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Periodically Spaced Anticlines of the Columbia Plateau
Geological Society of America Special Paper 239 1989 Periodically spaced anticlines of the Columbia Plateau Thomas R. Watters Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C. 20560 ABSTRACT Deformation of the continental flood-basalt in the westernmost portion of the Columbia Plateau has resulted in regularly spaced anticlinal ridges. The periodic nature of the anticlines is characterized by dividing the Yakima fold belt into three domains on the basis of spacings and orientations: (1) the northern domain, made up of the eastern segments of Umtanum Ridge, the Saddle Mountains, and the Frenchman Hills; (2) the central domain, made up of segments of Rattlesnake Ridge, the eastern segments of Horse Heaven Hills, Yakima Ridge, the western segments of Umtanum Ridge, Cleman Mountain, Bethel Ridge, and Manastash Ridge; and (3) the southern domain, made up of Gordon Ridge, the Columbia Hills, the western segment of Horse Heaven Hills, Toppenish Ridge, and Ahtanum Ridge. The northern, central, and southern domains have mean spacings of 19.6,11.6, and 27.6 km, respectively, with a total range of 4 to 36 km and a mean of 20.4 km (n = 203). The basalts are modeled as a multilayer of thin linear elastic plates with frictionless contacts, resting on a mechanically weak elastic substrate of finite thickness, that has buckled at a critical wavelength of folding. Free slip between layers is assumed, based on the presence of thin sedimentary interbeds in the Grande Ronde Basalt separating groups of flows with an average thickness of roughly 280 m. -
Geologic Map of the Simcoe Mountains Volcanic Field, Main Central Segment, Yakama Nation, Washington by Wes Hildreth and Judy Fierstein
Prepared in Cooperation with the Water Resources Program of the Yakama Nation Geologic Map of the Simcoe Mountains Volcanic Field, Main Central Segment, Yakama Nation, Washington By Wes Hildreth and Judy Fierstein Pamphlet to accompany Scientific Investigations Map 3315 Photograph showing Mount Adams andesitic stratovolcano and Signal Peak mafic shield volcano viewed westward from near Mill Creek Guard Station. Low-relief rocky meadows and modest forested ridges marked by scattered cinder cones and shields are common landforms in Simcoe Mountains volcanic field. Mount Adams (elevation: 12,276 ft; 3,742 m) is centered 50 km west and 2.8 km higher than foreground meadow (elevation: 2,950 ft.; 900 m); its eruptions began ~520 ka, its upper cone was built in late Pleistocene, and several eruptions have taken place in the Holocene. Signal Peak (elevation: 5,100 ft; 1,555 m), 20 km west of camera, is one of largest and highest eruptive centers in Simcoe Mountains volcanic field; short-lived shield, built around 3.7 Ma, is seven times older than Mount Adams. 2015 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Contents Introductory Overview for Non-Geologists ...............................................................................................1 Introduction.....................................................................................................................................................2 Physiography, Environment, Boundary Surveys, and Access ......................................................6 Previous Geologic -
Ringold For111ation and Associated Deposits
LI.I u The Miocene to Pliocene Ringold For111ation and Associated Deposits 0 of the Ancestral Columbia River System, South-central Washington and North-central Oregon by Kevin A. Lindsey WASHINGTON DIVISION OF GEOLOGY I- AND EARTH RESOURCES Open File Report 96-8 c( November 1996 WASHINGTON STATE DEPARTMENTOF Natural Resources Jennifer M. Belcher· Commissioner of Public Lands Kaleen Cottingham· Supervisor CONTENTS 1 Introduction 3 Setting 3 Structural geology 4 Late Neogene depositional framework 6 The Ringold Formation 6 Previous studies 8 Age 8 Stratigraphy 10 Methods 10 Sediment facies associations 14 Facies association I 21 Facies association II 22 Facies association Ill 26 Facies association IV 26 Facies association V 26 Facies association distribution 27 Informal member of Wooded Island 33 Informal member of Taylor Flat 34 Informal member of Savage Island 35 Top of the Ringold Formation 37 Ringold correlatives outside the Pasco Basin 38 Conclusions 40 Acknowledgments 41 References cited Appendices A-D: Measured sections, core geologic logs, cross sections, and isopach and structure contour data, respectively ILLUSTRATIONS 2 Figure 1. Map showing regional geographic setting of the Columbia Basin and Hanford Site, south-central Washington, and north-central Oregon. 4 Figure 2. Map showing geographic setting of the Pasco Basin and Hanford Site, Washington. 5 Figure 3. Maps showing geologic structures in and near the Pasco Basin, and . Hanford Site. 7 Figure 4. Generalized surficial geologic map of the Pasco Basin. 9 Figure 5. Diagram showing late Neogene stratigraphy of the Pasco Basin emphasizing the Ringold Formation. 15 Figure 6. Outcrop photo of facies association I. -
Thesis, "Structure and Evolution of the Horse Heaven Hills in South
AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Michael Curtis Hagood for the Master of Science in Geology presented February 21, 1985. Title: Structure-and Evolution of the Horse Heaven Hills in South-Central Washington. APPROVED BY MEMBERS OF THE THESIS COMMITTEE: Marvin H. Beeson, Chairman Michael L. Cummings Gilbert T. Benson Stephen P. Reidel The Horse Heaven Hills uplift in south-central Washington con- sists of distinct northwest and northeast trends which merge in the lower Yakima Valley. The northwest trend is adjacent to and parallels the Rattlesnake-Wallula alignment (RAW; a part of the Olympic-Wallowa lineament). The northwest trend and northeast trend consist of aligned or en echelon anticlines and monoclines whose axes are gener- ally oriented in the direction of the trend. At the intersection, La 2 folds in the northeast trend plunge onto and are terminated by folds of the northwest trend. The crest of the Horse Heaven Hills uplift within both trends is composed of a series of asymmetric, north vergent, eroded, usually double-hinged anticlines or monoclines. Some of these "major" anti- clines and monoclines are paralleled to the immediate north by lower- relief anticlines or monoclines. All anticlines approach monoclines in geometry and often change to a monoclinal geometry along their length. In both trends, reverse faults commonly parallel the axes of folds within the tightly folded hinge zones. Tear faults cut across the northern limbs of the anticlines and monoclines and are coincident with marked changes in the wavelength of a fold or a change in the trend of a fold. Layer-parallel faults commonly exist along steeply- dipping stratigraphic contacts or zones of preferred weakness in intraflow structures. -
Fossil Fishes from the Miocene Ellensburg Formation, South Central Washington
FISHES OF THE MIO-PLIOCENE WESTERN SNAKE RIVER PLAIN AND VICINITY IV. FOSSIL FISHES FROM THE MIOCENE ELLENSBURG FORMATION, SOUTH CENTRAL WASHINGTON by GERALD R. SMITH, JAMES E. MARTIN, NATHAN E. CARPENTER MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, 204 no. 4 Ann Arbor, December 1, 2018 ISSN 0076-8405 PUBLICATIONS OF THE MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN NO. 204 no.4 WILLIAM FINK, Editor The publications of the Museum of Zoology, The University of Michigan, consist primarily of two series—the Miscellaneous Publications and the Occasional Papers. Both series were founded by Dr. Bryant Walker, Mr. Bradshaw H. Swales, and Dr. W. W. Newcomb. Occasionally the Museum publishes contributions outside of these series. Beginning in 1990 these are titled Special Publications and Circulars and each are sequentially numbered. All submitted manuscripts to any of the Museum’s publications receive external peer review. The Occasional Papers, begun in 1913, serve as a medium for original studies based principally upon the collections in the Museum. They are issued separately. When a sufficient number of pages has been printed to make a volume, a title page, table of contents, and an index are supplied to libraries and individuals on the mailing list for the series. The Miscellaneous Publications, initiated in 1916, include monographic studies, papers on field and museum techniques, and other contributions not within the scope of the Occasional Papers, and are published separately. Each number has a title page and, when necessary, a table of contents. A complete list of publications on Mammals, Birds, Reptiles and Amphibians, Fishes, Insects, Mollusks, and other topics is available. -
Splay-Fault Origin for the Yakima Fold-And-Thrust Belt, Washington State 2 3 Thomas L
1 Splay-fault origin for the Yakima fold-and-thrust belt, Washington State 2 3 Thomas L. Pratt, United States Geological Survey, School of Oceanography, Box 357940, 4 University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98115 5 6 ABSTRACT 7 The Yakima fold-and-thrust belt (YFTB) is a set of anticlines above reverse faults in the 8 Miocene Columbia River Basalt (CRB) flows of Washington State. The YFTB is bisected by the 9 ~1100-km-long Olympic-Wallowa geomorphic lineament (OWL). There is considerable debate 10 about the origin and earthquake potential of the YFTB and OWL, which lie near six major dams 11 and a large nuclear waste storage site. Here I show that the trends of the YFTB anticlines relative 12 to the OWL match remarkably well the trends of the principal stresses determined from Linear 13 Elastic Fracture Mechanics (LEFM) modeling of the end of a vertical strike-slip fault. From this 14 comparison and the termination of some YFTB anticlines at the OWL, I argue that the YFTB 15 formed as splay faults caused by an abrupt decrease in the amount of strike-slip motion along the 16 OWL. If this hypothesis is correct, the OWL and YFTB are likely interconnected, deeply-rooted 17 structures capable of large earthquakes. 18 19 20 INTRODUCTION 21 The Yakima fold and thrust belt (YFTB) of central Washington State is a set of 22 prominent anticlines in the Miocene Columbia River Basalt flows (CRB; figure 1). The YFTB 23 anticlines form three distinct sets (Riedel et al., 1989 and 1994; Watters, 1989). -
Field-Trip Guide to the Vents, Dikes, Stratigraphy, and Structure of the Columbia River Basalt Group, Eastern Oregon and Southeastern Washington
Field-Trip Guide to the Vents, Dikes, Stratigraphy, and Structure of the Columbia River Basalt Group, Eastern Oregon and Southeastern Washington Scientific Investigations Report 2017–5022–N U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Cover. Palouse Falls, Washington. The Palouse River originates in Idaho and flows westward before it enters the Snake River near Lyons Ferry, Washington. About 10 kilometers north of this confluence, the river has eroded through the Wanapum Basalt and upper portion of the Grande Ronde Basalt to produce Palouse Falls, where the river drops 60 meters (198 feet) into the plunge pool below. The river’s course was created during the cataclysmic Missoula floods of the Pleistocene as ice dams along the Clark Fork River in Idaho periodically broke and reformed. These events released water from Glacial Lake Missoula, with the resulting floods into Washington creating the Channeled Scablands and Glacial Lake Lewis. Palouse Falls was created by headward erosion of these floodwaters as they spilled over the basalt into the Snake River. After the last of the floodwaters receded, the Palouse River began to follow the scabland channel it resides in today. Photograph by Stephen P. Reidel. Field-Trip Guide to the Vents, Dikes, Stratigraphy, and Structure of the Columbia River Basalt Group, Eastern Oregon and Southeastern Washington By Victor E. Camp, Stephen P. Reidel, Martin E. Ross, Richard J. Brown, and Stephen Self Scientific Investigations Report 2017–5022–N U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior RYAN K. ZINKE, Secretary U.S. -
Yakima Fold Belt Text
w u 0 by Robert D. Bentley, Newell P. Campbell, and John E. Powell Open File Report 93·3 August 1993 WASHINGTON STATE DEPARTMENTOF Natural Resources Jennifer M. Belcher- Commissioner of Public Lands Kaleen Cottingham - Supervisor Division of Geology and Earth Resources LIBRARY DEPT. OF ~JATURAL RESOURCES GEOLOGY & EARTH RESOURCES DIVISION OL Yi'J!PIA, WA. 98504-7007 GEOLOGIC MAPS OF PART OF THE YAKIMA FOLD BELT, NORTHEASTERN YAKIMA COUNTY, WASHINGTON by Robert D. Bentley, Newell P. Campbell, and John E. Powell WASHINGTON STATE DEPARTMENT OF Natural Resources Jennifer M Belcher-Commissioner of Public Lands Kaleen Cottingham -Supervisor Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources Open File Report 93-3 August 1993 WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES Jennifer M. Belcher - Commissioner of Public Lands Kaleen Cottingham - Supervisor DIVISION OF GEOLOGY AND EARTH RESOURCES Ray Lasmanis, State Geologist This publication is available from: Publications Washington Department of Natural Resources Division of Geology and Earth Resources PO Box 47007 Olympia WA 98504-7007 For more information or a list of publications, call (206) 902-1450. GEOLOGIC MAPS OF PART OF THE YAKIMA FOLD BELT, NORTHEASTERN YAKIMA COUNTY, WASHINGTON Robert D. Bentley, Newell P. Campbell, and John E. Powell INTRODUCTION The maps that make up this report cover four adjoining 15-minute quadrangles (Fig. 1), three in the Toppenish basin on the south and one in the Moxee basin to the north. Detailed discussions of the major geologic structural features of the Yakima Fold Belt, which encompasses these basins, are available in Reidel and Hooper (1989), Campbell and Bentley (1981), and Brown and Ellis (1977). -
Yakima Elk Herd Plan FINAL
Washington State Elk Herd Plan YAKIMA ELK HERD Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife Wildlife Program 600 Capitol Way North Olympia, WA 98501-1091 DECEMBER 2002 Director, Washington Department of Fish and wildlife Date i December 2002 Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife Table of Contents Acknowledgments .................................................................................................................. iv Executive Summary .................................................................................................................v Introduction ................................................................................................................................1 Area Description ........................................................................................................................1 Location............................................................................................................................... 1 Ownership ........................................................................................................................... 3 Topography ..........................................................................................................................3 Vegetation ........................................................................................................................... 4 Human Influences ............................................................................................................... 4 Other Ungulates ................................................................................................................. -
Hanford Reach National Monument Rattlesnake Unit
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Hanford Reach National Monument Rattlesnake Unit Draft Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement for Public Access Estimated Lead Agency Total Costs Associated with Developing and Producing This DEIS $178,000 [Inside Front Cover] Hanford Reach National Monument Rattlesnake Unit Draft Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement for Public Access Prepared by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Mid-Columbia National Wildlife Refuge Complex 64 Maple Street Burbank, Washington 99323 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 911 NE 11th Avenue Portland, Oregon 97232 August 2018 TABLE OF CONTENTS MAPS ........................................................................................................................................... iii-xviii 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Purpose and Need ........................................................................................................................ 1 1.2 Description of the Planning Area ................................................................................................. 1 1.3 Purpose of the Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement .................................................. 4 1.4 Public Involvement and Scoping ................................................................................................. 6 2. Alternatives Considered ................................................................................................................ -
Miocene Woods of Eastern Washington Part 1 INTRODUCTION
Miocene Woods of Eastern Washington Part 1 INTRODUCTION Thomas A. Dillhoff Evolving Earth Foundation PO Box 2090 Issaquah, WA 98027 These pages are dedicated to the memory of Professor George Beck, who was on the faculty of Central Washington University during the middle of the 20th century. Professor Beck spent decades of his life advancing the knowledge of fossil woods found in the western United States and particularly in the Columbia River Basalt flows of eastern Washington. He is also substantially responsible for the establishment of the Ginkgo Petrified Forest State Park at Vantage, Washington. Introduction As you look out across the arid landscape near the town of Vantage in east-central Washington, it is difficult to imagine that the surrounding area was once covered in dense forest. Approximately 16 million years ago, however, that is exactly what it looked like. The Cascade mountain range had not yet risen high enough to cast a rain shadow, the global temperature was warmer than today, and abundant rainfall allowed lush temperate forests to grow in areas that currently support only dry shrub-steppe vegetation characterized by sagebrush, rabbitbrush and bunchgrasses. Landscape view of the Ginkgo Petrified Forest State Park in central Washington State Approximately 17.5 million years ago during the middle of the Miocene epoch, a series of large volcanic eruptions began in the eastern part of the Columbia River Plateau, near the present day borders of Washington, Oregon and Idaho. The scale of the Columbia River Basalt eruptions is immense. The lava from these eruptions was of a very fluid type that flowed across large areas of the landscape. -
Yakima County, Washington
Yakima County, Washington Community Wildfire Protection Plan Cottonwood 2 Fire – June 2014 Approved by: Yakima County Board of Commissioners July 2015 This plan was developed by the Yakima County CWPP Steering Committee. Acknowledgements This Community Wildfire Protection Plan represents the efforts and cooperation of a number of organizations and agencies working together to improve preparedness for wildfire events while reducing factors of risk. Fire District #1 South Yakima Fire District #6 Fire District #2 Conservation Fire District #7 Fire District #3 District Wapato Fire Fire District #9 Dept NORTH YAKIMA CONSERVATION DISTRICT To obtain copies of this plan contact: Yakima County Fire Marshal’s Office 128 North 2nd Street Yakima, Washington 98901 509-574-2300 Or by accessing the Washington Department of Natural Resources webpage at: http://www.dnr.wa.gov/RecreationEducation/Topics/PreventionInformation/Pages/rp_burn_countymiti gation_plans.aspx Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................................................................ II FOREWORD .................................................................................................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 1 ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 3 OVERVIEW OF THIS