FRENCH and ENGLISH DR/Illla
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
NEGOTIATIONS at ROME Hannibal, One of History's Great Failures, Had Been Driven from Italy, Defeated in Mrica, and His Flight Fr
CHAPTER SIX NEGOTIATIONS AT ROME Hannibal, one of history's great failures, had been driven from Italy, defeated in Mrica, and his flight from his home city in 195 marked him also as a failed politician in Carthage after the peace. He had arrived in the city from Italy as a stranger, and his assumption of authority had not been a wholly popular move with those who believed such a position should be their own. There had always been a faction in the city which had been anti-Barkid, and which had thus at various times been anti-imperialist, anti-war, or pro-Roman. By 195, Hannibal had made himself sufficiently disliked to fear for his life, and he fled Mrica in a prepared ship, as he had fled Italy. 1 For a man such as Hannibal there was now only one place to go. The whole of the western Mediterranean, all of Greece, and Egypt were subject to, or friendly towards, Rome, and so were closed to him. Only the Seleukid empire could provide him with a refuge, and this was all the more suitable since Carthage's home city was Tyre, one of Antiochos III's recent conquests. He was the most famous Phoenician of his time; Tyre was a natural refuge for him, where he would be welcomed. Extradition thence, no matter what Antiochos' power or Rome's insistence, would be effectively impossible. It is important to note that Hannibal was not harried out of Carthage by Rome: he fled the city because he was in danger from his fellow-citizens. -
75 AD FABIUS 270-203 BC Plutarch Translated
75 AD FABIUS 270-203 B.C. Plutarch translated by John Dryden Plutarch (46-120) - Greek biographer, historian, and philosopher, sometimes known as the encyclopaedist of antiquity. He is most renowned for his series of character studies, arranged mostly in pairs, known as “Plutarch’s Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans” or “Parallel Lives.” Fabius (75 AD) - A study of the life of Fabius, a Roman consul. FABIUS HAVING related the memorable actions of Pericles, our history now proceeds to the life of Fabius. A son of Hercules and a nymph, of some woman of that country, who brought him forth on the banks of Tiber, was, it is said, the first Fabius, the founder of the numerous and distinguished family of the name. Others will have it that they were first called Fodii, because the first of the race delighted in digging pitfalls for wild beasts, fodere being still the Latin for to dig, and fossa for a ditch, and that in process of time, by the change of the two letters, they grew to be called Fabii. But be these things true or false, certain it is that this family for a long time yielded a great number of eminent persons. Our Fabius, who was fourth in descent from that Fabius Rullus who first brought the honourable surname of Maximus into his family, was also, by way of personal nickname, called Verrucosus, from a wart on his upper lip; and in his childhood they in like manner named him Ovicula, or The Lamb, on account of his extreme mildness of temper. -
Enrichment: Hannibal
THE ROMAN REPUBLIC SECTION 4 Name ________________________________________________ Class ________________________ Date ______________ Enrichment: Hannibal Directions Read the selection below. Answer the questions that follow and complete the activity. Carthaginian general Hannibal is considered one of history’s greatest military leaders. His military judgment can perhaps be traced to his earliest days. The son of a general, nine-year-old Hannibal went with his father to war in Spain. His father taught him about the military and also taught him to hate Rome, which had earlier defeated Carthage in war. Over the next 15 years Hannibal also learned how to fight. When he became general in Spain in 221 B.C., he was an experienced military leader. After crossing the Alps with his war elephants in 218 B.C., Hannibal used clever tactics to outsmart the Romans. In three great battles he defeated one Roman army after another. The last of these was the Battle of Cannae, in 216. There, he cornered the Roman army. Carthaginian armies lost just 6,000 to 7,000 men and killed more than 50,000 Roman soldiers. After Cannae, success shifted to the Romans, in part because they beat Hannibal at his own tactical game. For example, they learned to fight Hannibal’s war elephants. Rather than flee in panic when the Carthaginian elephants charged, the Roman maniples stood aside and let the elephants pass. The Romans used the advantage they had of fighting in their own territory to wear down Hannibal. Instead of starting battles, the Romans delayed while the Carthaginians ran out of supplies. -
ROMAN POLITICS DURING the JUGURTHINE WAR by PATRICIA EPPERSON WINGATE Bachelor of Arts in Education Northeastern Oklahoma State
ROMAN POLITICS DURING THE JUGURTHINE WAR By PATRICIA EPPERSON ,WINGATE Bachelor of Arts in Education Northeastern Oklahoma State University Tahlequah, Oklahoma 1971 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS May, 1975 SEP Ji ·J75 ROMAN POLITICS DURING THE JUGURTHINE WAR Thesis Approved: . Dean of the Graduate College 91648 ~31 ii PREFACE The Jugurthine War occurred within the transitional period of Roman politics between the Gracchi and the rise of military dictators~ The era of the Numidian conflict is significant, for during that inter val the equites gained political strength, and the Roman army was transformed into a personal, professional army which no longer served the state, but dedicated itself to its commander. The primary o~jec tive of this study is to illustrate the role that political events in Rome during the Jugurthine War played in transforming the Republic into the Principate. I would like to thank my adviser, Dr. Neil Hackett, for his patient guidance and scholarly assistance, and to also acknowledge the aid of the other members of my counnittee, Dr. George Jewsbury and Dr. Michael Smith, in preparing my final draft. Important financial aid to my degree came from the Dr. Courtney W. Shropshire Memorial Scholarship. The Muskogee Civitan Club offered my name to the Civitan International Scholarship Selection Committee, and I am grateful for their ass.istance. A note of thanks is given to the staff of the Oklahoma State Uni versity Library, especially Ms. Vicki Withers, for their overall assis tance, particularly in securing material from other libraries. -
CEMA Regular Lecture Series, 2011-2012
Volume 2 November 2012 CEMA Centre d’Études Maghrébines en Algérie Newsletter Letter from the Director, Dr. CEMA Special Lecture Series: CEMA Activities at a Glance Robert P. Parks, and Letter The Saharan Lectures & The Pages 5-9 from Associate Director, Dr. CEMA Public Health Lecture Karim Ouaras Series Outreach, AIMS 2013 CFP, Page 2-3 Page 4 Scholars, Recent Publications Pages 10-14 ; Volume Volume 22 2 NovemberNovember 20122012 Letter from CEMA Director, Dr. Robert P. Parks 2011-2012 has been an exciting year at CEMA. Between November 2011 and October 2012, more than 90 researchers spoke at CEMA activities – at fifteen lectures, two thematic round-table activities, two symposia, one six-week fellowship, and one three-day conference. CEMA assisted the research of 47 American and international scholars. And we received nearly 6,500 walk-in visits to the center. Activity is booming and as CEMA grows, so does its audience. We hope to be able to expand our activities to Algiers and the universities and research institutes of the Center of the country this year. Programmatically, we have been active. This year CEMA organized twelve lectures as part of its regular lecture series, which primarily highlights new or on-going research in history, politics, and sociology. CEMA also organizes three special lecture series: ‘the Oran Lecture,’ ‘the Saharan Lectures,’ and a new series on Public Health. ‘The Oran Lecture,’ which we hope to recommence this year, highlights the research of non-Orani Maghrebi scholars in the social sciences and the humanities. Co- organized with the National Research Center for Social and Cultural Anthropology (CRASC), ‘The Saharan Lectures’ builds from the AIMS-West African Research Association (WARA) Saharan Crossroads Initiative, which seeks to underscore the cultural, economic, and social links between the Maghreb and Sahel region. -
Rome Conquers the Western Mediterranean (264-146 B.C.) the Punic Wars
Rome Conquers the Western Mediterranean (264-146 B.C.) The Punic Wars After subjugating the Greek colonies in southern Italy, Rome sought to control western Mediterranean trade. Its chief rival, located across the Mediterranean in northern Africa, was the city-state of Carthage. Originally a Phoenician colony, Carthage had become a powerful commercial empire. Rome defeated Carthage in three Punic (Phoenician) Wars and gained mastery of the western Mediterranean. The First Punic War (264-241 B.C.) Fighting chiefly on the island of Sicily and in the Mediterranean Sea, Rome’s citizen-soldiers eventually defeated Carthage’s mercenaries(hired foreign soldiers). Rome annexed Sicily and then Sardinia and Corsica. Both sides prepared to renew the struggle. Carthage acquired a part of Spain and recruited Spanish troops. Rome consolidated its position in Italy by conquering the Gauls, thereby extending its rule northward from the Po River to the Alps. The Second Punic War (218-201 B.C.) Hannibal, Carthage’s great general, led an army from Spain across the Alps and into Italy. At first he won numerous victories, climaxed by the battle of Cannae. However, he was unable to seize the city of Rome. Gradually the tide of battle turned in favor of Rome. The Romans destroyed a Carthaginian army sent to reinforce Hannibal, then conquered Spain, and finally invaded North Africa. Hannibal withdrew his army from Italy to defend Carthage but, in the Battle of Zama, was at last defeated. Rome annexed Carthage’s Spanish provinces and reduced Carthage to a second-rate power. Hannibal of Carthage Reasons for Rome’s Victory • superior wealth and military power, • the loyalty of most of its allies, and • the rise of capable generals, notably Fabius and Scipio. -
Punic Wars Rome Vs. Carthage.Pdf
Bellringer The Punic Wars were a series of three showdowns between ancient world powers Rome and Carthage. What might have led to this confrontation? Bellringer How did the expansion of the Roman Republic change Roman government over time? Were these changes positive or negative? 16 O KPREP Objective I can identify the causes and effects of the Punic Wars Complete the Foldable! You will have 15 minutes to complete your Foldable. If you have finished, complete DBQ that was passed out last week. If that is completed, move on to Social Media activity. The Punic Wars Carthage Dispute over control of Sicily and trade routes in the western Carthage Mediterranean had been Result was the three brought Rome into founded as Punic Wars conflict with the Phoenician powerful North 264-146 BC colony 500 African city-state of years earlier Carthage The First Punic War Primarily a naval war Tactics: maneuver ship to ram and sink enemy Carthage: very good, experienced naval power Rome: small navy, little experience Defeated repeatedly by Carthaginian navy ROME WINS THE FIRST ONE Rome would not surrender Finally turned tables on Carthage by changing rules of naval warfare Equipped ships with huge hooks and stationed soldiers on ships Would hook enemy ship, pull nearby, board it with soldiers Converted naval warfare into mini-land battles, something Rome was very good at The Second Punic War "Hannibal ad portas" (“Hannibal is at the Gates!”) Carthagian general Hannibal surprises Romans, leads army from Spain, through southern France and the Alps Invades -
Carthaginian Mercenaries: Soldiers of Fortune, Allied Conscripts, and Multi-Ethnic Armies in Antiquity Kevin Patrick Emery Wofford College
Wofford College Digital Commons @ Wofford Student Scholarship 5-2016 Carthaginian Mercenaries: Soldiers of Fortune, Allied Conscripts, and Multi-Ethnic Armies in Antiquity Kevin Patrick Emery Wofford College Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.wofford.edu/studentpubs Part of the Ancient History, Greek and Roman through Late Antiquity Commons, and the Military History Commons Recommended Citation Emery, Kevin Patrick, "Carthaginian Mercenaries: Soldiers of Fortune, Allied Conscripts, and Multi-Ethnic Armies in Antiquity" (2016). Student Scholarship. Paper 11. http://digitalcommons.wofford.edu/studentpubs/11 This Honors Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ Wofford. It has been accepted for inclusion in Student Scholarship by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Wofford. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Wofford College Carthaginian Mercenaries: Soldiers of Fortune, Allied Conscripts, and Multi-Ethnic Armies in Antiquity An Honors Thesis Submitted to The Faculty of the Department of History In Candidacy For An Honors Degree in History By Kevin Patrick Emery Spartanburg, South Carolina May 2016 1 Introduction The story of the mercenary armies of Carthage is one of incompetence and disaster, followed by clever innovation. It is a story not just of battles and betrayal, but also of the interactions between dissimilar peoples in a multiethnic army trying to coordinate, fight, and win, while commanded by a Punic officer corps which may or may not have been competent. Carthaginian mercenaries are one piece of a larger narrative about the struggle between Carthage and Rome for dominance in the Western Mediterranean, and their history illustrates the evolution of the mercenary system employed by the Carthaginian Empire to extend her power and ensure her survival. -
Introduction
Southern Ontario Model United Nations Assembly XLIV Crisis: Second Punic War Introduction: Delegates, Welcome to the Southern Ontario Model United Nations Assembly’s Second Punic War Historical Crisis. The Second Punic War, also known as the Hannibalic War, was a conflict that occurred from 218 – 201 BCE in the Western Mediterranean. The war was fought between Carthage, a dominant commercial empire, and the emerging power of Rome. This conflict marked the second time that the two powers had fought, and with Rome having been victorious in the first Punic War thirty years prior, Carthage was eager for revenge. It also featured the rise to the annals of history a variety of great men, such as legendary Carthaginian general Hannibal Barca and Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus. The rise of Rome in the Western Mediterranean would lead to an epic showdown that would change the course of history. In this particular committee, the SOMA Crisis Staff and Heads will create a simulation of these historical events, hopefully making them as enjoyable and interesting as possible, while maintaining historical fidelity. This background guide will give you a basic Page |1 Southern Ontario Model United Nations Assembly XLIV Crisis: Second Punic War knowledge of both the situation and how you, as a delegate, can influence the Crisis, but further research, as well as inquiry into the process of Crisis is welcome and encouraged. With all this in mind, we are excited to welcome you to SOMA XLIV Crisis Committee and we hope you enjoy your time with us. Margaret Fei Clarke VandenHoven Alec Sampaleanu Helen Kwong Director of Crisis Head of Crisis Jr. -
Plutarch Second Proofs
5 - - ASEMOTATOS OR AUTOKRATOR? OBSCURITY AND GLORY IN PLUTARCH’S SERTORIUS Jeffrey Beneker The opening chapter of Plutarch’s Life of Sertorius introduces the reader to a simple hero. As Plutarch compares Sertorius to famous generals of the past and to his own contemporaries, he describes an impressive but rather one-dimensional figure: a skilled warrior who was ultimately defeated not by his enemies but by fortune. In the course of the Life, however, Sertorius’ words and deeds disclose nuances of character that enrich the simple portrait drawn in the introduction. From the eager warrior there gradually emerges a weary but principled general with an aversion to war. Even so, Plutarch provides very little direct commentary to help shape the reader’s changing view of his hero. As a result of this narratorial silence, important questions about Sertorius’ character are raised but left unanswered. In this paper, I argue that comparative readings in the Lives of other late- Republican statesmen – Lucullus, Marius, Sulla, Pompey, and Caesar – can supply the missing commentary. These other Lives help to reveal the character that lay behind Sertorius’ unusual attitude toward war. Moreover, by considering these texts in parallel, the reader develops a more complete understanding of Plutarch’s view of the human factors that produced the civil strife that destabilized Rome in the early first century BC. As the Life opens, Plutarch presents Sertorius’ approach to war as exemplary rather than unusual. He begins with a discussion of how some people ascribe great importance to the superficial similarities that connect the lives of different men. -
Bad Girls Handout Revised
STEPHANIE DRAY LILY OF THE NILE A NOVEL OF www.stephaniedray.com CLEOPATRA’S : DAUGHTER Hits Bookshelves January 2011 A survey of women’s history through the eyes of a historical fiction Bad Girls of the Ancient World novelist. HOW TO FALL AFOUL OF THE PATRIARCHY IN THREE EASY STEPS PICK UP A WEAPON Though examples of warrior women can be found in ancient literature even before the appearance of the Amazons in Homer’s tales, women who fought were considered to be unnatural. DABBLE IN PHILOSOPHY, RELIGION OR MAGIC For the ancients, religion was mostly a matter Queen Cleopatra VII, of Egypt for the state. The idea that a god of the pantheon might take a personal interest in a woman beyond seducing her or punishing her was preposterous. Consequently, priestesses were often viewed with suspicion. Alexander the Great’s mother, Olympias, was always suspected of sorcery, in part, because King Phillip fell in love with her during a religious initiation. Queen Zenobia of Palmyra Olympias of Macedonia BE SEXY Ancient man feared female sexuality and the These historical women have been painted and sway it might have over his better judgment. sculpted throughout the ages. If well-behaved The surest propaganda against an ancient women seldom make history, this should tell you queen was to depict her as a licentious seductress; a charge that has never clung with something about these ladies. more tenacity to any woman than it has to Cleopatra VII of Egypt. Copyright © 2011 Stephanie Dray, All Rights Reserved BAD GIRLS OF THE ANCIENT WORLD! PAGE2 Queen Dido commits suicide Pierre-Narcisse, baron Guérin’s painting of the famous but fictional romance between Dido and Aeneas Timeline & Relationships Dido of Carthage 800 BC Cleopatra Selene’s husband, King Dido Juba II, claimed descent from this legendary queen Queen Dido of Carthage (also Olympias of Macedonia 375 BC Alexander the Great was the son known as Elissa) was of this ambitious woman. -
The Story of Carthage, Because One Has to Tell It Without Sympathy, and from the Standpoint of Her Enemies
li^!*^'*,?*^','. K lA, ZT—iD v^^ )A Cfce ®tor? of tfte iSations. CARTHAGE THE STORY OF THE NATIONS. Large Crown 8vo, Cloth, Illustrated, ^s. 1. ROME. Arthur Oilman, M.A. 2. THE JEWS. Prof. J. K. Hosmer. 3. GERMANY. Rev. S. Baring-Gould, M.A. 4. CARTHAGE. Prof. A. J. Church. 5. ALEXANDER'S EMPIRE. Prof. J. P. Mahaffy. 6. THE MOORS IN SPAIN. Stanley Lane-Poole. 7. ANCIENT EGYPT. Canon Raw- LINSON. 8. HUNGARY. Prof. A. Vambery. 9. THE SARACENS. A. Oilman, M.A. 10. IRELAND. Hon. Emily Lawless. 11. THE GOTHS. Henry Bradley. 12. CHALD^A. Z. A. Ragozin. 13. THE TURKS. Stanley Lane-Poole. 14. ASSYRIA. Z. A. Ragozin. 15. HOLLAND. Prof. J. E. Thorold Rogers. 16. PERSIA. S.W.Benjamin. London ; T. PISHEE UNWIN, 2 6, Paternoster Square, E.G. CARTHAGE OR THE EMPIRE OF AFRICA ALFRED J. CHURCH, M.A. '* PROFESSOR OF LATIN IN UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, LONDON, AUTHOR OP STORIES FROM HOMER," ETC., ETC. WITH THE COLLABORA TION OF ARTHUR OILMAN, M.A. THIRD EDITION, gtrnhon T. FISHER UNWIN 26 PATERNOSTER SQUARE NEW YORK : O. P. PUTNAM'S SONS MDCCCLXXXVII SEEN BY PRESERVATION SERVICES M } 7 4Q«^ Entered at Stationers' Hall By T. fisher UNWIN. Copyright by G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1886 (For the United States of America), PREFACE. It is difficult to tell the story of Carthage, because one has to tell it without sympathy, and from the standpoint of her enemies. It is a great advantage, on the other hand, that the materials are of a manage- able amount, and that a fairly complete narrative may be given within a moderate compass.