Other birds, like of this geological period are the geoheritage. Its valley of karst com- these who live in the North, come Zemun marl profiles (originating position hides numerous fossils. The to our city in fall, leaving us again from Pleistocene), the marl profile Stream of Rakovica has source sur- in spring. The origin of plants and of Kapela and an accumulative rounded by bank rocks originating animals living in Belgrade is diverse. formation - the Veliko ratno ostrvo from the Pannonia Sea. Numerous Some species have been here for- (which has been changing its shape mineral and thermal waters can be ever. Dug in securely, they remain in even today- due to the slowing spot found near Belgrade, in the settle- the last oases of the former natural on the confluence of the Sava to ments of Ovcandka banja, Visnjicka areas and are persistently fighting Danube)... banja, the Miljakovac spring, etc... for their place under the Belgrade Various types of relief also make the Our geoheritage can be best seen in sun. They have been resisting the geoheritage of Belgrade. In the relief construction assignments and art. It incessant ecological transforma- of average height above the sea level is important to know that: tions of our city. Contrary to these, of 132 meters, we can distinctively  the building of National Assem- some species brought from afar and see the hilly region of Sumadija and bly has been built from kersantine transplanted to the soil of Belgrade. wide Pannonia plain. Due to the (originating from Ripanj); Many of plants and animal species have found new home under park, Banjicka suma, “Jevremovac” The changes are essential, deep and the Belgrade sun, being unexpect- Botanical gardens, Zemun city have been of permanent character. edly well “adopted” by the novel park, Stepin lug, Miljakovacka for- When the city was founded, it oc- environment. In the paved streets of est, The Friendship and Peace Park, cupied a small area in the strategic the city, ornamented with concrete Pioneers’ Park, Veliko ratno ostrvo, position of a rocky elevation, in the buildings, numerous cave and Manjez Park, Tasmajdan, etc. confluence of the rivers Sava and

canyon inhabitants have found n Rare and interesting samples of Danube. Walls and granges en- new homes. The largest number of trees predominantly having the circled it. Green, natural and woody the species is pioneers, opportune status of protected natural goods areas were all around the city. settlers and intruders to this ground, are found in public and private Today, the old fortress, a spot profiting from the way we clumsily gardens, promenades and parks. where the first settlement known handle our natural heritage. That is There are 48 protected trees in the as “Belgrade“ lay, has been turned how biodiversities of different cities area of Belgrade, Their representa- to a park with forest trees. Around become more and more alike. tive looks and characteristics made the fortress, as far as the eye can see, The Belgrade biodiversity map con- the trees identified as “significant we have residential and industrial tains the following: natural good”. zones…

n parks, forest parks in the proper n Animal species which hide, move, This text is an excerpt from the or greater area. Some of them are travel by air and water: birds, fish, “Guide to Bio Geo Diversity of protected because of their biodi- mammals, reptiles and amphibian Belgrade. It was created by an NGO versity, or cradle valuable samples. animals and insects. “School for Survival”. Most important are: Avala, Diversity of the city has been largely Akademski park, Kalemegdanski changed Goran Trivan B.Sc (Eng)

6 photo: nebojša čović CITY of Belgrade

Belgrade is one of the oldest cities In the sixth century, Slavs made ever ing: Alba Graeca, Alba Bulgarica, in Europe and is the largest urban more frequent crossings of the Dan- Bello grado, Nandor Alba, Grie- centre in the Balkans after Athens. ube in order to settle permanently chisch Weissenburg and Castelbi- The oldest archeological finds in the in the area. And so they built their anco, all of which are translations of area date from the fifth millennium first settlement, known as Beli Grad the Slavic word Beograd. B.C. The historic site ofVinca , with (White City), on a rocky outcrop Belgrade has huge significance as a its cultural artificats dating from overlooking the confluence of the road and rail junction at the cross- prehistoric man (Neolithic plastic two rivers. The name of Belgrade roads of eastern and western Europe, arts) is located on the banks of the is mentioned for the first time in as well as being an international river Danube. The city of Singidunum was 878, and during its long and stormy port, airport and telecommunica- established by Celtic tribesmen in history the city was occupied by 40 tions centre. It comprises 3.6% of the the third century B.C. at the conflu- different armies and rebuilt from its territory of Serbia, is home to 15.8% ence of the Save and Danube, and ashes 38 times. From the 16th to the of the population of the country the city is also mentioned by ancient 19th century the city had numerous and 31.2% of the employed popula- sources. names in various languages, includ- tion of the republic work there.

Important DATES

7 7000 BC – the first Neolithic settlement c. 630 – the Slavs capture Singidunum 878 – the first written mention of the Slavic name of Beograd in a letter from the Roman Catholic pope John VIII 1284 – the Serbian king Dragutin is given Belgrade by the Hungarian crown and the city comes under Serbian rule for the first time 1403 – during the reign of Despot Stefan Lazarevic, Belgrade becomes the capital city of mediaeval Serbia 1521 – the Turks capture Belgrade 1806 – Karadjordje liberates the town of Belgrade and it again becomes the capital of Serbia 1808 – the Great School is opened 1841 – Belgrade becomes the capital of the Princedom of Serbia during the first reign of Mihailo Obrenovic 1867 – the Turkish commander Ali Reza Pasha hands the keys of Belgrade town over to prince Mihailo in the Kalemegdan fortress and the Turks finally leave Belgrade 1882 – Serbia becomes a Kingdom, with Belgrade as its capital city 1918 – Belgrade becomes the capital of the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes 1945 – a constitutional assembly proclaims the foundation of the Federal National Republic of Yugoslavia 1999 – for three months NATO bombs Yugoslavia, including targets in the centre of Belgrade 2006 – Belgrade is once again the capital of an independent Serbia Facts about BELGRADE

Status: Capital of the Republic of Serbia, having city status as a separate teritor- rial unit, and with its own local government bodies Administrative divisions: 17 city municipalities, each having their own local government Geographic position:

n Southern Europe, on the Balkan peninsula, West Balkan

n At the confluence of the rivers Sava and Danube, between the Panonian Plain to the north and the mountainous central region of Serbia known as Sumadija to the south; also the location of Mt. Avala (511 m) and Mt. Kosmaj (628 m) Map coordinates:

n Latitude north: 44⁰49’14’’

n Longitude east: 20 27’44’’ Average height above sea level: 116.75 m Area: 3,222.68 sq. km Climate:

n mean annual air temperature: 11.7 ⁰C

n moderate continental

n mean annual rainfall: 669.5 litres/m2 8 n mean atmospheric pressure: 1,001 millibars

n mean relative humidity: 69.5% Population: 1,732,400 (2005 figure) Religion: Orthodox Christian 90.68%, Islam 1.29%, Catholic 1.03%, Protestant 0.24%, Jewish 0.03%, atheist 3%, unknown 2.02% (2002 census) The City of Belgrade: www.beograd.rs

photo: nebojša čović photo: nebojša čović CLIMATE

The 2007 Data were 103 summer days, 16 days with Greatest humidity was recorded Belgrade and its surroundings have frost and 14 days with ice. in December- 83%. Average value moderate continental climate, with The average annual precipitation of air pressure was 1001.1 mbar. In average annual temperature of 140C. was 839.0 mm. Greatest quantity of December, it was 1008.6 mbar. Dur- December is coldest month, with rainfall was recorded in November - ing the year, there were 80 clear days -5.10C (average minimum tempera- 131.5 mm and June - 107.6 mm. There (greatest number being recorded in ture being 9.70C). July is warmest, were 136 rainy days; 15 days with April - 18 and July - 18). There were with 25.80C. Maximum temperature snow and sleet. Maximum height 91 murky days (14 in October and 21 recorded in July 2007 was 43.60C. of snow was 16 cm. Average annual in December). Mean velocity of the There were 44 days with tropical relative humidity was 64%. April wind during the year was 2.3 m/sec. temperature during 2007. There has the smallest humidity (aver- In March, it was 3.3 m/sec. age relative humidity being 45%).

HISTORY

Singidunum, Singedon, Nandor Geppids, Sarmatians, Eastern Goths, existed in Early Neolithic times, five fehervar, Nandor Alba, Alba Graeca, Slavic tribes, Avars, Franks, Bulgar- thousand years B.C., near Belgrade, Grieschisch Weisenburg, Misir of ians, Hungarians… It was so until The widest disseminated culture of Rumelia, Dar ul Jihad, Fichirbair, the the 13. Century A.D., when Belgrade Europe was dubbed after Vinca, the Hill of Battle and Glory, the House became a part of the Serbian state. archeological locality. Today, Bel- of Freedom, The Gate of East, the During the reign of Despot Stefan grade ranks second (to Athens) ur- 9 Gate of West…these are but a few Lazarevic, in 1403, it become the ban agglomeration in the Balkans. It names denominating Belgrade, capital and witnessed material and is the capital of Serbia, of its culture, pointing to its fervent past, starting cultural peak. The Turks invaded it education and science. Numerous from the third century B.C. It was in 1521, remaining in it until April 19, institutions of national significance then founded by the Scordisc tribes, 1867, with several short breaks. The have been situated in Belgrade: Ser- on the confluence of the Danube keys to the Belgrade Fortress were bian Academy of Arts and Sciences, and Sava. Belgrade ranges among then given to the Serbian Prince founded in 1886 (as the Serbian oldest cities in Europe; its history has Mihailo Obrenovic. During the First Royal Academy); National Library been lasting for over 7, 000 years. Its World War, since the autumn of of Serbia (founded in 1832), the archeological findings have dated 1915, it has been under occupation national Museum (founded in 1844) from 5. millennium B.C. Members of of the Austrian- Hungarian army. In and the National Theater (founded the Celtic tribe founded Singidunum the Second World War, from April in 1868). The city is also a residence in the third century B.C. The city was 12, 1941 to October 20, 1944, the city of Belgrade University (founded in first mentioned in 878 A.D. was under occupation of the Nazi 1808 as High School), and of the During its long and turbulent his- Germany. Special encyclopedia of University of Arts. tory, Belgrade was target of many the cities, issued in Great Britain, Most important architectural heri- conquerors. Thirty-eight times claims that Belgrade is the city with tage is in Belgrade, Kalemegdan with it rose from the ashes. Romans greatest number of battles in its the Fortress, numerous monuments conquered it in the beginning of history. On the walls of the fortress, of culture and other types of cultural the new era and have remained in it the city was witness to 114 major goods, archeological localities with for the next four centuries. Numer- disputes and the loss of more than material remnants, witnessing of a ous tribes have fought to conquer six million people. Archeological supreme civilization and culture on it- the city at the crossroads of sites witness that the settlements in the grounds of the city, from prehis- worlds- Byzantine warriors, Huns, the area of the today’s Belgrade have toric times to the present day. FORESTS AND PARKS

In the territory of the city, forests of Zvezdara, Kosutnjak and Banjicka park, Topciderski park, Tasmajdanski occupy 13, 513 hectares. Forest Hold- Forest are most famous. park and the Park of Friendship are ing “Beograd” within Public Utility First Public Park was built in 1860, on most famous. Public Utility for the “Srbijasume” has been entrusted to the corner of two streets (Kneza Mi- maintenance of green areas “Zelenilo care for them; Most prominent sorts losa and Nemanjina). It was dubbed Beograd” has been taking care of of trees are ash, oak, beech, maple “The Park of Finances”. Regulation the parks-forests and of additional and black locust. In the proper area of green areas There are 64 public 2, 236.42 hectares of public green of the city, there are 19 parks- forests, parks in the city, covering the area areas, 67,063 trees in rows and 2, 474 covering 732.50 hectares. The Forest of 358.51 hectares. Kalemegdanski jardiniere pots with seasonal flowers.

City ADMINISTRATION

The City Administration performs an administrative role within the framework of the powers and responsibilities delegated to the City, as well as certain professional functions required by the City Assembly, the Mayor and the City Council.

Departments: Professional services: n Finance Department n Assembly Business and Regulations Service 10 n Town Planning and Building Projects Department n Information Service n Public Works and Housing Department n General Affairs Service n Property Rights and Building Inspection Department n Service for Communications and Citizen Relations n Traffic Department n Public Procurement Service n Environmental Protection Department n City Assembly Chairman’s Office n Commerce Department n Mayor’s Office n Culture Department n Education Department Special Organizations: n Sport and Youth Department n Institute for IT and Statistics n Health Department n Belgrade City Commercial Premises Agency n Social and Children’s Welfare Department n Budget Audit Office n Inspections Department n Agency for Cooperation with Non-governmental n Administration Department Organizations and European Harmonization City public COMPANIES AND INSTITUTIONS

The City of Belgrade has founded the following: 10 public service companies, seven public companies, one organization, 34 cultural institutions (theatres, cultural centres, museums, libraries and other organizations), 27 health institutions (local health centres, pharmacies, institutes and medical centres), 17 child welfare institutions (pre-school centres), three social welfare institutions and three physical culture institutions (sports centres).

Public service companies: Companies and organizations: n Belgrade City Transport Company n Belgrade City Construction Land and Building Direc- (www.gsp.co.rs) torate (www.beoland.com) n Belgrade Roads public service company n Belgrade Town Planning Office (www.beogradput.org.rs) (www.urbel.com) n Belgrade Waterworks and Sewage public service n City Housing (www.stambeno.com) company (www.bvk.co.rs) n Sava Centre (www.savacentar.com) n Belgrade Power Stations public service company n Ada Ciganlija (www.adaciganlija.co.rs) (www.beoelektrane.co.rs) n Belgrade Fortress n City Markets public service company (www.beogradskatvrdjava.co.rs) (www.bgpijace.co.rs) n Studio B Public Radio Broadcasting Company n City Hygiene public service company (www.studio-b.co.rs) n Infostan public service company n Belgrade Tourist Organization (www.infostan.co.rs) (www.tob.co.rs) n Belgrade Parks public service company (www.zelenilo.co.rs) 11 n Parking Service public service company (www.parking-servis.co.rs) n Funeral Services public service company (www.beogradskagroblja.co.rs) Addresses & IMPRINT BELGRADE CITY ASSEMBLY Dragoslava Jovanovica 2, tel. ++381 (0)11 3244-415, 3229-975 MAYOR Dragoslava Jovanovica 2, tel. ++381 (0)11 3246-764, 3229-787 CITY ADMINISTRATION Trg Nikole Pasica 6, switchboard 3229-678 27. marta 43-45, switchboard 3227-241 Kraljice Marije 1 Tirsova 1, switchboard 2688-655 Golsvordijeva 35, switchboard 3083-800 Masarikova 5, switchboard 3614-500 Makenzijeva 31, switchboard 2453-142 photo: nebojša čović Activities of the Secretariat for the Environment in the period January - December 2010.

INTRODUCTION of interest for the protection of During 2010, regular control of the Secretariat for the Environment environment. quality of environment was per- performs assignments related to the Inside this Sector have been formed by examining and monitor- protection and promotion of the formed two departments: De- ing the following: environment as defined by relevant partment fro planning of projects The quality of ambient air originating legislation:Decision related to the in environmental protection and from stationary sources (industrial City Administration („Official Gazette Department for planning and or- facilities, heating stations, small trade of City of Belgrade No 51/08, 61/09, ganization of waste management. facilities), at 27 measuring spots and 6/10, 23/10 i 32/10) and other Serbian originating from motor vehicles documents as primary work assigned 2. Sector for management of Protec- exhaust gasses in 16 most frequently to the City by Republic of Serbia. tion of Environment: works on used traffic arteries in Belgrade; Activities and work of the Secre- regulatory issues, administrative n The quality of river waters of the tariat for the Environment has been and legal documents, standrds and Sava, Danube, Kolubara, Ga- organized within four sectors as it contorl of operational programs, for lovica Canal and of 20 minor water followos: the protection of environmet. streams; quality of other canals, Sector for monitoring of the quality Inside this Sector have been retentions and of the Sava Lake, of the Environment: the quality of formed 4 departments: Depart- Lido bathing area and locations environment is and was preformed ment for Law and Economics, under the Mt.Avala (Pariguz, Bela by examining and monitoring the Department for the protection of Reka and Duboki Potok). media of the environment, analytical the nature and risk assessment of n The qualityof springs, from 26 and other profesional jobs, annual Plans and Projects, Department public fountains (in the city and in programs for monitoring of Air for environmental impact assess- the outskirts of Belgrade) ment of plans and projects, and 12 pollution, public fountains/water n The quality ofdrinking water, springs, quality of river waters, bath- Department for issuing permits. produced in central and local ing areas Lake Savsko jezero, Lido, 3. Sector for environmental protec- waterworks soil, measurement of communal tion works on surveillance of n The level ofcommunal noise, noise, level of radioactivity and UV enforcment of legal obligatory during the day and night, at 30 index. Inside this Sector have been issues and other aspects of imple- measuring spots formed Department for monitoring, menting and respecting regula- n The degree of pollution of agricul- protection and from accidents and tions in the field of environmental tural (arable) land in the zones of preventive protection. protection. sources of drinking water and along 1. Sector for planning and manage- the traffic arteries, at 30 spots ment of projects: this sector is responsible for for jobs such as SECTOR FOR MONITORING OF n The level ofradioactivity in the Strartegic plans, Progrmas and THE QUALITY OF THE ENVI- environment (air, water, rainfall, Projects in the area of susteinable RONMENT river water, drinking water, soil, development and protection of 1. Control of the quality of environment foods, animal feed). the environment. Rational use in Belgrade Individual annual programs en- of natural resources, alterantive The assignment has been realized compass control of the quality of and renewable energy resources, through annual programs, with the environmental media. They also de- remediation plans. Giving informa- exception of Ambient Air Quality fine the scope and type of examination and data about the state of Program, which is adopted for bi- tions and grading of environmental the environment, information to annual period. The latter is adopted indicators. and approved by the Belgrade City the public, and also delaing with Regular control of the quality of Assembly. In 2010. and 2011, the Am- projects on international level. environment is performed by autho- bient Air Quality (“Official Gazette Management of waste, organiza- rized, accredited facilities: Institute tion of the jobs on local level of the City of Belgrade”, no 40/ 07). of Public Health of Belgrade, Serbian n Tick control was realized through to renew devasted areas this Institute of Public Health “Dr. Milan control and follow-up of the oc- program is dealing with bringing Jovanovic- Batut” and Clinical center currence and activities of the tick green belts, grass and other green of Serbia- Institute for Occupational populations in green areas of the surfaces. Radiological Health “Dr. Dragomir city. This has been done through 4. Project of „Inventory of green Karajovic”. campaigns performed between Areas in Belgrade” The results of all examinations have June and July and September- Oc- In 2010 we continued the Project, been published monthly in “Ecologi- tober. in order to create a comprehensive system for gregistration of cal Bulletin”. Once a year, on June 5, n Rodent control encompassed the existing green areas and put the World Environment Day, the systematic placing of rodenticides them into function in compact Secretariat issues a publication on in housing and dwelling areas with territory. environment quality. poor hygiene, in partially regulated 5. Preservation of Natural Forest or completely unregulated free Indicative and targeted measure- Ecosystems. Their Restora- and littoral areas, in Ada Ciganlija ments in the environment have tion in the Littoral Area of the and Ada Huja. Rodenticides were started in 2010. as the part of Rivers Sava and Danube in greater efficency of the Sector for used in two campaigns, in spring the Belgrade Area. Validation environmental Inspection. Indica- and autumn. of their Ambient and Recre- tive and targeted measurements of 3. Local register of pollution emissin ational Value” communal noise were performed sources to the Environment on the The Project is running and its aim at 107 locations, while indicative territory of Belgrade I PHASE is to analyze the existing environ- measurements of air pollution were 4. Pilot project of noise protection from mental situation. To collect differ- river raft night life performed at 7 sites. ent types of the data (aerial shots, In 2010. there were done some Indicative and targeted measure- maps of the forest bases, field examinations in order to reduce the reports). And also to list and regis- ments of radon in preschool objects noise coming from river rafts during ter the existing ecosystems, defined and in schools were performed as night hours.. environmental conditions, climate, a prevenitve action in protection of periodic flooding of the foreland, the health of the youngest and vul- 5. Project of deteremning acustic zones in Belgrade physical-chemical characteristics nerabile population. Measurements and vegetation. 13 were from August to November Project started in 2010. godine and is still going on. The Study has been planned to 2010. in 75 object each 35. last two years. Monitoring of UV index at the loca- 6. Project „Monitoring of tion of recreational area Ada Ciganlija SECTOR FOR PLANNING AND MANA- microbiological activity of was set up in 2010. as the result of GEMENT OF PROJECTS forest soil“ in order to examine need to inform the population about Sector for Planning and Mangement presence of soil microorganizams the preventive measures to protect of projects has been performing as indicators of quality of the envi- their health from UV radiation which management of projects within the ronment. The examonation has is proved to have negative effects to legal frame and its responsibilities. been done in Belgrade forests. skin causing skin cancer. 1. Program on Environmental pro- 7. Examination of pollutants in 2. Eradication and control of pest tection on the territory of Bel- forest ecosystems of protected population grade is at ithe beginning and will natural good mountain Avala Project is going on focused on In 2010, the program dealt with be the Document whcih will give heavy metals in plants. eradication and control of mosqui- historical qualitative and quantitative data on the state of environment. iIt toes, ticks and rodents in the terri- 8. Project of remediation of area will also give recomendations and tory of 17 municipalities of the city. of endangered environment directions for the future activities in of river Bolecica into the river n Mosquito Control was realized this field. Project is running. Danube) – According to the by control of the larvae, adult and 2. Program of removal of Radio- Study prfomed on the parameters domestic forms of these popula- active Lightning Rods has been giving information on the state tions, in the campaigns that have running for the last 10 years and of the area Secretariat started the been continuously organized from has come to its completition. Project of remediation and sanita- March to November. 3. Pprograms and projects of tion of this river and environment. greening of Belgrade in order 9. Project “Toxic Elements and be done through intersectoral solar collectors it was ap- Pesticides in Agricultural Land cooperation. plied in one preschool object and Plants Produced in Bel- 16. Projekat „Waste Oils Mange- kindergarden„Sveta Petka“; grade Area” Project was com- ment in the territory of 23. „Inventory and its inovation pleted there is now a comprehen- Belgrade”. it will serve as indica- for water objects in Belgrade sive database on environmental tor for monitoring the state of with digital map data” term pollution in the cityu. Precodndi- pollution by these substances in objective is to establish new basis tions now exist for a more rational Belgrade and as well as the basis for valuing resources of undre- use of pesticides in agriculture. for future control. ground waters. 10. Project “Research and Re- 17. Projekat „Mangement of waste 24. Project of “Raising the habilitation of the space of of fluorescent rodes containing awearenss of population Ada Huja in Belgrade” - This Mercury” it is planned to make about importance of pro- is three years project relized with inventory of rodes with Mercury tection of environment” the Ministry of Protection of in order to make adequte plan for together wit NGO “My City is Environment. The rezults were management to stop uncontrolled White City”was the Topic for presented after it was completed pollution of soil and undergorund Public Competition in 2010. We in december 2010. waters. received 107 applications from 11. Project “Radioecological 18. Project for cleaning the Air in which we supported 57 projects. research of healthy environ- Terazijan tunel the aim of this ment“ – in 2010. we conitiniued project is to protecet air from Sector for Management of Protection of with this research specially in heavy pollution from traffic. Environment agricultural areas. 19. Project „Inventory of Septic Work done in this sector is defining 12. Work on uniform Programe Tanks in Belgrade“ the Project Mesures and Conditions to Protect of management with water started in 2009. and is still going the Environment for the Needs of resources in the territory of on. The inventory will cover Spatial and Urban Plnning. Belgrade- „Blue Regulation“ – the sttlements that do not have 1. Strategy of Afforestation of the strategic program of mangement sewerage sysytem. Another step Belgrade Area Purpose of The with water resources and their will be the definition of activities Strategy is to provide basis for new protection in the frame of (WFD for an adequate system of collec- forest plants what would increase 14 - Water framework Directive tion, channelling and purification forest resources by 6%. This way EU2000/60/EC). of the communal wastewteri in we should create preconditions 13. Adequate Concept of Inte- this area. for a complete promotion of the grated Waste Water Manga- 20. Project “Remediation of environment and development ment (priority is territory of Wastewater Collectors in of other activities related to better Belgarde) the objective is to Padinska Skela” The Secretariat utiliyation of those resources. define adequate standards and provided financial support for 2. Management of Protected Natu- parameteres for the documenta- the Municipality of Plilula fro the ral Goods tion in order to choose technol- above project. The project was n preserving the valuble monu- ogy of waste water treatment. finished in 2010. ments, protecting and pro- 14.Construction of waste water 21. Project „Ecological state, motimg, as well as utilizing management in order to sources of pollution, analysis them have been relized through protect park- forest „Avala“. of river Veliki Lug from its relevant management plans, At present in 2010. the work is spring in Sopot to bridge n defining proposals and deci- completed and its under the Jafnjilo in Municipality sions about finansing plan and Public Utility JKP „Vodovod i Mladenovac“ this project task progrmes for management of kanalizacija“. is to collect data on which it will protecetd natural goods, 15. Local Plan of Waste Mnage- be possible to make propsal for ment for the Tterritory of project for remediation. n giving permits for plans and pro- grames for their protection, Belgrade this Local Plan is man- 22.Project of how to use alteran- aged by Secretariat for Environ- tive energy rseources 3. Project of revitalization of “blue- mental Protection of Belgrade. Use biomas for heating the green corridors” in territory of It is the basis for the future schools it was-applied in primary Belgrade managemnet of waste and will school „Stefan Nemanja“ from 4. Work on defining the conditions Belgrade. Construction of and protection of environment in spatial and urban plans and SECTOR FOR INSPECTION AND SURVE- n measurement and control of other legal documents for con- ILLANCE noise in public places. struction of objects The Sector controls application and Analysis and evaluation of re- realization of the legal provisions and Other activities quests for measures for ptotection regulations in the area of environ- Besides above mentioned which are of environment for spatial and mental protection. regular there are other activities in urban planning. which inspectors are takeing active Priorites in the work part, such as: 5. Auditing and giving permits for In 2010. inspector for environmental strategic EIA n being members of different com- control focused on the following: missions, 6. Giving permits for management n sources of nonionizing radia- n working on inventories, with waste tion pf special interest: control n forming data basis in areas of inter- Legal and Law matters Legal of basic mobile station, land and est for the environment protec- and Law issues are concerned wireless telphones, internet provid- tion, with normative, and standrads, ers, enfocment of regulation and n takeing active part in writting ac- n control of efficency of purifa- other acts and documents in tion plans and remediation plans, ing systems of waste waters, connection to protection of n working together with other n environment. contorl and state of the art of inspectors and on the level of protected natural goods, 7. Economic issues: Republic, n control of sources and objects Realization of Economic matters n takeing active part in seminars,

in connection with budgeting generating waste, workshops and trenings, n control of management with of work done in Protection of n working with NGOs, inert and nonhazardous waste, Environment n prepearing information of impor- n 8. Documentation and Administra- control of registered boilers tance for Public, media and etc. tive issues room,

Employees of the Secretariat for the Environment 15 1. Trivan Goran - Secretary Department for law and economics Department for control of 2. Dragoslav Budimirović - Deputy secretary 16. Bujas Milena - Section Head conditions, measures in 3. Jevtić Ivana - Coordinator 17. Marković Dragana environmental protection 4. Sretković Mirjana - Technical Secretary 18. Branka Šekularac 33. Nenad Mitrović - Section Head 34. Ječmenica Dragan Sector for monitoring of the quality of the Department for protection of the nature and 35. Biljana Krvavac Environment risk assessemnet of Plans and Projects 36. Radovan Vukasović 5. Grubačević Marija - Assistant Secretary 19. Sterđević Valentina - Section Head 37. Saša Cvetković 20. Đorđević Aleksandar Department for monitoring, 38. Sežana Jelić protection accidents and 21. Košpić Sanja 39. Dragan Parežanin prevenitve protection Section for the protection of nature Department for surveillance in 6. Radić Vukićević Olivera - Section Head 22. Novaković Slavica - Section Head nature, and management of waste 7. Mijić Radomir 23. Jovanović Maja 40. Mirjana Ružić - Section Head 8. Petrušić Nataša 24. Obradović Magdalena 41. Radoš Nedeljković Sector for planning and Department for environmental impact asses- 42. Snežana Hinić management of projects sment of plans, projects 43. Vladimir Petrović 44. Marko Molinger 9. Đokić Nataša - Section Head 25. Radojičić Zelić Andreja - Section Head 45. Krajčinović Suzana 10. Biljana Glamočić 26. Mirjana Milivojčević 46. Jelena Đurđević 11. Popović Zorica 27. Verica Rakočević 47. Milica Zapletić Depertment for planning and 28. Marica Brzić Department for surveillance, organization in waste management Department for issuing permits of ambient air and communal noise 12. Abramović Filip - Section Head 29. Tošić Slavica - Section Head 48. Ljubinka Jovanić - Section Head 13. Jasmina Vučenović 30. Janojlić Sadika 49. Vesna Radojević 14. Višnjevac Vesna 31. Ćurčić Vladana 50. Vesna Milenković Sector for Management of Sector for environmental 51. Aleksandra Popović Protection of Environment inspection 52. Rajko Stolica 15. Gucić Mirjana - Assistant secretary 32. Vesna Đorđević - Assistant Secretary 53. Ljiljana Reljić 54. Jovica Đelić 55. Daliborka Radulović

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Air Quality Control - Objectives n monitoring of concentration contained in the Law on Environ- Systematic, program-based measur- trends, by city zones; mental Protection. Law on Air Pro- ing of air pollution on the terri- n assessment of population expo- tection, Decree on Conditions on tory of Belgrade, with the following sure; Monitoring of Air Pollution an Data Quality Objectives.Therefore, the objectives: n identification of the sources of authorities of Belgrade are obliged n monitoring of the degree of air pollution or risk; by law, within their competence, pollution in relation to imission n evaluation of long-term trends; to provide continuous control and limit values (ILVs); and monitoring of the environment. A n undertaking preventive mea- n analysis of the measures under- systematic measuring of imissions sures in the segments which are taken to prevent air pollution. included in the Program, have been important for the protection of air performed through monitoring quality from pollution; Legal basis networks set up in urban territory of n informing the public and defining Belgrade. recommendations for individual The legal basis for adoption of the behavior in cases of episodes of Program of Air Quality Control in increased air pollution; the area of Belgrade, Serbia has been

17 18

ENVIRONMENTAL ATLAS INSTITUTE OF PUBLIC OF BELGRADE HEALTH OF BELGRADE

AGENCY FOR CITY BULIDING LAND AND DEVELOPMENT OF BELGRADE

AIR Map 31

PARAMETRIKVALITETAVAZDUHA

1 SO2,NO2, ČAĐ, TT,PAU,AS, SČ, PO3

2 SO2,NO2, ČAĐ, TT,PAU,AS, SČ

3 SO2,NO2, ČAĐ, TT,PAU,AS

4 SO2, ČAĐ, TT,PAU,AS

5 SO2,ČAĐ,TT, PAU, AS,SČ

6 SO2,NO2,ČAĐ,PAU,AS, SČ

7 SO2,NO2,ČAĐ,SČ

8 SO2,ČAĐ,AS

9 NO2

TT Teški i toksični metali

PAU Policiklični aromatični ugljovodonici 3.4 benzo (a)piren

AS Aerosediment

SČ Suspendovane čestice Stambeno tkivo Reke, potoci PO3 Prizemni ozon Kanali SO Sumpordioksid 2,5 5 7,5 10 km 2 Auto put, magistrale Važnije gradske saobraćajnice NO2 Azotdioksid Granica GP-a

Beograd, 2002 CRITERIA FOR THE SELECTION OF AIR POLLUTANTS TO BE MONITORED

Main pollutants in ambient air, of interest in an urban setting, in the present air quality monitoring network of Bel- grade have been presented in Table 1. The group of substances, widespread in ambient air, has been selected because of their impact on human health. Additional increased attention has been paid to air toxics such as PAHs, acid aero- sols and BTEX.

Table 1 Belgrade: Main pollutants in ambient air that have been monitored

SO2, NOX, NO2 – 24-hour averages

Gas components O3 – 24-hour, 4 and 8- hour averages CO – 30 minute, 1 hour, BTEX 1- hour and 24- hour averages PAH – 3,4 benzo-a-pyrene (BaP) – averages per month Soot, total deposited matter – 24-hour averages Ambient air Ambient Solid phases in the air SPM (mass conc.) mass concentration, 24-hour averages 7-day sampling interval Pb, Cd, Zn, Mn, Ni, Hg, Cr – averages per month

Methodologies of Air Monitoring The local urban air quality network consists of 18 stationary measurement sites. These sites cover the territory according to the above mentioned objectives. Nowdays, since 2002. up to 2008. the existing air monitoring network was upgraded with six automatic analyzers (Horiba AP-360, series APNA-NOX, APSA-SO2, APMA-CO, APHA-total hydrocarbons). In order to fulfill the ISO 17025 requirements, we have also obtained measurement devices for sampling SPM

2.5 and 10, PM10 (EN 12341), PM 2.5 and BTEX Analyser – type airmo BTX 1000. Number of No. Parameter* Principle of measurement Sampling period EU Directive 19 stations

1 SO2 /soot 18/19 UV fluorescencion/ reflektometar continuous o 1999/30/EC

2 NO2/NOx 13 hemiluminiscencion continuous o 1999/30/EC

3 O3 2 UV absorption continuous o 2002/03/EC 4 CO 2 not disperziv infrared spectrofotometry continuous o 2000/69/EC

5 PM10 4 absorption of β radiation continuous o 1999/30/EC 6 SC10 10 gravimetry daily (24 h) 1999/30/EC

7 PM2.5 0 gravimetry C(2003)10 daily (24 h) 1999/30/EC 8 BTEX 2 GC - FID continuous 2000/69/EC 9 VOC/ 1 sampling on solid adsorb / GC - FID daily (24 časa) 2000/69/EC Heavy2 metals 11 11 gravimetry - PM10 /AAS/ICP daily (24 h) 2004/107/EC (As, Cd, Hg, Ni) 12 PAH/BaP2 11- gravimetry - PM10/ GC - MS daily (24 h) 2004/107/EC

AMBIENT AIR QUALITY Mean annual value of sulphurdioxide in 2010. was below LV of 50µg/m3. 4 days SO 2 were registerd over LV* (125 µg/m3) Mean annual value of soot in 2010. was below LV of 50 µg/m3 139 days were Soot rgistered over LV (50 µg/m3) Mean annual value of nitogendioxide in 2010. was below LV of 40µg/m3 . 152 NO 2 days were rgistered over LV(85µg/m3) Mean annual value of airsediment in 2010. Was over LV of 200mg/m2dan at 8 Airsediment mesurement sites out of total 22. Obtained results of benzo(a)pyren (BaP in 2010. show the BaP-a concentrations PAH over target value (TV) at all mesurement sites.Mean annual value was in range from 1,13 ng/m3 to 19,62 ng/m3. The results show the presence of substances specific for the technological pro- Specific airborne substances cesses, with concentrations which were over LV from time to time, due to the from industries emissions from the process. Maximum yearly concentra- Maximium concentrations in 2010. Were as for: Soot 219 µg/m3 for sulphurdiox- tion ide 131 µg/m3 and for nitorgendioxide 382 µg/m3. The results of mesuring PM at 14 sites show that they were over LV 40 µg/m3 Suspended particulate PM 10 10 at 13 mesurement sites. Daily LV was exceeded in 431 mesurements. Margin of <10 mikrona tolerence (TV 75 µg/m3) was exceeded 192 measurement.

3 1. Annual Mean concentrations of SO2, black smoke and NO2 at four mesurement sites in Belgrade u μg/m 2006. 2007. 2008. 2009. 2010. Measurement site SO2 BS SO2 BS SO2 BS SO2 BS SO2 BS Bul. desp. Stefana54a * 55 46 44 56 21 47 20 35 22 21 Dr Subotića 57 29 29 30 31 31 31 17 24 21 Požeška Ø 32 Ø 38 Ø 28 Ø 25 Ø 18 Goce Delčeva 9 24 14 46 46 36 31 29 17 25 3 SO2– detection limit of applied method 10 mg/m * SO2 automatic monitor; Ø - not mesured 2. Average Number of days exceeding LV per location in 3. Maximum annual concentrations registered in Belgrade Belgrade Maximum Y e a r Year 2006. 2007. 2008. 2009. 2010. concentration* 2006. 2007. 2008. 2009. 2010.

SO2 3 1,1 0,5 1,8 0,5 Soot 286 400 325 226 219 Black Smoke 43 66 43 29 8,17 SO2 252 309 163 250 131 Azotdioksid 6 11 5 2 8,94 NO 20 2 137 240 296 170 382 * expressed in μg/m3 21 AIR POLLUTION PRODUCED BY THE SUBSTANCES ORIGINATING FROM MOBILE SOURCES

All mean annaul values of carbon momoxide at all measurements sites were over ILVy (3,0 mg/m3), CO concentrations are higher during winter due to low temperature and higher RH. .

3 NO2 All mean annaul values of nitogen dioxide at all measurements sites were over ILVy (40,0 µg/m ). Pb All mean annaul values of lead at all measurements sites were over ILVy (0,5 µg/m3). Concentrations of VOC do not have AQS but in urban environment their emission from traffic is ap- VOC proximately 60 - 70%.

3 SO2 All mean annaul values of sulphurdioxide at all measurements sites were over LVy (50,0 µg/m ). BTEX There are no AQS for the mixture of these concentrations on National level.

Measuring of all parameters has According to the results it is possible n ZONE IV wider city zone (City been performed at 16 intersections to recognize five “zones “ in the city: Hospital, Karaburma, Autokom- in Belgrade from Januray to Decem- n ZONE I central city zone (the anda, Banovo Brdo) ber 2010. Mesurements were twice locations of London, Nusiceva n ZONE V theritorry across the a month, at 12 intersections and at 4 Street Federal Assembly and Zeleni Sava river (Novi Beograd and intersections four times a month. venac (green marekt) Zemun) Most endangered zones of the city n ZONE II tranzit city zone (Cvi- Let us stress that differences in con- are the central one and transition jiceva, Railway Station, Mostar, centrations of the pollutants have route, where we have seen eleva- Pancevaki most) not been significant. The narrow city tions of concentrations of all pollut- n ZONE III old city squears (Slavija, core has directly been jeopardized ants. This is explained by the traffic Vukov Spomenik) by the intersections. The data also 22 structure and types of vehicles using stress the impact of meteorological these routes. conditions, which directly influence the spread of pollutants.

RADIOACTIVITY IN THE AIR

Table 1. Intensity of the absorbed dose of gamma irradiation in the air was in 2010. within the in- Gamma irradiation tervals of 74 to 0.143 nSv/h, with mean annual value of 83,6 ± 0.9 nSv/h. This corresponds to the limits of change of the natural radiation in the air. 137 Cs in the air Activity of 137Cs in the air was low in 2010 137 Cs in precipitation The values of 137Cs were below the detection limits

Table 2. Annual Values of intensity of absorbed dose of gam- Table 3. Specific Actvity of 137 Cs in the Air in Belgrade in 2010. ma radiation in the Air in Belgrade 2010. (nSv/h) (mBq/m3) Minimum annual value 74 Minimum annual value < 0.2 Mean annual value 83.6 ± 0.9 Mean annual value 0.78 ± 0.39 Maximum annual value 143 Maximum annual value 1.8 ± 0.3 Table 4. Specific Actvity of 7 Be in the Air in Belgrade, measurement site Karađorđev park 2010. (mBq/m3) Minimum annual value 1.23 ± 0.08 Mean annual value 3.5 ± 1.5 Maximum annual value 5.65 ± 0.35

Results on measurement of specific activity of rainfall in Belgrade in 2010.

Table 5. Specific Actvity of 90 Sr in rainfall in Belgrade in 2010. (Bq/m2) Measurement site Karađorđev park Zeleno brdo Lazarevac Obrenovac Minimum annual value < 0.19 < 0.02± 0.01 < 0.18 < 0.18 Mean annual value 1.2 ± 1.1 0.26± 0.36 0.86 ± 0.60 1.18 ± 0.90 Maximum annual value 3.61 ± 0.20 1.30 ± 0.04 2.18 ± 0.16 2.88 ± 0.18

Table 6. Specific Actvity of 7 Be in rainfall in Belgrade in 2010 (Bq/m2) Measurement site Karađorđev park Zeleno brdo Lazarevac Obrenovac Minimum annual value 17.9± 3.2 3.88 ± 0.687 <2.7 < 3.2 Mean annual value 58 ± 40 35 ± 58 15.9 ± 9.6 21 ± 16 Maximum annual value 132± 7 191± 6 33.8 ± 6.4. 57.0 ± 7.3

QUALITY OF SURFACE WATERS IN BELGRADE

For more than 40 years, Institute of Today, Program of Control encom- pollutants in hydrobionts, assess 23 Public Health of Belgrade has been passes 24 watercourses with 30 self- purification, saprobic status cooperating with Secretariat for the control points (profiles). It has been and advancement of eutrophica- Environment on monitoring the covering watercourses, profiles, tion, provide data for construction quality of surface waters in Belgrade. controlled media and parameters, of devices for wastewater treat- Based on the proposal of measures frequency of sampling and analytical ment. Program enables us verify the to be undertaken, Program of methods of control of the quality of efficacy of measures undertaken to Control of the Quality of Surface surface waters. maintain the water quality and the Waters has suffered significant and The aim of control is to estimate need to apply additional measures large changes in 2010. They relate the water class for watercourses in of remediation, protection and to the controlled watercourses, relation to the relevant regulations. promotion. their profiles ( points) and control It also monitors pollution trends, Dynamics of sampling, scope and parameters. The Program has been estimates water supply adequacy type of field and laboratory inves- updated, improved and harmonized for Belgrade, Obrenovac, Vinca and tigations were defined depending with state- of the- art knowledge on Baric. Based on the Program, we on the importance of a watercourse harmful and hazardous substances, estimate sanitation of each water- and the profile (spot) for a commu- negative impact of these substances, course, analyze options for safe and nity, degree of its endangerment and and performance of laboratory secure recreation of the population; wastewaters. equipment. The changes relate also assess adequacy of the water to be Estimate of the quality of water was to standpoints of EU and ICPDR in used for irrigation of arable land; done based on domestic and inter- the area of surface water control. To monitor sedimentation of inorganic national relevant regulations (quality be more precise, all previous draw- and organic micro pollutants in the of surface waters). backs have been eliminated. sediment, monitor bioaccumula- tion of inorganic and organic macro WATER QUALITY: THE SAVA AND DANUBE In 40 samples taken from the Sava, 22 of them (55.0%) belong to River water Class II We found aberrations from the Class II norms, in physical- chemical, chemical and sanitary-microbiological examination, in only 3 (7.5%) samples. We proved exceedence of limit values for some physical- chemical and chemical parameters in 6 (15.0%) samples. In 9 (22.5%) samples, we found aberrations The Sava only in the sanitary- microbiological sense. This is one of best years in the last decade. In relation to 2008 and 2009, we found fewer aberrations from the proper river water class. This applies to certain physical- chemical and sanitary- microbiologi- cal parameters. We found aberrations from the proper river class, in the sense of physical- chemical and chemical parameters, in 13 (32.5%) samples. We found exceedence of MAC for only certain physical-chemical and chemical parameters in 6 (15.0%) samples. In 11 (27.5%) samples, we found aberrations only in the The sanitary- microbiological sense, i.e. we detected high titer of total coliform bacteria. Danube In relation to results obtained in 2009, we observed slight improvement of water quality. It is especially visible in sanitary-microbiological sense. We should bear in mind that the year 2010 was among the poor ones in the last decade.

The Sava BOD (3), iron concentrations (15), cantly better in 2010 than before. The Makis- Duboko and Zabran suspended substances (2) and min- The process of self- purification has profiles are near the capture of eral oils (3). been effective in the river, since the Belgrade, Baric and Obrenovac Examinations of the so- called “nitro- authorities of the city have not done Waterworks. Therefore, those three gen triad (HN4+, NO2- and NO3-) anything to build a device for purifi- points have high significance. show that the burden Sava has by cation and treatment of communal Aberrations from river waters Class proteins and nitric fertilizers is rather wastewaters. Improvement of the II, in physical- chemical and chemi- weak. Oxidation, i.e. first and second water quality did not occur due to cal sense, were not important (in stage of mineralization is so far decrease of pollution. 24 number of parameters and defined successful, as the result of the river’s Quality of the Sava water in 2010 concentrations). We found aberra- huge flow and good active (and pas- can be fully analyzed only in com- tions in the following parameters: sive) water aeration. parison with the previous ones. quantity of dissolved oxygen (1), As for sanitation and microbiology, Comparative results are given in the oxygen saturation degree (5), 5-day the quality of Sava water was signifi- following table.

Table Quality of the Sava Water, 2001- 2010 Class II Changed parameters and therefore beyond class II bacteriology and only No of only bacteriology Year No of physical- chemical physical-chemical samples % samples no of no of samples % % no of samples % samples 2001 64 40 62.5 5 7.8 14 21.9 5 7.8 2002 66 35 53.0 5 7.6 15 22.7 11 16.7 2003 68 24 35.3 11 16.2 7 10.3 26 38.2 2004 68 34 50.0 11 16.2 4 5.9 19 27.9 2005 68 19 27.9 22 32.4 13 19.1 14 20.6 2006 68 22 32.4 20 29.3 4 5.9 22 32.4 2007 68 18 26.5 15 22.1 6 8.8 29 42.6 2008 68 27 39.7 14 20.6 15 22.1 12 17.6 2009 68 32 47.1 15 22.0 6 8.9 15 22.0 2010 40 22 55.0 3 7.5 6 15.0 9 22.5 Generally, the Sava water quality in rification, practically due to absence supply, food- processing industries, 2010 was significantly improved, ac- of toxic substances. fisheries and recreation. cording to sanitary- microbiological We did not record any major ac- In relation to 2009 results, we parameters. According to chemical- cidental pollution by inorganic and noticed a slight improvement in physical ones, this improvement was organic substances, a favorable fact quality, especially in respect of sani- less prominent. for the water quality. tation and microbiology. In the past As in 2009, the number of popu- decade, however, the year 2010 was The Danube lation and growth of volume of among the worst. Out of 40 samples taken in 2010, sanitary and industrial wastewaters Comparative results of examinations only 10 ( 22.5%) corresponded has not been significantly changed. of the Danube water, per groups of Class II by all examined parameters. The change of water quality can be parameters, in the area of Belgrade, These were waters suitable for water explained by more effective self- pu- 2001- 2010, are given in the following table. Table: Quality of the Danube Water, 2001- 2010 Class II Changed parameters and therefore beyond class II No of bacteriology and only Year No of only bacteriology samples % physical- chemical physical-chemical samples no of samples % no of samples % no of samples % 2001 64 21 32.8 17 26.6 19 29.7 7 10.9 2002 66 26 39.5 14 21.2 10 15.2 16 24.2 2003 67 19 28.4 24 35.8 6 9.0 18 26.8 2004 68 27 39.7 10 14.7 5 7.4 26 38.2 2005 68 13 19.2 26 38.2 9 13.2 20 29.4 2006 68 11 16.2 23 33.8 9 13.2 25 36.8 2007 68 20 29.4 175 25.0 8 11.8 23 33.8 2008 68 27 39.7 8 11.8 15 22.1 18 26.4 2009 68 12 17.6 14 20.6 10 14.7 32 47.1 2010 40 10 25.0 13 32.5 6 15.0 11 27.5 25 It is obvious that worsening of the Our control was performed in 24 parameters belonging to oxygen quality of Danube water, perceived water courses and 30 monitoring regimen and mineral oils. So far, in 2009, did not continue in 2010. profiles. it does not hinder water supply, It is important now to maintain the n The Program was completely real- recreation and irrigation. attained improvement. ized in 2010. n We did not find triazine, urea,

Final Remarks n In 2009 and 2010, the Sava quality herbicides, pesticides insecticides, PCBs, PAHs, and volatile hydro- Based on the results of laboratory was significantly better than the carbons in the water streams. In examinations and field investi- Danube: in the sense of physical- some instances, the above were gations, undertaken within the chemical and chemical param- detected in low concentrations “Program for the Control of Quality eters. The difference, in favor of the that do not jeopardize aquatic of Surface Waters in Belgrade in Sava, was much more prominent ecosystem. 2010”and comparing the obtained in microbiological sense. results with the ones from 2009, n generally, during 2010, we have n In the Sava and Danube, a majority these are our final remarks: measured significant improve- of toxic and carcinogenic substances was not detected, or was n The Program was significantly ment of the Sava water quality. detected sporadically - in small, altered and improved in 2010. Improvement of the quality of negligible concentrations that New water courses, locations (pro- Danube was small, while it was pose no health threat and do files) for sampling and parameters very small in Kolubara and Turija. not impact hydrobionts. This is of control were added. They will n In the waters of Sava and Danube, important from the standpoint of give a more detailed and precise exceedances of MAC is most fre- water supply of Obrenovac, Baric, overview of the situation in area of quently registered in iron content, Belgrade and Vinca. surface waters in the Belgrade area. suspended substances, certain n In the sediment of Sava and ture. This was not the case in previ- however, were low. We did not Danube, we did not register the ous years. These substances show detect triazine herbicides.

content of heavy and toxic metals characteristics of bio magnification n Concerning inorganic micro above “effective” values. PAHs and in food chains. pollutants (Hg, As, Pb, Cd), in the mineral oils are moderately high. n In soft tissue of certain shellfish muscle tissue of ichtyophagoid Other micro pollutants were not species and muscles of ben- and benthophagoid species of detected. thophagoid fish species in the Sava the fish we found slightly elevated n It is good that we did not register and Danube, we registered bioac- concentration of mercury, in only concentrations of toxic bio accu- cumulation of certain organic one sample (captured in the Dan- mulative heavy metals above their micro pollutants insecticides, PCBs ube). Prominent accumulation of “effective “limits in the sediment and PAHs). The concentrations, lead and cadmium was recorded near Makis and Vinca water cap- in the shellfish.

QUALITY OF THE WATER IN ADA CIGANLIJA LAKE, “LIDO” SWIM- MING AREA AND THE RESERVOIRS AT THE FOOT OF MT. AVALA: “PARIGUZ”, “BELA REKA” AND “DUBOKI POTOK” IN 2010

Monitoring and control of the aim of monitoring and control is also has been periodically checked in quality of water in the Ada Ciganlija to estimate the velocity of eutro- order to protect public health. Lake has been performed since the phization processes, effectiveness of Reservoirs at the foot of Mt. Avala foundation of this area. Since it has a the measures undertaken to maintain have been included in the Program double- purpose use (recreation and the water quality and possible need of control after 2004. Their basic water supply), the aim of our activities to undertake additional protective function is to hold the flood wave. is to protect the health of its users as remediation measures. Therefore, their water has been rare- well as the water source used for the Quality of water in the “Lido” swim- ly used for field crops or recreation needs of Belgrade Waterworks. The 26 ming/ bathing area (public beach)

Out of 111 analyzed samples, 104 (93.7%) were within the limits of classes II and I. Three analyzed samples (1.9%) were beyond the ascribed water class limits. Aberrations were registered in 7 The Sava samples (6.3%), only because of worsened microbiological parameters. Lake There is an improving trend in the quality of this water. In relation to the previous decade, 2010 was favorable in bathing sense. None of 10 samples was within the II class water quality, according to all parameters: physical, “Lido” chemical and microbiological. Swimming Due to the changes in certain physical and chemical parameters and increase of the coli- titer, we Area (Public found four samples beyond the water class limits. Elevations in MPN were found in 5 samples, Beach) while 1 had aberrations in certain physical and chemical parameters. However, the situation is somewhat worse than in 2009 Water quality was determined from 11 samples, between April and September 2008. The results show that only two samples were within the limits of Class II. „Pariguz” According to several physical and chemical parameters, aberrations were found in five samples. In Reservoir 4 of them, we found aberrations in the sense of microbiology, physical and chemical features of the water. Eleven samples were taken between April and September: 6 of them were within the limits for Class II. The remaining five had aberrations in relation to the defined class quality „Bela reka” Reservoir In respect to certain physical and chemical parameters, we found aberrations in 3 samples. (Each of them had aberrations due to altered physical, chemical and microbiological parameters and elevated coli-titer). Quality control was performed in 11 samples, between April and September. Seven of the samples „Duboki were within the Class II. The remaining two had aberrations in respect to the class. potok” Res- Due to elevated coli- titer defined for the Class II, aberrations were recorded in the two samples: ervoir one sample had aberrations in physical-chemical and microbiological parameters. Another one had elevations in total coli-titer values.

Dynamics and Parameters of Control Sampling methods, preparation of there depends primarily on hydro- Control of the water quality of Lake, samples and analyses are defined meteorology, dynamics of release of “Lido” and reservoirs at the foot of in various Serbian regulations and industrial wastewaters originating in Mt. Avala is performed with varying standards, as well as with SMEWW Gornji Zemun. dynamics, using varying parameters. and US EPA regulations. The results of our investigations Neither the purpose of our investi- show great oscillations in quality. gations nor ecosystems are identical Significant differences are seen in in all cases. We had to deal with lake, Quality of the Water in Ada Ciganlija Lake physical, chemical, and microbio- river and outflow reservoirs. logical parameters. Our results show that the situation In 2010, the quality of water in the in Lake is somewhat better than Out of 10 samples of water taken Lake has been controlled in three it was in previous year. Out of 111 from “Lido” bathing area, none was locations (profiles): “Children’s Swim- samples taken for analysis, only 7 within the limits of Class II, according ming Pool (near Sudijski toranj)”, (6.3%) were out of the legal class to all relevant parameters. Aber- “Okruglo kupatilo” and “Ranney limits. In 2009, this percentage was rations were seen in 4 samples - in Collector Well RB 12-1. During the higher- 8.3%. physical- chemical parameters and bathing season, quality of water has elevated titer of total coliform The recommendations state that on been controlled twice a week. In the bacteria, exceeding the values of annual basis, there may be microbio- remaining period, it was done once the mandatory water class. Elevated logical aberrations in up to 10% of a month, when the field conditions MPN was registered in five samples. the samples. In 2010, we had 8.1% of allowed. Quality control of the water In one, we observed changes in such samples. in “Lido” during the bathing season physical-chemical parameters. Values of all physical-chemical (July and August) was performed Generally, the situation is almost 27 parameters were within the limits for once a week, on the spot “Sredina identical with the one recorded in classes I and II. plaze”. In reservoirs at the foot of 2009 and slightly worse compared Mt. Avala, it was performed twice Microbiological quality of the Lake to 2008. Then, we found 3 samples a month, from June to mid- Sep- is shown in the following chart. It within the Class II. For several years tember. Before the bathing season, covers the period of 15 years. the quality of water in Lido bathing the control of Lido was not performed, due to high waters. After the termination of bathing season, it was done according to the plan. In reservoirs at the foot of Mt. Avala, it was performed twice before the season- in April and May. Institute of Public Health of Belgrade performs physical, chemical and microbiological examinations of the water quality of Ada Ciganlija Lake, “Lido” and reservoirs at the foot of Mt. Avala. Hydro biologists from In- Chart: Percentage of aberrations from Class II due to elevated titer of total coliform bacteria, 1996- 2010 stitute for Biology “Sinisa Stankovic” Water Quality in the “Lido” Bathing area has significant aberrations from perform seasonal hydro- ecological Area the mandatory recreational water examinations of the Lake and reser- The “Lido” Bathing Area is among class. voirs at the foot of Mt. Avala. largest bathing areas on the banks In 9 samples, we found MPN greater of Danube. Quality of the water than 20, 000/ l (open space bathing water norm). It has ranged from have a huge impact on the quality performed on the areas anticipat- 21,000 to 2,400,000 ( as in 2009 of water in those locations. ed by the Ecological Study. It did

and significantly far worse than in n The trend of improvement of the not have any unfavorable conse- 2008).Maximum number is out of water quality has been maintained quences on the water quality. any class for river waters. Differences in 2010. n Reduction of the number of between the number of total and n The water quality corresponds coliform bacteria and the content fecal coliform bacteria have been to the EU Directive 2006/7/EC of suspended substances and seldom recorded (only twice during (Quality of the Water in Open trophogenic salts was successfully the bathing season). This is an unfor- Bathing Areas), imposing that sani- performed in the sedimentation tunate situation, since they pose a tation and maintenance regimen basin. huge health risk. should be permanently monitored n Quality of the water in “Lido” Due to increased MPN, there is of- (both of the entire Lake and bath- bathing area has been found to ten risk for bathers’ health. Infections ing area). The document stresses be worse than in 2009 and 2008 and damaged mucous membranes that it is necessary to pay special (when 3 and 1 samples were within in the children are frequent infec- attention to promotion of good the limits of Class II). Nine out of tions. They can be prevented by an behavior of the users. 11 samples with elevated coli-titer after- bath shower. n From the standpoint of sanitation, point to the fact that recreational the process of self-purification, activities in “Lido” are not safe for public health. Quality of the Water in Reservoirs at the controlled flow and passive aera- Foot of Mt. Avala tion have maintained balance of n Of the three reservoirs at the foot The results of field and laboratory the aquatic system. of Mt. Avala, best water qual- investigations show that 2out of 11 n In respect to microbiology, during ity was found in “Dubok potok”, samples (taken from the “Pariguz” bathing season we only had 6 followed by (in descending order) Reservoir) were in accordance with samples with aberrations (8.1%). It “Bela reka” and “Pariguz”. norms for River Water Class II. Only is slightly worse than in 2009 and n In all three reservoirs, we have 5 samples had aberrations from the significantly worse than in 2008, recorded worsening of trophism- above class, according to certain although it corresponds to the speedy ageing and creation of 28 physical- chemical parameters. In WHO recommendations. ponds, which may have serious

four samples we found aberrations n Presence of enteropatogenic implications on the quality of the in sanitation, microbiology and microorganisms, causing agents water and reduction of its multi- physical- chemical features. of water-borne outbreaks has not purpose use. Generally, in 2010 the water quality been registered in the Lake water. n The fact that in reservoirs “Duboki

did not correspond to the one n Occasionally present in recent potok” and “Pariguz” we have regulated for bathing waters. Public years, Proteus and Pseudomonas noticed “flowering” of the water health safety was jeopardized. How- aeruginosa were not detected in caused by dark green algae, are the ever, this water might have been 2010. reason for concern. This indi- used for other purposes. cates possibility of toxin creation n In one sample, we detected Group (microcystine) in the water, which D fecal streptococci, whose pres- would result in the prohibition of ence is not allowed by the EU Concluding remarks its use for recreation and irrigation. Bathing Water Directive. The results of our examinations, in relation to the quality of water of the n Using the Carlson Trophic State In- Lake, sedimentation basin in Ada dex, we found that chlorophyll a Ciganlija, “Lido” Bathing area and res- concentration, water transparency ervoirs under Mt. Avala show that: and the content of total phos- phates were satisfactory in 2010. n Permanently large numbers of Compared to 2009, the situation is bathers, overcoming ecological somewhat more favorable but still capacity of the lake and its ability demands constant monitoring. of self- purification, combined with an ever-growing number of n Macrophytes removal has been services and recreational spots, performed almost daily, starting from the middle of spring. It was QUALITY OF DRINKING WATER FROM THE BELGRADE WATERWORKS

Results of analyses of samples of drinking water, taken from the Belgrade Waterworks System and the Vinca Waterworks in 2010, show that in 111 samples (1.7%) out of 6, 637 we have found aberra- Physical and tions in relation to the norms defined by the Rulebook chemical In the samples taken from installations, reservoirs and the network, most frequent aberration in examinations relation to the Rulebook, is turbidity and iron content. This is of no major importance to consumers ’health Results of analyses of the samples taken from both Belgrade and Vinca Waterworks show that, in 360 samples (5.4%) out of 6, 637, aberrations were found in relation to norms defined by the Rulebook Aberrations are significantly rarer than in previous years. Most frequent reason for unsafe samples was elevated total number of bacteria in 1 ml of water. This is of no greater significance for con- Bacteriological sumer health but rather is an indicator of the situation important for the estimate of quality and examinations integrity of the drinking water distribution system. This parameter has been translated to norms in different ways, or has not been translated at all in other countries’ Rulebooks. In Serbia, limit for this parameter has been defined rather strictly. If we wanted to perform harmonization of norms, then the estimate of bacteriological quality would have been different- aberrations would have been slighter. It is important to notice that we have never isolated pathogenic microorganisms. In 2010, we have examined 10 samples of drinking water. The results showed totalα activity < 0.1 Bq/l. Total β activity was < 1 Bq/l. All samples were safe. Radioactivity Systematic control of radioactivity in drinking water and environment has been performed by the relevant, authorized facilities. For several decades, Institute of Sanitary Inspection of the Ministry had been worsened. Such suspicions 29 Public Health of Belgrade has been of Health. It is done without an- often occur after malfunctioning monitoring the quality of drinking nouncement, several times a year. of the water supply network or in water processed in the Belgrade Wa- Within the systematic control cases of other individually perceived terworks Public Utility. The monitor- of quality of drinking water, the characteristics of drinking water. ing has been performed in order to samples have been taken: Extraordinary monitoring of water secure safe, hygienic drinking water quality, by specific indicators and n At five installations for water treat- for the Belgrade population. special parameters occurs in every ment (Banovo Brdo, Bezanija, Bele accident related to the pollution of The control has been performed vode, Makis and Vinca); according to the Program based on surface water that may jeopardize n From 16 tanks, and the Rulebook on Hygienic Safety the source of water capture. It is of- of Drinking Water (published n At 90 distribution network points, ten done in cases of natural disasters in the “Official Herald of the FR in various parts of the city. or unfavorable events or in cases Yugoslavia”, no 42/ 98). Beside this, The samples from installations have where professionals think that they additional examination of the water been taken daily; the samples from may represent a threat to drinking quality has been performed in the the tanks have been taken during water quality. as internal control of the very Water one week. During the same time The Vinca Waterworks is a part of processing Utility, at installations for interval, all points from the distribu- the Belgrade Waterworks System. water purification and in the Service tive network have been covered. Since February 1993, its maintenance for Sanitation and Control of the Planned sampling is very often fol- has been taken over by the Public Belgrade Waterworks. This Service lowed by demands for unplanned, Utility “Waterworks and Sewerage”. takes approximately equal number extraordinary sampling. They come The Vinca System supplies ap- of samples as Institute of Public from individuals and facilities, in proximately 20, 000 inhabitants of Health of Belgrade. Fourth degree cases of suspicion that the quality the settlements Vinca and Lestane. of control is surveillance done by Samples of drinking water are taken from the pumping station (twice a presented in monthly and an- physical and chemical examina- week) and from four points within a nual reports, submitted to Sanitary tions, 6, 145 samples were subject to distribution network (once a week). Inspection Service, Secretariat for basic regimen - “A”; 360 samples to In the samples of water, we examine the Environment and PU “Belgrade periodical analysis- “B “. The remain- their physical-chemical characteris- Waterworks and Sewerage System ing 132 samples were subject to tics, bacteriology, biological quality During 2010, Laboratory for Human “large regimen”. Monitoring micro- and the degree of radioactivity. Ecology of Institute of Public Health biological safety was done in 6, 673 samples taken for bacteriological Results of laboratory examinations of Belgrade analyzed 6, 637 samples examination. In 353 samples, we have of water samples taken from the of drinking water, originating from monitored biological parameters. Belgrade Waterworks have been the Belgrade Waterworks. Within

Table 2.4.1.1: Total number of samples examined in 2010 and taken from the Belgrade Waterworks, per sampling site and type of examination No of samples according to the Program No of Total no of No of related to physical-chemical examina- samples No of samples for samples for tions for bacte- samples for Sampling sites physical/ radiological riological biological chemical examina- basic A periodical B large L examina- examinations analysis tions tions Installations 1460 1364 48 48 1460 48 4 Reservoirs 742 574 168 0 742 164 0 Network 4135 3955 120 60 4135 119 5 Vinca pumping 113 89 12 12 113 11 1 station Vinca network 187 163 12 12 187 11 0 TOTAL 6637 6145 360 132 6637 353 10

30 In the samples of drinking water Table 2.4.1.3: Medium, minimum and maximum concentrations of certain parame- taken from reservoir and network, ters in drinking water in 2010. The samples have been taken in Belgrade Waterworks the only registered aberration was in relation to water turbidity and iron Topčider PARAMETERS Bele Vode Makiš Bežanija pumping Vinča content. We did not find any aber- station*** rations in the samples taken from Al med 0.037 0.079 <0.003 0.034 0.040 installations. (mg/l) max. 0.065 0.133 0.052 0.066 0.080 Except for the aberrations in iron MAC 0.2 min. 0.014 0.010 <0.003 <0.003 0.017 content and water turbidity, all other As med. <0.001 <0.001 0.005 0.002 <0.01 parameters were within the limits of (mg/l) max. 0.001 0.001 0.007 0.005 <0.01 maximum allowed values. We did MAC 0.01 min <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.01 not detect PAHs, PCBs, pesticides, Cu med. 0.109 0.023 0.001 0.016 0.090 phenols, cyanides, mineral oils, (mg/l) max. 0.198 0.219 0.003 0.101 0.144 alkylbenzosulphates, toxic met- MAC 2.0 min 0.009 0.004 0.001 0.003 0.066 als (mercury, lead, cadmium and Calcium med. 67.7 59.7 78.8 67.4 55.3 chrome). While nitrites had been (mg/l) max. 75.7 72.5 83.0 77.7 62.2 at detection limit values. Other MAC 200.0 min 51.4 50.8 76.2 56.5 47.7 parameters were significantly below Potassium med. 1.34 1.44 1.93 1.48 2.19 maximum allowed concentrations (mg/l) max. 1.66 1.92 2.06 2.02 3.04 ( MAC). It is favorable, from the MAC 12.0 min 1.08 1.05 1.78 1.18 1.76 standpoint of consumer health, that the values of disinfection by- prod- Magnesium med. 14.60 10.06 26.2 15.8 11.19 ucts had been five times as low as (mg/l) max. 18.00 17.00 28.5 25.2 14.30 the defined limits. MAC 50.0 min 7.14 3.91 24.7 13.3 8.47 Sodium med. 7.99 6.29 17.40 8.19 19.06 In comparison with earlier years, (mg/l) max. 11.70 10.80 18.20 10.50 11.90 total aberration from the Rulebooks MAC 150.0 min 3.62 3.79 16.80 5.78 6.22 and norms regarding physical and med. 52.5 43.2 32.2 33.3 49.2 chemical features of drinking water Sulphates 31 have maintained between 1.0% and (mg/l) max. 63.4 68.5 47.4 57.6 62.4 1.7% (2001 – 2010). MAC 250 min 42.8 29.5 13.4 23.7 35.7 Orthophos- med. <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 phates max. <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 (mg/l) RESULTS OF MICROBIOLOG ICAL min <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 ANALYSES MAC 0.15 Bacteriology Fluorides med. 0.06 0.04 0.09 0.07 0.5 We have performed bacteriological (mg/l) max. 0.15 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.11 analyses 6,637 samples of water tak- MAC 1.2 min <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 en from the Belgrade Waterworks. Bicarbon- med. 223.6 189.5 347.5 254.5 172.3 Only in 360 samples (5.4%) we have ates max. 253.8 244.9 370.4 276.9 197.8 found slight aberrations from the (mg/l) min 148.8 18.0 330.6 223.9 146.4 Rulebook in this respect. Total hard- med. 12.8 10.7 17.1 13.1 10.3 Most frequently seen aberrations ness max. 14.8 14.1 18.2 15.3 12.0 were in the form of increased (°dH) min 8.9 9.2 16.4 12.1 9.1 number of total number of aerobic ***/ mixed water, from installations in Banovo brdo and Makis mesophillic bacteria in 1 ml of water. Our relevant Rulebook defines that significantly higher. With harmoni- These were identified as Bacillus the total number of bacteria in 1 zation of our norms and standards spp and / or saprophytic cocci. All ml of water (at 370C) should not with foreign ones, the estimate of these findings are rather irrelevant surpass 10, which is rather strict. A bacteriological quality of drinking since such findings have not been majority of foreign Rulebooks treats water would be much different than followed by the presence of other this parameter as indicator param- it is today. Aberrations would be indicator(s) of bacteriological un- eter. As such, it is not been subject certainly slighter. safety. to standardization, or the values are Table: Total number of samples, percentage of bacteriolo- FINAL REMARKS gical aberrations in the samples of drinking water taken from The Belgrade Waterworks Results of examinations of the water from Belgrade Waterworks in 2010 show that: Total Bacteriologic n in the physical/ chemical sense, the water quality was number of Unsafety Samples taken at in accordance with the Rulebook provisions. Most examined no of % frequent were slight increase in iron concentration and samples samples turbidity, of no significance for human health. These Installations 1460 13 0.9 were mostly the result of pressure oscillations within Reservoirs 742 14 1.9 the network or shortages due to planned switch offs Waterworks 4135 297 7.2 and problems in the distribution network. Vinča Pumping 113 2 1.8 n We did not detect toxic metals (mercury, lead, cad- station mium, and chrome), PCBs, PAHs, Other examined Vinča Water 187 34 18.2 physical- chemical parameters were within the allowed network values. Concentrations of disinfection by- products, i.e. TOTAL 6637 360 5.4 the compounds that occur in water after application Parasitology of chlorine as disinfectant, are on the average level, five In 2010, we examined 353 samples of drinking water and times as low as the maximum allowed values. found no intestinal protozoa, eggs or larvae of helminths. n Bacteriological aberrations were mostly present as We used the concentration method to detect these. increased total number of bacteria, whose presence is allowed in drinking water. These aberrations have no RADIOACTIVITY health- related impact but are an indicator of situation within the waterworks. Water samples for radiological analysis are taken twice a year, from installations and the network. The examina- n We never isolated pathogenic microorganisms nor had tion is carried out in Institute for Occupational Medicine water- borne outbreak in the area covered and sup- “Dr. Dragomir Karajovic”. Radiological analysis encom- plied by the Belgrade Waterworks. passes measuring of total α and β activity. In 2010, these n Based on the scientific results, examination methods examinations were made in March and September. All and state- of the- art technical findings, we may assess 32 examined samples (10- 4 samples from installations, that the water produced in the Belgrade Waterworks 5 from the network and 1 from the Vinca Pumping Public Utility in 2010 is safe and healthy for human station) showed that total α activity < 0.1 Bq/l. Total β consumption. activity was < 1 Bq/ l. All examined samples of drinking water are radiologi- cally safe and range within standard values given in the Rulebook. photo: nebojša čović QUALITY OF DRINKING WATER FROM PUBLIC FOUNTAINS, BELGRADE 2010

In 2010, control of quality of spring water captured in public fountains showed that a large General remark number of these fountains do not have safe drinking water Out of 300 samples from public fountains, taken for laboratory examinations in 2010, 104 Physical- chemical (34.7%) were unsafe characteristics Most frequent cause of unsafety was elevation of concentrations of nitrates, chlorides and increased values of electrical conductivity Out of 300 samples taken from public fountains, 175 (58.3%) were bacteriologically unsafe

Microbiology Most frequent cause of bacteriological unsafety of source water was presence of coliform bacteria of fecal origin (E.coli, etc.) and increased number of total coliform bacteria. Some sporadic samples were contaminated by group “D”Streptococcus Biological quality of spring water was satisfactory in a majority of public fountains. In the Biology water of certain number of them, we have registered presence of biological indicators of pollution or increased presence of fungi

Program for the control of quality source of drinking water from the by Secretariat for the Environment of water from the springs, captured point of view of public health. and other administrations; in public fountains and faucets Quality Control of the water from n Controlling sanitation and hygiene encompassed (in 2010) 26 public public fountains is done according in the fountains and in their sur- fountains, located in the area of to the current Regulations. roundings. Issuing opinions to the city. Twice a month we have Activities - Institute of Public remediate the existing situation(s); 33 examined physical- chemical and Health of Belgrade has carried out n Informing the public and media bacteriological characteristics from numerous activities aimed at moni- on the current examination results public fountains.). The water from toring, maintenance and improving of hygiene and safety of the water other facilities is examined once the quality of spring water captured from public fountains, issuing rec- a month. Once a year, the water in public fountains. These activities ommendations to use (or not to samples from all public fountains were undertaken within the Pro- use) this water for drinking, and is examined through the so- called gram of Control of Hygienic Safety “periodic”physical- chemical, bacte- n Extraordinary sampling and of Water from Public Fountains. riological and biological analysis. laboratory examinations of the Most prominent ones were: water taken from public fountains Aim - Hygienic safety of spring according to sanitation and epide- water from public fountains is per- n Regular sampling and laboratory miological indications. formed in order to protect public examinations of spring water cap- health. We also monitor the quality tured in public fountains, according to the predefined dynamics; of underground sources that are LABORATORY RESULTS used as alternate water captures, n Submission of the relevant reports In 2010, within the Program of representing an indicator of envi- to Secretariat for the Environ- Control of Hygienic Safety of Water ronmental situation. Based on the ment, Secretariat for Communal from Public Fountains, we took 300 results of laboratory examinations and Housing Affairs, Directorate samples and examined them in our and knowledge of sanitation and for Waters, and Serbian Sanitary laboratories. Basic examinations hygiene of each public fountain (and Inspection Services- Belgrade were carried out in 279 samples and its surroundings), we issue opinion Department; periodic analysis was made on the on the possibility of utilization n Opinions concerning the quality remaining 21 samples. of each concrete fountain as the of spring water, issued on demand 34 Table 1 from IPH Belgrade, Sanitary Inspec- Scope of No of Bacteriologic Physical-chemical tion Services have issued decrees to examinations samples unsafety unsafety the municipalities with unsafe water in public fountains. Basic analysis 279 163 (58.4%) 95 (34. 1%) During 2010, the website of Institute Periodic analysis 21 12 (57. 1%) 9 (42. 8%) of Public Health (www.zdravlje. org.rs) has updated its link with TOTAL 300 175 (58.3%) 104 (34.7%) basic information concerning the Microbiologic unsafety of the in location after the filter), and the Program of control of the quality of samples taken in 2010 is shown in Topcider fountain (left one). water from the springs, captured in public fountains in Belgrade, offering Graph 1. 2. Fountains with low percentage of latest data of quality control and physical-chemical unsafety and recommendations for use of public high percentage of bacteriological CLASSIFICATION OF PUBLIC FOUNTA- fountains. INS BASED ON THE WATER QUALITY, unsafety - a majority of facilities 2010 under our control. Regulations and relevant norms for 3. Fountains with high percentage of PROPOSAL OF THE MEASURES TO BE quality and safety of drinking water physical-chemical and bacterio- UNDERTAKEN define that water facilities under logical unsafety - the Mokroluska We propose the following measures, public health surveillance may have fountain, the source Tocak Zuce, which would result in promotion a tolerable aberration level of 5% Pasina fountainII ans Visnjicka and maintenance of quality of the for microbiological and 20% for banja. water from public fountains in physical-chemical unsafety. 4. Fountains with high percentage of Belgrade: Based on our 2010 examination physical- chemical unsafety and 1. Get an overview of sanitation and results, all public fountains were di- of relatively low percentage of hygiene in the facilities of public vided into the following groups, ac- bacteriological unsafety - “Velika fountains encompassed by the cording to safety of drinking water: cesma” fountain in Resnik and Program. Based on these results, 1. Fountains with low percentage of “Soko- Stark” fountain. perform remediation of facilities physical-chemical unsafety and of and the environment; 35 relatively low of bacteriological un- 2. Once a year, perform disinfection safety - the Miljakovac spring, the SANITATION AND HYGIENE in these facilities. Once in two Sveta Petka spring (in Kalemegdan, Based on the results of hygienic years, perform cleaning of intake safety of drinking water obtained structures (reservoirs) of these facilities. total aerobic mesophilic bacteria fecal bacteria group' 'D''Streptoccocus coliform totall 3. Register potential polluters in the environment. Start the activities 100,0 to remove the influence of these polluters. 90,0 4. Define zones of sanitary protec- 80,0 tion around the public fountains.

70,0 5. Gather available construction and 55,1 60,0 technical documents related to the existing public fountains under % 50,0 surveillance. Based on this, issue 40,0 property law decrees related to 30,0 20,1 18,5 the status of such facilities. Initiate 20,0 the procedure of changing the 6,3 10,0 status of public fountains so that they become public goods of 0,0 general importance. Graph 1. Causes of microbiological unsafety in the water from public fountains 6. In 2011, expand the existing nations, sighs should be placed on fountains in the Belgrade area (by program to examine the samples each facility that does not comply municipality). Make the Inventory from certain facilities by “major with water quality standards. of Public Fountains in Belgrade. (V)” analysis - in accordance with 8. Perform follow - up of the content 10. Continue systematic control hygiene and epidemiological of heavy metals and other con- of the quality of drinking water indicators. taminants found in the water of from public fountains and main- 7. Based on the results of laboratory certain public fountains. tain protection of public health. analyses, quality of the water from 9. Gather data related to the public fountains and field exami- number and locations of public

POLLUTION OF THE SOIL IN BELGRADE IN 2010

During the realziation of the Program “Examination of Pollution of the Soil in Belgrade in Scope of 2010“, we took 66 samples and submitted them to laboatory examinations. The samples Investigation were taken from 33 locations (spots). Within the Project, we stressed the need to research the content of hazardous and harmful substances in the soil, especially in the soil near public fountains with spring water. Our interest was to examine the soil in the zones of sanitary protection of the water source General Remarks for Belgrade Waterworks, from communal areas and along busy traffic arteries. The results show that in several locations we found aberrations in soil quality (content of hazardous and harmful substances, in relation to standards). In a majority of the samples, we registered aberrations in respect to the content of nickel. Most Frequent This is explained by specific geological/ chemical features of the surface layer of soil in the Pollutants 36 examined areas. In a smaller number of samples, we found elevated concentration of other pollutants- heavy

Other Pollutants metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd) and organic parameters (DDT, PAHs, hydrocarbon index C10-C40 and PCB).

Examination of the Soil Quality has THE AIM OF EXAMINATION OF SOIL n defining the measures to decrease been realized through the Program, POLLUTION pollution in the area of the city. based on the contract among the The program of Systematic Examina- The Program has several areas of City of Belgrade- Administration, tion of Soil Pollution in the Area of interest in 2010. The areas of interest Secretariat for the Environment and Belgrade enables realization of the were: Institute of Public Health of Belgrade. following aims: I. The soil within the Zone of Interpretation of results was done n determination of concentrations sanitary protection for the based on comparing them to norms of hazardous and harmful sub- source of water capture of the defined in Act on the Program of stances in the soil, Belgrade Waterworks, from System- Based Monitoring of Qual- n monitoring of the degree of pol- where we analyzed samples taken ity of Soil, Indicators for Estimate lution in urban zones, especially from 6 locations (in the area of the Risk of Soil Degradation and in the proper zone of sanitary river mouth). Methodology to Define Remedia- protection of the source of water II. The soil near busy traffic tion Programs ( “Official Herald RS, capture for the Belgrade Water- arteries, from where we analyzed no 88/ 2010”). works, 3 samples (the locations of Novi n processing of relevant information Beograd, Mirijevo and Leštane). and updating databases dealing III. The soil within communal with the degree of pollution and environments, from where we features of the soil, and analyzed 5 samples (the locations of Novi Beograd, Konjarnik, of sanitary protection for the source sources of pollution in urban areas Karaburma and Čubura). of water capture of the Belgrade influence the water-capturing zone for IV. The soil around public Waterworks, we did not register any public fountains. We also wanted to major aberrations in the examined make estimate of possible impacts of fountains, which consisted of parameter concentrations. such sources on safe drinking water. 19 locations: Topčider, Košutnjak, We found elevated values of It is significant that we found PCBs in Rakovica, Miljakovac, Jajinci, Beli hydrocarbons C10-C40 (mineral oils) and the soil near the fountain Zelenjak in Potok, Resnik, Žarkovo, Višnjička Cu in the soil near busy traffic arteries. Resnik. It has not been safe to use the banja, Kaluđerica, Leštane, Boleč This can be ascribed to the impact of fountain for a long time. There is a sign and Mali mokri Lug. motor vehicles on the soil along these nearby, with information „Water unsafe In 2010, according to the Program of routes. for drinking“. Systematic Examination of Soil Pollution In 2010, we focused on examination of We found no significant aberrations in the Area of Belgrade, we examined the content of hazardous and harmful from the values regulated by the 66 samples of the soil, taken from 33 substances in the soil near public relevant Act. In 2010, concentrations locations. fountains with spring water. Institute of of all parameters that had exceedances Public Health of Belgrade performed of LV did not reach the Remediation control in order to establish how the Value, given in the Act. INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS In 2010, increased content of nickel in the soil was most frequently seen 66 58 exceedance in our examinations. 56 Increased content of nickel in the 46 soil is related to specific geological/ 36 chemical composition of surface layers 26 19 in this area. It is not directly caused by 14 16 9 8 contamination of anthropogenic origin. 5 2 Regardless of soil composition, elevated 6 1 1 content of this type can be attributed -4 to pollution. Ni Zn Cu Pb Cd DDT PAU C10-C40 PCB In the locations that belong to Zone Graph 2. Exceedances per parameters 37 38 COMMUNAL NOISE IN BELGRADE

Communal noise mostly originates Both results are unfavorable, com- Urban Planning. Those spots have from traffic while industrial facili- pared to those obtained in 2009. been chosen to represent different ties, construction works, small- scale On the average, greatest exceeday- city zones of various purposes, laying economy and other activities are less ces were found in residential zones along major traffic arteries of the important as its sources. and these along traffic arteries. city. Zoning of Belgrade, with reference to noise, was done in 1984, only Introducing 24hr measuring rhythm Absolutely highest levels of noise in five municipalities. and an expanded procedure were registered in the streets of enabled us obtain more precise and Glavna and Krivolacka. The relevant Network of Measuring Spots reliable data concerning levels of level during the day reached 80 dB for Communal Noise communal noise, during the day and (A) and 76 dB (A) during the night. n Residential Area night. Day and night variations of the n Area near Traffic Routes The levels we have measured in 2010 equivalent noise level were especially n Urban center are still high (26 measuring spots for prominent in these streets that have n Industrial Zone the day and 29 measuring spots for traffic of small intensity. the night). They all exceed regulated n Hospitals Zone In 2010, the level of noise has usually values. been monitored in 30 reference n Schools Zone During the day, exceedayces are 0- spots, as agreed with the Secretariat n Recreational Zone 15 dB (A). During the night, they are for the Environment and Institute for 0-2-dB (A), depending on the zone. Table 4. Competent Levels of Noise, 2000-2010, Day and Night Measuring spot Measuring time 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 day 78 80 73 73 75 75 65 68 66 68 82 Bul. despota Stefana 122 night 74 73 69 67 68 70 59 65 63 64 76 day 70 68 67 68 67 68 70 68 66 Arsenija Čarnojevića 119 night 66 63 63 63 64 64 67 65 61 day 74 69 68 67 65 67 67 65 66 65 66 Blagoja Parovića 63 night 66 64 63 59 59 59 59 59 60 60 62 day 56 55 53 54 54 55 54 56 55 Borča, Bele Bartok 26 night 52 48 46 46 46 50 49 50 50 day 75 68 66 64 63 65 63 64 62 69 69 Bulevar Kralja Aleksandra 69 night 70 64 62 59 61 61 60 60 54 66 60 day 56 53 55 55 55 52 56 50 50 66 Gandijeva 77 night 53 53 49 50 47 45 49 46 47 54 day 65 62 65 63 63 67 70 70 60 Goce Delčeva 2 night 62 57 58 57 57 62 65 66 50 day 71 76 69 68 66 65 63 64 63 68 65 Dalmatinska 1 night 70 67 63 64 61 56 56 57 54 57 59 day 74 79 71 68 78 74 72 73 73 72 72 Zeleni Venac night 67 73 63 66 72 70 68 70 70 68 61 day 69 72 70 65 67 59 60 61 61 63 60 Jurija Gagarina 193 night 61 65 68 63 60 49 54 56 55 57 55 day 64 53 55 53 58 54 Kalemegdan night 51 54 51 50 47 46 day 67 64 63 64 63 75 75 74 73 Karađorđeva 23 night 60 55 59 59 58 70 71 69 69 day 56 57 57 55 57 57 56 54 58 Clinical Center, Višegradska 26 night 49 46 50 46 48 50 48 49 50 day 68 64 64 62 62 61 61 63 69 62 64 Kraljice Jelene 22 night 60 57 56 54 54 52 55 56 57 57 57 day 79 79 75 73 73 69 73 75 74 75 74 Krivolačka 5 night 73 73 70 66 70 63 69 71 70 71 70 day 72 76 69 67 68 67 66 67 67 62 66 Narodnog fronta 66 night 66 63 67 62 64 62 60 63 64 65 64 39 day 73 75 72 67 73 70 70 71 70 67 70 Nemanjina 2 night 64 68 56 68 64 64 64 66 66 56 66 day 54 55 56 55 50 51 Perside Milenković 9 night 48 47 50 48 64 50 day 66 64 59 65 59 64 65 59 66 Pohorska 4 night 54 53 50 54 55 54 58 56 59 day 55 66 54 56 57 57 56 60 50 55 Radojke Lakić 15 night 46 49 45 47 46 45 47 52 56 48 day 73 55 59 55 57 61 58 49 56 Stevana Filipovića 32 night 69 45 51 50 52 52 55 66 49 day 73 68 68 65 65 64 67 67 66 60 66 Ustanička 152 night 66 62 60 56 58 52 59 61 60 65 57 day 74 68 72 68 66 66 63 65 65 60 64 Uzun Mirkova 2 night 67 64 64 61 60 60 57 61 60 58 60 day 66 56 68 58 60 64 65 58 58 55 67 Zahumska night 54 53 67 43 43 50 61 49 50 69 65 day 73 76 64 68 66 62 58 68 65 65 75 Vojvode Stepe 64 night 68 56 63 62 61 60 49 63 60 73 71 day 80 75 74 71 72 73 68 71 73 70 61 Vojvode Mišića 43 night 75 71 71 66 69 68 63 68 70 56 51 day 52 57 57 71 57 56 49 73 Zemun, Grammar school night 35 46 44 68 50 46 73 68 day 77 75 78 74 75 73 57 75 73 73 73 Zemun, Glavna 28, night 67 71 73 68 68 69 50 70 68 69 68 day 70 63 62 61 75 60 66 67 66 Zemun, Ugrinovačka 147 night 64 53 54 55 70 54 61 65 61 day 55 60 54 57 58 59 Car Service Ford - Grmeč night 78 46 54 54 53 54 57 Engagement of Mobile Ecotoxicological Unit in 2010

40 in Chemical Accidents in Belgrade

Mobile Unit for Ecotoxicology or Interior Department for Emergen- quantify health and environmental Unit for Quick Response and Moni- cies, from other representatives risks - pollutants in the atmosphere. toring of Environmental Hazards has of the police forces, Serbian Eco- This relates to time during and been operating within the Center logical Inspection - Department after a chemical accident. It also for Ecotoxicology. It has been en- for the Control and Surveillance in determines the presence of other gaged as a standing unit for chemi- Accidents Management, Serbian pollutants in the atmosphere and cal accidents, identification and Ministry of the Environment and other substrates of the environment: quantification of environmental Spatial Planning, civilian ecological surface and underground water pollutants and risk assessment associations and societies of the city sources, soil and sediments of the in relation to human health and of Belgrade. rivers and other water bodies. the environment. Regulation concerning the content Mobile IPH Laboratory is also used Mobile Ecotoxicological Unit of Prevention of Accidents Policy to monitor the situation in the envi- (MEU) of Institute of Public Health (addenda 1 and 2), content and ronment not otherwise jeopardized of Belgrade receives calls for action methodology of Safety Reports and by accidents but by other sources through The Belgrade Information Accident Prevention Plan (“Official of pollution- stationary and mobile Center. Direct assignments, however, Herald RS”, no 41/ 10) define assign- facilities. It also covers other types of come to the Unit through the fol- ments of all professional bodies in handling of hazardous and harm- lowing bodies and services: Ecologi- cases of emergencies and accidents. ful substances. Mobile Ecotoxico- cal Inspection, Sector for Inspection In accidental situations and emer- logical unit, which covers the area of Services- Secretariat for the Environ- gencies, Mobile Ecotoxicological Belgrade, is comprised of a medical ment of the Belgrade City Assembly, Unit of Institute of Public Health of doctor-specialist in hygiene, a chem- representatives of Ministry of the Belgrade is prepared to identify and ist, technologist and senior sanitary technician. The team has been vey ous substances or to impact such There were two chemical accidents experienced in the issues of chemi- substances may have had on the related to improper storage, han- cal accidents and communal pollu- substrates of the environment. dling, transportation and final tion issues. Chemical accidents related to road disposal of waste. On December In 2010, MEU had seven interven- transportation and transportation 15, 2010, there was an accident re- tions (measuring of emission values of harmful and hazardous substanc- lated to improper disposal of seven of harmful and hazardous sub- es (such as oil derivatives) have been 200- liter volume barrels of medical stances from heating plants within most frequently registered in recent waste. They were dumped in the primary schools, vocational and high years. In 2010, we registered Danube, near the surface water schools, one hotel and two health seven chemical accidents related capture belonging to the Vinca care facilities). All facilities were in to working process within in- Waterworks. the municipalities of greater and dustrial facilities. Generally, these In all reported and processed ac- proper Belgrade. may be qualified as lesser ones, with cidents in 2010, there were injured limited impact on substrates of the In 2010, Mobile Ecotoxicological persons: with minor wounds, environment. Unit of Institute of Public Health of intoxication or low- degree burns. Belgrade had 19 field interventions, An important industrial accident However, there were no lethal threat to the soil had occurred in was fire that occurred in the “Nelt” outcomes. the coastal area of the Sava River, Firm warehouse in Dobanovci. A Head of MEU was participant in the in the zone of protection for water huge amount of cardboard and pa- event organized by NATO, “Science capture performed by the Belgrade per packing material was destroyed for Peace and Security Programme- Waterworks. The accident that in the fire. Irreparable damage also Bioweapons Preparedness and occurred was related to the hit 3,000 square meters of the stor- Response”. The event took place in pouring of 7 tons of crude oil age area. Serbian Academy of Sciences and from a tank truck, as the conse- Leaking of approximately 400 kg Arts in Belgrade, from November 15 quence of a car accident on the of ammonium was registered as to 17, 2010. There were presentations Umka - Obrenovac highway. industrial accident, in the slaughter- by countries of the EU, countries of There were four accidents in 2010 house “Imes” PKB by the Zrenjanin the SEE and the Balkans related to highway. preparedness of healthcare services that were related to type of trans- 41 portation of harmful and hazard- and other state facilities in cases of emergencies posed by bioterrorism.

Addenda Chemical Accidents in Belgrade in 2010 No Description of Accident Date Location Poisoning of stray dogs by creosan in 58 Uciteljska Str, Municipality of Zvezdara, 1 Jan 14, 2010 Municipality of Zvezdara 58 Uciteljska Str Poisoning of pets and stray dogs in the school yard of Municipality of Zvezdara, 2 Jan 16, 2010 PS “Cirilo and Metodije” Uciteljska Str Municipality of Novi Beograd, Pouring of crude oil and an oil stain (6-10 m in length) Apr 13, coastal zone of the Sava, from 3 in the Sava. The stain streches from “Novi Beograd 2010 Novi Beograd Heating Plant to “Heating Plant to Block 45 Block 45 Pouring of 7 t of crude oil from the tank truck, after a Municipality of Obrenovac, May 14 to 4 road accident on the road Umka- Obrenovac, in the the village of Duboka, near the 19, 2010 coastal area of the Sava Belgrade- Obrenovac highway Sinking of the Rumanian barge with 1,000 t of nitrogen June 1 to 2, Municipality of Palilula, 500 m 5 fertilizer, after it had hit the pillar of the Pancevo Bridge 2010 under the Pancevo Bridge on the Danube Poisoning of stray dogs and cats in 28 Veljka Dugos- June 7, Municipality of Zvezdara, 6 evica Str, Municipality of Zvezdara 2010 28 Veljka Dugosevica Str Pollution of the Topciderska Rivulet and occurrence of navy blue color in the water stream, approx. 1 km Aug 6 to 7, Municipality of Rakovica, 7 upstream from the flow of Rakovica Stream to the 2010 7- 13 Patrijarha Dimitrija Str Topciderska Rivulet. The color originated from “Ju- niriks” Firm Leaking of propane- butane from a vehicle in 39 Vida- Aug 11, Municipality of Rakovica, 8 kovacki venac Str, Municipality of Rakovica 2010 39 Vidakovacki venac Str Chemical pollution of the Vukicevica Rivulet, nearby the village of Orasac, spreading several km to its flow Aug 17, Municipality of Obrenovac, 9 to the Sava. The accident was followed by killing of the 2010 village of Orasac fish Municipality of Palilula, Leaking of approx. 400 kg of ammonia, from the PKB Padinska skela, The PKB Imes 10 “Slaughterhouse “compressor cold storage plant. In Sep 9, 2010 slaughterhouse Complex, by Zrenjanin highway the Zrenjanin highway Report of unpleasant smells, characteristic to decom- position of organic matter in a wider area of Visnjica, Sep 20 to Municipalities of Zvezdara, 11 Zvezdara, Novi Beograd, Zemun, Palilula, originating Oct 12, Novi Beograd, Zemun and from the coastal area of the Sava and Danube (due to 2010 Palilula unfavorable weather conditions) Air pollution by benzene (5- 25 µg/m3), in settlements Oct 11 to 12, Municipality of Palilula - set- 12 of Ovca and Borca, originating from operations of the 2010 tlements of Ovca and Borca Pancevo Southern Industrial Zone Numerous reports and complaints of the public, con- Oct 12, Municipality of Zvezdara, 13 cerning unpleasant smells (characteristic of chemicals) 2010 Palilula ans Cukarica in the air of Palilula, Zvezdara, Banovo brdo 42 Leaking of crude oil (approx. 10 l) from a fuel- carrying Oct 17, Municipality of Vozdovac, 14 vehicle, on the road, during transportation. In Bulevar 2010 Bulevar oslobodjenja nn oslobodjenja nn, Municipality of Vozdovac Leaking of transformer oil (approx. 1 l) contaminated Municipality of Stari grad, by pyralene, from a used transformer station, during 15 Dec 4, 2010 junction of streets Cara Du- transportation, at the junction of streets Tadeusa Kos- sana and Tadeusa Koscuska cuska and Cara Dusana, Belgrade Fire in the “Nelt” warehouse, in Dobanovci, 265 Marsala Municipality of Surcin, Indus- 16 Tita Str., with demolition of approx. 3, 000 m2 of space trial zone, “Nelt” warehouse and huge quantities of cardboard packaging and paper Measuring and identification of unknown gaseous sub- Dec 11, 17 stances in a residential building, in 89 Zorana Djindjica Municipality of Novi Beograd 2010 Str, originating from the heating plant station Irregular disposal of seven barrels with medical waste, Dec 15, 18 Municipality of Grocka in the Danube, near Vinca settlement 2010 Pollution of the environment by unknown chemical, Dec 20, Municipality of Zemun, 19 left on the ground in order to poison pets and stray 2011 10 Vukova Str animals MONITORING AND ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS IN PREVENTION AND HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT

Healthy and safe environment is one communications and relations with National Action Plan for the Envi- of the prerogatives of World Health the public. It is very important to ronment and Children’s Health is an Organization within the program educate all participants in the “Sys- important strategic public health “Health for All 21”. Aiming at pro- tem of environmental and health document, which defines relevant tecting health of the populations, indicators” about the practical as- measures and activities based on it stresses that everyday exposure pects and options it offers. Founding principles of multidisciplinary and to concentrations of pollutants the system of indicators, according cross- sectoral cooperation. It sets should not exceed the prescribed to WHO recommendations and priorities, defined as four priority limits. In order to provide data on methodology, is a necessary step goals, previously accepted at the concentrations of pollutants in the towards promotion of public health Fourth Ministerial Conference on environment, and consequently, in our country. the Environment and Health, as analyze them and provide measure- The Fourth Ministerial Conference unanimous priority goals for the ments, as risk factors in relation to dedicated to the Environment was European Region. health, we should found a system held in Budapest in 2004. It was or- Regional Priority I - Water and of environmental monitoring. The ganized by World health Organiza- Sanitation; Regional Priority II data obtained through this system tion. There, the participating health - Accidents, injuries and Physical should be available and used to and environment ministers signed Activity; Regional Priority III - Air interconnect the wider notion of the Ministerial Declaration “For the Quality, and Regional Priority IV “Monitoring system of environment Future of Our Children”. Creation of - Chemical, Physical and Biological and health”. national environmental and health Agents and Occupational Health. Environmental monitoring provides action plans for children was defined We have thus created a solid legal data on the state of the environ- as one of the assignments from the base (Law on Public Health) as ment. It informs the professionals Declaration, on the national level. a good methodological guide 43 about the presence of health risk National Committee for Children’s’ through Strategy of Public Health factors in a population. We need Health and the Environment has and Action Plan for the Environ- health indicators to provide political defined Action Plan for the Environ- ment and Children’s Health. In this decision- making based on the infor- ment and Health of the Children. manner, we shall be able to pro- mation obtained from this system The document was further adopted mote the health of this population, and to improve the communica- by the Serbian Government in through application of the above tions with the public. October 2009. This Plan defines strategic documents and systematic Indicators are a powerful instru- priorities, defined as four priority activities. ment in communication for policy goals . These goals have served as a management in environmental pro- framework to define activities within tection. They enhance professional the Republic of Serbia. Dr Snežana Matić-Besarabić, MD

photo: nebojša čović PUBLIC UTILITIES OF BELGRADE IN THE PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

ORGANIZATIONS OF ASSGNMENTS IN n Botanical Garden “Jevremovac” n Belgrade Roads Public service RELATION TO THE ENVIRONMENT n Turist organization of Belgrade company The following services have been n Communal and construction n Belgrade Waterworks and Sewage performing the asignments in the public service company area of environmental protection: affairs n Department for Inspections n City Hygiene public service com- n PUBLIC UTILITY ”Srbija Sume”, the pany Beograd Holding, Forest Holding n Sub-department for urban plan- “Beograd” ning, comunal and construction n Belgrade Parks public service affirs company n The Serbian Institute for the Pro- n Ada Ciganlija tection of Nature n Independent advisors for ecology (or the like)

THE BELGRADE POWERHOUSE PUBLIC UTILITY

Introduction measuring immision and emission. In Conclusions Within the remote heating system, recent years, we have expanded our Based on the new regulations, we “Belgrade Powerhouse PU” has been engagement to other aspects of en- shall have directed all activities generating heat in hot boilers. The vironmental protection- waste, soil toward fulfilling the conditions to heat is then distributed through quality and noise. We have entrust- obtain integrated permits. Those the network of hot water pipelines, ed accredited, registered laboratories are necessary for the performance delivered to the customers and 44 with the assignment of measuring of heating plants. According to the in measured quantity. The system those. In the process, we have been currently installed power of our of remote heating has three units: applying relevant regulations and EU heating sources, we need to obtain thermal sources, used for the pro- Directives. In a geographical plan of nine integrated permits (the Zemun duction of heat energy; distributive Belgrade, we have shown our major Heating Plant will have undergone network of pipes for its transporta- heating sources, with the network tion, and primary stations, located of remote heating. Monitoring reconstruction). Those permits will in the facilities of our consumers. and follow-up of air pollution and have provided utilization of best There, through such stations, we wastewaters are done in the marked available techniques. Since the BATs measure and deliver thermal energy. locations. For the measuring of are expensive, the sum cannot be Monitoring dust- like substances, we have had compensated from the “Belgrade Since 1980, “Belgrade Powerhouse measuring points installed in the Powerhouse PU” business opera- PU” has been undertaking the following heating stations: Konjarnik, tions, regardless of the benefits that analysis and remediation of its Banovo brdo, Dunav, Resnik, Zemun, will have been obtained within the wastewaters. We have also been Mladenovac and Banovci. system of environmental protection.

THE CITY WE DESIRE SUSTAINABILITY BASED ON KNOWLEDGE - PUBLIC TRAFFIC

The Present its radial disposition. Merging and Out of 617 km of the streets, as Basic features of the existing road connecting of primary traffic routes much as 67% have only one-way and street network of Belgrade is have been realized in the central track per direction. The situation zone of the city. is even more difficult when we know that approximately 90% of n decreasing the scope of traffic in 3. Improving public transportation the vehicles in the center have been road and street networks, (purchase of new, low-floor bus- parked on the sidewalks and pave- n enhancing the appeal of public ses, tramways and trolleybuses) ments at the same time. transportation in relation to pas- 4. Reconstruction of tramway tracks General aims of development of the senger vehicle transportation, and power networks. traffic system in Belgrade: n restoring the streets to their basic n inclusion of Belgrade in the function - unhindered and safe WHAT THE CITY NEEDS AND HAS NOT European network of multimodal movements of pedestrians and YET BEEN DONE traffic knots, vehicles, 1. Metro n creation of the conditions to n decreasing harmful impacts traffic 2. Distributive ring develop traffic as a significant has on individuals and the environ- economic activity of the city, ment, natural, cultural and historic 3. Taxes for entering the city center n (internal and external) connecting heritage, and 4. Finalization of Works in the Train of all types of networks, n rational utilization of financial and Station “Beograd- Prokop” n harmonization among and be- material resources. 5. Leaving out of poor-quality fossil fuels tween all types of traffic, The Activities carried out so far 6. Introduction of alternative fuels: n optimal connecting of all city func- 1. Campaign “No cars in the Center biogas, biodiesel, ethanol tions through traffic, of the City” 7. Introduction of Euro 5 and 6 fuels n effective and rational utilization of 2. Decreasing the parking fee traffic capacities, 8. Supportive measures for greater n increasing the levels of services and use of hybrid vehicles. safety in traffic,

PROTECTION AND PROMOTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT IN THERMAL POWER STATIONS “NIKOLA TESLA” A and B 45

Monitoring of environmental 2. Periodical mandatory measurements, COOPERATION WITH LOCAL AUTHO- impact of thermal power stations in cooperation with authorized RITIES AND BODIES OF THE CITY AND facilities: SERBIAN ADMINISTRATION “Nikola Tesla” A (TENT A) and B (TENT B) has been performed by an n wastewater quality generated in During 2010, TENT has continued authorized Environmental Impact TENT A and B and their impact on its cooperation with the bodies of Assessment Service within the surface and underground water Belgrade and Serbian administration. TENT. (Institute for General and Physical In order to submit regular informa- Chemistry) tion to the public and professional In 2010. they have performed the bodies, we have regularly submitted following: n Individual measurements of emission of harmful and hazardous our reports. 1. Internal measurements, related to: substances to the air (Institute for MONTHLY REPORT: Impact of n the quality of ground layer of the Mining - Zemun) TENT on Ambient Air in Obrenovac air, immision in the surrounding of n Radioactivity as occupational and and surrounding settlements. The TENT A and B - on a daily basis; environmental hazard (Institute for Report is submitted to: n the quality of surface and ground Nuclear Energy- Vinca) n Ministry for the Environment and water - once a month, n Impact assessment of the slag Spatial Planning n monitoring of performance of EF and waste heaps of TENT A and n Agency for the Environment, and on a daily basis B on the soil and the amelioration n Municipality of Obrenovac (Ser- canals’ waters (Institute for the vice for the Environment), and Soil- Belgrade). n The Obrenovac Fund for the Environment. ACTIVITIES IN ADA CIGANLIJA 2010: PROTECTING AND PROMOTING THE ENVIRONMENT

We had numerous assignments The area had undergone rough Macrophytes, we have been reaping in 2010. that were related to the planning. In 120 hectares, we have the weed under the water. promotion of environment in Ada removed PET bottles, aluminum and Within the actions concerning Ciganlija. other types of communal waste. regular preparations of the bath- We have planted 118 trees and cov- Institute of Public Health of Belgrade ing area for the coming season, we ered additional 1,500 m2 by peren- has been performing regular control placed the new layers of gravel and nial plants. Another 650 m2 have of the Sava Lake. The results show performed preparations for weed been planted with seasonal flowers. that the water is of class I and II. So control. The workers of PU “Ada About 4,500 m2 of grass-covered far, no presence of causative agents Ciganlija” have been maintaining area has been restored. Ten hectares of diseases has been recorded. communal hygiene in 80 hectares of of the area have been prepared for In accordance with the Environmen- the beach. Their diligence made this recreation by removing communal tal Study concerning the Control of recreational area a pride of Belgrade. waste and huge quantities of weed. Eutrophization and Production of

ACTIVITIES OF MUNICIPAL WASTE SERVICES “GRADSKA CISTOCA”

During 2010., Public Utility “Gradska n tank trucks for safe drinking water; tion and categorization of the waste cistoca” has organized numerous industrial water (used for cleaning will result in a healthier and cleaner activities aimed at a healthier and the streets) for automated lifters, environment of Belgrade. cleaner Belgrade. In many others, it 46 n communal upgraded devices for We have installed 39 recycling points has participated under the auspices fecal water tank trucks for auto- throughout the city. of other city authorities.The Utility mated lifters, Our plan is to add 99 such points. took efforts to renew itsmechani - n communal upgraded devices for zation. In order to make recycling and sepa- fecal water tank trucks for auto- ration of the waste more appealing, 3 MECHANIZATION mated lifters (5m volume), “Gradska cistoca” has initiated a We have introduced a state- of n communal upgraded devices for campaign under the slogan “Clean the-art mechanization. It enabled us safe drinking water tank trucks for or dirty - it’s not the same”. We attain better effects of our busi- automated lifters (5m3 volume). covered every primary school by ness, with less physical effort of the the campaign . “Gradska cistoca” has RECYCLING POINTS AND employed. In 2009/2010., we have EDUCATION supported the auction “Workshop introduced new trucks with side for Recycled Dolls”, aimed at the In order to be as close to the city load and 3.2 m3 containers. The children aged 8-12, as a part of a population and raise public aware- advantage is that the truck needs huger project of international sum- ness, Municipal Waste Services only one worker, i.e. the driver, to mer workshops. “Gradska cistoca” initiated a new empty it. project in 2009/2010. The drive The improvements were purchased encompassed placing of “Recy- WASTE CONTAINERS AND BINS for: cling Points” throughout the city. The 2010. Year Annual Plan is to n water cistern additions, Our aim is to initiate the opening introduce underground contain- of such points and introduce the n additions for tank trucks for waste ers and the suitable technology for European standards in the area of water and fecal water for roll kip- emptying them and remove the waste management. This, in turn, will pers, waste to proper landfills. have decreased the pressures put on the city landfill in Vinca. Separa- PUBLIC UTILITY “SRBIJASUME”, the Beograd Holding, Forest Holding “Beograd”

Recreational forests maintenance Stepin lug, Tresnja, and the forest There are ten new direction signs has been financed by the City along the Beograd-Sid highway. and three info points. Fifteen old Administration, Secretariat for Com- Based on the 2009./2010. Program direction signs have been replaced. munal ASffairs and Housing. Field for the Protection and Develop- We have also renovated the assignments have been entrusted ment of Landscapes of Extremely pedestrian path, from the bus stop upon the PU “Srbijasume”, Forest fine Characteristics, Avala and (in the foot of Avala Mountain) Holding of Belgrade. Kosmaj, financed by the City admin- to the downward road. Another Pleasing surrounding in these forests istration- Secretariat for the Environ- reconstruction is on the way: it will has been created by numerous mental Protection, PU “Srbijasume”, improve the path for pedestrians activities of our workers. They plant Forest Holding “Beograd” has been from the “Beograd” Hostel and the flowers, rake and cut grass, take active and realized all anticipated “Sakinac” spring. care of hygiene in all recreational assignments. Thanks to a good cooperation with areas. We have standing rotation In “Avala”, we have stressed the need local administration offices and hours of duty. We have been taking to equip the surface of the forest schools in the foot of Avala, we have care of public fountains and toilets, with new items for children. We organized education of the popula- springs, ditches and road canals. have installed six see-saws, eight tion, related to protective environ- Plants around monuments and swings, two climbers and two play mental measures and development memorials are also under our care. structures. We have also made a bas- of the protected natural good. In winter, we remove snow and take ketball field with one hoop, summer In the end, we wish to stress devot- care of man- made rustic addition school made entirely of wood and a edness and dedication of our guards’ components around monuments. mini-mall, with five wooden shacks. services in both protected areas. There are eleven recreational forests In order to offer comprehensive They are an indispensable factor in around Belgrade - Avala, Kosutnjak, information about the “Avala” Forest keeping the exquisite areas under Ada Ciganlija, Miljakovac, Kosmaj, we have placed a 3 x 2 m post with protection and open for further Obrenovacki zabran, Bojcin, Makis, 47 “Forest Rules” and a three-dimen- development as landscapes of sional depiction of the mountain. extraordinary characteristics.

PUBLIC UTILITY FOR THE MAINTENANCE OF GREEN AREAS “Zelenilo Beograd”

“With you, because of you” sanitation facilities. We also have Public Utility for the Mainte- We are a public utility that has been own production and repair shops nance of Green Areas “Zelenilo maintaining public green areas in for the maintenance of devices Beograd” the ten municipalities of our city. located in parks for play, recreational n forests - parks, whose main- The PU was founded in 1929. Today, or resting purposes. One of our tenance is entrusted to Public we have 1, 253 employees: 148 with prominent assignments relates to Utilities “Srbijasume” and “Zelenilo a University degree (mostly engi- flower and decorative plant growing, Beograd”, in accordance with the neers of forestry, Department of and seeding. Serbian Law on Forests, and Landscape Architecture; and other According to the City Decree n special public green areas types of engineers and architects). on the Maintenance of Public (within schools; business, health- At our disposal, we have 12 hectares Green Areas, the assignment is a care, educational and cultural fa- of open land for plant production communal one, of special interest. cilities; terrains for physical culture; and 7, 000 m2 of the area covered The area of Belgrade is divided in: green areas within graveyards, bo- by greenhouses.The Utility has been n public green areas, which are tanical gardens, zoos, arboretums, founded as a public one, to keep maintained by and entrusted to tree nurseries and seed plots). The and maintain green areas and public maintenance of such special public Activities in the Area of Environmental population and evaluation of the green areas has been entrusted Promotion event. to the entities, which are using or Reading Municipality Reports on Many educational workshops have managing them. the State of The Environment in been organized in each municipality 2010. it can be noticed that each of in accordance with their spcific envi- them had careffuly made yearly Plan ronmental problems and priority. ACTIVITIES OF MUNICIPALITIES IN THE for the protection of the environ- PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Activities related to Environmental ment with the content of activities. Jurisdiction of local government in Projects In order to raise aweareness about the territory of Belgrade has been In 2010. projects were directed the importance of the protection carried out within 17 muunicipalities. towards concrete issues: regulation of the environment and its promo- Numerous features among munici- of wastewaters, activities in order to tion, municipalities mark the events palities differ great deal (like terrian dimnish open-space uncontrolled related to the issue. They are marked characteristics, urban issues, popula- landfields, recycling of plastic waste, through festivals and activities tion density, purpose and utilization elestronic waste, importance of con- in shools, preschool facilities, art of the land, demographic structure, trolling and decreasing air pollution; workshops, through open-space quality of the environment) and are establishing monitoring of the air programs. allvery heterogeneous. That is why pollution where indicated (Ob- municipal issues are grouped as: Environmet-related activities also renovac, Lazarevac), makeing LEAP; rural ones, mixed rural-urban and encompass competition for the many activities in zoological hygiene; urban municipalities. best-arranged and kept courtyard, bringing up the strategic environ- street window; lectures on the green. mental impact assessment issues to Everey specific activity had its at- the public opinion, with the respect tractive marketing name, time-table, of given suggestions by the public name of the main organizer, target (inhabitans directly engaged).

48 photo: nebojša čović REGIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL CENTER

The Regional Environmental Center for Central and Eastern Europe The Regional Environmental Center countries which are: Albania, Bosnia to fight climate change, within the for Central and Eastern Europe and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Subregional Virtual Climate Change (REC) is a non-partisan, non-advo- the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hun- Center for SEE. At the end of 2009 cacy, not-for-profit international gary, Latvia, Lithuania, FYR Macedo- REC and Serbian Agency for Envi- organisation with a mission to assist nia, Montenegro, Poland, Romania, ronmental Protection have signed a in solving environmental problems Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia and Turkey. contract on cooperation. Number in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). of documents which clarified ways The center fulfils this mission by of cooperation between REC and Country Office Serbia promoting cooperation among local communities, national parks, non-governmental organisations, The REC is officially present in Serbia NGOs, educational institutions, governments, businesses and other since April 1997, while the Office in media and other stakeholders were environmental stakeholders, and Serbia and Montenegro exists since signed and implemented. May 1998. Currently, REC office in by supporting the free exchange of information and public participation Serbia is functioning based on the in environmental decision-making. Agreement on legal status of the REC in Serbia, signed in June 2008 The REC was established in 1990 REC with the Government of the by the United States, the European Republic of Serbia. Contacts: Commission and Hungary. Today, the REC is legally based on a charter The Regional Environmental signed by the governments of 28 Strengthening cooperation Center for Central and Eastern Europe countries and the European Com- In recent years REC put a lot of em- Country Office Serbia 49 mission, and on an international phases on strengthening coopera- agreement with the government of tion with partnering institutions in Kosovska 17/VI Hungary. Republic of Serbia. In this respect, 11000 Belgrade The REC has its head office in Szen- REC and Hydrometeorological E-mail: [email protected] tendre, Hungary, and country offices Service of Serbia in 2008 have signed www.rec.rs and field offices in 17 beneficiary contract on establishing joint office www.rec.org

photo: nebojša čović INSTITUT OF PUBLIC HEALTH of BELGRADE

INSTITUTE OF PUBLIC HEALTH: ment, and give recommendations Center for Eco-toxicology: WHAT IT IS, WHAT IT DOES for preventive and mitigation mea- Deals with examination of hazard- The Institute has approximately sures. The Center monitors the level ous wastes, determines caracteriza- 400 employees: 67 medical doctors of communal noise. tion and categorization of it, gives of various specialties and a great recomendations for handling, and number of health care associates Laboratory for Human Ecology treatment of solid and liquid waste. with high school education- chemi- and Ecotoxicology Performes collecting, recycling, cal engineers, chemists, biologists, Laboratory for Human Ecology and destroying and final disposal of environment protection engineers, Ecotoxicology was among the first medical waste form medical and pharmacists and programmers, In Republic of Serbia to be accred- other health institutions.Center has who contribute to professional and ited according to ISO 17025. Labora- been appointed responsible for the scientific approach to the health tory determines a large number of function of Ecotoxicological Center and environmental protection and inorganic and organic compaunds in for the city of Belgrade. Formed promotion. After a year of prepara- samples of air, water, soil, sediments Mobile Ecotoxicological Units (MEJ) tion, the Institute has accomplished and biological material. take active part in prevention, and a process of standardization to preperadness to chemical accidents, SRPS/ ISO 9001:2001 and SRPS/ ISO IPH laboratory is one of the most gives measures for remediation, and 14001:2004. advanced in the field of environ- sanitation. mental trace analysis. Laboratory has some of the most sophisticated and Center for Hygiene and Human advanced instrumentation on the Ecology market in accordance with EN ISO/ 50 Multidisciplinary teams prepare, SRPS 17025. IPH Laboratory carry make plans and set up programs for out sampling and analysis, instru- monitoring of the environmental ment callibration, maintenance and media: water, air and soil in urban international inter-calibrarion. and rural settlements. Registers, collect and evaluates data about health risk factors present in the environ- photo: nebojša čović Clinical Center of Serbia Institute of Occupational and Radiological Health “Dr. Dragomir Karajović” Deligradska 29, Belgrade, Serbia Tel: +381 11 2685 485 Fax: + 381 11 2643 675

WHO Collaborating Center

Institute of Occupational Health in Organization The Institute has contributed to the Belgrade is the national institute of The main departments of the Insti- international field by: Serbia. It has been founded in 1953 tute are as follows: n Being one of the WHO col- by Serbian Ministry of Health. Today, I Center for Occupational Dis- laborating center in occupa- it is a part of the Clinical Center of eases and Toxicology tional health Serbia, and WHO Collaborating n Organizing eight international Center in Occupational Health. II Center for Occupational Health courses in toxicology for de- III Center for assessment of fitness veloping countries sponsored for work Main tasks by WHO, Yugoslav and the IV Center for Occupational Health n Reference institution for occu- Netherlands governments Development and International pational health care of working n Experts from the Institute par- Relations population ticipated in the development V Center for Ionizing and Non- n Doctrinaire and methodologi- of occupational health and spe- Ionizing Radiation Protection cal activities in the field of oc- cific toxicological laboratories cupational health in India, Tunisia, Algeria, Egypt, Greece and other countries n Occupational medical care Employees worldwide and introduction of new The total number of personnel is 51 methods in diagnostic, therapy 149, out of which there is: 38 physi- n Performing the collaboration and rehabilitation in the field cians, 21 graduates (technologists, with the Russian Federation, of occupational diseases and physicists, engineers, biochemists, Germany, Sweden, Finland, work-related diseases pharmacologists, etc.), 56 nurses, Czech Republic, Poland and other countries through n Protection from ionizing and among others. scientific visits, joint projects, non-ionizing radiation in health Out of the total number of employ- participation at international care workers ees: 56 are specialists, 6 subspecialists, congresses and symposia, 12 with Ph. D.and n Scientific and research projects exchange of scientific literature n Education and training in occu- 12 with MSc degrees. and other. pational health and related fields International collaboration

photo: nebojša čović INSTITUTE OF PUBLIC HEALTH of SERBIA “Dr Milan Jovanović Batut“

Institute of Public Health of Serbia Institute is involved in desingning Apart form other activities, the „Dr Milan Jovanovic Batut“ is the the health care policy the strate- Institute is a teaching base for certain public health institution which gies, organization and health system subjects at the Schools of Medicine, performs the tasks of common devlopment. Dental Medicine, and Pharmacy of concern and interest in the area of The Institute coordinates and partic- the University of Belgrade, Novi Sad, health care in the Republic of Serbia. ipates in the implementation of the Nis and Kragujevac. The specific areas of health activities special health care programmers in The Institute has about 250 em- covered by the institute are epidemi- the population, which are brought ploeeys: health workers and health ology, hygiene and human ecol- by the government of Serbia. co-workers, and workers of various ogy, social medicine, organization It also coordinates activities and other profiles. Out of them, 132 have of health care and health services, devlopment of the network of 23 university-level education among health statistics and informatics, regional public-health Institutes of which there are 61 specialist in health educating etc. Serbia. preventive medicine, stomatology, The Institute is the professional and pharmacy, and 40 are university- methodological, and the scientific level co-workers. and educational institution for the areas covered by. As a reference proffessional and methodological institution, the

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502.175(497.11) “2010” (036)

ENVIRONMENT in the city of Belgrade : 2010 / [authors Snežana Matić-Besarabić . . . et al.] ; editorial board Marija Grubačević, Snežana Matić-Besarabić, Radomir Mijić ; translation Vesna Dražilović-Dadić]. - Belgrade : Secretariat for Environmental Protection : Institute of Public Health : The Regional Environ- mental Center, CO Serbia, 2011 (Belgrade : Standard 2). - 52 str. : ilustr. ; 30 cm Izv. stv. nasl.: Kvalitet životne sredine grada Beograda; odlomci. -Na vrhu nasl. str.: City Assembly of Belgrade. - Podaci o autorima preuzeti iz kolofona. - Tekst štampan trostubačno. - Tiraž 650. - Str. 4-6: Our Heritage: On the Path of Natural Biodiversity / Goran Trivan.

ISBN 978-86-7550-068-1 (REC) 1. Matić-Besarabić, Snežana [аутор] [уредник] a) Животна средина - Контрола - Београд - 2010 - Водичи COBISS.SR-ID 183963916