Church History Taught from a Solidly Catholic Perspective!

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Church History Taught from a Solidly Catholic Perspective! Church History Taught from a Solidly Catholic Perspective! DVD Our identity as Catholics means that we are the inheritors of the Study deeds of holy men and women who for 2,000 years have built a Date, Time, Locations great civilization and spread the Gospel throughout the world. Church history is not just the recitation of popes, people, places, and events; it is a story of adventure, intrigue, rebellion, reform, and devotion. This story is, in fact, our story; this is our family. If we know our past, and how we fit into the story, we will be better prepared to face whatever may come in the future. You will... • Learn about the major people, places, and events of the two- Registration thousand years of Church history. • Remember the 12 time periods of Church history using a unique color-coded system. • Learn the true story of the Crusades . • Discover the revolutionary character of the Protestant Reformation. • Discover the massive persecution of Christians in the 20th For more information century. • See the workings of the Holy Spirit throughout Church history …and much more! Endorsements “Epic: A Journey Through Church History fills an urgent need for adult Catholics to recover their history as a believing community, debunk false criticisms of their Church, and understand the Christian underpinnings of the modern world. This is a vivid, thorough and About Steve Weidenkopf engaging program. I heartily recommend it.” –Archbishop Charles J. Chaput, O.F.M. Cap. Steve Weidenkopf has a gift for making Catholic Church history come alive for any “This is Catholic history as it should be written, with Christ always audience. He currently serves as a lecturer in at the center, and all the Popes featured and listed, and the great Church History for the Notre Dame Graduate saints and the Doctors of the Church honored.” School of Christendom College. –Warren H. Carroll, Founder, Christendom College period Mustard seed persecution conversion and councils Missionaries and the eMperor crusaders & scholars weak leaders & schisM period Mustard seed persecution conversion and councils Missionaries and the eMperor crusaders & scholars weak leaders & schisM 1. St. Peter (33–67) Color Codes: 6. St. Alexander I (105–115) 18. St. Pontian (230–235) 33. St. Sylvester I (314–335) 59. Vigilius (537–555) 97. St. Leo III (795–816) 153. St. Leo IX (1049–1054) 178. Honorius III (1216–1227) 195. Bl. Benedict XI (1303–1304) 204. Boniface IX (1389–1404) 210. Calixtus III (1455–1458) 1. St. Peter (33–67) Color Codes: 6. St. Alexander I (105–115) 18. St. Pontian (230–235) 33. St. Sylvester I (314–335) 59. Vigilius (537–555) 97. St. Leo III (795–816) 153. St. Leo IX (1049–1054) 178. Honorius III (1216–1227) 195. Bl. Benedict XI (1303–1304) 204. Boniface IX (1389–1404) 210. Calixtus III (1455–1458) 2. St. Linus (67–76) Bold Red = 7. St. Sixtus I (115–125) 20. St. Fabian (236–250) 34. St. Marcus (336) 70. Honorius I (625–638) 106. St. Nicholas I the Great (858–867) 156. Nicholas II (1058–1061) 179. Gregory IX (1227–1241) 196. Clement V (1305–1314) 205. Innocent VII (1404–1406) 211. Pius II (1458–1464) 2. St. Linus (67–76) Bold Red = 7. St. Sixtus I (115–125) 20. St. Fabian (236–250) 34. St. Marcus (336) 70. Honorius I (625–638) 106. St. Nicholas I the Great (858–867) 156. Nicholas II (1058–1061) 179. Gregory IX (1227–1241) 196. Clement V (1305–1314) 205. Innocent VII (1404–1406) 211. Pius II (1458–1464) 3. St. Cletus (76–88) 21 Ecumenical 8. St. Telesphorus (125–136) 21. St. Cornelius (251–253) 36. Liberius (352–366) 74. St. Martin I (649–655) 107. Adrian II (867–872) 160. Bl. Urban II (1088–1099) 181. Innocent IV (1243–1254) 197. John XXII (1316–1334) 206. Gregory XII (1406–1415) 212. Paul II (1464–1471) 3. St. Cletus (76–88) 21 Ecumenical 8. St. Telesphorus (125–136) 21. St. Cornelius (251–253) 36. Liberius (352–366) 74. St. Martin I (649–655) 107. Adrian II (867–872) 160. Bl. Urban II (1088–1099) 181. Innocent IV (1243–1254) 197. John XXII (1316–1334) 206. Gregory XII (1406–1415) 212. Paul II (1464–1471) 4. St. Clement I (88–97) Councils 14. St. Victor I (189–199) 24. St. Sixtus II (257–258) 37. St. Damasus I (366–383) 75. St. Eugenius (655–657) 112. Formosus (891–896) 165. Innocent II (1130–1143) 185. Bl. Gregory X (1271–1276) 201. Bl. Urban V (1362–1370) 207. Martin V (1417–1431) 213. Sixtus IV (1471–1484) 4. St. Clement I (88–97) Councils 14. St. Victor I (189–199) 24. St. Sixtus II (257–258) 37. St. Damasus I (366–383) 75. St. Eugenius (655–657) 112. Formosus (891–896) 165. Innocent II (1130–1143) 185. Bl. Gregory X (1271–1276) 201. Bl. Urban V (1362–1370) 207. Martin V (1417–1431) 213. Sixtus IV (1471–1484) popes 5. St. Evaristus (97–105) Red = Martyrs 16. St. Calixtus I (217–222) 29. St. Marcellinus (296–304) 79. St. Agatho (678–681) 117. John IX (898–900) 168. Bl. Eugenius III (1145–1153) 192. Nicholas IV (1288–1292) 202. Gregory XI (1370–1378) 208. Eugenius IV (1431–1447) 214. Innocentpopes VIII (1484–1492) 5. St. Evaristus (97–105) Red = Martyrs 16. St. Calixtus I (217–222) 29. St. Marcellinus (296–304) 79. St. Agatho (678–681) 117. John IX (898–900) 168. Bl. Eugenius III (1145–1153) 192. Nicholas IV (1288–1292) 202. Gregory XI (1370–1378) 208. Eugenius IV (1431–1447) 214. Innocent VIII (1484–1492) Bold Black = 38. St. Siricius (384–399) Bold Black = 38. St. Siricius (384–399) 17. St. Urban I (222–230) 32. St. Miltiades (311–314) 80. St. Leo II (681–683) 123. John X (914–928) 171. Alexander III (1159–1181) 193. St. Celestine V (1294) 203. Urban VI (1378–1389) 209. Nicholas V (1447–1455) 215. Alexander VI (1492–1503) 17. St. Urban I (222–230) 32. St. Miltiades (311–314) 80. St. Leo II (681–683) 123. John X (914–928) 171. Alexander III (1159–1181) 193. St. Celestine V (1294) 203. Urban VI (1378–1389) 209. Nicholas V (1447–1455) 215. Alexander VI (1492–1503) Doctor of the 42. St. Boniface I (418-422) Doctor of the 42. St. Boniface I (418-422) Church 49. St. Gelasisus I (492–496) 89. St. Gregory II (715–731) 140. Sylvester II (999–1003) Church 49. St. Gelasisus I (492–496) 89. St. Gregory II (715–731) 140. Sylvester II (999–1003) St. Sylvester I St. Damasus I St. Leo I St. Gregory I St. Nicholas I Bl. Urban II St. Gregory VII St. Celestine V St. Sylvester I St. Damasus I St. Leo I St. Gregory I St. Nicholas I Bl. Urban II St. Gregory VII St. Celestine V 1. Pentecost (33) 10. Trajan’s Persecution (98–117) 15. Battle of Milvian Bridge (312) 28. St. Benedict & The Rule (480–543) 40. The Great Schism (1054) 48. The Rise of the Scholastics First 1096–1102 Liberation of Jerusalem–1099 52. Pope Boniface VIII (1294–1303) 1. Pentecost (33) 10. Trajan’s Persecution (98–117) 15. Battle of Milvian Bridge (312) 28. St. Benedict & The Rule (480–543) 40. The Great Schism (1054) 48. The Rise of the Scholastics First 1096–1102 Liberation of Jerusalem–1099 52. Pope Boniface VIII (1294–1303) 2. St. Paul’s Missionary Journeys (45–58) 11. Early Heresies & Schisms 16. Edict of Milan (313) 29. Pope St. Gregory the Great (590–604) 41. Pope St. Gregory VII (1073–1085) St. Anselm of Canterbury (1037–1109) 53. The Avignon Papacy (1309–1378) 2. St. Paul’s Missionary Journeys (45–58) 11. Early Heresies & Schisms 16. Edict of Milan (313) 29. Pope St. Gregory the Great (590–604) 41. Pope St. Gregory VII (1073–1085) St. Anselm of Canterbury (1037–1109) 53. The Avignon Papacy (1309–1378) Second 1147–1149 Siege of Damascus Second 1147–1149 Siege of Damascus 3. Council of Jerusalem (49) 30. 2nd Council of Constantinople (553) 42. The Crusades (see box) Peter Abelard (1079–1142) 3. Council of Jerusalem (49) St. Irenaeus’ Against Heresies (185) 17. Council of Nicaea 30. 2nd Council of Constantinople (553) 42. The Crusades (see box) Peter Abelard (1079–1142) 54. Council of Vienne (1311–1312) St. Irenaeus’ Against Heresies (185) 17. Council of Nicaea (325) Battle of Hattin–1187 54. Council of Vienne (1311–1312) (325) Battle of Hattin–1187 4. The Burning of Rome & Nero’s 12. Decius’ Persecution (249–251) 18. The Beginnings of Monasticism 31. St. Augustine of Canterbury & the Church in England (597) 43. St. Bernard of Clairvaux (1090–1153) Peter Lombard (1160) Jerusalem Falls–1187 55. St. Catherine of Siena (1347–1380) 4. The Burning of Rome & Nero’s 12. Decius’ Persecution (249–251) 18. The Beginnings of Monasticism 31. St. Augustine of Canterbury & the Church in England (597) 43. St. Bernard of Clairvaux (1090–1153) Peter Lombard (1160) Jerusalem Falls–1187 55. St. Catherine of Siena (1347–1380) Persecution (64) 13. Valerian’s Persecution (257–259) 19. St. Athanasius–(Defender of Orthodoxy) (297–373) 32. The Rise of Islam–Mohammed (632) 44. The Lateran Councils St. Bonaventure (1221–1274) 56. The Plague (1347–1350) Persecution (64) 13. Valerian’s Persecution (257–259) 19. St. Athanasius–(Defender of Orthodoxy) (297–373) 32. The Rise of Islam–Mohammed (632) 44. The Lateran Councils St. Bonaventure (1221–1274) 56. The Plague (1347–1350) Third 1189–1192 Truce with Saladin Third 1189–1192 Truce with Saladin 5. Destruction of Jerusalem (70) 14.
Recommended publications
  • Lesser Feasts and Fasts 2018
    Lesser Feasts and Fasts 2018 Conforming to General Convention 2018 1 Preface Christians have since ancient times honored men and women whose lives represent heroic commitment to Christ and who have borne witness to their faith even at the cost of their lives. Such witnesses, by the grace of God, live in every age. The criteria used in the selection of those to be commemorated in the Episcopal Church are set out below and represent a growing consensus among provinces of the Anglican Communion also engaged in enriching their calendars. What we celebrate in the lives of the saints is the presence of Christ expressing itself in and through particular lives lived in the midst of specific historical circumstances. In the saints we are not dealing primarily with absolutes of perfection but human lives, in all their diversity, open to the motions of the Holy Spirit. Many a holy life, when carefully examined, will reveal flaws or the bias of a particular moment in history or ecclesial perspective. It should encourage us to realize that the saints, like us, are first and foremost redeemed sinners in whom the risen Christ’s words to St. Paul come to fulfillment, “My grace is sufficient for you, for my power is made perfect in weakness.” The “lesser feasts” provide opportunities for optional observance. They are not intended to replace the fundamental celebration of Sunday and major Holy Days. As the Standing Liturgical Commission and the General Convention add or delete names from the calendar, successive editions of this volume will be published, each edition bearing in the title the date of the General Convention to which it is a response.
    [Show full text]
  • The Fathers of the Church
    THE FATHERS OF THE CHURCH A NEW TRANSLATION VOLUME 109 THE FATHERS OF THE CHURCH A NEW TRANSLATION EDITORIAL BOARD Thomas P. Halton 17ie Catholic University ofAmerica Editorial Director Elizabeth Clark Robert D. Sider Duhe University Dichinso n College Joseph T. Lienhard Michael Slusser Fordham University Duquesne University Frank A. C. Mantello Cynthia White 17ie Catholic University of America The University of Arizona Kathleen McVey Robin Darling Young Princeton 17ieological Seminary 17ie University of Notre Dame David]. McGonagle Director The Catholic University ofAmerica Press FORMER EDITORIAL DIRECTORS Ludwig Schopp, Roy J. Deferrari, Bernard M. Peebles, Hermigild Dressler, O.F.M. Joel Kalvesmaki Staff Editor ST.PETER CHRYSOLOGUS SELECTED SERMONS VOLUME 2 Translated by WILLIAM B. PALARDY St. John~, Seminary School of 17ieology Brighton, Massachusetts THE CATHOLIC UNIVERSI1Y OF AMERICA PRESS Washington, D.C. CONCORDIA THEOLOGIC/1L SEMINARY LIBRNiY FORT WAYNE, lf~DIM~P. 46825 In memory of my mother and father Copyright © 2004 THE CATHOLIC UNIVERSI1Y OF AMERICA PRESS All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standards for Information Science-Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI z39.48 - 1984. LlnRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUilLICAT!ON DATA Peter, Cluysologus, Saint, Archbishop of Ravenna, ca. 400-450. [Sermons. English. Selections] St. Peter Cluysologus : selected sermons / translated by William B. l',1lanly. p. cm. - (The Fathers of the church, a new translation, v. 109) Vol. 1 published in 1953, by Fathers of the Church, New York, under title: Saint Peter Chrysologus : selected sermons; and Saint Valerian : homilies.
    [Show full text]
  • Erwin Panofsky
    Reprinted from DE ARTIBUS OPUSCULA XL ESSAYS IN HONOR OF ERWIN PANOFSKY Edited l!J M I L LA RD M EIS S New York University Press • I90r Saint Bridget of Sweden As Represented in Illuminated Manuscripts CARL NORDENFALK When faced with the task of choosing an appropriate subject for a paper to be published in honor of Erwin Panofsky most contributors must have felt themselves confronted by an embarras de richesse. There are few main problems in the history of Western art, from the age of manuscripts to the age of movies, which have not received the benefit of Pan's learned, pointed, and playful pen. From this point of view, therefore, almost any subject would provide a suitable opportunity for building on foundations already laid by him to whom we all wish to pay homage. The task becomes at once more difficult if, in addition to this, more specific aims are to be considered. A Swede, for instance, wishing to see the art and culture of his own country play apart in this work, the association with which is itself an honor, would first of all have to ask himself if anything within his own national field of vision would have a meaning in this truly international context. From sight-seeing in the company of Erwin Panofsky during his memorable visit to Sweden in 1952 I recall some monuments and works of art in our country in which he took an enthusiastic interest and pleasure.' But considering them as illustrations for this volume, I have to realize that they are not of the international standard appropriate for such a concourse of contributors and readers from two continents.
    [Show full text]
  • The Holy See
    The Holy See ADDRESS OF HIS HOLINESS BENEDICT XVI TO STUDENTS AND STAFF OF THE VENERABLE ENGLISH COLLEGE Monday, 3 December 2012 Your Eminence, dear Brother Bishops, Monsignor Hudson, Students and Staff of the Venerable English College, It gives me great pleasure to welcome you today to the Apostolic Palace, the House of Peter. I greet my Venerable brother, Cardinal Cormac Murphy-O’Connor, a former Rector of the College, and I thank Archbishop Vincent Nichols for his kind words, spoken on behalf of all present. I too look back with great thanksgiving in my heart to the days that I spent in your country in September 2010. Indeed, I was pleased to see some of you at Oscott College on that occasion, and I pray that the Lord will continue to call forth many saintly vocations to the priesthood and the religious life from your homeland. Through God’s grace, the Catholic community of England and Wales is blessed with a long tradition of zeal for the faith and loyalty to the Apostolic See. At much the same time as your Saxon forebears were building the Schola Saxonum, establishing a presence in Rome close to the tomb of Peter, Saint Boniface was at work evangelizing the peoples of Germany. So as a former priest and Archbishop of the See of Munich and Freising, which owes its foundation to that great English missionary, I am conscious that my spiritual ancestry is linked with yours. Earlier still, of course, my predecessor Pope Gregory the Great was moved to send Augustine of Canterbury to your shores, to plant the seeds of Christian faith on Anglo-Saxon soil.
    [Show full text]
  • Events of the Reformation Part 1 – Church Becomes Powerful Institution
    May 20, 2018 Events of the Reformation Protestants and Roman Catholics agree on first 5 centuries. What changed? Why did some in the Church want reform by the 16th century? Outline Why the Reformation? 1. Church becomes powerful institution. 2. Additional teaching and practices were added. 3. People begin questioning the Church. 4. Martin Luther’s protest. Part 1 – Church Becomes Powerful Institution Evidence of Rome’s power grab • In 2nd century we see bishops over regions; people looked to them for guidance. • Around 195AD there was dispute over which day to celebrate Passover (14th Nissan vs. Sunday) • Polycarp said 14th Nissan, but now Victor (Bishop of Rome) liked Sunday. • A council was convened to decide, and they decided on Sunday. • But bishops of Asia continued the Passover on 14th Nissan. • Eusebius wrote what happened next: “Thereupon Victor, who presided over the church at Rome, immediately attempted to cut off from the common unity the parishes of all Asia, with the churches that agreed with them, as heterodox [heretics]; and he wrote letters and declared all the brethren there wholly excommunicate.” (Eus., Hist. eccl. 5.24.9) Everyone started looking to Rome to settle disputes • Rome was always ending up on the winning side in their handling of controversial topics. 1 • So through a combination of the fact that Rome was the most important city in the ancient world and its bishop was always right doctrinally then everyone started looking to Rome. • So Rome took that power and developed it into the Roman Catholic Church by the 600s. Church granted power to rule • Constantine gave the pope power to rule over Italy, Jerusalem, Constantinople and Alexandria.
    [Show full text]
  • July 25, 2021 the 17Th Sunday in Ordinary Time
    Sunday, July 25, 2021 The 17th Sunday in Ordinary Time Diocese of Amarillo Most Rev. Patrick J. Zurek, Bishop Rev. Grant Spinhirne, Administrator St. Mary’s Holy Name of Jesus 22830 Pondaseta Road 317 W. Main P.O. Box 105 P.O. Box 128 Umbarger, TX 79091 Happy, TX 79042 (806) 499-3531 (806) 558-2871 WWW.STMARYSUMBARGER.COM Mass Schedule Umbarger Happy Mon, July 26 Sts. Joachim & Anne No Mass No Mass Tue, July 27 7 PM - Jim Grabber No Mass Wed, July 28 8 AM - Micky Porter No Mass Thu, July 29 St. Martha 8 AM - Knights of Columbus 7 PM - Fri, July 30 St. Peter Chrysologus 8 AM - Don & Amy Marshall No Mass Sat, July 31 St. Ignatius of Loyola No Mass 5:30 PM - Parish Family Sun, Aug 1 The 18th Sunday in 9:00 AM - Parish Family No Mass Ordinary Time Sunday, July 25, 2021 The 17th Sunday in Ordinary Time ST. MARY’S Divine Mercy Chaplet: 1st Sunday at 10:30 AM Tips on how to invite fallen-away Catholics back into Anointing of the Sick: By Request the Church th CYO 4 Sunday 6:00 pm. at the Hall By Philip Kosloski CCD: Sundays at 10:15-11:30 St. Ambrose suggests that gentleness and mercy are required Liturgy Sign-up Sheet: is located in the back of to welcome stray sheep back into the fold. the Church. Please sign up for Lector, Eucharistic Sometimes Catholics “fall away” from the Church for various Minister and Altar Servers! reasons, and many remain detached from the Church for the rest of their lives.
    [Show full text]
  • Pope Francis and the Challenges of Inter-Civilization Diplomacy
    ARTIGO Pope Francis and the challenges of inter-civilization diplomacy O Papa Francisco e os desafios de uma diplomacia inter-civilizacional http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-7329201500204 BORIS VUKIĆEVIĆ* Rev. Bras. Polít. Int. 58 (2): 65-79 [2015] Introduction The Holy See, as the governing body of the Roman Catholic Church, has been a major player in international politics for many centuries. It has survived many attacks and persecutions, and has remained recognized as the subject of international law and international relations in the contemporary world, which makes it unique among religious organizations. Throughout its long history, the Holy See has survived turmoil. First, in its very beginning, the Roman Empire persecuted Christianity, forcing the early Church to be a clandestine organization whose first leaders were either executed or incarcerated. Then, after the Church was recognized, its status significantly improved. In 754 the Donation of Pepin founded the Papal State, making the Bishop of Rome - now known as the pope - the ruler of the independent state. Still, the papacy faced a new set of troubles. Long lasting conflict with the Holy Roman emperors and a power struggle with the kings of France forced the Holy See to temporarily move its seat to Avignon. During its time in Avignon, the Church did not have dominance in European affairs as it did during much of the rest of the medieval period. The Age of Enlightenment brought even tougher times for the Catholic Church, and Pope Pius VII was even arrested and humiliated by Napoleon at the pinnacle of Napoleon’s military might.
    [Show full text]
  • Abbot Suger's Consecrations of the Abbey Church of St. Denis
    DE CONSECRATIONIBUS: ABBOT SUGER’S CONSECRATIONS OF THE ABBEY CHURCH OF ST. DENIS by Elizabeth R. Drennon A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History Boise State University August 2016 © 2016 Elizabeth R. Drennon ALL RIGHTS RESERVED BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY GRADUATE COLLEGE DEFENSE COMMITTEE AND FINAL READING APPROVALS of the thesis submitted by Elizabeth R. Drennon Thesis Title: De Consecrationibus: Abbot Suger’s Consecrations of the Abbey Church of St. Denis Date of Final Oral Examination: 15 June 2016 The following individuals read and discussed the thesis submitted by student Elizabeth R. Drennon, and they evaluated her presentation and response to questions during the final oral examination. They found that the student passed the final oral examination. Lisa McClain, Ph.D. Chair, Supervisory Committee Erik J. Hadley, Ph.D. Member, Supervisory Committee Katherine V. Huntley, Ph.D. Member, Supervisory Committee The final reading approval of the thesis was granted by Lisa McClain, Ph.D., Chair of the Supervisory Committee. The thesis was approved for the Graduate College by Jodi Chilson, M.F.A., Coordinator of Theses and Dissertations. DEDICATION I dedicate this to my family, who believed I could do this and who tolerated my child-like enthusiasm, strange mumblings in Latin, and sudden outbursts of enlightenment throughout this process. Your faith in me and your support, both financially and emotionally, made this possible. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank Dr. Lisa McClain for her support, patience, editing advice, and guidance throughout this process. I simply could not have found a better mentor.
    [Show full text]
  • St Bridget of Sweden –
    St Bridget of Sweden – From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Bridget of Sweden (c. 1303 – 23 July 1373); born as Birgitta Birgersdotter, also Birgitta of Vadstena, or Saint Birgitta (Swedish: heliga Birgitta), was a mystic and saint, and founder of the Bridgettines nuns and monks after the death of her husband of twenty years. Outside of Sweden, she was also known as the Princess of Nericia[2] and was the mother of Catherine of Vadstena. (Though normally named as Bridget of Sweden, she was not a member of Swedish royalty.) She is one of the six patron saints of Europe, together with Benedict of Nursia, Saints Cyril and Methodius, Catherine of Siena and Edith Stein. The most celebrated saint of Sweden was the daughter of the knight Birger Persson[3] of the family of Finsta, governor and lawspeaker of Uppland, and one of the richest landowners of the country, and his wife Ingeborg Bengtsdotter, a member of the so-called Lawspeaker branch of theFolkunga family. Through her mother, Ingeborg, Birgitta was related to the Swedish kings of her era. She was born in 1303. There is no exact recording for which precise date. In 1316, at the age of 14[3] she married Ulf Gudmarsson of the family of Ulvåsa, Lord of Närke, to whom she bore eight children, four daughters and four sons. Six survived infancy, which was rare at that time. Her eldest daughter was Märta Ulfsdotter. Her second daughter is now honored as St. Catherine of Sweden. Her youngest daughter was Cecilia Ulvsdotter. Bridget became known for her works of charity, particularly toward Östergötland’s unwed mothers and their children.
    [Show full text]
  • Awka Journal 2012 Print
    The Babylonian Captivity of the Popes: Lessons for the 21st Century Church Leaders Chinedu E. Nnatuanya Abstract Since the death and resurrection of Christ, the church has been a focal point in the history and development of the human race. Church as an institution has been a determinant factor in the socio-economic, politico-cultural and religious segments of the society. As a great player, its success has been the success of the society and its failure the failure of humanity. However, this institution has affected the society positively and negatively through her various stages it has passed since inception. Nevertheless, looking at the present church characterized with politics of rancor, struggle for power, excesses and abuses, intolerance, corruption, divide and rule, ethnicity, favoritism among others, it seemed as if to say that the church has not learnt from her passed. The captivity of the popes has a great volume of lesson for present leaders in a view to have rethink. Therefore, this work ventures at investigating why this captivity in order to prevent such event in this present time. Introduction Since the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ, the church has metamorphosed into series of stages. It has been persecuted more than any other institution yet has survived. In each period the church came out not being the same. However, between 1305-1416 the church passed through prolonged period of crises during which it seems that the church is doomed to destruction. It found its authority undermined, openly challenged and divided among rivals. Although, at the end, it emerged with its authority, yet the struggle for supremacy brought about significant changes to the structure of the church and sowed the seed that germinated during the reformation era.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 1 Barbarian Agency and Imperial Withdrawal: the Causes And
    Chapter 1 Barbarian agency and imperial withdrawal: the causes and consequences of political change in fourth- and fifth-century Trier and Cologne Introduction Snapshots from the years 310, 410, and 510 reveal that the political landscape of the Rhineland changed almost beyond recognition over the course of three centuries. In 310 AD, Trier was one of the foremost cities of the Roman Empire, acting as a main residence of the Emperor Constantine and the seat of the Gallic praetorian prefecture. In Cologne, meanwhile, the completion of the fortress of Divitia just across the Rhine reinforced the city’s significance in the context of imperial defensive strategy. By 410 AD, however, both the imperial residence and the praetorian prefecture had been removed from Trier, and many frontier troops who had been stationed near Cologne were gone. The Rhineland had suffered an apparently devastating barbarian invasion, that of the Vandals, Alans, and Sueves in 406, and was to face many more attacks in the coming half-century. After the invasion, the legitimate emperors were never to re- establish their firm control in the region, and the reign of the usurper Constantine III (407 - 411) marked the last period of effective imperial rule. Around 510 AD, the last vestiges of imperial political power had vanished, and both Trier and Cologne were part of the Frankish kingdom of Clovis. The speed and extent of this change must have dramatically affected many aspects of life within the cities, and, as such, it is crucial that we seek to understand what brought it about. In so doing, we must consider the fundamental question of whether responsibility for the collapse of imperial power in the Rhineland ultimately lies with the imperial authorities themselves, who withdrew from the region, or with the 11 various barbarian groups, who launched attacks on the frontier provinces and undermined the Empire’s control.
    [Show full text]
  • Conquering the Conqueror at Belgrade (1456) and Rhodes (1480
    Conquering the conqueror at Belgrade (1456) and Rhodes (1480): irregular soldiers for an uncommon defense Autor(es): De Vries, Kelly Publicado por: Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra URL persistente: URI:http://hdl.handle.net/10316.2/41538 DOI: DOI:https://doi.org/10.14195/2183-8925_30_13 Accessed : 5-Oct-2021 13:38:47 A navegação consulta e descarregamento dos títulos inseridos nas Bibliotecas Digitais UC Digitalis, UC Pombalina e UC Impactum, pressupõem a aceitação plena e sem reservas dos Termos e Condições de Uso destas Bibliotecas Digitais, disponíveis em https://digitalis.uc.pt/pt-pt/termos. Conforme exposto nos referidos Termos e Condições de Uso, o descarregamento de títulos de acesso restrito requer uma licença válida de autorização devendo o utilizador aceder ao(s) documento(s) a partir de um endereço de IP da instituição detentora da supramencionada licença. Ao utilizador é apenas permitido o descarregamento para uso pessoal, pelo que o emprego do(s) título(s) descarregado(s) para outro fim, designadamente comercial, carece de autorização do respetivo autor ou editor da obra. Na medida em que todas as obras da UC Digitalis se encontram protegidas pelo Código do Direito de Autor e Direitos Conexos e demais legislação aplicável, toda a cópia, parcial ou total, deste documento, nos casos em que é legalmente admitida, deverá conter ou fazer-se acompanhar por este aviso. impactum.uc.pt digitalis.uc.pt Kelly DeVries Revista de Historia das Ideias Vol. 30 (2009) CONQUERING THE CONQUEROR AT BELGRADE (1456) AND RHODES (1480): IRREGULAR SOLDIERS FOR AN UNCOMMON DEFENSE(1) Describing Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II's military goals in the mid- -fifteenth century, contemporary Ibn Kemal writes: "Like the world-illuminating sun he succumbed to the desire for world conquest and it was his plan to burn with overpowering fire the agricultural lands of the rebellious rulers who were in the provinces of the land of Rüm [the Byzantine Empire!.
    [Show full text]