Celebrating Four Decades of Policy Shaping Projects

European Edition Issue 48 August 2016

The Review

Spotlight Urban Planning Major Developments Celebrating four Significant projects A complete streets How new transport that have helped approach to schemes can help decades of policy shape government address health deliver more homes policy across the issues and help and jobs. shaping projects globe. make cities more liveable.

steergroup.com 2 the review August 2016

Welcome New faces Philip Rust We publish this edition of not long after the Director the Review Philip Rust joins our London-based conclusion of the UK’s referendum on membership to the EU. Planning team. With over 33 years While much of the commentary regarding this outcome has of experience in transport and development planning, he has managed many mixed use focused on change and uncertainty, we at Steer Davies Gleave regeneration schemes within the public are not losing sight of the ongoing role of transport and the need and private sectors. He also has a wealth of experience in the development of transport to find effective solutions for communities, investors, operators accessibility strategies and the design of new and governments. Without question the UK, Europe and North highway infrastructure. America face common issues. As a multinational company Anita Mauchan with deep European heritage, our approach is to recognise the Director Anita rejoins us after seven years scale and complexity of these challenges and to utilise the full of working for a range of clients breadth of our global knowledge base to provide the very best in the field of demand forecasting and policy advice. She joins our Leeds office as a Director advice to all of our clients. This way of working, as an integrated in the Planning team. She is a specialist in multinational company, is one of our core values and one that directing traffic and appraisal studies for major infrastructure projects, advising regional and will continue as we grow and expand our European operations. national governments, concessionaires, private sector clients and project lenders including the World Bank. Hugh Jones CEO Russell Yell Associate Director Russell joins our UK Planning team as an Associate Director. He has a wealth of experience advising on transport planning and urban mobility issues and has led the delivery of innovative and smart solutions to public and private sector clients internationally. At SDG he will further develop our Intelligent Mobility and Big Data insights offer. Sharon Daly Managing Director Alberto Preti Associate We are delighted to include the study Sharon led advising the Alberto Preti, who joins our announce the appointment National Infrastructure Commission on the Italian office in Bologna as an of Sharon Daly as case for Crossrail 2, and the TWA work she Associate, is an economist with expertise Managing Director for directed for Bank Station Capacity Upgrade in the management and coordination of our UK business. Sharon which went unopposed at public inquiry. complex national and international transport is an Australian-born At Steer Davies Gleave she has been a projects. He also has a deep understanding and management consultant pivotal senior member of management, experience with EU funding in transport. specialising in transport. An accountant by leading the UK Planning team’s success in training, her career began in government growing revenues and expanding its client Carl Pittam working for the Department for Transport in base. Now in her new role as Managing Associate South Australia, where she focused on forward Director, her remit will be to set out a vision Carl joins us as an Associate based investment strategies. She moved to the UK in for Steer Davies Gleave’s UK business and to in our London Planning team, to 2000, taking a leading role in the development ensure its continuing growth and success. develop our behaviour change, cycling, walking of transport strategy and planning at SDG. Sharon strongly believes that transport and urban realm capabilities. Carl played an Her career has spanned a range of high plays a fundamental role in shaping our influential role in the development of walking profile secondment positions, including roles communities and is passionate about ensuring and cycling infrastructure for the London 2012 at the Strategic Rail Authority, Merseytravel, transport has a positive impact on our living Olympic Games. In recognition of his role, he West of England Local Enterprise Partnership, spaces, environment and life opportunities was awarded the Sustainability Ambassador Cambridgeshire County Council, and London wherever we live. Award by LOCOG. Underground Limited. Recent highlights the review August 2016 3

Company updates

Smart and sustainable mobility in Europe Rugby World Cup journey planner Steer Davies Gleave recognised Steer Davies Gleave was present at this wins an Excellence award as Leading Technical Advisor year’s TEN-T Days 2016, an event that brings We were awarded the ‘Excellence in Travel The Infra Deals project finance and advisory together stakeholders who play a key role Information and Marketing’ award in this league tables, for all deals completed in Q1 in delivering the efficient transport network year’s edition of the London Transport 2016, were published earlier this month. that Europe needs: EU Ministers, Members Awards. The prestigious ceremony recognises The league tables show Steer Davies Gleave of the European Parliament, the European companies and individuals who are leading the as number three by deal value in the list Commission, the TEN-T Coordinators, the way in making a real difference to transport of global technical advisors. We provided European Investment Bank, Ministers from across the city of London. SDG was recognised support to three of their ‘notable deals’: Europe’s neighbouring countries and the for the design and development of the Rugby • M7 Airport Link, Brisbane, Australia whole TEN-T stakeholders community. World Cup Journey Planner, commissioned by (Acquirers Traffic Advisor) Jon Peters, Associate at SDG, presented England Rugby 2015 to support the transport • Pacifico 1: Colombia (SPV Traffic Advisor) the emerging findings of a study undertaken operations and communication activities of • SH288: Houston, Texas for the European Commission aimed at the Rugby World Cup 2015. (SPV Traffic Advisor) investigating possible solutions that could The tournament, deemed the most support the development of alternative fuel successful Rugby World Cup to date, used We were also involved in other important infrastructure along EU road corridors. He 13 venues spread across 11 different cities projects within the 13 closed deals, covering discussed – along with experts from the and saw an attendance of over 2.5 million a total investment of more than $2.5bn. European Commission and the European fans. Due to its nature, the normal transport Some of those projects include: Investment Bank – financial instruments that operations had to be changed at each venue. • Canberra Light Rail (SPV Technical Advisor) could help mitigate the existing financial This involved widespread alterations to car • PR-22, San Juan, Puerto Rico barriers (amongst other barriers such as parking, public transport and park and ride (Owners Traffic Advisor) technical or regulatory) that currently limit services. Given this complexity, the event • Mestre By-Pass, Italy (SPV Traffic investment in this area. organiser, England Rugby 2015, recognised and Technical Advisor) We also addressed the European the benefit in developing a World Cup specific Parliament Transport and Tourism Committee journey planner that would help inform users Well known already as the leading traffic and this spring to present an assessment of of their travel options in the build-up to the revenue advisor for transport projects across state of the art developments and future tournament, and provide travel guidance on the world, we are now building our portfolio perspectives of self-driving vehicles. The match days. – and reputation – in providing technical study’s recommendations contribute to The journey planner was well used support. Our recent work includes light rail the ongoing debate on policy actions and throughout the event. Around 500,000 users in Australia and Canada, roads in Ireland strategies taken at a European level on generated 600,000 journey plans. Surveys (ie. M11 and N25), locks and waterways in connected and automated vehicles. conducted by England Rugby 2015 after Belgium and airports in the United Kingdom each match showed how 90% of the users and elsewhere. SDG ranked in the top 20 companies consistently rated the journey planner as for graduates to work for being useful, very useful or extremely useful. Steer Davies Gleave has been continuously recognised by careers website The Job Crowd, as one of the top 100 companies in the UK for graduates to work for. The 2016/17 results proved no different, with the company being shortlisted for ‘Best Consultancy for Graduates to work for’. We also ranked in the Top 20 of the general list, our highest position yet, placing us alongside high profile names such as Microsoft, Asda and Volkswagen.

Looking to move? If you are considering your future and are looking for somewhere to make a real difference, Steer Davies Gleave has much to offer. The firm continues to grow in Europe, Asia and the Americas. To find out about the opportunities we have to suit you, visit our website: www.steerdaviesgleave.com/careers

Awarded Rugby World Cup journey planner 4 the review August 2016

Event management practice to reduce capacity constraints

Used by millions of passengers per day, UK public transport systems are in some instances facing major capacity constraints. With demand forecast to rise even further, they might soon reach maximum capacities. Large events add to the demand on already busy networks and therefore need to be properly managed. There are many useful lessons to be learnt from this.

By Simon Hall

Major events such as conventions, sport temporary wayfinding signage and sufficient in user behaviour, such as using a different competitions and music concerts can bring stewards, ensured that fans were aware station or mode of transport, the extent of together at specific times tens of thousands of the transport options available to them the impact on the site of the disruption and of people who need to move safely, adding and could plan alternatives accordingly. surrounding areas could be minimised. to the demand on an already busy network. Following the opening match of the As part of the planning for the Rugby World Our experience of managing these type of tournament, a serious incident occurred at Cup, SDG built a tool (TRACME) to forecast events has given us insights into best practice Twickenham station. A person accidentally passenger demand at the stations likely to on how to apply event management practices fell onto the rail tracks and the station be affected by the tournament. This tool to station operations to allow for public closed for over 45 minutes at peak egress helped transport operators plan for additional transport systems to run more efficiently while the emergency services acted. Trains capacity and identify when the capacity during times of disruption. were delayed for about an hour after the would be required before and after matches. In 2015, for example, SDG seconded a incident, which certainly caused difficulties Looking ahead, with today’s technology team to manage the transport operation at with considerable congestion. However, improving at a rapid rate, such demand Twickenham Stadium in London for the Rugby thanks to the comprehensive contingency forecasting tools could be improved with real World Cup. With ten matches at the stadium planning which took place before the start time data, gathered from mobile phones or and a capacity of 80,000 spectators, the team of the tournament, an effective strategy was ticket gatelines to help operators implement designed and managed a transport operation quickly put into place to manage spectators appropriate management strategies and covering over two million trips (audience to so that they were able to take alternative contingency plans. the stadium and the unticketed demand to routes, mitigating the disruption. Without SDG’s new Associate Director Russell the fanzone). this planning and the close liaison between Yell (see page 2) will be working with our Considerable planning ensured that the the Stadium Control Room staff and TfL’s Sports and Major Events team to develop capacity of Twickenham railway station was Control Centre, the situation would have been this integration further – ensuring that not exceeded and safety standards were much worse, with many spectators unlikely frustrating transport delays are reduced met at all times. Even with late kick-offs and to have found a way home that evening. and as much information as possible is matches finishing after 10pm, all spectators What happened that night, and how provided to the travelling customer. were able to return home thanks to the quickly event operators were able to react provision of additional capacity at nearby to it, show that detailed planning and To find out more contact: National Rail and London Underground effective management can help mitigate Simon Hall stations, as well as supplementary the impact of the incident on passengers. e [email protected] bus services. In addition, an enhanced Past experience from large scale events can communications strategy, which included help to inform operational decisions for the a web and mobile-based journey planner, future. By quantifying the extent of changes the review August 2016 5

Europe’s aviation strategy, what’s next?

Some significant challenges lie ahead for the European aviation industry. In order to try and address these, the European Commission plans to negotiate an ambitious package of external aviation agreements.

By Mark Scott

In December 2015, the European Commission published its aviation strategy. The document sets out how the Commission intends to deal with the main challenges facing the European aviation industry. As well as addressing internal challenges, including airport capacity constraints, and maintaining high standards in areas such as safety and passenger rights, the strategy aims to passenger airport, and by offering lower fares, Despite the planned fair competition clauses maintain Europe’s place as a leading player the major Gulf carriers (Emirates, Etihad and in the EU’s new external agreements, market in the international aviation market. Qatar Airways) have taken significant market liberalisation means that EU airlines will face A key part of achieving the last objective, share from European carriers on routes increasing competition from non-European is negotiating external aviation agreements between Europe and Asia. airlines with lower costs as well as, in the case with non-European Union countries, with the Many within the European aviation of the Gulf carriers, a geographical advantage. intention of: industry consider the Gulf carriers to be unfair This is something the Commission will have • promoting liberalisation of services; competition; it is alleged that their ability to consider and weigh against the benefits of • lowering prices for consumers; to offer lower prices than European carries increased business opportunities for European • providing business opportunities has been enabled by large state subsidies companies and lower fares for European for European companies; and and favourable terms of business from the consumers. • creating a clear regulatory framework airports in the Gulf. Both these claims are Although the European aviation industry for the aviation industry. denied by the carriers themselves. will continue to face challenges from Asia, Although the strategy document3 does well-designed external aviation agreements The EU already has external agreements not mention the Gulf carries explicitly, it containing fair competition clauses should with the US and Canada, among others, does note the importance of ‘guaranteeing lead to better services for European and intends to start negotiating new a level playing field’, or in other words, an consumers, and boost the European airline agreements with several countries environment in which all airlines follow the industry, by creating new opportunities within including the Association of Southeast Asian same rules and have an equal ability a clear and transparent regulatory framework. Nations1 (ASEAN), Turkey, China and the to compete. Gulf Cooperation Council States2 (GCC). By offering more liberal air transport To find out more contact: By seeking external agreements with agreements, which would allow the GCC Mark Scott these nations, the Commission is States’ airlines greater access to the European e [email protected] recognising their importance to the market, the Commission hopes it will be able future of the aviation industry. to negotiate fair competition clauses within Europe, after North America, has the agreements to ensure that EU carriers are traditionally been one of the world’s leading able to compete on an equal basis. These fair aviation regions, but in recent years the competition clauses would seek to establish industry’s centre of gravity has shifted east. transparent market conditions based on a 1 Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Dubai airport recently surpassed London Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam. clear regulatory framework. 2 Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates. Heathrow as the world’s busiest international 3 http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-15-6144_en.htm 6 the review August 2016

The image of the city

Many cities have invested in the creation of map databases to support the delivery of wayfinding systems. But, why would a city commit to such investment and effort, considering the availability of free mobile map services and widespread Open Data?

By Juan Pablo Rioseco © Toronto Transit Commission

American urban planner Kevin A. Lynch coined consistent network of maps and signs bus shelters posters combining walking maps the term wayfinding in his most famous reassures pedestrians and increases their with local transit information. Furthermore, work “The Image of the City” (1960). The confidence to explore. Additionally, design wayfinding maps were installed in Union book reports that users understand their mechanisms such as the inclusion of walking Station to welcome passengers arriving from surroundings in consistent and predictable time – as opposed to distance in meters – the airport to downtown Toronto via a third- ways, forming mental maps with five reduces the perception of the time required party map-sharing agreement with Union elements: paths, edges, districts, nodes and to make a journey on foot. Pearson Express. landmarks. Nowadays city wayfinding systems Walking is key to the success of multi- The consolidation of mapping assets in across the world – often known as ‘legible modal networks. Purposeful walking is a single database allows the authorities to city’ projects, named after the original Bristol required at both ends of a journey and in retain control over the map content and Legible City initiative – rely heavily on bespoke interchange environments, including those enables the production of printed and online maps to support the creation of mental maps. integrated into the urban realm. Effective products. Once the database is set, data can As demonstrated in cities such as London, city wayfinding maps should support visitor be made available to city departments or third New York and Toronto, effective mapping exploration and discovery but also enable parties to produce their own map products. requires editing vast amounts of data down to residents to connect seamlessly to and from These can become additional delivery vehicles a manageable amount of information. Building transit, cycle hire or private vehicles. to maximise the benefits and awareness of stakeholder and public consensus around a a city wayfinding initiative without incurring map style suitable to display street names, Maps as assets additional infrastructure cost. destinations and transit stops while still The benefits of installing high-quality (albeit Steer Davies Gleave is currently supporting revealing the unique character of a city and its costly) on-street pedestrian wayfinding signs the cities of Toronto and Bologna in the neighbourhoods is not an easy task. There is can be amplified by the implementation of delivery of pedestrian wayfinding strategies. never a one-size-fits-all solution. consistent mapping in existing infrastructure at marginal additional cost. To find out more contact: Maps for walking Investing in a robust map asset database Juan Pablo Rioseco People walking through a city can feel at their will benefit the delivery of a wayfinding e [email protected] most vulnerable in unfamiliar environments. programme and would also benefit third Pedestrians are more exposed to the parties such as transit agencies, operators or elements and may be unwilling to explore private companies that in return will deliver beyond their comfort zone or commit to city wayfinding information through their own a long walk. The availability of on-street information and signage systems. pedestrian maps caters for the informational Steer Davies Gleave’s TO360 wayfinding needs of people who have a destination pilot implementation for the City of Toronto in mind and of those in need of general initially consisted of 20 new maps and orientation and reassurance. directional signs in the Financial District. This Evidence gathered through Steer Davies relatively small scheme was intensified thanks Gleave’s evaluation of the Legible London to a joint effort with TTC (Toronto Transit programme in the UK1 confirms that a Commission) that led implementation of new 1 http://content.tfl.gov.uk/legible-london-evaluation-summary.pdf the review August 2016 7

Diversity in design

The science of design can be applied globally. Steer Davies Gleave’s Design for Movement team has a 30-year track record of creating applied design in the transport sector. However, here we look at non- transport related projects that use our best practice design principles, and some common themes that span all sectors. Proposed design for the Vale Cemetery and Crematorium’s bereavement pack

By James Brown can provide valuable insight helping to create delivers the outcomes required by the client. We combine our understanding of human a solid foundation from which to develop and In order to achieve this, a number of things experience, perception and behaviour to grow an offer. should be taken into account: deliver innovative and user-centred design. This Our initial output has been a series • Clearly identify the purpose and approach helps make places understandable, of recommendations and opportunities goal of the project at the outset. accessible and enjoyable for all. The core with assigned priorities that will allow the • Prepare a design brief outlining the areas that define our design practice are University to meet its goals. Phase two, project’s aims, budget, timetable information, environment and identity. These concept design, is due to start later this year. and any legal, technical or other pillars can be applied across all projects. constraints on developing the design. Over recent months, we have been hard The Vale Cemetery and Crematorium (UK) • Carry out research both before at work on a host of projects, ranging from The Vale, located on the outskirts of Luton, is and during the project. developing wayfinding for a central London undergoing a transformation. We were tasked • Monitor the process as it develops. university to a visual identity and signage with addressing two main issues: to improve If the project deviates from the brief, system for a cemetery and crematorium signage and information provision across the investigate and make sure it is for a good in Luton. site, and to communicate a clear, professional reason. The design process is not a linear and approachable image. The purpose is one and its organic nature allows for Regent’s University London (UK) to improve the visitor experience while the development of innovative ideas. Nestled in the heart of Regent’s Park, Regent’s promoting the site as a valuable alternative • When the process is finished, make University London is taking its first steps to others in the area. sure you gather as much feedback as towards the creation of a new wayfinding To many it may seem odd to develop a possible. This will help you to run future system. The University’s core objective is to visual identity for such a service, but visual design projects even more smoothly develop a system that will allow students, staff identity is more than just a well-designed and apply learning to other projects. and visitors to navigate the site easily while logo, it is about caring about your offer at projecting an image that is both professional every level and in every interaction with The skills and knowledge within our Design and consistent with its brand values. your users. for Movement team can be applied effectively We advocate that wayfinding should Our innovative approach to the project to diverse areas. For instance, our in-depth consider the whole user journey from origin led us to the development of a new visual knowledge of transport information systems to destination. Consequently, our objective for identity, which uses the concept of a window and user behaviour could be used to improve Regent’s University London is to combine this to symbolise openness. The new identity is user experience within hospitals, through the approach while creating consistency across all light, fresh and dynamic, values that have simplification of information in what can be wayfinding touch points. been applied across the wayfinding and a stressful environment, or to improve the The first phase of the project included signage system. The project is due to be online booking systems of events. The only a site-wide review of all existing signs and implemented later in 2016. limit is our imaginations. wayfinding. In addition, with the involvement Although these projects deviate from our of stakeholders, we established the key portfolio of transport-related projects, the To find out more contact: objectives and aspirations for the system. design process is managed as it would for any James Brown This is important, as consultation with transport project. The key is to coordinate e [email protected] stakeholders, although often underestimated, those involved to ensure the design process 8 the review August 2016

INTERVIEW VICTORIA HILLS

Redeveloping UK’s biggest new development

Unless you happen to be looking for a She is not fazed by the challenge. In fact, she will want to live in and visit and which will be second hand car, the chances are you believes there is some advantage of being a rewarding in every way.’ have never been to Old Oak – one of woman in a traditi onally male world: The resulti ng development won’t just be London’s most unknown, least celebrated ‘There are some who see a woman, a a great place to live and work, she believes, quarters. But that is something that youngish woman, and they underesti mate but a world class example of the ‘circular Victoria Hills, the CEO of the Old Oak and you’ she says. ‘Yet, when I prove myself and economy’ where renewables, recycling and Park Royal Development Corporati on can get things done, it’s a diﬀ erent story.’ waste-reducti on are built into the design, (OPDC), is determined to change. The development hinges on the creati on making it less wasteful, more pleasant to of a rail superhub at the only point where be in and also, crucially, a natural centre of Interview with Victoria Hills, CEO of OPDC the Elizabeth Line (formerly Crossrail) meets experti se in the technologies of green urban HS2. The meeti ng point will be the site of a development. This will att ract investment and Victoria Hills is overseeing the redevelopment new super-stati on on the scale of Waterloo, knowledge and it will create a virtuous circle of 650 hectares in this forgott en corner of instantly promoti ng the area from one of that sustains and builds on that experti se with west London straddling the three boroughs the least to one of the most connected in the jobs and economic benefi ts that go with it. of Hammersmith & Fulham, Brent and Ealing. the capital, but the Corporati on’s ambiti ous So if you are in the market for a second She has been tasked with delivering 25,000 transport planning will go far beyond the hand car in the next few years, perhaps Old new homes and 65,000 jobs in what will be traditi onal modes of road and rail. Cycling Oak will not be a natural desti nati on. But the biggest new development in the UK since and walking will be deeply integrated as there is a good chance that it will be on your the 2012 Olympics and probably the most equals to other transport modes, and map for many other reasons. Aft er all, if ambiti ous project of its kind anywhere kerbside parking will be kept to a minimum. Victoria and her team fulfi l their ambiti ons, in Europe. For someone who has wrestled with the the idea of owning a car at all may seem This would be a daunti ng prospect for diffi culti es of reshaping transport among as quaint as a horse and cart in the ultra- anyone, but perhaps even more so for a young the complexiti es of London’s road and rail modern, ultra-green new town of Old Oak and woman entering the very male, notoriously network, the relati vely blank sheet presented Park Royal. macho world of property development. by Old Oak and Park Royal is the opportunity Find out more informati on about Old Oak Yet Victoria Hills is already a veteran of the of a lifeti me:‘We’re starti ng from scratch. and Park Development Corporati on by visiti ng equally male-dominated world of transport Instead of retroﬁ tti ng, we can get everything www.london.gov.uk/opdc. policy, having served as Head of Transport at right from the start. We aren’t just building the Greater London Authority. houses, we are making a place, a place people the review August 2016 9

Project updates Urban transit in the North In 2015, the Blackpool and Fleetwood Tramway had its most successful year since it reopened in 2012 after a major system-wide renovation. In July Blackpool Borough Council made an application for a Transport and Works Act Order to extend the tramway from the Promenade to Blackpool North Station, allowing direct tram interchange with national rail services for the first time since 1936. SDG has been providing support to Blackpool Borough Council for more than fifteen years. We developed the business cases which secured funding for the new vehicles, renewed infrastructure and new depot which formed the successful 2012 upgrade. Between 2011 and 2013, we were transport planning advisor for the EU Sintropher- funded Fylde Coast Transport Transport, the biggest Study, which led to the identification of the Blackpool North Extension. More recently, we prepared the business challenge for London’s Mayor? case which in April of this year, secured conditional funding approval for the scheme from Transport for Lancashire. Reminders of London’s past Mayor, Capturing land value uplift when designing We continue to advise Blackpool Boris Johnson, are clear to see – the new transport schemes such as Crossrail 2, Borough Council on the scheme. new Routemaster, Cycle Hire and Cycle through the use of the Mayoral Development Superhighways. The ‘cycling revolution’ Corporations or the New Towns Act for Stations in the North On 19 June, Kirkstall Forge Station appears to have been successful, with example, could enable additional funding opened, our third West Yorkshire rail cycling numbers increasing by 25% during to be generated. This money would support project successfully implemented this his term. However, with a housing crisis the transport scheme that would unlock the year. SDG prepared the business cases and declining air quality across the city, development (up to 200,000 homes in the which secured funding for Kirkstall Forge is transport still the new Mayor’s biggest case of Crossrail 2) and help contribute to the and Apperley Bridge new stations and for the Leeds Station Southern Entrance. challenge, or part of the solution? provision of much-needed affordable housing. Implementing the Ultra-Low Emission Supporting bonds underwriters in the By Hannah Brown Zone will provide the stick for businesses to financing of the Mestre bypass, Italy think differently about their deliveries and the Steer Davies Gleave supported the We all know that London is growing and at an type of vehicles used, as well as influencing A3 rating assigned by Moodys to the financing of the Mestre bypass motorway unprecedented rate. The growth, equivalent staff travel. However, more needs to be done — a toll road bypassing the city of Venice to the cities of Birmingham and Glasgow to reduce the emissions associated with the in northern Italy. The concession holder moving to London by 2040, will put increasing transport of goods. Raising awareness of the Concessioni Autostradali Venete (CAV) pressure on our infrastructure and bring environmental issues and potential measures is the first issuer in Italy to benefit from about an increased demand for housing in an to overcome them, for example through the Project Bond Credit Enhancement Initiative (PBCE) facility. SDG has been already stretched market. As well as growing, delivery and servicing plans, could help advising the bond underwriters (Banca London’s population is also ageing rapidly. provide the answer. IMI, BNP Paribas, RBS, SocGen and By 2035 experts predict there will be 70% It would be unrealistic to imagine that four UniCredit) as technical and traffic advisor. more over 80 year olds living in London years is enough time to solve these issues, but The rating was assigned to the EUR 830m than currently1. some innovative thinking within a cohesive senior secured amortising bonds that will be issued in March by CAV. The proceeds This population growth, in conjunction strategy, coupled with investment in key of the bonds will be used to refinance with increasing demand for goods and areas, could allow transport to be the solution CAV’s existing indebtedness linked to services, has resulted in a decline in London’s to the challenges of London’s growth. the EUR 1bn construction of the Mestre air quality. It is now estimated that up to 9,400 bypass. Since the PBCE launched in 2014, people each year are dying as a direct impact To find out more contact: SDG has successfully acted as Lenders’ Technical Advisor for the A11 Motorway of poor air quality2. Hannah Brown in Belgium and the N25 New Ross Bypass Sadiq Khan, London’s new mayor, therefore e [email protected] in Ireland where the EIB has provided has a complex and difficult challenge ahead guarantees. of him. At a time when government funding is declining and a fares freeze is promised, without a change in approach, the money available to invest in new infrastructure 1 Ageing London. Mayor’s Design Advisory Group, Mayor of London, 2016 2 Understanding the Health Impacts of Air Pollution schemes will be constrained. in London, King’s College London, 2015 10 Feature the review August 2016

Broxbourne

4 Crossrail 2 (Upper Lee Valley) Cheshunt Epping Theobalds Watford Junction Grove Enfield Town Theydon Bois Turkey Watford High Street Bush Hill Street Debden Cockfosters Park High Barnet Loughton Bushey Totteridge & Whetstone Oakwood Southbury Chingford Buckhurst Hill Shenfield New Carpenders Park Woodside Park Southgate Southgate Edmonton Green Roding Grange Brentwood Valley How is London Hatch End Mill Hill East West Finchley Arnos Grove Hill Alexandra Silver Street Highams Park Palace Harold Wood Bounds Green Chigwell Headstone Lane Edgware Crossrail 1 White Hart Lane Hainault Gidea Park West Ruislip Finchley Central Woodford 5 Harrow & Wood Green (Old Oak Common) Burnt Oak Wealdstone Harringay Bruce Grove Wood Street Fairlop Romford Hillingdon Ruislip South Woodford East Finchley Green Ruislip Manor Colindale Turnpike Lane Lanes South Tottenham going to grow? Kenton Barkingside Uxbridge Ickenham Snaresbrook Chadwell Heath Hendon Central Highgate Crouch Eastcote Tottenham Blackhorse South Kenton Hill Hale Newbury Road Park Seven Redbridge Goodmayes Brent Cross Archway Manor House Sisters Walthamstow Central Rayners Lane North Wembley Gospel Golders Green Oak Wanstead Gants Ruislip Gardens Upper Holloway Hill Hampstead Stamford Walthamstow Seven Kings Wembley Central Hampstead Heath Hill Queen’s Road Leytonstone Leyton Ilford Tufnell Park Arsenal Midland Road South Harrow Finsbury Stonebridge Park Kentish Park Manor Park Holloway Road Stoke St. James Street Leytonstone Wanstead South Ruislip Finchley Road Town West Kentish Town High Road & Frognal Belsize Park Newington Rectory Park Harlesden Road Woodgrange Caledonian Road Highbury & Clapton Leyton Forest Park Sudbury Hill Dalston Gate Brondesbury Chalk Farm Islington Kingsland Camden Kensal Rise Park West Hampstead Crossrail 2 Willesden Junction Road Hackney Downs Maryland 4 Camden Town Caledonian (London Riverside) Northolt Brondesbury Sudbury Town Road & Canonbury Kensal Green Barnsbury Dalston Junction Stratford Alperton Mornington Hackney Homerton Hackney Queen’s Park Kilburn South Crescent Central Wick High Road Hampstead King’s Cross London Fields Barking St. Pancras Haggerston Greenford Kilburn Park Cambridge Heath Paddington Edgware Road Marylebone Euston Euston Hoxton Bethnal Green Maida Vale Warwick Angel Perivale Avenue Baker Street Bethnal Old Street Green Mile End London’s populati on conti nues to grow and Warren Street Shoreditch Hanger Lane is expected to reach 10 million within the Regent’s Park Russell High Street Square Farringdon Purfleet next 15 years, raising questi ons on how the Park Royal Goodge Oxford Street Tottenham Whitechapel Bond Street Circus Court Road Moorgate capital will cope with such vast numbers. Liverpool North Ealing Marble Arch Street River Crossing Holborn Chancery Lane 6 East White Shepherd’s Notting (Silvertown) Acton City Bush Hill Gate Bank Covent Garden Slough Ealing Broadway Lancaster West North Holland Queensway Gate St. Paul’s Tilbury By David Bowers and Adrian Cole Acton Acton Park Green Park Leicester Square Monument Shadwell Hyde Park Corner Acton Central Piccadilly High Street Kensington Circus Ealing Common Kensington Custom House (Olympia) Wapping South Acton Knightsbridge Charing for ExCeL This populati on increase will create Cross South Barons Gloucester River Thames Ealing Court Road Canary Wharf Acton Town Hammersmith Rotherhithe many signifi cant changes to the city and Victoria Turnham Green Earl’s South Court Kensington Embankment Canada Water will put more pressure on planning and Northfields London Bridge highways departments. With one to two Boston Manor Gunnersbury Waterloo Surrey Quays million new residents expected, there Osterley West Brompton Hounslow East Barking Riverside will be a need to provide 49,000 new Hounslow Central King’s Road Kew Gardens Chelsea Pimlico Borough Hounslow West Lambeth North homes per year and a requirement for Twickenham Richmond Heathrow Hatton Cross Abbey Wood Terminals Imperial Wharf more schools, hospitals and other social Queens Road 1, 2, 3 Peckham 2 London Overground Gravesend infrastructure and uti liti es to serve the Old Kent Road New Cross Hampton Vauxhall Gate New Cross Wick Kingston new residents. The 1.4 million expected Nine Elms Elephant & Castle Heathrow Battersea Power Station Heathrow Clapham Junction Brockley Lewisham Terminal 5 Terminal 4 new jobs will require the development Kennington Peckham Rye River Crossing Wandsworth Oval Honor Oak Park 6 of more offi ce and retail space. To help Road (Gallions Reach) Wimbledon Stockwell Forest Hill Clapham High Street deliver these changes there needs to be: Denmark Hill Chessington Motspur Park Clapham North Sydenham Clapham Common Brixton 3 Bakerloo line Extension Penge West Crossrail 1 • Bett er use of existi ng public Crossrail 2 Clapham South 5 4 Anerley (Gravesend) (Chessington) Balham Bromley transport infrastructure. Crystal Palace Tooting Bec Norwood Junction Epsom Hayes • New and enhanced transport capacity. Tooting Broadway West Croydon • Bett er use of land, targeti ng growth Colliers Wood 1 Northern line Extension on more accessible locati ons. South Wimbledon Morden The GLA and TfL are progressing several major transport infrastructure schemes 1 Northern Line Extension 3 Bakerloo Line Extension to support this planned growth and Works are well underway for this scheme Currently the least used Underground line Steer Davies Gleave has been heavily which will revoluti onise transport access through central London, the Bakerloo line involved in their development. to Batt ersea Power Stati on and the wider extension south-east from Elephant & Castle On the map, we reference the planned Vauxhall Nine Elms Batt ersea Opportunity would help make best use of this line's new transport schemes and how they can Area. The funding regime for this £1 billion capacity. The new route could go via the Old help deliver more homes and jobs at much scheme is seen as a model of using new Kent Road to Lewisham and then potenti ally higher densiti es than previous expansions developments to pay for new infrastructure. into the outer suburbs and Bromley. of the city. They will help make effi cient use of land - although compromises may be needed in its reallocati on. The new 2 London Overground 4 Crossrail 2 developments will also generate new The introducti on of London Overground has This £27 billion scheme will link south-west car trips which could, if not managed revitalised stati ons and their surroundings. and north-east London with up to 30 trains properly, lead to increased congesti on. All TfL is considering expanding the Overground per hour, each capable of carrying up to 1,500 this means that there are many issues to network in south London to improve local passengers. consider when helping London to grow. connecti ons and access to the centre. the review August 2016 Feature 11

Broxbourne

Chessington Motspur Park Clapham North Sydenham Clapham Common Brixton 3 Bakerloo line Extension Penge West Crossrail 1 Crossrail 2 Clapham South 5 4 Anerley (Gravesend) (Chessington) Balham Bromley Crystal Palace Tooting Bec Norwood Junction Epsom Hayes Tooting Broadway West Croydon Colliers Wood 1 Northern line Extension South Wimbledon

Morden

Chessington Beyond the tunnelled secti on 5 Crossrail 1 (Elizabeth Line) 6 River Crossings from Wimbledon to Angel, Crossrail 2 TfL is considering a range of opti ons (such as Extension to Gravesend Crossrail 1 will services will run on the nati onal rail network. a new tunnel at Silvertown and new bridges transform east-west transport links through Increasing the speed and frequency of trains east of Woolwich and near Belvedere) to central London. Extending the alignment to central London would help deliver denser improve cross-river links and to reduce south-east from Abbey Wood towards residenti al developments around Chessington. congesti on at the Blackwall and Rotherhithe Gravesend would help improve journey ti mes Upper Lee Valley Reallocati ng land from tunnels. from these areas. industrial to residenti al use near the proposed Old Oak Common Crossrail and HS2 will Crossrail 2 stati ons would enable the provision both have a stati on at Old Oak Common. This of up to 75,000 new homes. interchange will provide the springboard for To fi nd out more contact: London Riverside A Crossrail 2 eastern branch major regenerati on of the area, with 25,000 David Bowers would transform access through the London homes and 65,000 jobs expected (for more e [email protected] Riverside development area, providing the informati on refer to Victoria Hills’ interview Adrian Cole impetus for the constructi on of large new on page 8). e [email protected] developments. 12 Feature the review August 2016

7 6 5 2

1 3

Orange County Complete Streets Design Guidelines © Steer Davies Gleave 2016 Complete streets, a route to healthier lives

Many cities face critical health issues, with 2035 the number of people over 60 in London reduce traffic emissions and improve air poor air quality killing around 5.5 million will increase by 48% to almost two million, quality. Typical complete street elements are people worldwide annually. In London, it while those aged under 60 will increase by only illustrated above and include: is estimated that around 9,400 people die 12%. Ageing has significant health implications, 1 Narrow lanes, tight corners and traffic yearly due to air pollution. Taking a ‘complete including chronic diseases and diminished calming measures which encourage slower, streets’ approach can help address health quality of life due to reduced mobility and steady traffic, make streets safer, and help issues and also make our cities more liveable. social exclusion. reduce vehicle emissions. These health issues are complex and multi- 2 Facilities such as wide and comfortable By Richard Crappsley faceted, requiring wide-ranging solutions. footways and crossings which make it easy Urban planning including better street design for people to walk, help combat sedentary Various sources contribute to air pollution can be part of the solution. Streets make up a lifestyles, and reduce risks of disease. and poor air quality in cities, but in Europe the significant proportion of land in our cities; in 3 Well-designed cycle lanes which encourage biggest factor is traffic emissions. Our cities London 12.3% of land area is streets, almost as cycling and help combat sedentary lifestyles. also feel the impact of the ‘urban heat island’ much as the 13.4% occupied by buildings. 4 Greening using street trees and effect, which means that cities are warmer Taking a more ‘complete’ approach to other planting which help reduce urban than their hinterlands, in some cases by up street design can result in better streets temperatures and manage stormwater run-off. to 10°C. The record-breaking increases in that both make cities more liveable and Shade trees make walking and cycling more global temperature we are experiencing due provide wider health benefits. Complete comfortable in summer. Specific types of plants to climate change will worsen this, as higher streets are designed to be safe, convenient can also help absorb airborne pollution. temperatures help trap pollutants near to the and comfortable for everyone, regardless of 5 Parklets and café seating which encourage earth’s surface. transport mode, age, ability, income, race or social interaction, provide natural surveillance, Cities worldwide also face an increased ethnicity. Complete streets are also designed to and make streets welcoming places. prevalence of obesity. In a review of childhood support the creation of attractive places where 6 Accessible design elements to ensure that obesity in ten major world cities, London had people want to spend time. people of all ages and abilities can use the most overweight children, with over a third SDG recently prepared a Complete the street. seriously overweight by the time they leave Streets Design Handbook for Orange 7 Seats at regular intervals increase comfort primary school. London also had the second County in California, USA. The urban form by providing rest points; especially helpful for highest level of adult obesity, with only 57% of in Orange County is less compact and has older people or people with mobility problems. adults doing the recommended 150 minutes of lower density than many European cities, 8 Lighting for pedestrians which improves exercise a week. Sedentary lifestyles are a key but many underlying health issues are the personal security, increasing the use of streets factor in being overweight, and increase the same. Moreover, the principles for designing after dark. likelihood of heart disease and diabetes. streets to be more complete can readily be Across Europe our city populations applied to European cities. A complete street To find out more contact: are ageing, with many cities experiencing includes facilities for walking, cycling, and Richard Crappsley increased proportions of people over 65 years public transport which support mode shift, e [email protected] old compared with people of 64 or under. By reduce vehicle numbers, and therefore help the review August 2016 13

An infrastructure plan for the next twenty years

The Colombian government wants 1. Macroeconomic context. We built 6. Prioritised projects. Each project was to position the country as a power in projections of GDP by region and economic graded according to its socioeconomic impact transport infrastructure so as to increase sector, and the generation of employment in and its estimated running cost (CAPEX + competitiveness and to overcome the the largest urban areas in the country. The OPEX). Projects with the best rating and the underinvestment of the twentieth century. aim was to identify growth and potential lowest costs were prioritised. The Intermodal Transport Master Plan, demand by region. The PMTI includes more than 200 intermodal with investment of approximately US$ 2. Characteristics of demand. An Origin transport infrastructure projects, including 3.3 billion in the next ten years, and a - Destination (OD) matrix was built from improvement of 150 roads, renewal of five new methodology to prioritise projects, information collected in surveys at a number railways, navigability of eight rivers, 31 airport will help them reach this goal. of points along the spine of the country. This projects and dredging in both Atlantic and provided a detailed understanding of the Pacific ports. The country will use the network By German Lleras variety of interurban travel. infrastructure to improve accessibility in disadvantaged territories and communities, Colombia’s Intermodal Transport Master 3. Definition of the core network. minimising operating costs to optimise Plan (Plan Maestro de Transporte Intermodal The intermodal network was defined as foreign trade. – PMTI), a National Government initiative, spine and transverse corridors to ensure The success of the methodology used is based on a methodology for prioritising connectivity and integration of major urban for the long term plan lies in its ability to infrastructure projects with a strategic conglomerations. This network was coded assess transport projects simultaneously, goal of supporting national socioeconomic into a transport model describing its transport analysing whether they are complements development. characteristics such as travel time, travel cost or competitors, focusing on the national The aim is that the intermodal network and corridor capacity. government and investors interested in efficiently connects cities and areas of 4. Demand projections. The OD matrices project prioritisation. production and consumption, maximising the were projected forward using optimistic The project’s success encouraged the benefit on the national economy. forecasts of GDP and assigned to the network government to continue refining the work, The main output of the PMTI, after an in the transport model. Projections were through a detailed analysis of projects to objective technical process to build an action made to 2035, giving a 20-year horizon, improve accessibility to urban agglomerations and implementation plan, was an initial list of enabling estimation of future traffic on each and to optimise logistics processes in highway, rail, river, air and maritime projects section of the core network. the network and its key nodes. This is an to meet the country’s transport infrastructure opportunity for Steer Davies Gleave to needs for the next twenty years. 5. Prioritisation rules. Two rules were used to contribute to and lead the strategic planning Steer Davies Gleave and the Foundation prioritise the projects according to need: of the country. for Higher Education and Development • Sections with a high demand (load (Fedesarrollo) were responsible for or vehicular traffic) which require a To find out more contact: structuring the six basic steps for prioritising higher operational specification. German Lleras this primary transport network. • Sections integrating towns and areas with e [email protected] productive potential or at a disadvantage to the major urban conglomerations. 14 Spotlight the review August 2016

Four decades of policy shaping projects

As we near Steer Davies Gleave’s 40th anniversary we look back and reﬂ ect on some of the company’s most signifi cant projects. Projects that have helped shape transport policies globally.

By Mike Goggin

Four decades of successfully delivering policy-shaping projects make for a lot of projects! Too many to be able to cover them all here. So instead, this arti cle focuses on a few key projects Steer Davies Gleave has been involved in over the years, and analyses their strategic importance.

Illustrati ve key projects Advisors to London’s major new European Union Transport Services Policy, Development of the USA’s North East developments, since 1985 to date since 1990 to date Corridor, 2011 to date We conti nue our 30-year relati onship with the We have been providing support to the We were appointed by Amtrak as part of Canary Wharf Group, supporti ng the evoluti on European Commission on rail freight and team to support its development of proposals of the existi ng Canary Wharf estate and its passenger matt ers, aviati on and coach for for the future of the USA’s most congested expansion onto new sites. Over the years over a decade. rail corridor serving freight, intercity and we have advised on the estate’s strategic Our work on rail policy is a good example commuter railroads in fi ve states and linking transport links including the role and value of our ability to assimilate a range of the key citi es of Washington, Philadelphia, of Crossrail and now we look to the future to perspecti ves, internati onal experiences and New York and Boston. keep growing the number of people working disti l key policy choices. We developed ridership and capacity on the estate from the existi ng 110,000. We We have researched the deregulati on forecasts and capacity scenarios for diff erent conti nue to support the implementati on of of the European rail services market for the infrastructure capabiliti es and alignments, the outline consent at Wood Wharf and the Commission on four occasions, providing advised on rolling stock soluti ons and constructi on of the Shell Centre on the South our assessment of progress, barriers and contributed to the fi nancing and economic Bank next to the London Eye on the opportuniti es. Our work has considered analysis of the scenarios. River Thames. passenger rights, the role of the European Rail We have maintained our 20-year Agency, Network Management Statements A new model for Brazil’s railways, 2014/15 relati onship with the redevelopment of the and the organisati on of railway enti ti es in We worked with two Federal agencies on the Batt ersea Power Stati on site earmarked by Member States to support the ambiti on of detailed development of the government’s Margaret Thatcher for development in the open access rail services. policy for increasing competi ti on in the 1980s. We have worked on each proposal and verti cal concession structure of supported the successful development, now New high speed rail company in Italy, Brazil’s railroads. fi nally under constructi on, which will see over 2009 to 2015 Off ering insights from other railway 3,500 new homes and a new commercial and We have provided technical support to a new structures, we provided advice and support leisure desti nati on for London. privately owned high speed rail company on practi cal issues of inter-operability, access We led the developments and arguments operati ng in Italy since April 2012 under open agreements, capacity allocati on, freight tariff s for the extension of the Northern Line, access licensing arrangements. and access charging. securing private sector, London and nati onal Our work involved the verifi cati on of As government policy changed from an government support. We have also helped the company’s business plan, assistance in open access model to a hybrid, we were Transport for London understand the the choice of the type of rolling stock, and on hand to off er practi cal support for development potenti al of future extensions of monitoring its procurement. development and implementati on of the the Elizabeth Line and the Bakerloo Line. politi cal aspirati on. the review August 2016 Spotlight 15

Development and management of transport What are the underlying similariti es? infrastructure in Mexico, 2015/16 As you can see there has been an array of Appointed by the Federal Government’s exciti ng projects over the last few years, Treasury Ministry we are working which conti nue to demonstrate our ability with partners on a broad and detailed to work on complex and oft en politi cally review of how Mexico’s road, railroad, sensiti ve policy choices for the development ports and mass transit infrastructure of transport services and city infrastructure. investments are identi fi ed, prioriti sed, I spoke with colleagues to ask them for developed, procured, constructed and their refl ecti ons on the success factors for then operated and maintained. these challenging assignment and the lessons Engaging with public and private we have learned for us and our clients in sector investors, contractors, concessions, doing them. development banks and other government Marco Concari, leader of our Italian departments, we have developed with our business summarised it as: “Across the partners a comprehensive understanding projects I work on, I see growing recogniti on of the issues and compared these with an of the importance of planning infrastructure extensive internati onal best practi ce review of and services bett er. Politi cal pressure to ‘cut infrastructure development. ribbons at opening ceremonies’ will remain but We are now moving forward on developing there is growing evidence that the oﬃ cials and new methodologies and process re-design the electorate want good value, sustainable to give greater assurance on project delivery and deliverable transport soluti ons.” (cost, ti me and quality) and assurance of investment outcomes aft er completi on. What are the factors for SDG’s success in delivering for our clients? UK’s new Transport for the North organisati on, 2015/16 In Mexico our country leader, Liliana Pereira The North of England has been lagging behind identi fi ed SDG’s ability to integrate our the rest of the United Kingdom and it is the insights and skills from across the company – government’s goal to turn this around through “Unlike some larger internati onal companies Colombia’s new intermodal transport creati ng a Northern Powerhouse, which builds we don’t have the insti tuti onal barriers to masterplan, 2015 on the North’s latent strengths to accelerate resourcing projects and bringing experti se We have provided technical advisory its growth. Improved transport connecti vity to bear. Employee ownership means we very services for the development of a demand has been identi fi ed as one of the key building much see it as ‘we are all in this together’ transport model of the country. Its aim blocks to realising this goal. and that is demonstrated by sustainable is to evaluate scenarios that incorporate We have been working with a new body – commitment to projects over many months infrastructure projects, in order to build Transport for the North – since its incepti on and years.” Colombia’s Intermodal Transport Master Plan to help shape the transport strategy and And the forty-year perspecti ve? Jim Steer, (Plan Maestro de Transporte Intermodal). programme that will underpin the North’s our founder, puts it down to maintaining A government initi ati ve, this is based on a future economic growth. absolute clarity on the policy objecti ves and methodology for prioriti sing infrastructure on real world risks and uncertainty. “Economic projects with a strategic goal of supporti ng Review of the future for UK’s outcomes are always central in transport nati onal socioeconomic development. The aim Network Rail, 2016 decisions, but so too are understanding is that the network effi ciently connects citi es The UK Government appointed Nicola Shaw customers and markets and operati onal and areas of producti on and consumpti on, to make recommendati ons on the future realiti es” he says. Jim att ributes this focus maximising the benefi t on the nati onal fi nancing and funding of Network Rail, to our independence from downstream economy. More informati on on page 13. Great Britain’s nati onal rail infrastructure constructi on interests and the passion owner/manager. that can only come from a dedicated set of UK Nati onal Infrastructure Commission and As Nicola’s technical advisors we provided professionals committ ed to the very best in London’s Infrastructure Need Assessment, expert advice on railway management transport-related decisions. These are key 2015 including safety management, capacity company att ributes. Working for the newly formed UK Nati onal allocati on and change management. Here’s to the next generati on of Infrastructure Commission, we reviewed the We developed an implementati on challenging projects and policy choices. case for large scale transport infrastructure change programme assessment for various This consultant for one is looking forward to investment in London, including a review of scenarios and provided expert ‘test and the challenge. the case for the investment in Crossrail 2. challenge’ to the Report team’s emerging Our recommendati ons on the prioriti es for recommendati ons. To fi nd out more contact: development of London’s infrastructure, the Mike Goggin strategic and economic case for Crossrail e [email protected] 2, and the delivery mechanisms needed to secure large-scale housing delivery were adopted by the Commission. 16 the review August 2016

In-house innovation

Over the last decades, innovation and creativity have become factors critical to achieving success in developed economies. The need for creative problem solving has grown as more and more business problems require creative insights in order to find suitable solutions.

By John Swanson Steer Davies Gleave consultants taking part in Hackday

Just about everyone agrees that innovation and the enthusiastic participation of the Funded R&I projects showcase is essential in business today. In a constantly volunteers, the day was a great success. changing world new challenges arise all Four teams each worked on a project, • Benchmarking light rail and metro the time but so do new opportunities as with topics ranging from how best to costs: A database and comparative knowledge and technology advance, and use sophisticated techniques for data statistical analysis of the construction information is ever more widely and rapidly visualisation, to taking a radical look at the costs of 20 metro and 20 light rail shared. However, innovation doesn’t always feasibility of ‘peak-peak’ charging to avoid systems from around the world. just happen, it needs the right environment overcrowding of transport infrastructure. • Journey planning innovations: to thrive in, and this means giving employees At the end of the day a judging panel Incorporating a open trip planner, an the time and space to think about new ideas chaired by our CEO, Hugh Jones, selected open-source routing algorithm, into and opportunities, away from the usual short- a winner and prizes were awarded. But our journey planning software, using term demands of office life. In a pressured matters do not end there; the next stage is Vancouver as a test case. environment this is not always easy to do, to incorporate the outputs and experience • The impact of fuel price changes and it requires a deliberate managerial won from these exercises into our daily on sales: Petrol and diesel prices fell commitment. consultancy work. That is where the internal sharply at the end of 2014; this project Our Research and Innovation (R&I) funding programme can help, as it provides looked at the impact on sales of fuel in programme is designed to create just such an a way to give staff more substantial periods the UK. environment. It has been running for three of time and resources to carry out larger • Measuring sustained PTP change: years now, with two streams of activity: our development projects. Looking at the long term effects R&I Club which provides a forum for staff to We regularly communicate these R&I of personal travel plans on bring forward new ideas, and our internal achievements, and in the summer we held our travel behaviour in Thurrock and funding programme which supports larger latest showcase event for clients and partners, Cheltenham, up to 30 months after the R&I projects. where we gave six quick-fire presentations on interventions. The R&I Club meets every second internally funded R&I projects (see right). • A rail incident Twitter database: Tuesday, providing an open forum where We firmly believe that nurturing a culture A database of tweets from National SDG’s employees can bring ideas or problems of innovation and curiosity adds greatly to Rail Enquiries, the train companies, they think deserve further research. Over job satisfaction among our staff and to the Transport for London, and others, the past three years the Club has looked at quality of service we can offer to our clients, to plot activity over time, and, using more than 100 topics, many of them directly but now we have mounting evidence that hashtags, identify service disruptions concerned with project work, but many others these research and innovation projects are and their causes. exploratory and speculative. delivering a return in terms of new work • UDM-Lite: A live demonstration of One idea to come out of the Club was and exposure to clients. This benefits us, as a new, lighter, version of our Urban our recent Hackday. The concept is simple: a business, but also our clients, who gain Dynamic Model, with much quicker put a group of motivated and skilled people from the investment we have made. We look set-up and run times, used to model together for a concentrated period of forward to more innovation and success in the the impacts of transport investment on time well away from their normal office coming year. economic activity. environment; give them some tough problems to solve and see what happens. In practice To find out more contact: there is much more to it, as our organisers will John Swanson testify, but thanks to their careful planning e [email protected] the review August 2016 17

Project updates New business models to support funding for greener cities Across Europe there is an increasing focus on greener cities. By 2025, Copenhagen aims to be the first capital city in the world to become carbon neutral. Copenhageners will make 75% of trips by bicycle, on foot or by public transport. In the UK, central and local government are raising green transport higher on the agenda, looking for long term cost savings as well as improving emissions. Green transport can be viewed as a risky investment with uncertainty of demand and upfront infrastructure costs. By working closely with potential stakeholders, innovative business models can be created to share the risk and to stimulate investment. We are currently working on a number of projects with the public and private sector exploring green transport business models and potential sources of funding and financing Oxford Street West to support strategic investment. Managing deliveries and servicing London’s population is booming and Oxford Street is arguably London’s most how bus routes, bus stops and bus stands is expected to grow over the next 25 are affected in each option, both in order to well-known thoroughfare and it is the years. Coupled with the growth of online most important retail centre in the create solutions that function at a strategic shopping, the volume of delivery and United Kingdom att rac ting approximately level, delivering a coherent bus network that servicing trips is only set to increase, 3.5 million visitors each week. Despite this, provides useful links, and at a detailed level leading to worsening air quality and congestion. Reducing the impact of Oxford Street is affected by a number of that makes bus stop locations compatible with deliveries and servicing is therefore footway widths and abutting land uses. issues that deter people from visiting. critical to enable London to grow. SDG We have also developed and applied a was commissioned by Cross River By David Sutanto transport impact assessment framework, Partnership, a public-private partnership which links to the West End Partnership’s that has been delivering regeneration Some of these deterrents are related to strategic vision for the area. Our framework projects in London since 1994, to work with 18 businesses, ranging from offices, enables the relative advantages and the crowding on footways, which results in retail and event venues to hotels and pedestrian comfort being compromised. The disadvantages of each option to be measured restaurants. We reviewed their current street also has poor air quality, and conflicts and compared against a broad range of delivery and servicing arrangements between different road users are common and objectives, informed by analysis undertaken by and identified potential measures to create road safety issues. us and our partners. This high profile project improve their efficiency and reduce their impact on the local highway In 2018, the opening of the Elizabeth line is ongoing, and we hope that it will ultimately network. We developed bespoke delivery (Crossrail), a major new east-west rail line lead to improvements to Oxford Street that and servicing plans for each business, across London, will have a fundamental impact make it a place where people—both Londoners with the benefits achieved by their on Oxford Street. The Crossrail station at and visitors alike—enjoy spending time. implementation set out in case studies Bond Street will increase by almost a fifth the We have also worked extensively on so that ‘best practice’ can be shared with others. Small changes from each number of people living within 45 minutes of other projects in the West End, including the business, such as reducing the frequency the area by public transport. This presents Deliveries & Servicing Plans project (see of stationery deliveries or using a clear opportunity for Oxford Street, but right), Westminster Walking Strategy (which suppliers with low emission vehicles, can could also exacerbate existing issues. is out to consultation), and Marylebone Low collectively help to reduce the impact of Steer Davies Gleave has been working Emission Neighbourhood bid, which has businesses on London’s environment. collaboratively with Transport for London, been successful and secured Westminster Westminster City Council and a wider City Council £1 million towards improving air consultant team, examining a range of options quality in Marylebone. This gives us unrivalled for improving the western section of Oxford insight into transport issues and stakeholders Street (between Marble Arch and Oxford in this area. Circus). These range from smaller scale interventions through to full pedestrianisation. To find out more contact: We have worked to resolve a multitude David Sutanto of complex issues that are inherent in each e [email protected] option. For example, we have examined 18 the review August 2016

Road user charging – an equitable solution to budgetary constraints?

Most countries find it difficult or Why charge? Potential consequences of charging even impossible to provide sufficient Charging road users provides the following Intentional and unintentional consequences resources for the optimal maintenance benefits to the public sector: of charging may include: and rehabilitation of their roads. Road 1. New, stable and dedicated source of • Cost recovery. Revenues may not infrastructure has a very long life if funding and finance. Charges provide an be sufficient to cover all costs, maintained properly, but rapid growth of incremental and ongoing revenue source, including construction, operation and traffic, and in particular of goods vehicles, which is not tied to the annual government maintenance. In developing countries exerts pressures on both the capacity and budgetary process, and importantly can where traffic levels are low or where road pavement performance. be used as collateral to raise third-party construction costs are high, it is unlikely finance (project finance/PPPs) to fund that the revenues will ever cover more By Anita Mauchan further expansion of the road network. than operation and maintenance and 2. Applies the ‘User Pays’ principle and the perhaps a part of the construction cost. This deterioration is costly to existing road internalisation of external costs. Some • Revenue risk. Whether the risk is held users as their vehicle operating costs increase governments have introduced charges by the public sector, the private sector and they suffer from the negative effects of in pursuit of a general policy to increase or shared, there is always a risk that increasing congestion. There are concerns on the extent of ‘use-related payment’ outturn revenues may be insufficient social and environmental grounds, as road within a ‘sustainable’ transport policy. to cover debt payments and operating safety deteriorates and vehicle emissions rise. 3. Facilitates private sector development. costs, which may lead to bankruptcy Traditionally the public sector repairs The involvement of the private sector or require sovereign debt guarantees deteriorating roads from its fiscal budgets. can allow the government to finance to banks for payment of the debt. However, if fiscal budgets are constrained, at least part of the road network • Diversion of traffic away from the roads will continue to deteriorate and development ‘off balance sheet’. new road. Price elasticity of demand economic, social and environmental costs will and the provision of free alternatives increase. Many countries have tried to combat It is crucial that a government considering to the charged road will affect the this by levying charges on road users. These road user charging establishes clear objectives level of traffic on the facility. In turn revenues already provide a much-needed for its charging policy, as these will direct this may mean that some potential source of funds to expand and maintain road all activities undertaken (both in the early economic benefits of the new road are networks in countries as diverse as Brazil, years and during the operation of the road as lost if its objective is to move people Ghana, India, Japan, Mozambique, Russia, regulatory questions arise) and will influence and goods more reliably and quickly. South Africa, the United Kingdom and the the final tariffs charged to road users. United States of America. the review August 2016 19

• Social impacts. Charged roads can • Level of service improvements. Charges Project updates have positive and negative social should only be introduced on roads which impacts. Of particular concern is the have received significant upgrading or Department for Transport Road Studies potential inequity that can result from on new roads of a high standard. To inform the UK Government’s next Road Investment Strategy, charging low-income users, particularly • Local and frequent user discounts. Local the Department for Transport has those who use the road frequently. and frequent discounts can be considered to commissioned six studies designed to • Political and public opposition. Political reduce the financial burden on road users. address the biggest challenges facing the opposition to road charging has been • Provision of a parallel charge-free strategic road network across England. Larger than single projects, they are significant in some countries. Motorists alternative.A free parallel road ensures that designed to assess how to address major often perceive that they are paying for those unable or unwilling to pay a charge gaps in the network or complex pinch- the road twice, by paying a charge and can still have access to the road network. points that require multi-part solutions. through their taxes, when in fact their • Discounts by payment method. The cost The outcomes are expected to include taxes are being used to fund other roads. of collecting road user charges varies proposals for detailed development, with according to the technology installed. construction intended to begin before 2025. Steer Davies Gleave is supporting What charge to levy? Many concessions reward their users with three of the six studies (Oxford to In reality, charges are a compromise between discounts when they use more cost-effective Cambridge Expressway, M25 South West financial needs and economic benefits, payment techniques, such as electronic tags. Quadrant and Northern Trans-Pennine they provide sufficient revenue to service • Distance between charging points. Routes) through providing expert advice loans or to recover budget, but are not so Some countries specify the distance on transport strategy, planning and land use, and the economic impacts of high as to make them unaffordable or to between charging points to ensure transport investment. seriously discourage their use by motorists. that users are not over-burdened with The level of charge is highly dependent on payment requests and to allow free local Oxford to Cambridge Expressway the level of cost-recovery desired. Charges movements between charging points. Launching the Oxford to Cambridge Expressway study, Roads Minister can be: • Cross subsidy between different parts of the Andrew Jones said “improved road network. Some existing roads are charged • Revenue-maximising. To recover links between Oxford and Cambridge in order to provide revenue for construction as much of the cost, operation and will allow hardworking families to have of new sections of the road network. better access to jobs, shops and leisure maintenance of the facility as possible. facilities.” In collaboration with Highways • Welfare-maximising. To recover a In conclusion, road user charging can provide England and local stakeholders, our work contribution to the operating and will contribute to the consideration a new, stable and dedicated source of maintenance costs of the facility of options for improving connectivity funding for road infrastructure. By applying whilst maximising the economic and between the towns and cities from the ‘user pays’ principle, governments can Oxford to Cambridge, and the extent to social benefit of the infrastructure. direct scarce budget resources elsewhere. which better transport infrastructure • Operation and Maintenance Cost The road user pays for the service offered could support growth by delivering Recovery. To recover the ongoing improvements to productivity and by the road in the same way that railways, operating and maintenance costs of the employment. pipelines, power grids, water, broadcasting and facility, the construction cost having The project was given greater political broadband networks are paid for. However, been paid out of government budgets. significance when, following his road user charges should strike a balance Budget Statement in March, George Charges will also vary according to vehicle between social, environmental and financial Osborne, former British Chancellor classification; time of day/day of week; cost constraints, ranging from those that maximise of Exchequer, asked the National of road construction; social considerations revenue to those that maximise welfare. Infrastructure Commission (NIC) to “make recommendations to maximise (such as High Occupancy Toll lanes); Potential consequences of charging the potential of the Oxford – Cambridge geographical area (such as London Congestion include the uncertainty that revenues will be corridor as a single, knowledge-intensive Charge); and loyalty programmes. sufficient to cover all the costs of construction, cluster that competes on a global Other systems of area charging rely less maintenance and operation (revenue risk). stage.” We look forward to submitting directly on road use. Vignettes are generally Toll roads are rarely self-financing, often still our findings to the NIC and informing their examination of the opportunities economical to operate and overcome some requiring substantial public subsidy, and may presented by the corridor. criticisms of inequity by charging flat fees for create long term liabilities for governments. High access to the road network, thereby providing charges can result in diversion onto less suitable an incentive to users to maximise their use of routes, resulting in the loss of some of the the charged roads. potential economic benefits of the road accruing from improvements in travel time reliability, How to charge equitably and time savings, vehicle operating costs and road proportionally? safety. A charging strategy should be designed to ensure that no road users are severely To find out more contact: disadvantaged in comparison with other road Anita Mauchan users. Various strategies are used in practice e [email protected] to promote charging on an equitable basis. * This article is a summary of an Executive Brief prepared by Matt Bull and Anita Mauchan for the Public-Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility (PPIAF) of the World Bank. Complex questions. Powerful answers.

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