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Two New Cichlid Species from the Rio Negro and the Rio Tapajós, Amazon Drainage, Brazil

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Two New Cichlid Species from the Rio Negro and the Rio Tapajós, Amazon Drainage, Brazil Vertebrate Zoology 60 (2) 2010 123 123 – 138 © Museum für Tierkunde Dresden, ISSN 1864-5755, 15.09.2010 Description of Dicrossus foirni sp. n. and Dicrossus warzeli sp. n. (Teleostei: Perciformes: Cichlidae), two new cichlid species from the Rio Negro and the Rio Tapajós, Amazon drainage, Brazil UWE RÖMER 1, INGO J. HAHN 2 & PABLO M. VERGARA 3 1 University of Trier, Inst. Biogeography, Dep. Geo-Sciences, Am Wissenschaftspark 25 – 27, D-54296 Trier, Germany eu.roemer(at)t-online.de (corresponding author) 2 Biogeography and Animal Ecology Res. Group, Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Str. 26 – 28, D-48149 Münster, Germany 3 Department of Engineer Geography, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. Lib. B. O’Higgins 3363, P.C.: 7254758, Santiago, Chile Received on June 19, 2010, accepted on July 30, 2010. Published online at www.vertebrate-zoology.de on September 02, 2010. > Abstract Dicrossus foirni sp. n. and Dicrossus warzeli sp. n. are described from the Brazilian Amazon River system. Both species are differentiated from all other Neotropical cichlids by exhibiting three rows of longitudinal lateral spots. Dicrossus foirni sp. n., which is distributed in the northern Rio Negro drainage, exhibits a pattern of lateral spots formed by the clustering of individual dots. By contrast, Dicrossus warzeli sp. n., which is endemic to the Rio Tapajós, exhibits three longitudinal rows of horizontal dash-like spots on the sides of the body. Furthermore, the two species are distinguished by having different relationships between body height and body length. > Resumen Dicrossus foirni sp. n. y Dicrossus warzeli sp. n. son descritas en la region del Río Amazonas. Ambas especies se differencian de todos los otros ciclides neotropicales en la composición y localización de sus tres bandas laterales. Dicrossus foirni sp. n., que se distribuye en la región Norte del Río Negro, muestra un patrón de manchas laterales la cual es formada por grupos de puntos individuales. Al contrario, el Dicrossus warzeli sp. n, que es endemico del Río Tapajós, muestra bandas delgadas continuas a ambos lados del abdomen. Además, ambas especies se distinguen por tener diferentes relaciones entre la altura corporal y el largo corporal. > Kurzfassung Dicrossus foirni sp. n. und Dicrossus warzeli sp. n. werden aus dem brasilianischen Amazonaseinzug beschrieben. Die beiden Arten unterscheiden sich durch eine Anordnung von jeweils drei länglichen Fleckenreihen von allen anderen neotropischen Cichliden. Dicrossus foirni sp. n., die im nördlichen Rio Negro-Einzugsgebiet verbreitet sind, sind durch aus Einzelfl ecken zusammengesetzten Lateralmuster gekennzeichnet. Die im Rio Tapajós endemischen Dicrossus warzeli sp. n tragen hingegen Reihen durchgehender schmaler Längsstriche auf den Körperseiten. Beide Arten sind außerdem durch im Vergleich zur Kopfbreite unterschiedliche relative Körperhöhe voneinander zu unterscheiden. > Key words Systematics, ichthyology, biogeography, freshwater ecology, Neotropics, Amazon River, new taxa. 124 RÖMER et al.: Description of two new cichlid species from Brazil Introduction Stawikowski & Werner (2004), and Staeck (2003). In this work only a few illustrations and notes on some basic colour patterns useful for identifi cation will be The Neotropical cichlid genus Dicrossus Steindach- included. GPS data for station F9/91R were taken with ner, 1875 at present includes three described dwarf a Garmin GPS 50 (Garmin Int. Inc., Lenexa, USA), and cichlid species: Dicrossus maculatus Steindachner, extracted from ONC Flight Navigation Charts (Ministry 1875 (the type species of the genus), Dicrossus fi lamen- of Defence, UK) and Google Earth for the igarapé near tosus (Ladiges, 1958), and Dicrossus gladicauda Schin- Sao Luiz. Statistical analysis was carried out using the dler & Staeck, 2008. Two more species, both from the PC program Statistika 6.0 for Windows (StatSoft Inc. Brazilian Amazon basin, have been known for at least Tulsa, USA). two decades (Kullander, 1990; Römer, 2000, 2006; Stawikowski & Werner, 2004). In this paper these two species, known since 1981 under various – in some Comparative material cases confusing – provisional names [i. e. Dicrossus sp. “A” (Kullander, 1990) Dicrossus sp. “Peru” (Tomey, Crenicara punctulata: MTD F 32159, 1 male, 81.8 mm SL, 1 1983), Dicrossus sp. “Rotfl ossen” (Linke & Staeck, female, 60.1 mm SL, collected March 1994 by M. Wöhler, 1992), Dicrossus sp. “Rio Negro” (Windisch, 1992), Anavillhanas archipelago, lower Rio Negro, federal state of Dicrossus sp. “Doppelfl eck” (Mayland & Bork, 1997), Amazonas, Brazil. and Dicrossus sp. “B” (Kullander, 1990), Dicrossus Crenicara latruncularium: UR.2010.06.113, 1 male, 1 female, sp. “Tapajós” (Warzel, 1996), Dicrossus sp. “Tapaios” not measured, commercial import, September 2009, C. Eon, (Warzel, 1996)], will be formally described below. Bordeaux. Dicrossus fi lamentosus: MTD F 32160, 6 specimens, 27.9 mm SL to 37.4 mm SL, collected October 13th 1991 by A. Schneider. Location: few hundred meters upriver from the mouth of the Iga- Material and Methods rapé Prósperitáte (station F9/91R: 00°09′47′′S / 64°07′11′′W), a small right hand tributary of the Rio Preto near Lago Urubu about 12.5 km NNW from the junction with the Rio Negro, federal Measurements and counts were taken as described state Amazonas, Brazil. 35 specimens (UR 2010.Df.1001) from in detail in Römer (2006) and Römer et al. (2003, vicinity of Puerto Inirida, imported by Aquapool (Wuppertal), 2004, 2006) All type specimens were preserved in 75% March 2007. ethanol. A small number of fi sh were preserved in the Dicrossus gladicauda: 80 specimens: MTD F 32155, 13 speci- fi eld, the rest after various periods of maintenance in mens, 22.8 mm SL to 37.7 mm SL; CAS 229 773, 13 specimens, the aquarium. The latter specimens were treated before 26.0 mm SL to 39.5 mm SL; CAS 229 774, 15 specimens, 23.7 preservation as described in detail by Römer & Hahn mm SL to 38.9 mm SL; MTD F 32156, 10 specimens all male, (2008). Voucher specimens were deposited in the fi sh 24.9 mm SL to 42.1 mm SL; MTD F 32157, 14 specimens, collections of the Museum for Natural History, Dresden 31.2 mm SL to 43.0 mm SL; MTD F 32158, 5 males, 36.4 mm (MTD F), California Academy of Sciences, San Fran- SL to 41.5 mm SL, cleared and stained; UR.2010.06.112, 10 cisco (CAS), Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de specimens, 26.0 mm SL to 40.6 mm SL. All from Rio Vichade, São Paulo (MZUSP), and the personal collection of the Eastern Colombia, collected May 2002. senior author (UR). Tissue samples for future genetic Dicrossus maculatus: UR.2010.06.113, 1male, 1 female, not analysis have been taken from all specimens, preserved measured, commercial import, October 2005. in pure ethanol, and registered under the same individual Supplementary material (non types). 6 live specimens (not numbers as the originating specimens. Descriptions are preserved) of each of both Dicrossus species described below, based mainly on holotypes, with additional informa- maintained in the aquarium for behavioural and ontogenetic tion taken from all paratypes. Information for colour observation, to be kept in the personal collection of UR after descriptions of voucher specimens was taken from fi sh preservation, and fi gures in Römer (2000, 2006). preserved in 75 % ethanol. Colour of dry specimens in some cases differs signifi cantly. Römer (2000, 2006) has presented numerous photographs of the species described herein. These fi gures are included as sup- Dicrossus foirni sp. n. plementary pictorial reference material. Behaviour was observed in the laboratory under conditions given in Figs. 1 – 7, 17 & 18, Tabs. 1 – 3) Römer & Hahn (2008). The coloration of live specimens is well known. It may be seen from numerous colour photographs in Holotype. (fi g. 1) MZUSP 106589, female, 42.8 mm SL, col- various publications, especially Römer (2000, 2006), lected by A. Schneider, October 15th 1992. Location: few hun- Vertebrate Zoology ■ 60 (2) 2010 125 Fig. 1. Dicrossus foirni sp. n., holotype (MZUSP 106589), female, colour pattern in 75 % ethanol, about six months after preservation. Fig. 2. Dicrossus foirni sp. n., topotype (MTD F 32146), male, colour pattern in 75 % ethanol, about six months after preservation. dred meters above mouth of the Igarapé Prósperitáte (station Diagnosis. Dicrossus foirni sp. n. is a medium-sized F9/91R: 00°09′47′′S / 64°07′11′′W), a small right-hand tributary crenicaratine cichlid species (males up to 71 mm SL, of the Rio Preto near Lago Urubu about 12.5 km NNW from females to 45 mm SL) sharing all typical characteristics the junction with the Rio Negro, federal state of Amazonas, of the genus Dicrossus Steindachner, 1875 as stated in Brazil. particular by Kullander (1990). The species exhibits Paratypes. 6 specimens. MTD F 32146 (topotype), male, pronounced sexual size and colour dimorphism. It is 70.9 mm SL (fi g. 2), and MZUSP 106590, male, 57.9 mm SL, unmistakeably characterised by three rows of round to M. Geismann, S. Leissner, and A. Schneider, other data as for vertical-ovoid, alternating dark grey to blackish, double holotype. MTD F female, 32147, 35.0 mm SL, MTD F 32148, or triple spots on the sides of the body; adult males with sex undetermined, 26.0 mm SL, cleared & stained, CAS 220 a black spot on the dorsum and basal part of the dorsal 433, male, 45.8 mm SL, CAS 220 434, female, 37.5 mm SL, fi n at the position of hard rays 7 to 8, and a pointed collected by Martin Wöhler, March 9th 1994, in a shallow swamp rhombic caudal fi n. lake in the Igarapé Prósperitáte about 1 kilometre upriver from its junction with the Rio Preto, about 1 hour upstream from the junction with the Rio Negro, federal state of Amazonas, Brazil.
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